*CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*

Session: 2024-25 Department of History

A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: HISTORY OF INDIA (1200-1526 AD)
Course Code: HSBOMJ3001 Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Major Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T End Sem. 70
Credit 04
Teachers: Dr. Syed Bashir Hasan
Dr. Arshia Shafqat (WC)
Course Objectives:
• To develop understanding of significance of contemporary sources.
• To understand the evolving political structure.
• To study innovative political and economic institutions and their consequences.
• To understand introduction and consolidation of the preocess of centralization of
administration under Delhi Sultanate.
• To have an overview of cultural development during the period.

UNIT-I
Causes of the success of the Ghorids: Technological, Military, Political and social;
Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: Qutbuddin Aibek; Iltutmish: His military and
administrative achievements; Ghiyasuddin Balban: Rise of Balban; Balban as Sultan: His
Theory of Kingship; Consolidation of Power.
UNIT-II
Establishment of the Khalji’s dynasty: Khalji Revolution; Jalaluddin Khalji; Alauddin Khalji:
Agrarian Policy; Price-Control; Mongol Policy of Alauddin Khalji: Mongol Invasions during
the reign of Alauddin Khalji; His counter measures against the Mongols.
UNIT-III
Establishment of the Tughluq dynasty: Ghiyasuddin Tughluq: His administrative measures;
Muhammad bin Tughluq: Revolts against Muhammad bin Tughluq; Transfer of Capital and
Token Currency projects of Muhammad bin Tughluq; Firuz Tughjuq: His public works; The
Lodis: Relations with the nobility’. India on the eve of Babur’s arrival; Mughal Afghan
conflict: Battle of Panipat and its consequences.
UNIT-IV
Bhakti Movement and Sufism in India: Kabir and Nanak; Teachings of early Chishti and
Suhrawardi saints; Administration under the Sultans of Delhi; Administration of the
Vijayanagar and Bahmani Empire; Sultanate Architecture: Development of Architecture
under the Sultans of Delhi.
Course Outcomes:
• Learned the sources of History.
• Understood style and content of prescribed sources and analytical approach.
• Understood causes and consequences of the rise and fall of dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Learned administrative structure of the Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahmani Empires.
• Understood the salient features of monuments of different dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Learned the philosophy of peaceful co-existence, universal love and moral values from Bhakti
and Sufi ideas.
Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
1. RC Majumdar, ed. : History & Culture of the Indian People, Vol. VI (Selected Chapters),
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, 2001.
2. Habib & Nizami ed. : Comprehensive History of India, Vol. V, People’s Publishing House,
New Delhi, 1970.
3. Ishwari Prasad : Medieval India, Central Book Depot, Allahabad, 1960.
4. AB Pandey : Medieval India, Indian Press, Allahabad, 1933.
5. Tapan Ray Chaudhari & : Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. (Chapters dealing
Irfan Habib (ed.) with Sultanate Period), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982.
6. Satish Chandra : Medieval India from Sultanat to the Mughals, Vol. I., Har Anand Publications,
New Delhi, 2007.
7. Irfan Habib : Economic History of India, 1206-1526:The Period of the Delhi Sultanate
and the Vijayanagar Empire, Aligarh Historians Society, Aligarh, 2016.
8. M Habibullah : Foundation of Muslim Rule in India, Central Publishing House,
Allahabad, 1989.
9. Tara Chand : Influence of Islam on Indian Culture, Nabu Press, Charleston SC, 2011.
10. K.A. Nizami : Religion & Politics in India during the 13th century, Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delhi,
Delhi, 1974.
11. Peter Jackson : Delhi Sultanate: Political and Military History, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 2003.
12. Ali Athar : Military Technology and Warfare in the Sultanate, Icon Publications, Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 2006.
13. Sunil Kumar : The Emergence of the Delhi Sultanate, Permanent Block, New Delhi, 2007
14. Z.A. Desai : Indo-Islamic Architecture, Publications Division (Ministry of Information &
Broadcasting, New Delhi, 1970.
15. Anirudha Ray : The Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526) Polity, Economy, Society and Culture,
Manohar, 2019.
16. Richard Eaton : India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765, Penguin, New York, 2020.
17. Irfan Habib : Economic History of Medieval India, 1200-1500, Pearson Longman,
Delhi, 2011.
18. KS Lal : History of the Khaljis, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1967.
19. Mehdi Husian : History of the Tughlaq Dynasty, Thacker Spink, Calcutta, 1963.
20. Mohammad Habib : Hazarat Amir Khusrau of Delhi, Cosmo Publications, New Delhi, 2004.
21. I.H. Siddiqui : Composite Culture under the Sultanate of Delhi, Primus Book, Delhi, 2016.
22. Mohammad Habib : Studies in Medieval Indian Polity & Culture: The Delhi Sultanate and its Times,
ed. Irfan Habib, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2016.
23. Catherine B. Asher & : India before Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
C. Talbot
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: HISTORY OF ENGLAND (1485-1688)
Course Code: HSBOMJ3002
Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Major Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 2L+1T End Sem. 70
Credit 02
Teachers: Dr. Mohammad Nafeesh
Dr. Lucky Khan (WC)

Course Objectives:
This course aims at highlighting the political, economic and social development. The study of
this paper is expected to enable the students to get the knowledge about the policies of Henry-
VII to James II; and how it paved the way to absolutist power of government.
UNIT-I
The Tudor Monarchy: Henry VII's Anti-Baronial Measures; Relations with Merchants;
Navigation Laws. Henry VIII: Reformation in England, Radical Reformation; Mary Tudor:
Her coming to power; Counter Reformation (1553-1558); Execution of Protestants.
UNIT-II
The Reign of Elizabeth (1558-1603): The Religious Rapprochement; Conflict with Spain and
defeat of Spanish Armada (1588).
Gentry: Factors leading to the Rise of Gentry, Rural Gentry, Urban Gentry; James I: The
Doctrine of Divine (1625-1714) Right.

