GPSC English Magazine Jan to Oct 2023

Table of Contents
GENERAL STUDIES – 1
HISTORY & CULTURE
1. Saurashtra Tamil Sangam
2. Gujarat’s Harappan Necropolis
3. Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati
4. Siddi Dhamal
5. ‘Samuhik Shramdan’ and ‘Swachhata Hi Seva Abhiyan’ - Gandhi Jayanti
6. Same-Sex marriage
7. Dhordo Village gets 'best tourism village' title
GEOGRAPHY
1. Disaster Management during Cyclone Biparjoy
2. Flash Floods
3. Conocarpus Trees
4. Mangroves
5. El-Nino
6. Indian Ocean Dipole
7. Wildfires/Forest-Fires
8. Vanadium discovered in Gujarat
9. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors
10. Ramsar Sites/Wetlands of Gujarat
Indian Polity, Public Administration and Governance
1. Good Governance in Gujarat
2. Gujarat Public Universities Bill-2023
3. Antyodaya Shramik Suraksha Yojana
4. Gujarat’s new City Civic Centres
5. ‘National e-Vidhan Application’ (NeVA) project
6. Gujarat Local Bodies (Amendment) Bill – Kothari Commission
7. Gujarati to be taught mandatorily in Gujarat schools for classes 1-8
8. The Bill - Gujarat Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2023
9. Ayushman Bhav Campaign was launched
10. Administrative reforms in India
11. Mission Karmayogi
12. Uniform Civil Code
13. The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
14. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Act 2023
15. Nari Shakti Vandana Adhiniyam 2023
16. Simultaneous Election – One Nation One Election
17. Collegium System
18. Police Reforms
19. Junagadh has become the first district in Gujarat to introduce Health ATMs.
Ethics
1. Mahatma Gandhi’s concept of 7 Sins
2. Probity in Governance
Economy, Science and Technology, Environment, Government of Gujarat Policies and
Important Global Indices
1. Shala Praveshotsav 2023
2. Mission school of Excellence
3. Mukhyamantri Gyan Setu Merit Scholarship Yojana
4. Mukhya Mantri Gyan Sadhna Scholarship Scheme
5. Swami Vivekananda Gyan Shakti Residential Schools
6. Sainik School at Boriyavi, Mehsana
7. U-20 Mayoral Summit
8. Swarnim Jayanti Mukhyamantri Shaheri Vikas Yojana
9. Micron’s Semiconductor Plant to be set up at Sanand GIDC
10. Rajkot International Airport at Hirasar
11. Gujarat Budget at a Glance
12. Cinematic Tourism Policy for Gujarat 2022-27
13. Gujarat Electronics Policy 2022-28
14. PM-Mitra Park
15. Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit 2024
16. The Drone Promotion and Usage Policy
17. Gujarat Renewable Energy Policy 2023
18. Gujarat State Biotechnology (BT) Policy 2022-27
19. Employment and Skilling opportunities in Gujarat
20. One District One Product (ODOP)
21. WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit 2023
22. Gandhinagar Declaration
23. SAUNI Yojana
24. Sujalam Sufalam Jal Abhiyan
25. Van Kavach
26. World Lion Day 2023 celebrated in Gandhinagar in the presence of Gujarat CM
27. Nature Education and Ecotourism Camp Site at Balaram, Banaskantha
28. Junagadh civic body gets water credits for rainwater harvesting
29. National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission
30. India MedTech Expo 2023
31. World Space Week
32. National Multidimensional Poverty Index
33. Global Multidimensional Poverty Index
34. Global Innovation Index
35. Global Gender Gap Report 2023
36. Export Preparedness Index
37. Ethanol Blending
38. Caste based Census
One Liners for Prelims Value addition material

Fast Track 125 – One Liners Express Origin of the Israel-Palestine Conflict
History and Culture
Saurashtra Tamil Sangam
News: The Saurashtra Tamil Sangam was held earlier in the year under the ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’
program, which aims to promote the unity and diversity of India.
What is Saurashtra Tamil Sangam?
• The Saurashtra Tamil Sangam is a cultural event that celebrates the connection between the
Saurashtra region of Gujarat and the Tamil-speaking community that migrated from there centuries
ago.
• The event is part of the ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’ program, which aims to promote the unity and
diversity of India.
• The Saurashtra Tamil Sangam will showcase the art, culture, cuisine, handlooms, handicrafts, and
literature of both Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
• It will also feature cultural performances, such as classical dance and music, folk music, concerts, and
debates and seminars on the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Who are Saurashtrian Tamils? Why did they migrate?
• Saurashtrian Tamils were originally
Saurashtrian Brahmins who were
settled in Prabhas Patan-Somnath
regions.
• After the invasion on Somnath by
Ghazni in 1024 AD and Khilji in 1300 AD,
they were forced to migrate. They
migrated through sea routes of
Bharuch and Surat to Lat region.
• Their main occupation is Weaving. The
Kanjivaram Saree is still admired today
and the community that makes the
Saree is the Saurashtrian Brahmins.
• The first systematic research on Saurashtra Tamils was done in 1954 by Dr. Ishwarbhai R. Dave. When
he went to Tamil Nadu, the population of Saurashtrian Tamils was two and half lakhs.
What is the significance of Saurashtra-Tamil Sangam?
• It will present to nation the lesson of brotherhood and unity in diversity.
• It will facilitate closer cultural ties between the 2 states. For example, events such as Kutch
embroidery workshops, Tamil Kalamkari, applique work and wooden art will be showcased.
DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

