Solved Paper 2015

Physics
Class-XII
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :
(i) There are 26 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) This question paper has five sections : Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(iii) Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains
twelve questions of three marks each, Section D contains one value based question of four marks and Section E contains
three questions of five marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question of three
marks and all the three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary:
c = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
mo = 4p × 10–7 T m A–1
eo = 8.854 × 10–12 C2 N–1 m–2
1
= 9 × 109 N m2 C–2
4 πε0

me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
Mass of Neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 kg
Mass of Proton = 1.673 × 10–27 kg
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1

Delhi Set Code No. 55/1/1

SECTION - A 3. A concave lens of refractive index 1.5 is immersed

in a medium of refractive index 1.65.
1. Define capacitor reactance. Write its S.I. units. What is the nature of the lens ?
Ans. It is defined as the opposition to the flow of current
Ans. Converging (Convex Lens),(Also accept if a
in ac circuits offered by a capacitor.
student writes it as a diverging Lens or Concave
Alternatively: lens (Since, hindi translation does not match with
1 English version)
XC =
ωC [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= S.I Unit : ohm
2. What is the electric flux through a cube of side 1 Detailed answer:
cm which encloses an electric dipole ? When the refractive index of the matériel of
concave lens is less than the refractive index of
Ans. Zero [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] the surrounding medium, then the lens behaves
opposite in nature i.e., convex lens.
Detailed answer:
* 4. How are side bands produced ?
Cube is enclosing a dipole. Hence, the total charge
enclosed is 0. 5. Graph showing the variation of current versus
voltage for a material GaAs is shown in the figure.
q
Flux = Identify the region of
ε0 (i) negative resistance
Since, q = 0, then flux = 0 (ii) where Ohm’s law is obeyed.

* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

Ans. DE: Negative resistance region nh

mvr =
AB: Where Ohm’s law is obeyed. (Also accept BC) 2p

n2 h 2
m2v2r2 = …(ii)
4p 2
Divide (ii) by (i)
n2 h 2 4 πε0
mr = ×
4 p2 e2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
n2 h 2
\ r= .4 πε0
Detailed answer: 4 p 2me 2
(i) In DE portion of the graph, the current decreases
\ r ∝ n2
as voltage increases. Hence, this is the negative
resistance region. (Give full credit to any other correct alternative
method)
(ii) In AC region of the graph, the current increases as
the voltage increases. This region follows Ohm's 8. Distinguish between ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’
law. semiconductors.
Ans. Distinction between intrinsic & extrinsic
SECTION - B semiconductor
6. A proton and an a-particle have the same de- Intrinsic Extrinsic
Broglie wavelength. Determine the ratio of (i) their Semiconductor Semiconductor
accelerating potentials (ii) their speeds. (i) Without any impu- Doped with triva-
Ans. Determination of ratio (i) accelerating potential 1 rity atoms. lent/ pentavalent
(ii) speed 1 impurity atoms.
h
(i) l= (ii) ne = nh ne ≠ nh
2mqV
(Any other correct distinguishing features.)
h2 9. Use the mirror equation to show that an object
V=
2mqλ 2 placed between f and 2f of a concave mirror
produces a real image beyond 2f.
ma = 4mp, qa = 2qp
Vp m q OR
⇒ = α α * Find an expression for intensity of transmitted
Vα mp q p
light when a polaroid sheet is rotated between
4 mp × 2 q p two crossed polaroids. In which position of the
= polaroid sheet will the transmitted intensity be
mp q p
maximum ?
= 8 : 1 Ans. Derivation of the required condition
h 1 1 1
(ii) l= = +
mv f v u

h For concave mirror f < 0 and u < 0
⇒ v=
mλ As object lies between f and 2f
vp mα (i) At u = –f
⇒ = =4
vα mp 1 1 1
= − +
v f f
7. Show that the radius of the orbit in hydrogen atom
varies as n2, where n is the principal quantum ⇒ v =∝
number of the atom. At u = –2f
Ans. Showing that the radius of orbit varies as n2 1 1 1 1
⇒ = − + = −
mv 2 1 e2 v f 2f 2f
=
r 4 πε0 r 2
⇒ v = – 2f
1 2 ⇒ Hence, image distance v ≥ –2f
or mv2r = e …(i)
4 πε0 Since, v is negative therefore the image is real.

* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER - 2015 (PHYSICS)

Alternative Method
SECTION - C
1 1 1
= + 11. Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum
f v u
which is
For concave mirror f < 0, u < 0 (a) suitable for radar systems used in aircraft
Q 2f < u < f navigation.
1 1 1 (b) used to treat muscular strain.
⇒ > >
2f u f (c) used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
Write in brief, how these waves can be produced.
1 1 1 1 1 1
− > − > − Ans. Name of the parts of e.m. spectrum for a, b, c
2f f u f f f
Production
1 1  1 1 1  (a) Microwave
⇒ − − >0 ∵ − = 
2f v  u f − v Production: Klystron/magnetron/Gunn diode (any
 one)
1 1 (b) Infrared Radiation
⇒ < <0
2f v Production: Hot bodies / vibrations of atoms and
molecules (any one)
⇒ v <0
(c) X-Rays
\ Image is real
Production: Bombarding high energy electrons on
Also v > 2f image is formed beyond 2f. metal target/ x-ray tube/inner shell electrons(any
10. Use Kirchhoff’s rules to obtain conditions for the one).
balance condition in a Wheatstone bridge. 12. (i) A giant refracting telescope has an objective lens
Ans. Obtaining condition for the balance Wheatstone of focal length 15 m. If an eye piece of focal length
bridge 1.0 cm is used, what is the angular magnification of
the telescope ?
(ii) If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is
the diameter of the image of the moon formed by
the objective lens ? The diameter of the moon is
6
3.48 × 10 m and the radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 ×
108 m.
Ans. (i) Calculation of angular magnification
(ii) Calculation of image of diameter of Moon
Angular Magnification
f
m= o
fe
15
= = 1500
10 −2

Applying Kirchoff ’s loop rule to closed loop ADBA

–I1R1 + 0 + I2R2 = 0(Ig = 0) …(i)
For loop CBDC
 3.48 × 10 6 
–I2R4 + 0 + I1R3 = 0 …(ii) Angular size of the moon = 
 3.8 × 10 8 
⇒ from equation (i)  
I1 R 3.48
= 1 = × 10 −2 radian
I2 R2 3.8

Angular size of the image
From equation (ii)
 3.48 
I1 R =  × 10 −2 × 1500  radian
= 4 3. 8
I2 R3  

Diameter of the image
R1 R 3.48
\ = 4 = × 15 × focal length of eye peice
R2 R3 3.8

 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

3.48 Calculate the energy release in MeV in the

= × 15 × 1 cm deuterium-tritium fusion reaction:
3.8
2 3 4
1H + 1H → 2He + n
= 13.7 cm
Using the data:
(Also accept alternative correct method.)
m(21H) = 2.014102 u
13. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and
m(31H) = 3.016049 u
mention which important features in photoelectric
m(42He) = 4.002603 u
effect can be explained with the help of this
equation. mn = 1.008665 u
The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons 1u = 931.5 MeV/c2
gets doubled when the wavelength of light incident Ans. (i) Drawing of trajectory
on the surface changes from l1 to l2. Derive the (ii) Explanation of information on the size of
expressions for the threshold wavelength l0 and nucleus
work function for the metal surface. (iii) Proving that nuclear density is independent of
A
Ans. (i) Einstein’s Photoelectric equation
(ii) Important features
(iii) Derivation of expressions for λ0 and work
function
hv = f0 + kmax
1
or hv = hv0 + mv 2 max
2
Important features
(i) kmax depends linearly on frequency v.
(ii) Existence of threshold frequency for the metal Only a small fraction of the incident a – particles
rebound. This shows that the mass of the atom
surface. (Any other two correct features.)
is concentrated in a small volume in the form of
hv = f0 + kmax nucleus and gives an idea of the size of nucleus.
hc hc Radius of nucleus
= + kmax …(i)