UNIT-III
Arbitrary Government under Charles I., Conflict Between the King and the Parliament.
The Civil War (1642-45) in England and its progress; The Constitutional Experiments of
Oliver Cromwell; His Domestic Policy. Foreign Policy of Cromwell and His Fall.

UNIT-IV
Restoration in England under Charles II (1660-1685); James II and the Monmouth’s
Rebellion (1685); Tyranny of James-II (1685-88) and his measures. The Glorious Revolution
and the Bill of Rights (1689); Causes and Consequences.

Course Outcome:
After going through this course the students would have learnt about the different aspects of
Political and administrative history of England under the Tudors and Stuarts. It would have
also contributed to enhance the general understanding about the history of England.

Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
1. Warner & Marten : Ground Work of British History, Blackie and Son,
London, 1926.
2. AL Morton : People's History of England, Lawrence &Wishart,
London, 1945.
3. Carter E.H.S. & R.A.F.Mears: History of Britain 1485 A.D. to Present Day, 3rd ed.,
Subject Pubs. Delhi, 1960.
4. D. Richards & A Quick : Britain under Tudors and Stuarts, Longman, London, 1958.
5. G.R.Elton : Tudor England under the Tudors, Mothuen& Company,
London, 1962.
6. Reed Brett : Tudor Century, Harrap, London, (1485-1603), London, 1962.
7. Maurice Ashley : Great Britain to 1688, A Modern History, Michigon
University Press, 1961.
8. Roger Lockyer : Tudor and Stuart Britain (471-1714), 2d ed., Longman,
London, 1964
9. Christopher Hill : Reformation to Industrial Revolution, Pelican Economic
History of Britain (1530-1780), Vol.IIWeidenfeld,
London, 1967.
10. Peter Mathias : First Industrial Nation, An Economic History of Britain,
1700-1914, Methuen, London, 1969.
11. C and D Roberts : A History of England, (Chapters IX-XV), Plenlice Hall,
New Jersey, 1985.
12. G.R. Elton : Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government
Papers and reviews, Vol.I&
II, 1946-1972, Cambridge University Press, London, 1974.
13. Anthony Goodman : History of England from Adward II to James I, Longman,
London, 1977.
14. R.H. Tawney : The Agrarian Problem in the Sixteenth Century, Oxford
University Press, London, 1912.
ARTICLES:
1. R.H. Tawney : ‘The Rise of the Gentry’, c.1558-1640, pub., Economic History
Review, Ist series, 1941.
2. John Thirsk : ‘The Restoration Land Settlement’, Journal of Modern
History, Vol.26 1954
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh

B.A. Semester III

Title of the Course: HISTORY OF WEST AND CENTRAL ASIA: CHINGIZ TO TIMUR
Course Code: HSBOMJ3003
Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Major Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 2L+1T End Sem. 70
Credit 02
Teachers: Dr. Syed Ali Kazim
Dr. Fazila Shahnawaz (WC)

Course Objectives:
1. To acquaint the students with history and society, nomadic and semi nomadic
empires;
2. To understand how the sedentary societies succumbed to the onslaught of
nomadic societies;
3. To understand the consequential changes after the fall of civilization.

UNIT-I
Sources of Central Asian History: a brief introduction. Mongol Empire under Chingiz
Khan: Conquest of Central Asia and Persia. Chingiz Khan’s succession; Military
Organization; State Structure; Religious Policy; Yasa. Economic and Cultural
Consequences of Mongol Hegemony.

UNIT-II
Establishment and expansion of Il-Khanid Rule in Iran; The Il-Khanid State and its
Culture; Persian literature and historiography of the period.

UNIT-III
Rise of Timur in Transoxiana; Campaigns and conquests of Amir Timur; Central Asia,
Persia, Caucasus, Turkey and India; Military System; Religious Policy; Chief features of
Timurid State Structure.
UNIT-IV

The Later History of Timurid Empire till Fall of Herat to Safavids; Development of Arts
and architecture; Persian Literature: Hafiz; Rise of Turki Literature

Course Outcomes:
• Comprehending the factors for the rise and expansion of Mongol Empire and its
ramifications for the history and society of West and Central Asia.
• Understanding the culmination of nomadic movements in the form of the
emergence of Timur.
• Introduction of the history and culture of the later Timurid Empire.

Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
Saunders, J.J. The History of the Mongol conquests, London, 1971.
Paul, Ratchnershy Genghis Khan, Oxford 1991.
Morgan, David The Mongols, Oxford, 1986.
Prawdin, M. Mongol Empire its rise and legacy, London, 1940.
Haqqi, S. A. H. Chingiz Khan, The Life and Legacy of an Empire Builder, New
Delhi, 2013.
Manz, B.F. Rise and Rule of Tamerlane, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Barthold, V. History of Turkistan, London, 1968.
Bosworth (ed.) History of the Civilization of Central Asia, UNESCO, Vol. IV (2
pts.), 2000.
Browne Literary History of Persia (relevant portions), Cambridge, 1951-53.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: MODERN INDIA 1707-1857
Course Code: HSBOMN3004
Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Minor Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T
Credit 04
Teachers: Dr. Saifullah Saifi/Dr. Gulrukh Khan
Dr. Farah Saif Abidin (WC)
Course Objectives:
• To familiarize students with the various theories associated with the decline of
Mughal Empire.
• To acquaint the students with socio-political and economic history of India during
18th and 19th century British India.
• To know the Resistance of the Indians against the oppressive British policies.
Unit-I
India on the eve of British Conquest:
Decline of the Mughal Empire: Factors and theories; Emergence of Successor States: Hyderabad,
Bengal and Awadh.
Anglo-French Rivalry: Carnatic Wars.
Conquest of Bengal: Battle of Plassey and Buxar, Assumption of Diwani Rights, Dual
Government System.
Rise of Marathas under Peshwasu upto 1761.
Third battle of Panipat: Factors and Consequences.
Unit II
Colonial Conquests:
Consolidation and Expansion of British Empire: Brief Discussion; Anglo-Mysore Wars,
Anglo-Maratha Wars; Indian States from Subsidiary Alliances to Paramountcy 1798-1857,
Doctrine of Lapse: Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur and Oudh.
Unit III
Colonial Economy:
Land Revenue Settlements: Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari Settlement of Madras and
Bombay Presidency and Mahalwari Settlement.
Drain of Wealth: Tribute: Phases, Mechanisms and Consequences; Deindustrialization and
Deurbanization.
Railways: Objectives and impact; Commercialization of Agriculture.
Unit IV
Early Indian Response:
Socio-Religious Movements: Raja Rammohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj; Abolition of Sati,
Suppression of Thugee, Abolition of Slavery; Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: Widow
Remarriage Act; Education Policy: 1834-57: Orientalist and Anglicist Controversy,
Macaulay’s Minutes, Charles Wood’s Dispatch on Education; Sir Syed Ahmad Khan &
Aligarh Movement.
Uprisings before 1857: Peasant and Tribal Resistance: Sanyasi and Faraizi Rebellion; Tribal
Insurrections.
Revolt of 1857: Factors, Nature and Repression.
Course Outcomes:
After the completion of the course, students would be able to understand--
• The clear picture of the exploitative British government and their hidden agenda behind the so
called generous policies.
• The Indian response to the British criticism of social backwardness of Indians and the struggle
of social reformers to bring changes from within.
• Development of Indian Education System, oppression of peasant and tribal groups and their
response and the nature of 1857 revolt.
Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
1. Banerji, A. C., & - Comprehensive history of India: Vol. 8. New Delhi: Publication
Ghosh, D. K. House, 1978.
2. Dodwell, H. H. - The Cambridge history of India: Vol. 5. New Delhi: S. Chand &
Co.,1968.
3. Chand, T. - History of the freedom movement in India: Vols. I & II. New Delhi:
Publication Division, 1990.
4. Dutt, R. C. - The economic history of India: Vol. I. New Delhi: Publications
Division, 1990. (Original work published 1902-1904)
5. Sarkar, S. C., & - Modern Indian history. Allahabad: Indian Press, 1967.
Dutta, K. K.
6. Dutt, R. P. - India today. Calcutta: Manisha Granthalaya, 1970.
7. Brown, J. M. - Modern India: The origins of an Asian democracy. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1994.
8. Bandhopadhyay, S. - From Plassey to partition: A history of modern India. Hyderabad:
Orient Longman, 2004.
9. Marshall, P. J. - The eighteenth century in Indian history: Evolution or revolution?.
New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
10. Farooqui, A. - The establishment of British rule in India (1757-1813). New Delhi:
Tulika Books, 2014.
11. Habib, I. - Indian economy under early British rule (1757-1857). New Delhi:
Tulika Books, 2013.
12. Majumdar, R. C. - British paramountcy and Indian renaissance: Part IX. Bombay:
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1963.
13. Smith, V. A. - The Oxford history of India: From the earliest times to the end of
1911. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958.
14. Banerji Dubey, I. - A history of modern India. New Delhi: Pearson. 2014.
15. Subramaniyam, L. - History of India, 1707-1857. New Delhi: Orient Black swan, 2012.
16 Naoroji, D. - Poverty and un-British rule in India. London: Swan Sonnenschein
& Co.,1901.
17. Joshi, P. C. - Eighteen fifty-seven: A symposium. New Delhi: People's Publishing
House, 1957.
18. Hasan, M. - History of Tipu Sultan. New Delhi: Aakar Books, 1971.
19. Boden Powell, B. H. - The Land-systems of British India: Being a manual of the land-
tenures and of the systems of land-revenue administration prevalent
in the several provinces. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1892.
20. Mishra, G. - An Economic History of modern India. New Delhi: Pragati
Publications, 1985.
21. Majumdar, R. C., & - An Advanced history of India. London: Macmillan, 1978.
Rajchaudhary, H. C.
22. Kaye, J. W. - The Administration of the East India Company: A history of Indian
progress. London: Richard Bentley, 1853.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U. Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: ECONOMIC HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA (1200-1500)
Course Code: HSBOMN3005 Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Minor Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 2L+1T Credit 02
Teachers: Dr. Nazer Aziz Anjum/Dr. Zeyaul Haque
Dr. Arshia Shafqat (WC)
Course Objectives:
• To familiarize the students with the Indian economy and society before the Turkish
conquest and the nature and outlook of the Turkish Ruling Class.
• To develop an understanding on the rural agrarian structure and the working of the land
revenue system under the Sultans.
• To know the evolution of the Iqta system and the distribution of economic resources
among the Turkish nobility.
• To impart the students the knowledge about the development of trade and commerce
during Turkish rule in India and the nature of economic development in the Vijayanagar
empire.
UNIT – I
1. Economic condition on the eve of establishment of the Delhi Sultanate.
2. Feudal Debate: A brief survey, decline of trade, paucity of coins and urban decay.
3. Impact of Turkish invasion on the Indian economy.

