EXPERIMENT no.4

EXPERIMENT: 4
Objective: Simulate Bridge Rectifier Circuit and validate on Bread Board or PCB.
a) Half Bridge b) Full Bridge
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S. No. Apparatus Type/range Quantity

1 PC loaded with MULTISIM - -
software.
2 Laser printer - -
3 Bread board with built in power 1
4 Diodes 1N 4007 4
5 CRO 20MHz 1
6 Decade Resistances box ---- 1
7 Digital Multimeter (DMM) ---- 1
8 DC Ammeter, (0-200mA) 1
9 CRO Probes ---- 1
10 Connecting Wires ---- 1
Theory:
Rectifier is an electronic circuit, which offers low resistance in one direction and high resistance
in opposite direction. Rectifiers are used to convert AC voltages and DC voltages and currents.
The output of a rectifier without filter is pulsating in nature. It consists of a DC component and
unwanted ripple (ac) component. These ripple components can be removed by use of filters. The
magnitude of DC output voltage may vary with the variation of either the input AC voltage or
with load current. There are two types of rectifier circuits, one is half wave rectifier and other is
full wave rectifier.
Half Wave rectifier:
In a half-wave rectifier circuit (Fig. 1), during the positive half-cycle of the input, the diode is
forward biased and conducts. Current flows through the load and a voltage is developed across it.
During the negative half-cycle, it is reverse bias and does not conduct. Therefore, in the negative
half cycle of the supply, no current flows in the load resistor as no voltage appears across it. Thus
the dc voltage across the load is sinusoidal for the first half cycle only and a pure a.c. input signal
is converted into a unidirectional pulsating output signal.
Electrical Circuit Design Lab By: Ram Singh , Assistant Professor EE JECRC Jaipur ramsingh.ee@jecrc.ac.in
1
Since the diode conducts only in one half-cycle (0-π), it can be verified that the d.c. component
in the output is Vmax/π, where Vmax is the peak value of the voltage. Thus,
Rectification Efficiency: Rectification efficiency, η, is a measure of the percentage of total a.c.

power input converted to useful d.c. power output.
η =0.406/1+(Rf /R L )
Maximum efficiency is 40.6%
2
Full wave rectifier:
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A full wave rectifier is a circuit, which converts AC voltages into a pulsating DC voltage using
both half cycle of the applied AC voltages. These are classified into centre-tapped full wave
rectifier and bridge rectifier. Efficiency of the full wave rectifier is given by
η = 0.812(1+(Rf /RL))
Maximum efficiency is 81.2%
Table(I): Full-wave rectifier
Simulation Circuit:
PCB Layout Circuit:
4
PROCEDURE:
1. Open MULTISIM Software, Click=> File => New => Design.
2. Click File => save as in Desk Top and rename the Design1 to your circuit name then save.
3. Go to Component TOOL BAR and select PLACE BASIC the components like Bridge diode
capacitor, regulator resistor, LED, click POWER Icon select voltage regulator and connect as per
given circuit diagram and save it.
4. Test the circuit with simulation RUN button.
5. Remove transformer, Power source and output multi-meter with replacement of connector
from PLACE CONNECTOR icon.
6. Change Properties of the all component into PCB Mode.
7. Set the Track width = 30 mils, trace to trace and trace to pad = 10 mils, Go to Transfer icon =>
Transfer to Ultiboard 12.0 then save the file and got Import net list and click ok.
8. Go to OPTIONS icon Select PCB Properties icon and select copper layers Click properties untick
routing click ok for single side PCB.
9. Select all components into Board Outline and make small pcb size with the help of board
Outline.
10. Click Auto route icon then click auto router to make PCB Layout.
11. Finally print the PCB Layout with help of printer.
RESULT: Thus the design of a single sided PCB Layout for Bridge rectifier circuit with
MULTISIM software CAD tool was done.
https://youtu.be/IS4OHn2N3hg
VIVA QUESTIONS:-
1. Define regulation of the full wave rectifier?
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2. Define peak inverse voltage (PIV)? And write its value for Full-wave rectifier?
3. If one of the diode is changed in its polarities what wave form would you get?
4. Does the process of rectification alter the frequency of the waveform?
5. What is ripple factor of the Full-wave rectifier?
6. What is the necessity of the transformer in the rectifier circuit?
7. What are the applications of a rectifier?
8. What is meant by ripple and define Ripple factor?
9. Explain how capacitor helps to improve the ripple factor?
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EXPERIMENT: 4

S. No. Apparatus Type/range Quantity

Rectification Efficiency: Rectification efficiency, η, is a measure of the percentage of total a.c.

PCB Layout Circuit:

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