λ1 λ0
 R = R0A1/3
hc hc mass
= + 2 kmax …(ii) Density =
λ2 λ0 volume

mA
From (i) and (ii) =
4 3
2 hc hc hc pR
− = 3
λ1 λ 2 λ0
where, m: mass of one nucleon
1  2 1  A: Mass number
=  −  mA

λ0  λ1 λ 2  =
4
λ 1λ 2 p( R0 A1/3 )3
l0 = 3
2λ 2 − λ1
3m
=
hc hc( 2λ 2 − λ1 ) 4 pR03
Work function f0 = =
λ0 λ 1λ 2 ⇒ Nuclear matter density is independent of A
14. In the study of Geiger-Marsdon experiment on OR
scattering of a particles by a thin foil of gold, draw Distinction between nuclear fission and nuclear
the trajectory of a-particles in the coulomb field of fusion
target nucleus. Explain briefly how one gets the Showing release of energy in both processes
information on the size of the nucleus from this Calculation of release of energy
study. The breaking of heavy nucleus into smaller
From the relation R = R0 A1/3, where R0 is constant fragments is called nuclear fission; the joining of
and A is the mass number of the nucleus, show lighter nuclei to form a heavy nucleus is called
that nuclear matter density is independent of A. nuclear fusion.
Binding energy per nucleon, of the daughter nuclei,
OR
in both processes, is more than that of the parent
Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. nuclei. The difference in binding energy is released
Show how in both these processes energy is in the form of energy. In both processes some mass
released. gets converted into energy.
SOLVED PAPER - 2015 (PHYSICS)

Alternatively: \ r = 1Ω
In both processes, some mass gets converted into Using this value of r, we get
energy. E = 5V
Energy Released 17. Two capacitors of unknown capacitances C1 and
Q = [m(21H) + m(31H) – m(42He) – m(n)] C2 are connected first in series and then in parallel
 × 931.5 MeV across a battery of 100 V. If the energy stored in the
= [2.014102 + 3.016049 – 4.002603 two combinations is 0.045 J and 0.25 J respectively,
 – 1.008665] × 931.5 MeV determine the value of C1 and C2. Also calculate the
charge on each capacitor in parallel combination.
= 0.018883 × 931.5 MeV
= 17.59 MeV Ans. Determination of C1 and C2
Determination of Charge on each capacitor in
* 15. Draw a block diagram of a detector for AM signal
parallel combination
and show, using necessary processes and the
waveforms, how the original message signal is Energy stored in a capacitor
detected from the input AM wave. 1
E = CV 2
16. A cell of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ is 2
connected across a variable load resistor R. Draw In series combination
the plots of the terminal voltage V versus (i) R and
(ii) the current I. 1 C1C2
0.045 = (100 )2
It is found that when R = 4 W, the current is 1 A 2 C1 + C2
and when R is increased to 9 W, the current reduces C1C2
to 0.5 A. Find the values of the emf E and internal ⇒ = 0.09 × 10–4…(i)
C1 + C2
resistance r.
Ans. Drawing of Plots of Part (i) & (ii) In Parallel combination
Finding the values of emf and internal resistance 1
0.25 = (C1 + C2 )(100 )2
(i) 2
⇒ C1 + C2 = 0.5 × 10–4…(ii)
On simplifying (i) & (ii)
C1C2 = 0.045 × 10–8
(C1 – C2)2 = (C1 + C2)2 – 4C1C2
= (0.5 × 10–4)2 – 4 × 0.045 × 10–8
= 0.25 × 10–8 – 0.180 × 10–8
(ii) (C1 – C2)2 = 0.07 × 10–8
(C1 – C2) = 2.6 × 10–5
= 0.26 × 10–4…(iii)
From (ii) and (iii) we have
⇒ C1 = 0.38 × 10–4 F
and C2 = 0.12 × 10–4 F
Charges on capacitor C1 and C2 in Parallel combina-
tion
(If the student just writes the relations V = e – IR Q1 = C1V = (0.38 × 10–4 × 100)
εR = 0.38 × 10–2 C
and V = but does not draw the plots, award
R+r Q2 = C2V = (0.12 × 10–4 × 100)
½ mark.) = 0.12 × 10–2 C
E [Note: If the student writes the relations/ equations
I=
R+r 1
E = CV 2
E 2
I=
4+r
1  C1C2  2
⇒ E = 4 + r…(i) and 0.045 =   (100 )
2  C1 + C2 
E
Also, 0.5 = 1
9+r 0.25 = (C1 + C2)(100)2
2
E = 4.5 + 0.5r…(ii)
From equation (i) & (ii) But is unable to calculate C1 and C2, award him/her
4 + r = 4.5 + 0.5r full 2 marks.
* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