UNIT – II
1. Agrarian Economy: Land Revenue, mode of assessment, (crop sharing and
measurement), Relief measures.
2. Rural aristocracy; khuts, muqaddams, chaudharis.
3. Distribution of Revenue Resources (Iqta, Khalisa and Land grants)
UNIT – III
1. Developments in Technology, Non-Agriculture Production.
2. Trade and Commerce; Commercial Classes and Transport.
3. Urban Centres.
UNIT – IV
1. Alauddin Khalji and Price regulations.
2. Currency System in the Delhi Sultanate; Token currency.
3. Survey of Deccan and South Indian Economy.

Course Outcomes:
• The course will enable the students to understand and analyze the economic condition
prevailing in India before the establishment of the Turkish rule.
• The economic measures taken by the Turks and to examine the changes and the
development in the Indian society.

Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
DD Kosambi : Introduction to the Study of Indian History, Popular Publication, Bombay,
1975, (Chapters IX & X).
RS Sharma : Indian Feudalism, AD 300- 1200, Macmillan, Delhi, 1980. (Chapters I, V & VI).
,, : Urban Decay in India, C. 300- C. 1000, Munshi ram Manohar, New Delhi, 1987.
B.N.S. Yadav : Society and Culture in North India in the Twentieth Century, Central Book
Depot, Allahabad, 1973.
DN Jha (ed.) : Feudal Social Formation in Early India, Delhi, 1987.
M. Habib : Introduction to Elliot and Dowson, II (Aligarh reprint).
KM Ashraf : Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan, Jiwan Prakashan, Delhi, 1959.
WH Moreland : Agrarian System of Moslem India, Central Book Depot, Delhi, 1968
(Chapters I, II & II; also, Appendix-B).
Mahalingam : Social and Economic Life of the Vijaynagar Empire.
Tapan Ray Chaudhuri &: Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. I, CUP, New Delhi, (relevant chapters).
Irfan Habib
R.H. Major (ed.) : India in the Fifteenth Century, Deep Publication, Delhi, 1974.
H. Nelson Wright : Coinage and Metrology of the Sultans of Delhi, Govt. of India, Delhi, 1936.
JS Deyall : Living without Silver: The Monetary History of Early Medieval North-India,
Delhi, 1990.
Irfan Habib, et. al. : Economic History of Medieval India (1200-1500) Pearson/Longman, Delhi, 2011.
R.M. Eaton : India in the Persinate Age, 2020.
Radhika Ka Seshan : Ideas and Institutions in Medieval India, Orient Blacksawn, 2013.

ARTICLES:

Irfan Habib : ‘Technological Changes and Society (13th & 14th Centuries)’, (Presidential
Address, Medieval India Section, Proceeding of Indian History Congress,
December, 1969).
----do---- : ‘Economic History of the Delhi Sultanate – An Essay in Interpretation’, (The
Indian Historical Review, Jan. 1978, vol. IV, No.2, pp. 287-303).
----do---- : ‘Price Regulations of Alauddin Khalji’, I.E.S.H.R., vol. 24 (4), 1984.
----do---- : ‘Social Distribution of Landed Property in Pre-British India’, Enquiry, New
Series, vol. II, No.3, 1965.
----do---- : ‘Society and Economical Changes, 1200-1500’, Seminar, Social and
Economic Changes in Northern India, University of Kurukshetra, 1981.
BNS Ypadav : ‘Immobility and Subjection of Indian Peasantry in Early Medieval Complex’,
The Indian Historical Review, vol.I, No.1, pp.16-22, March, 1974.
AJ Qaiser : ‘The Role of Brokers in Medieval India’, Indian History Congress,
Chandigarh, 1973.
IH Siddiqui : ‘Money and Social Change’, Indian History Congress, Symposium paper,
Delhi, 1995.
----do---- : ‘Social Mobility in the Delhi Sultanate’, Medieval India, I.
Shireen Moosvi : `Numismatic Evidence and the Economic History of the Delhi Sultanate’,
Proceedings IHC, Golden Jubilee Session, Gorakhpur, 1989.
Shaikh A. Latif : `The Iqta System under the Early Sultans of Delhi’, (cyclostyled), Indian
History Congress, 1975.
Habib & Nizami : ‘Comprehensive History of India: Delhi Sultanate’, Vol.V.
Al-Beruni : ‘Al-Beruni’s India’, tr. Sachan.
Satish Chandra : ‘Medieval India’, Vol.I.
 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U. Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: Medieval India: Art & Culture (c. 1200-1500 A.D.)
Course Code: HSBOGE3006
Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Generic Elective Course Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T End Sem. 70
Credit 04
Teachers: Dr. Fazila Shahnawaz
Dr. Mohd. Zafar Minhaj (WC)
Course Objectives: The main objectives of this course are:
1. To familiarize learners with various aspects of Medieval Indian art and Culture during the Sultanate period.
2. To highlight significant cultural developments of the period.
3. The whole scope of the course is to discuss building complexes, literature, music and other aspects of the
Sultanate period i.e. from c.1200 to 1500 A.D., within its historical context.
UNIT-I
Art and Architecture:
1. Evolution of Indo-Islamic Architecture: Early Turkish to Lodis; Techniques, Style and
Material.
2. Regional Style of Architecture: Gujarat, Malwa, Jaunpur, Bengal and Vijaynagar.
3. Music under Delhi Sultans.
UNIT-II
Education, Language and Literature:
1. Language and Literature: Sanskrit; Persian; Regional Languages; Emergence of Hindawi:
Amir Khusrau.
2. Education system; Position of women.
UNIT-III
Science, Technology and crafts:
1. Agricultural and Textile technology; Military technology; paper making and bookbinding;
Glass manufacturing; Shipbuilding and Distillation.
2. Sciences: Thakkura Pheru and Sciences; Astronomy and astrology; Medical Sciences.

