618222 Week6 Revise
618222 Week6 Revise
618222 Week6 Revise
Basic RL and RC
Circuit
Week 6
Driven RL circuits
Driven RC circuits
The Unit-step function
1 t t0
u ( − ( t − t0 ) ) = u ( −t + t0 ) =
0 t t0
u ( −t + t0 )
0 t
t0
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly
and Steven M. Durbin, 2012,
“Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.283.
Ex: u(t)
0 t 0
u ( t − t0 ) = u ( t − 0 ) = u ( t ) =
1 t 0
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.284.
Ex: Sketch the following functions over the range -3 t 3:
(a) v(t) = 3 – u(2-t) – 2u(t) V
v3(t) = - 2u(t)
v1(t) = 3
v2(t) = - u(2 – t)
v2(t) = - u(– t + 2)
V1(t) = 3
3
t (s)
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
V2(t) = - u( -t + 2)
2
t (s)
-1
V3(t) = - 2u(t)
2
t (s)
-2
V(t) = v1(t) + v2(t) + v3(t)
2
1
0
t (s)
2
• Physical sources and the unit-step function
Equivalently
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.284.
Equivalently
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.285.
Basic RL and RC Circuit
Driven RL circuits
Driven RC circuits
Driven RL circuit
equivalently
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.286.
Processing the same response i(t) for all time
KVL@ single loop:
No active i = 0 t 0
@t >= 0;
@t = 0 −
L
R
ln (V0 − Ri ( 0 ) ) = 0 + k
i ( 0− ) = i ( 0+ ) = 0
L L
− ln (V0 − Ri ) = t − ln (V0 )
R R
Complete response
Natural response
Force response
(steady state response)
EX: RL Circuit
solution
Complete response
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.292.
Solution 2 2
t < 0: i
6
i
+ 6 3H 50 V
+
50 V - -
2
i
i ( 0− ) =
50 +
= 25 A 50 V -
2
t0 - +
2
i
50 V
+ 6 3H
50 V -
i = in + i f
Req
Leq 3
= = =2s Req = 2 6 = 1.5 3H
Req 1.5
Find in (natural response)
Leq 3
= = =2s
Req 1.5
1
− t
in = Ae 2
= Ae −0.5t
Find if (force response) t →
2 2
- + - +
i
i 50 V
50 V
+ 6
+ 6 3H 50 V
50 V - -
2
- +
i
50 V
100 +
if = = 50 V 50 V -
2
Find i (complete response)
i = in + i f
i = Ae −0.5t + 50
@t = 0 : in ( 0 ) = i ( 0− ) = i ( 0+ ) = A + 50
25 = A + 50
A = −50 + 25
A = −25
i = 50 − 25e −0.5t
Answer: i = 25 A (t < 0)
i = 50 − 25e −0.5t A (t > 0)
Driven RL circuits
Driven RC circuits
Driven RC circuit
Complete response summary:
Ref: William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, 2012, “Engineering circuit analysis”, pp.296.
t<0
+
10 60+200 i
=260 vc
50
120 V + +
- - -
50 V
50 50
i= = 0.192 A vc = (120 ) = 100 V
260 50 + 10
vc ( 0− ) = vc ( 0+ ) = 100 V
i (0 ) =
− 50
= 0.192 A
260
t0
vc = vc n + vc f
Find vcn (natural response)
60
60 i +
1
− t 50 mF
200
vcn = Ae + 200 50
50 mF vc 50
50 V
- -
Req
1
− t
vcn = Ae 1.2
i + 60 +
60
vc vc
50 mF + 200 50=40
+ 200 50 50 V
50 V - -
- -
40
vcf = ( 50 ) = 20 V
60 + 40
Find vc (complete response)
vc = vcn + vcf
1
− t
vc = Ae + 20
1.2
@ t = 0 : v ( 0 ) = v ( 0− ) = v ( 0+ ) = A + 20
cn c c
100 = A + 20
A = 100 − 20
A = 80
1
− t
i = 20 + 80e 1.2
i = in + i f
Find in (natural response)
60
60 i +
1
− t 200 50
50 mF
in = Ae + 200 50
50 mF vc
50 V
- -
Req
1
− t
in = Ae 1.2
i 60 i +
60 +
vc
50 mF vc + 200 50=40
+ 200 50 50 V
50 V - -
- -
40
vcf = ( 50 ) = 20 V
60 + 40
vcf 20
if = = =0.1 A
200 200
Find i (complete response)
i = in + i f
1
− t
i = Ae 1.2
+ 0.1
@t = 0 : i ( 0+ ) = A + 0.1
vc ( 0+ )
i (0 )=
+ 100
60 i + = = 0.5 A
200 200
vc
+ 200 50
50 mF
0.5 = A + 0.1
50 V
- - A = 0.4
Answer:
v ( t ) = 6u ( t ) − 6u ( t − 2 ) + 3u ( t − 4 ) V
Answer: (a) iL ( t ) = ( 2 − 2e ) u (t ) mA
−200000t
(b) vL ( t ) = 6e−200000t u ( t ) V
Answer: (a)2 A (b) 3.427 A (c) 3.953 A
Natural and force response
Answer: 2.5 V
Answer:
( a ) iL = 2 A, t 0
( b ) iL (t ) = 5 − 3e−40t A, t 0
Driven RC circuit
Answer:
vc = 0 V, t 0
vc ( t ) = 4.5 (1 − e−10t ) V, t 0
Answer:
iA = 10 mA, t 0
iA ( t ) = 2.5 − 1.0714e −57140t mA, t 0