Also if the student just writes (b) Light of wavelength 5000 Å propagating in air
Q1 = C1V = C1(100) and Q2 = C2V = C2(100) gets partly reflected from the surface of water.
Award him/her one mark for this part of the How will the wavelengths and frequencies of the
question.] reflected and refracted light be affected ?
18. State the principle of working of a galvanometer. Ans. Finding the spacing between two slits
A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into a Effect on wavelength and frequency of reflected
voltmeter to measure upto V volts by connecting a and refracted light
resistance R1 in series with the coil. If a resistance (a) Angular width of fringes
R2 is connected in series with it, then it can measure λ
q= ,
V d
upto volts. Find the resistance, in terms of R1
2 where d = separation between two slits
and R2, required to be connected to convert it into π
Here q = 0.1° = 0.1 × radian
a voltmeter that can read upto 2V. Also find the 180
resistance G of the galvanometer in terms of R1
and R2. 600 × 10 −9 × 180
\ d= m
Ans. Working Principle 0.1 × π
Finding the required resistance = 3.43 × 10–4 m
Finding the resistance G of the Galvanometer = 0.34 m
Working Principle: A current carrying coil (b) For Reflected light: Wavelength remains same
experiences a torque when placed in a magnetic Frequency remains same
field which tends to rotate the coil and produces an For Refracted light: Wavelength decreases
angular deflection. Frequency remains same
V = Ig(G + R1) 22. An inductor L of inductance XL is connected in
V series with a bulb B and an ac source.
= Ig(G + R2)
2 How would brightness of the bulb change when
G + R1 (i) number of turn in the inductor is reduced, (ii)
⇒ 2= an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a
G + R2
capacitor of reactance XC = XL is inserted in series
⇒ G = R1 – 2R2 in the circuit. Justify your answer in each case.
Let R3 be the resistance required for conversion into
Ans. Change in the Brightness of the bulb in cases (i), (ii)
voltmeter of range 2V & (iii) Justification
\ 2V = Ig(G + R3) (i) Increases
Also V = Ig(G + R1) XL = ωL As number of turns decreases, L decreases,
G + R3 hence current through bulb increases. / Voltage
\ 2= across bulb increases.
G + R1
(ii) Decreases
\ R3 = G + 2R1 Iron rod increases the inductance which increases
= R1 – 2R2 + 2R1 XL, hence current through the bulb decreases./
= 3R1 – 2R2 Voltage across bulb decreases.
* 19. With what considerations in view, a photodiode is (iii) Increases
fabricated ? State its working with the help of a Under this condition (XC = XL) the current through
suitable diagram. the bulb will become maximum / increase.
Even though the current in the forward bias is
known to be more than in the reverse bias, yet SECTION - D
the photodiode works in reverse bias. What is the
reason ? 23. A group of students while coming from the school
* 20. Draw a circuit diagram of a transistor amplifier in noticed a box marked “Danger H.T.
CE configuration. 2200 V” at a substation in the main street. They did
Define the terms: (i) Input resistance and (ii) not understand the utility of a such a high voltage,
Current amplification factor. How are these while they argued, the supply was only 220 V. They
determined using typical input and output asked their teacher this question the next day. The
characteristics ? teacher thought it to be an important question and
therefore explained to the whole class.
21. Answer the following questions:
Answer the following questions:
(a) In a double slit experiment using light of
wavelength 600 nm, the angular width of the (i) What device is used to bring the high voltage
fringe formed on a distant screen is 0.1°. Find the down to low voltage of a.c. current and what is the
spacing between the two slits. principle of its working ?

* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER - 2015 (PHYSICS)

(ii) Is it possible to use this device for bringing down (c) In an experiment, two coils c1 and c2 are placed
the high dc voltage to the low voltage ? Explain. close to each other. Find out the expression for the
(iii) Write the values displayed by the students and the emf induced in the coil c1 due to a change in the
teacher. current through the coil c2.
Ans. (i) Name of device and Principle of working Ans. (a) Line integral of magnetic field over a closed loop
(ii) Possibility and explanation is equal to the m0 times the total current passing
(iii) Values displayed by students and teachers through the surface enclosed by the loop.
(i) Transformer Alternatively
→ →
Working Principle: Mutual induction. Whenever
an alternative voltage is applied in the primary ∫ B . dl = m 0I

windings, an emf is induced in the secondary

windings.
(ii) No, There is no induced emf for a dc voltage in the
primary
(iii) Inquisitive nature/ Scientific temperament
 (any one)
Concern for students / Helpfulness / Professional
honesty(any one) (Any other relevant values) (a)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

Detailed answer:
(i) Transformer is used to bring down high voltage ac
to low voltage.
Working principle: Mutual induction.
Transformers have two coils - primary and
secondary. When ac voltage is applied to the
(b)
primary an emf is induced in the secondary coil.
(ii) No. Continuous change is voltage level in the Let the current flowing through each turn of the
primary coil is required for emf to be induced in toroid be I. The total number of turns equals n. (2pr)
the secondary coil. But in dc, there is no change where n is the number of turns per unit length.
in voltage level. Hence, no emf is induced in the
Applying Ampere's circuital law, for the Amperian
secondary coil.
(iii) Values displayed by students: Inquisitive nature, loop, for interior points.
scientific temperament. → →
Values displayed by the teacher: Concern for ∫ B . dl = m0(n 2prl)
students, helpfulness, professional honesty.
≡Bdl cos0 = m0n 2prl
SECTION - E
⇒ B × 2pr = m0n 2prl
24. (a) State Ampere’s circuital law. Use this law to B = m0nI
obtain the expression for the magnetic field inside
an air cored toroid of average radius ‘r’, having ‘n’
turns per unit length and carrying a steady current (b)
I.
(b) An observer to the left of a solenoid of N turns
each of cross section area ‘A’ observes that a steady
current I in it flows in the clockwise direction. The solenoid contains N loops, each carrying a
Depict the magnetic field lines due to the solenoid current I. Therefore, each loop acts as a magnetic
specifying its polarity and show that it acts as a bar dipole. The magnetic moment for a current I,
magnet of magnetic moment m = NIA. flowing in loop of area (vector) A is given by m = IA
OR
The magnetic moments of all loops are aligned
(a) Define mutual inductance and write its S.I. units. along the same direction.
(b) Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of
Hence, net magnetic moment equals NIA
two long co-axial solenoids of same length wound
one over the other.
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

OR OR
(a) f = MI (a) A point object ‘O’ is kept in a medium of refractive
Mutual inductance of two coils is equal to the index n1 in front of a convex spherical surface of
radius of curvature R which separates the second
magnetic flux linked with one coil when a unit
medium of refractive index n2 from the first one, as
current is passed in the other coil. Alternatively,
shown in the figure.
dI Draw the ray diagram showing the image
e = −M
dt formation and deduce the relationship between
Mutual inductance is equal to the induced emf set the object distance and the image distance in terms
of n1, n2 and R.
up in one coil when the rate of change of current
flowing through the other coil is unity. (b) When the image formed above acts as a virtual
object for a concave spherical surface separating
SI unit: henry / (Weber ampere–1) / (volt second
the medium n2 from n1(n2 > n1), draw this ray
ampere–1) (Any one)
diagram and write the similar (similar to (a))
(b) relation. Hence obtain the expression for the lens
maker’s formula.
Ans. (a) Explanation of diffraction pattern using
Huygen’s construction
(b) Showing the angular width of first diffraction
fringe as half of the central fringe
(c) Explanation of decrease in intensity with
increasing n