UNIT-IV
Socio-Religious Movements:
1. Bhakti Movement: Ramananda, Kabir and Nanak.
2. Sufi Movement: Chishti and Suhrawardi Silsilahs.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Shaikh Abdur Rashid, Society and Culture in Medieval India (1206-1526 A.D.), Calcutta, 1969.
K. M. Ashraf, Life and Conditions of the people of Hindustan, Delhi, 1959.
Raychaudhari & Majmudar, An Advanced History of India (Part II and III)
Ziauddin Desai, Indo-Islamic Architecture, New Delhi, 1970.
Percy Brown, Indian Architecture (Islamic Period), Mumbai, 1997
R. Nath, History of Sultanate Architecture, New Delhi, 1978
Yusuf Hussain, Glimpses of Medieval Indian Culture, New Delhi.
Khalique Ahmad Nizami, Some Aspects of Religion and Politics in India during Thirteenth Century, Delhi, 1974.
Khalique Ahmad Nizami, State and Culture in Medieval India, New Delhi, 1985.
-------------------------------, Studied in Medieval Indian History and Culture, Allahabad, 1966.
Iqtidar Hussain Siddiqui, Composite Culture under the Sultanate of Delhi, Delhi, 2012.
Syed Sabahuddin Abdur Rahman, Amir Khusrau as a Genius, Delhi, 1982.
Mohammad Wahid Mirza, The Life and Works of Amir Khusrau, Calcutta, 1985.
Syed Hasan Askari, Amir Khusrau: As a Historian, Patna, 1992
Irfan Habib, Medieval India: The Study of a Civilization, New Delhi, 2008.
Muzaffar Alam, Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries, 1400–1800, Cambridge, 2007.
Muhammad Qamaruddin, Society and Culture in Early Medieval India (712-1526), Delhi, 1985.
Tara Chand, Influence of Islam on Indian Culture, Allahabad, 1979.
S. M. Jaffar, Some Cultural Aspects of Muslim Rule in India, Peshawar, 1950.
S. A. A. Rizvi, The Wonder that was India, 1200-1700, Volume II, New Delhi, 2005.
Thakkura Pheru, Rayanaparikkha: A Medieval Prakrit Text on Gemmology, ed. Sreeramula
Rajeswara Sarma, Aligarh, 1984.
--------------------, Dhatupatti, ed. V. S. Agrawala, The Journal of Uttar Pradesh Historical Society,
Vol. XXIV-XXV (1951-52).
--------------------, Ganitasarakaumudi: The Moonlight of the Essence of Mathematics, Introduction,
Translation and Mathematical Commentary by SaKHYa (Sreeramula Rajeswara
Sarma, Takanori Kusuba, Takao Hayashi and Michio Yano), New Delhi, 2009.
--------------------, Vastusara, ed. Pt. Bhagwan Das, Jaipur.
R. M.Chopra, The Rise, Growth and Decline of Indo-Persian Literature, New Delhi, 2012.
A. Fuhrer, The Monumental Antiquities and Inscriptions in the North-Western Provinces and
Oudh, Vol. II, Varansi, 1969.
------------, Sharqi Architecture of Jaunpur, Varansi, 1971.
Muhammad Habib, Politics and Society during the Early Medieval Period, Vol. II, Delhi, 1981.
S. M. Jaffar, Education in Muslim India, Delhi, 1973.
N. N. Law, Promotion of Learning in India during the Muhammadan rule by the
Mohammedans, London, 1916.
Articles:
Syed Sabahuddin Abdur Rahman, ‘Glimpses of Indo-Persian Literature’, Indo-Iranica, Vol. X, No. 2, June 1957.
----------, ‘Amir Khusrau as a Genius’, Indo-Iranica, Vol. XXX, No. 1-2, March-June
1977.
R. K. Dube, ‘Copper Production Process as Described in an early Fourteenth Century Prakrit
Text composed by Thakkura Pheru’, Indian Journal of History of Science, Vol.
41, 2006.
-----------, ‘The Extraction of Lead from its Ores by the Iron-Reduction Process: A
Historical Perspective’, The Journals of the Minerals, Metals and Materials
Society, 58.10, 2006.
G. H. Khare ‘Dravyapariksha of Thakkura Pheru-a study’, JNSI, Vol. 28, 1966.
S. R. Sarma, ‘Thakkura Pheru and the popularisation of sciences in India in the 14th
Century’, Sri Bhanwar Lal Nahata Abhinandan Grantha, (Shri Bhanwar Lal
Nahata Samaroh Samiti) Calcutta, pt. 4, Calcutta, 1986.
Fazila Shahnawaz, Thakkura Pheru: A Genius of the Fourteenth Century Northern India, Ateet- A
Journal of History and Archaeology (A Peer Reviewed Journal), Vol. VII. No.
1-2, December 2018.
S. R. Sarma, ‘A Jain Assayer at the Sultan’s Mint: Thakkura Pheru and his Dravyapariksa’, in
Jaina Studies, ed. Jayandra Soni, New Delhi.
Nazir Ahmad, ‘The Labjat-i-Sikandar Shahi, A unique and Exhaustive Book on Indian Music
of The Time of Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517)’, Proc. I. H. C., 1953.
Dharma Bhanu, ‘Promotion of Music by Turko-Afghan rulers of India’, Islamic Culture, Vol.
29, no. 1, 1955.
Francoise ‘Nalini’ Delvoye, ‘Indo-Persian Accounts on Music Patronage in the Sultanate of Gujarat’, in The
Making of Indo-Persian Culture, ed. Muzaffar Alam, New Delhi, 2000.
Khursheed Nurul Hasan, ‘Ghunyat-ul-Munya (the earliest Persian manuscript on Indian Music)’, Proc. I.
H. C., Delhi, 1961.
Syed Hasan Askari, ‘Medicines and Hospitals in Muslim India’, Proc. I.H.C., 1957
Dileep Karanth, ‘Amir Khusrau’s Contributions to Indian Music: A Preliminary Survey’,
Sangeet Natak, Vol. XLII, No. 4, 2008.
D. V. Chauhan, ‘Sanskrit Influence on Amir Khusrau’, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental
Research Institute, Vol. 51, No. 1-4, 1970.
Fazila Shahnawaz, Patronage Extended to Music by Delhi Sultans and their Nobles, On History and
Archaeology: An Analytical Approach (ed.) Omprakash Srivastav, Germany,
2012.
-----------------------, Science of Astronomy and Astrology in Delhi Sultanate, Narratives of the Shared
Past: Gangetic Valley through the Millennium, (ed.) S. N. R. Rizvi, New Delhi,
2016.
 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA
Course Code: HSBOGE3007
Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Generic Elective Course Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T End Sem. 70
Credit 04
Teachers: Prof. Mohd Parwaz

