618222 Week6 Revise

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Module 2 : Transient analysis

Basic RL and RC
Circuit
Week 6

618222 Electric circuit analysis

Instructor: Kittithuch Paponpen


Basic RL and RC Circuit

The unit-step function

Driven RL circuits

Driven RC circuits
The Unit-step function
1 t  t0
u ( − ( t − t0 ) ) = u ( −t + t0 ) = 
0 t  t0

u ( −t + t0 )

0 t
t0
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly
and Steven M. Durbin, 2012,
“Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.283.
Ex: u(t)
0 t  0
u ( t − t0 ) = u ( t − 0 ) = u ( t ) = 
1 t  0

Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.284.
Ex: Sketch the following functions over the range -3  t  3:
(a) v(t) = 3 – u(2-t) – 2u(t) V

v(t) = 3 – u(2-t) – 2u(t) V

V(t) = v1(t) + v2(t) + v3(t)

v3(t) = - 2u(t)
v1(t) = 3
v2(t) = - u(2 – t)
v2(t) = - u(– t + 2)
V1(t) = 3
3

t (s)
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
V2(t) = - u( -t + 2)

2
t (s)
-1

V3(t) = - 2u(t)

2
t (s)

-2
V(t) = v1(t) + v2(t) + v3(t)

2
1
0
t (s)
2
• Physical sources and the unit-step function

Equivalently

Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.284.

Equivalently

Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.285.
Basic RL and RC Circuit

The unit-step function

Driven RL circuits

Driven RC circuits
Driven RL circuit
equivalently
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.286.
Processing the same response i(t) for all time
KVL@ single loop:

No active i = 0 t  0
@t >= 0;

@t = 0 −
L
R
ln (V0 − Ri ( 0 ) ) = 0 + k

i ( 0− ) = i ( 0+ ) = 0

L L
− ln (V0 − Ri ) = t − ln (V0 )
R R
Complete response
Natural response

Force response
(steady state response)
EX: RL Circuit

solution

Complete response

Natural response Force response



t
(steady state response)
in = Ae 
@ t =  :→ get i f
Complete response summary:

Natural response Force response


t
in = Ae

 (steady state response)
@ t =  :→ get i f
RL Circuit → =
L
R
Determine i(t) for all values of time in the circuit

Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.292.
Solution 2 2

t < 0: i
6
i

+ 6 3H 50 V
+
50 V - -

2
i

i ( 0− ) =
50 +
= 25 A 50 V -
2
t0 - +
2
i
50 V
+ 6 3H
50 V -

i = in + i f

Find in (natural response)


2
2
- +
1
− t
  6
in = Ae 50 V
6
3H
+ 3H
50 V -

Req

Leq 3
= = =2s Req = 2 6 = 1.5  3H
Req 1.5
Find in (natural response)
Leq 3
= = =2s
Req 1.5

1
− t
in = Ae 2
= Ae −0.5t
Find if (force response) t →
2 2
- + - +
i
i 50 V
50 V
+ 6
+ 6 3H 50 V
50 V - -

2
- +
i
50 V
100 +
if = = 50 V 50 V -
2
Find i (complete response)
i = in + i f

i = Ae −0.5t + 50
@t = 0 : in ( 0 ) = i ( 0− ) = i ( 0+ ) = A + 50

25 = A + 50
A = −50 + 25
A = −25
i = 50 − 25e −0.5t

Answer: i = 25 A (t < 0)
i = 50 − 25e −0.5t A (t > 0)

i = 25 + 25 − 25e −0.5t Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E.


Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin,
i = 25 + 25 (1 − e −0.5t ) u ( t ) A 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”,
pp.293.
Basic RL and RC Circuit

The unit-step function

Driven RL circuits

Driven RC circuits
Driven RC circuit
Complete response summary:

Natural response Force response


t
in = Ae

 (steady state response)
@ t =  :→ get i f
RC Circuit:  = RC
Find the capacitor voltage vc(t) and the current i(t) in the
200  resistor for all time

Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.296.
t<0

Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly


and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering
circuit analysis”, pp.296.