(a)

Let a current I2 flow through S2. This sets up a

magnetic flux f1 through each turn of the coil S1.
Total flux linked with S1
N1f1 = M12I2…(i)
where M12 is the mutual inductance between the
two solenoids
Magnetic field due to the current I2 in S2 is m0n2l2.
Therefore, resulting flux linked with S1. We can regard the total contribution of the
N1f1 = [(n1)πr12](m0n2I2)…(ii) wavefront LN at some point P on the screen, as the
Comparing (i) & (ii),we get resultant effect of the superposition of its wavelets
M12I2 = (n1)πr12(m0n2I2) like LM, MM2, M2N. These have to be superposed
\ M12 = m0n1n2pr12 taking into account their proper phase differences.
(c) Let a magnetic flux be (f1) linked with coil C1 due to We, therefore, get maxima and minima, i.e., a
current (I2) in coil C2: diffraction pattern, on the screen.
We have: f1 ∝ I 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
⇒ f1 = MI2
dφ1 dI (b)
\ = M 2
dt dt D2
/a D1
dI 2 /a
⇒ e = −M a /a O
dt /a D1’
25. (a) Using Huygens’s construction of secondary D2’
wavelets explain how a diffraction pattern is
obtained on a screen due to a narrow slit on
which a monochromatic beam of light is incident Condition for first minimum on the screen
normally.
a sin θ = λ
(b) Show that the angular width of the first diffraction
fringe is half that of the central fringe. λ
⇒ θ=
1λ a

(c) Explain why the maxima at q =  n +  become
 2a ∴ angular width of the central fringe on the screen
weaker and weaker with increasing n. (from figure)
SOLVED PAPER - 2015 (PHYSICS)

2λ MN
= 2θ = ∠NIM  tan ∠NIM =
a MI
Angular width of first diffraction fringe (From fig) In DNOC, ∠i = ∠NOM + ∠NCM
λ MN MN
= \ ∠i = + ...(i)
a OM MC 
Hence angular width of central fringe is twice the Similarly, ∠r = ∠NCM – ∠NIM
angular width of first fringe.
MN MN
(c) Maxima become weaker and weaker with = − …(ii)
MC MI
increasing n. This is because the effective part of the
Using Snell’s Law
wavefront, contributing to the maxima, becomes
smaller and smaller, with increasing n. n1 sin i = n2 sin r
Detailed answer: For small angles
(a) n1i = n2r
Substituting for i and r, we get
n1 n n − n1
+ 2 = 2
OM MI MC
Here, OM = – u, MI = + v, MC = + R
Substituting these, we get
n2 n1 n − n1
⇒ − = 2
v u R

(b)
A plane wavefront from a monochromatic source S
is incident on the slit LN. According to Huygens’
principle each point of the incident wavefront
becomes the source of secondary wavelet. These
wavelets emerge with the same phase. These
(Alternatively accept this Ray diagram)
wavelets reach point C with same phase. Due
to constructive interference central maximum is
formed at C.
The wavelets which meet at point P (other than
point C) have different phases since they traverse
different paths to reach P and accordingly they
produce either maxima or minima.
Thus a diffraction pattern is generated.
OR
(a)

Similarly relation for the surface ADC.