Course Objectives:
• Understand the evolution of the discipline of Environmental History in Indian Historiography.
• Analyze the trajectories of transition in the environments from pre-modern periods
contemporary times.
• Evaluate the relationship between the colonial environmental policies and indigenous
communities.
• Demonstrate a sense of responsibility towards idea of sustainable development for the future
generations.
UNIT : I
1. Environment and Ecology; why Environmental History; Environmental histories:
Origins and core issues; colonial perspectives and historiography.
2. Indian environmental history- The Physical Geography of India: main features and
regions.
3. Locating early societies and economies; iron, forest clearance and the expansion
of agriculture.
4. Pre-colonial attitude towards the natural world; sacred groves; emergence of
political state monopolies- the Mauryas, the Guptas.

UNIT: II
1. The physical Environment.
2. Mughal Rulers attitude towards forest and environment.
3. Famine and Epidemic, Population and Agriculture, New Crops.
4. The medieval canal irrigation; ship building, royal huntingAnimal use , Forest and
Wildlife.
UNIT : III
1. The changed scenario- the advent of the Europeans- Colonialism as a watershed in
Indian environmental history.
2. Mapping and categorizing-governing landscapes; Land Use: Tribute and
De-industrialization. Resulting pressure on agriculture.
3. Population: Growth, occupational division. Disease and famine.
4. Agricultural expansion and land degradation. Crisis in animal husbandry.
UNIT : IV
1. Conditions of work in mining and industry and its impact on environment.
2. Railways and assault on forest for timber and retreat of Indian deforestation.
3. Forest legislations, Forestry policies of colonial regime: effect on forest
communities.
4. Destruction of Wild Life and its impact on biodiversity.
Course Outcomes :
• Assignment Seminar, Analyze the trajectories of transition in the environments from pre
modern periods to contemporary times.
• Seminar to evaluate the relationship between the colonial environmental policies and the
indigenous communities.
• Demonstrate a sense of responsibility towards idea of sustainable development for the future
generations.
• Locates the environmental movements in Postcolonial India and its relations in contemporary
times.
• Prepare a research design using the theoretical frames of Environmental History.

Evaluation : 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam

Reference List
Irfan Habib : Man and Environment the Ecological History of India, Tulika,
New Delhi 5th ed.2017.
Irfan Habib : Pre-History, Tulika, New Delhi, 2001.
Ranjan Chakraborti : Does Environmental History Matter?, Kolkata, 2007.
Agarwal, Bina : A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994
Agarwal, Arun : Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making
of Subjects Duke University Press, 2005
Arnold, David, &
Guha, Ramachandra, (eds.): Nature, Culture, Imperialism: Essays on the Environmental
History of South Asia, Oxford University Press, Delhi 1995
Baviskar, Amita : In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflict over Development in
the Narmada Valley , Oxford University Press, Delhi 1995
Bhattacharya, Neeladri: The Great Agrarian Conquest: The Colonial Reshaping of a Rural World,
Permanent Black, Delhi 2018
Deborah, Sutton, : Other Landscapes: Colonialism and the Predicament of Authority in
19th Century South India, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2009
Brandis, Dietrich : Indian Forestry, Oriental University Institute, 1897,
Cleghorn, Hugh, : The Forest and Gardens of South India, W.H.Allen and Company,
London, 1861.
Gadgil, Madhav, &
Guha, Ramachandra : This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India , Oxford
University Press, Delhi 1992
Guha, Ramachandra : The Unquiet Woods: Ecological Change and Peasant Resistance in
Himalayas, Permanent Black, Delhi 2009
Guha, Sumit, : Environment and Ethnicity in India 1200-1991, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge 1999.
Hughes, Julie, Animal Kingdoms: Hunting, the Environment, and Power in the Indian States,
Permanent Black, Delhi 2013.
Philip, Kavitha : Civilizing Natures: Race, Resources, and Modernity in Colonial South
India (New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2003)
Rangarajan, Mahesh : Fencing the Forest: Conservation and Ecological Change in India’s
Central Provinces, 1860-1914, Oxford University Press, Delhi 1996.
Rangarajan, Mahesh : Nature and the Nation, Permanent Black, Delhi 2015.
Rangarajan, Mahesh &
Sivaramakrishnan, K. : India’s Environmental History: From Ancient Time to the Colonial
Period, Vol.1, Permanent Black, Delhi 2012.
Singh, Chetan : Natural Premises: Ecology and Peasant Life in the Western Himalayas
1800-1950 , Oxford University Press, Delhi 1998.
Sivaramakrishnan, K.,: Modern Forests: State making and Environmental Change in Colonial
Eastern India , Oxford University Press, Delhi 1999.
Skaria, Ajay : Hybrid Histories: Forests, Frontiers and Wilderness Western India,
Oxford University Press, Delhi 1999.
Stebbing, E.P., : The Forests of India , John Lane the Bodley Head Limited, London 1861
Sundar, Nandini : Subalterns and Sovereigns: An Anthropological History of Bastar,
1854-1996 Oxford University Press, Delhi 1997.
Vora, Rajendra : The World’s First Anti-Dam Movement: The Mulshi Satyagraha
1920-1924 Permanent Black, Ranikhet 2009.
Whitcombe, Elizabeth: Agrarian Conditions in Northern India: The United Province under
British Rule, 1860-1900, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1972.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: GENDER IN INDIAN HISTORY: THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Course Code: HSBOGE3008
Course Category: Generic Elective Course Max. Marks 100
Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T End Sem. 70
Teachers: Prof. Shadab Bano (WC) Credit 04
Dr. Lubna Irfan