+
10  60+200 i
=260  vc
50 
120 V + +
- - -
50 V

50  50 
i= = 0.192 A vc =   (120 ) = 100 V
260  50 + 10 

vc ( 0− ) = vc ( 0+ ) = 100 V
i (0 ) =
− 50
= 0.192 A
260
t0

Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E.


Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin,
2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”,
pp.296.

vc = vc n + vc f
Find vcn (natural response)
60 
60  i +
1
− t 50 mF
  200 
vcn = Ae + 200  50 
50 mF vc 50 
50 V
- -

Req

 = Req Ceq = ( 24 ) ( 50  10 ) = 1.2 s


50 mF
−3 Req = 60 200 50 = 24 
Find vcn (natural response)
 = Req Ceq = ( 24 ) ( 50  10−3 ) = 1.2 s

 1 
− t
vcn = Ae  1.2 

Find vcf (force response) t →

i + 60  +
60 
vc vc
50 mF + 200 50=40 
+ 200  50  50 V
50 V - -
- -

 40 
vcf =   ( 50 ) = 20 V
 60 + 40 
Find vc (complete response)
vc = vcn + vcf
 1 
− t
vc = Ae + 20
 1.2 

@ t = 0 : v ( 0 ) = v ( 0− ) = v ( 0+ ) = A + 20
cn c c

100 = A + 20
A = 100 − 20
A = 80
 1 
− t
i = 20 + 80e  1.2 

Answer: vc = 100 V (t < 0)


 1 
− t
vc = 20 + 80e  1.2 
V (t > 0)
t0
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E.
Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin,
2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”,
pp.296.

i = in + i f
Find in (natural response)
60 
60  i +
1
− t 200  50 
50 mF
 
in = Ae + 200  50 
50 mF vc
50 V
- -

Req

 = Req Ceq = ( 24 ) ( 50  10 ) = 1.2 s


50 mF
−3 Req = 60 200 50 = 24 
Find in (natural response)
 = Req Ceq = ( 24 ) ( 50  10−3 ) = 1.2 s

 1 
− t
in = Ae  1.2 

Find if (force response) t →

i 60  i +
60  +
vc
50 mF vc + 200 50=40 
+ 200  50  50 V
50 V - -
- -

 40 
vcf =   ( 50 ) = 20 V
 60 + 40 
vcf 20
if = = =0.1 A
200 200
Find i (complete response)
i = in + i f
 1 
− t
i = Ae  1.2 
+ 0.1
@t = 0 : i ( 0+ ) = A + 0.1

vc ( 0+ )
i (0 )=
+ 100
60  i + = = 0.5 A
200 200
vc
+ 200  50 
50 mF
0.5 = A + 0.1
50 V
- - A = 0.4

Answer: i = 0.192 A (t < 0)


 1 
− t
i = 0.1 + 0.4e  1.2 
A (t > 0)
References

[1] William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M.


Durbin, Engineering circuit analysis, New York, NY, USA:
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2012.
[2] J. David Irwin and R. Mark Nelms, Basic engineering
circuit analysis, John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
Homework
The unit step function

Answer:
v ( t ) = 6u ( t ) − 6u ( t − 2 ) + 3u ( t − 4 ) V

Answer: (a)-3 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d) 6 (e) 6


Driven RL circuit

Answer: (a) iL ( t ) = ( 2 − 2e ) u (t ) mA
−200000t

(b) vL ( t ) = 6e−200000t u ( t ) V
Answer: (a)2 A (b) 3.427 A (c) 3.953 A
Natural and force response

Answer: 2.5 V
Answer:
( a ) iL = 2 A, t  0
( b ) iL (t ) = 5 − 3e−40t A, t  0
Driven RC circuit

Answer:
vc = 0 V, t  0
vc ( t ) = 4.5 (1 − e−10t ) V, t  0
Answer:

iA = 10 mA, t  0
iA ( t ) = 2.5 − 1.0714e −57140t mA, t  0

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