−n2 n1 n − n1
+ = 2 …(i)
DI1 DI DC2

Refraction at the first surface ABC of the lens.
n1 n n − n1
+ 2 = 2 …(ii)
(Deduct ½ mark for not showing OB BI1 BC1

direction of propagation of ray)
Adding (i) and (ii) and taking BI1  DI1, we get
For small angles
n1 n1  1 1 
MN + = ( n2 − n1 )  + 
∠NOM  tan ∠NOM = OB DI BC DC
OM  1 2 

MN Here, OB = –u
∠NCM  tan ∠NCM =
MC DI = +v
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

BC1 = +R1 Due to charge +q

⇒ DC2 = –R2
→ 1 q ^
E −q = . 2
(x)
4 πε0 ( x − a )
n1 n1  1 1 
⇒ + = ( n2 − n1 )  +  Net Electric field at point p
−u v  R1 R2 
→ → →
 1 1  E = E −q + E +q
1 1
⇒ n1  +  = ( n2 − n1 )  − 
 v u  R
 1 R 2   1
q 1 ^
= × −  (x)
1 n  1 1  4 πε0  ( x − a )2 ( x + a )2 

⇒ =  2 − 1 − 
f n
 1 R
 1 R 2   4 aqx  ^
q
=  2 2 2
(x)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 4 πε0  (x − a ) 

→ 1 ( q × 2 a )2 x ^
26. An electric dipole of dipole moment p consists of = (x)
4 πε0 ( x 2 − a 2 )2
point charges +q and –q separated by a distance 2a
→ 1 2 px ^
apart. Deduce the expression for the electric field E = . x
→
4 πε0 ( x 2 − a 2 )2
E due to the dipole at a distance x from the centre
For x >> a
of the dipole on its axial line in terms of the dipole
(x2 – a2)2  x4
→
moment p . Hence show that in the limit x >> a, → 1 2p ^
E = . x
→ 4 πε0 x 3
→

2p
E→ 3
. (b) Only the faces perpendicular to the direction of
4 πε0 x
x-axis, contribute to the Electric flux. The remaining
→ ^
faces of the cube give zero contribution.
(b) Given the electric field in the region E 2 x i , find
the net electric flux through the cube and the
charge enclosed by it.
OR
(a) Explain, using suitable diagrams, the difference in
the behaviour of a (i) conductor and (ii) dielectric
in the presence of external electric field. Define
the terms polarization of a dielectric and write its
relation with susceptibility.
(b) A thin metallic spherical shell of radius R carries
Q Total flux f = fI + fII

a charge Q on its surface. A point charge is  
  

2
placed at its centre C and an other charge +2Q is
=  ∫ E.ds + ∫ E.ds
I II
2
placed outside the shell at a distance x from the = 0 + 2(a).a
centre as shown in the figure. Find (i) the force on \
f = 2a3
the charge at the centre of shell and at the point A, q
φ = enclosed
(ii) the electric flux through the shell. ε0
Ans. (a) Derivation of the expression for the Electric field qenclosed
E and its limiting value or, 2a3 =
ε0
(b) Finding the net electric flux
(a) ∴
qenclosed = 2a3ε0
OR
(a) Explanation of difference in behaviour of
(i) conductor
Electric field intensity at point p due to charge –q
(ii) dielectric
→
1 q ^ Definition of polarization and its relation with
= . (x)
E −q 4 πε0 ( x + a )2 susceptibility
SOLVED PAPER - 2015 (PHYSICS)

(b) (i) Finding the force on the charge at centre and Polarisation: Induced Dipole moment, per unit
the charge at point A volume, is called the polarization. For Linear
(ii) Finding Electric flux through the shell isotropic dielectrics having a susceptibility cc, we
have
(a)
P = ceE
Q
(b) (i) Net Force on the charge , placed at the centre
2
of the shell, is zero.
Force on charge ‘2Q’ kept at point A
F = E × 2Q
 3Q 
 2  2Q
  ( K )3Q 2
= =
4 πε0 r 2 r2
In the presence of Electric field, the free charge
carriers, in a conductor, the charge distribution in
the conductor readjusts itself so that the net Electric
field within the conductor becomes zero.
In a dielectric, the external Electric field induces a
net dipole moment, by stretching /reorienting the (ii) Electric flux through the shell
molecules. The Electric field, due to this induced Q
dipole moment,opposes ,but does not exactly f=
2ε0
cancel, the external Electric field.

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