Course Objectives:
The paper introduces the concepts and theories to sharpen the understanding of gender and
patriarchy as socially and culturally constituted and varying across societies and cultures. The
politics of gender in historiography will appraise the students regarding the invisibility of
women in history and also the problematic focus on women in colonial narrative. The focus
in this course however is not only to study ‘women’s history’ but also masculinities and other
gender category and the relations to larger power and social structure. This will examine the
developments over the period from early Indian history to 1700.
UNIT I
Understanding Gender and Patriarchy: Theories and concepts; Gender a tool of historical
analysis; Understanding structures and origins of patriarchy.

UNIT II
Historiography of Gender and Women’s History: Colonial and nationalist project;
Feminist intervention and women’s history; Engendering history.

UNIT III
Gender in Ancient India: Material production and economic roles; Political power and
courtly life; Household, religion and rituals.

UNIT IV
Gender in Medieval India: Work and property; Power and harem; Household, sharia and
marriage.

Course Outcomes: On completion of the course, we expect that the students from the non-
history background in this course will be able to
• understand the concepts of gender and patriarchy and the historical approach to the study
of gender.
• grasp the politics of representation of gender, the issues in early historiography and the
advances by feminist intervention.
• critically examine the developments across the temporal time frames of ancient and
medieval India with focus on the economic, political and social structures and processes.

Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam
Reading List:

01 V. Geetha : Gender, Calcutta: Stree, 2002.

02 J. W. Scott : Gender and the Politics of History. New York: Columbia University
Press, 1998.
03 Gerda Lerner : Creation of Patriarchy, New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
04 Gerda Lerner : The Majority Finds its Past: Placing Women in History. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1979.
05 Joan M. Gero & : Engendering Archaeology: Women and Pre- History, Wiley, United
Margaret Wright Conkey Kingdom, 1991.
06 Kumkum Roy : The Power of Gender and the Gender of Power: Explorations in
Early Indian History, OUP, New Delhi, 2010
07 Kumkum Roy : Women in Early Indian Societies, Manohar, New Delhi, 2002
08 Daud Ali : Courtly Culture and Political Life in Early Medieval India,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.
09 Shah, S. : The Making of Womanhood: Gender Relations in the Mahabharata.
Revised Edition, Delhi: Manohar, 2012.
10 Roy, Kumkum. : Emergence of Monarchy in North India, Eighth-Fourth Centuries
BC: As Reflected in the Brahmanical Tradition. Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1994.
11 Ramaswamy, V. : Walking Naked: Women and Spirituality in South India. Shimla:
Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1997.
12 Chakravarti, U. : Everyday Lives Every Day Histories: Beyond the Kings and
Brahmans of ‘Ancient’ India, Tulika Books, New Delhi, 2006.
13 Tyagi, J. : Engendering the Early Households, Brahmanical Precepts in early
Grhyasūtras, middle of the First millennium BCE. Delhi: Orient
Longman, 2008.
14 Gavin Hambly : Women in the Medieval Islamic World, St. Martin’s Press, New
York, 1998
15 Ruby Lal : Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2005.
16 A. Ali : ‘Women in Delhi Sultanate’. In The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Islam
and Women, Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 197-
200.
17 Farhat Hasan : State & Locality in Mughal India, Power Relations in Western India
c.1572-1730, CUP, New Delhi, 2006, Chap. V, ‘Women, Kin and
Sharia’.
18 Lisa Balabanlilar : ‘The Begums of the Mystic Feast: Turco-Mongol Tradition in the
Mughal Harem’. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 69, No.1,
February 2010.
19 Irfan Habib : ‘Exploring Medieval Gender History’, IHC symposium paper 2000
20 Shireen Moosvi : ‘Women in India’, UNESCO History of Civilization, Vols. V and VI
21 Shireen Moosvi : ‘Work and Gender in Mughal India’, People, Trade and taxation in
Mughal India, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2008
22 Shadab Bano : ‘Women and Property in Mughal India’, PIHC, 2008; ‘Marriage and
Concubinage in Mughal Imperial Family’, PIHC, 1998.
23 Shireen Ratnagar : ‘Women in Early Indian Societies’, New Delhi, 1999
24 Sukumar Bhattacharji : ‘Women and Society in Ancient India’, Calcutta, 1994.
25 Farhat Hasan : ‘Voices in Verses: Women’s Poetry and Cultural Memory in
Nineteenth Century India’, Cambridge University Press, Delhi, 2024.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: MEDIEVAL DELHI

Course Code: HSBOVA3009 Max. Marks 100

Course Category: VAC Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 2L-1T Credit 02
Teachers: Dr. Sana Aziz
Dr. Mohammad Nafeesh (WC)
Objective:

To familiarize students with the physical and social transformations of Delhi
corresponding with the changing political regimes during the medieval period.

To provide students a understanding of the history of the Delhi during medieval
period focusing on the evolution of the ‘seven cities’ that constitute the city of Delhi.

To learn about Delhi as a centre of art, culture and intellectual traditions.

UNIT-I
Sources for the Study of Delhi’s Medieval Past; Inscriptions; Accounts of the travelers;
Critical study of Asar-us-Sanadid, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’ role in documenting the
architectural heritage of Delhi’s medieval past.

UNIT-II

Development of Seven Cities in Delhi during the pre-Mughal period; making of Dihli-i
Kuhna and its significance; Delhi as an Imperial Capital during the Khilji Period: making of
Siri; Delhi as an Imperial Capital during the Tughluq Period: making of Tughluqabad;
Muhammad bin Tughluq’s Jahanpanah; Firuz Shah Tughluq’s Firuzabad and the city of Sher
Shah: Dinpanah

UNIT-III
The Qutb Complex: Quwwat ul Islam mosque and Qutb Minar.
Delhi as a Centre of Art and Culture: Architectural Developments, Emergence of Delhi as a
Sufi Centre

UNIT-IV
Delhi under the Mughals: the city of Shahjahanabad.
Cityscape of Shahjahanabad: Town planning, Qila e Mualla and Masjid e Jahanuma.

Learning Outcome: At the end of the course the students shall:

Understand the emergence of the Delhi as an imperial capital from the onset of the
twelfth century till the seventeenth century.

Understand how the geographic reshaping of Delhi during the medieval period led to
the development of an urban culture and the new economic systems.
Reading List:

1. Carr Stephen : Archaeological and Monumental Remains of Delhi, Simla,

1870
2. H.C. Fanshawe : Delhi Past and Present, London, 1902.
3. Mohammad Habib & : Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanate, Vol. 5,
Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.) People’s Publishing House, (reprint), 1982.

4. R.N. Munshi : History of the Kutub Minar, Delhi, (reprint), 2000.

5. Sunil Kumar : The Present in Delhi’s Past, Delhi, 2002.
6. Stephen P. Blake : Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India,
1639-1739, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
7. R.E. Frykenberg,(ed.) : Delhi Through the Ages: Selected Essays in Urban History,
Culture and Society, Oxford University Press, 1986.
8. Eckart Ehlers & : Shahjahanabad/Old Delhi: Tradition and Change, Manohar,
Thomas Krafft (ed.) Delhi, 1993.
 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY
Session: 2024-25 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester III
Title of the Course: An Introduction to Indian Archaeology

Course Code: HSBOVO3010 Max. Marks 100

Course Category: VOC Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 2L-1T Credit 02
Teacher: Dr. Aftab Alam

Objective: Course Objectives: The main objective is to introduce the undergraduate students
about the basics understanding of archaeology in general and Indian archaeology in
particular. The students will be aware of the definitions of archaeology, its basic concepts and
techniques by this course. It will also give an understanding of the field of Archaeology and
how to reconstruct history through the physical remains of the past. Familiarize students with
major archaeological sites and their unique contributions to Indian history.

Unit-I
Introduction to Indian Archaeology: Definition, objectives and scope; Development of
Archaeology in India; Archaeology its relations with other discipline: Social Sciences,
Natural Sciences and Physical Sciences.

Unit-II
Major branches of Archaeology: Prehistory, Proto-history, Historical Archaeology, Medieval
Archaeology; Methods in Archaeology - Exploration and Excavation Methods: Vertical and
Horizontal Excavations; Dating Methods in Archaeology: Relative Dating and Absolute
Dating: Carbon-14 Dating, Dendrochronology and Principles of Typology and Stratigraphy.

Unit III
Bronze Age Civilization: Origin, growth and decline; Introduction to Iron Age in India: Iron
Age of North India; Megalithic Culture of South India: A brief study.

Unit IV
Indian Epigraphy - Scope and use in History writing: Ancient script and writing materials;
Indian Numismatic - Scope and utility in History writing; Monuments as source of history.

Course Outcome: This paper will help the students to understand the other papers of ancient
Indian history where archaeology plays a very important role. They will be able to grasp the
ideas of ancient sites and human landscapes in a much meaningful manner.

Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Readings List:
01 Allchin, B.& R. : The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1982.
02 Atkinson, R. J. C. : Field Archaeology, Mathew and Co., London, 1953.

03 Bahn, P. & : Archaeology, Theories, Method and Practice, Thames & Hudson,
C. Renfrew (eds.) 2016.
04 Binford, L. R. : Archaeology as anthropology An Archaeological Perspective,
Academic Press, New York, 1972.

05 Chakrabarti, D. K. : India: An Archaeological History – Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early

Historic Foundation, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1999.

06 Chakrabarti, D. K. : The Oxford Companion to Indian Archaeology: The Archaeological

Foundations of Ancient India, Oxford University Press, USA, 2006.

07 Childe, V. Gordon : A Short Introduction to Archaeology, Collier, New York, 1960.

08 Childe, V. Gordon : What happened in History, Penguin Books, London, 1960.

09 Habib, I. : Prehistory, Manohar Publisher, New Delhi, 2002

10 Hodder, I. : Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in

Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, 1986.
11 Mohammad, S. : Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: A Political Biography, Meenakshi Prakashan,
Meerut, 1969.
12 Paddayya, K., : ‘Theoretical perspectives in Indian Archaeology- An historical
view’, in Theory and Archaeology – A world perspective, (ed.), Peter
J. Ucko, Routledge, London, 1995.
13 Piggot, S. : Approach to Archaeology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
1965.
14 Rajan, K. : Archaeology: Principles and Methods, Manno Pathippakam,
Tanjavur, 2002.
15 Raman, K. V. : Principles and Methods in Archaeology, Parthajan Publication,
Madras 1986.
16 Syed Ali Nadeem Rezavi : Fathpur Sikri Revisited, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2013.