• Clothes and craft items can be bought and sold. Artisan’s will get exposure to trade opportunities.
• Different paintings, performing arts, music, drama, literature etc were performed as part of the
Sangam.
Gujarat’s Harappan Necropolis
News: Excavations at one of the biggest necropolises at Juna Khatiya village (Kutch, Gujarat) show rows of
graves with valuable items such as Ceramic pots, beaded jewellery, animal bones etc.
What is a necropolis?
• A necropolis is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from
the Ancient Greek meaning “city of the dead“.
• The pyramid at Giza, in Egypt, is an example of a necropolis — it’s the tomb of an Egyptian pharaoh.
About Juna Khatiya:
• It is located about 30 km from Lakhpat in
Kutch district, Gujarat.
• It has emerged as one of the biggest
Harappan burial sites with the possibility
of 500 graves of which about 125 have
been found so far.
• The archaeologists found rows of graves
with skeletal remains, ceramic pots, plates
and vases, beaded jewellery and animal
bones.
• The burials discovered at this site date from 3,200 BCE to 2,600 BCE, predating Dholavira—a UNESCO
World Heritage Site—and several other Harappan sites in the state.
• The site is important because others like Dholavira have a cemetery in and around the town, but no
major habitation has been discovered near Juna Khatiya.
• The site demonstrates the transition from earth-mound burials to stone graves. The pottery from
the site has features and styles similar to those excavated from early Harappan sites in Sindh and
Balochistan.
What does study of Burial site reveal?
• A study of its burial rites, rituals and customs has revealed many details about life in this culture. They
demonstrate that around the world- ancient afterlife items are buried along with the body in almost
all the civilizations
• Gender difference - A higher number of votive pots (offering pots) in male graves indicates women
were not considered equal to male citizens.

• Shows multiple classes - Ornaments were found on women of multiple social classes, including
necklaces and bangles made of copper, shell, and gemstones.
• Connection with other civilizations - Archeologists currently presume the objects in votive pots
were to serve the individuals in the afterlife. Some burial customs are similar to their contemporary
Egyptian civilization.
Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati
News: Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently addressed a

gathering on the occasion of the 200th birth anniversary of
Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati.
• The Prime Minister said that path shown by Swami
Dayanand Saraswati instills hope in crores of people at
a time when the 21st century is unstable due to
numerous conflicts.
Who was Dayanand Saraswati?
• Swami Dayanand Saraswati was born on 12th February 1824 in Tankara, Gujarat in a Brahmin family.
• He was earlier named Mool Shankar Tiwari as he was born during Mool Nakshatra.
• He wandered as an ascetic for fifteen years (1845-60) in search of truth.
• His views were published in his famous work, Satyarth Prakash (The True Exposition).
• He was an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj.
What were his contributions?
Education
• He was one of the first to advocate for education of Women in India. He encouraged the use of Sanskrit
language as a medium of instruction.
• The DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) schools came into existence in 1886 to realize the vision of Swami
Dayanand Saraswati.
Social reformer
• He sought to promote the values of the Vedas in modern society.
• His vision of India included a classless and casteless society, a united India (religiously, socially and
nationally)
• He worked to eliminate practices such as child marriage and sati.
Nationalism
• He was the first to give the call for Swaraj as "India for Indian" in 1876.
• He believed in the power of India to reclaim its status as Great civilization.
• He encouraged the study of Indian history and culture and emphasized on Indians to be proud of their
rich heritage.

• As quoted by the PM, “Swami Dayanand Saraswati kindled patriotism in the hearts of many freedom
fighters. Lakhs of them were inspired by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati.”
Scientific thought
• He vouched for critical examination of religious texts and beliefs and sought to promote a rational and
scientific approach to religion.
Environmentalist
• He encouraged planting of trees, protection of wildlife and conservation of natural resources.
What was the role and philosophy of Arya Samaj?
• It aimed to reestablish the Vedas, the earliest Hindu scriptures, as revealed truth.
• The Samaj opposed worship of murtis (images), animal sacrifice, shraddha (rituals on behalf of
ancestors), basing caste upon birth rather than upon merit, untouchability, child marriage,
pilgrimages, priestly craft, and temple offerings.
• It upholds the infallibility of the Vedas, the doctrines of karma (the accumulated effect of past deeds)
and samsara (the process of death and rebirth), the sanctity of the cow, the importance of the
samskaras (individual sacraments), the efficacy of Vedic oblations to the fire, and programs of social
reform.
• It has worked to further female education and inter-caste marriage, has built missions, orphanages,
and homes for widows, has established a network of schools and colleges, and has undertaken famine
relief and medical work.
Siddi Dhamal
News: Delegates of G20's tourism working group recently enjoyed Kutchi garba, beda raas, Siddi dhamal, art
forms from all over Gujarat and the flavours of the state.
Who are Siddi Tribes?
• Siddi, also known by the names of Sheedi and Habshi, is one of the major tribal communities of
Gujarat, while a few of them also live in parts of Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra.
• Most Siddis are believed to be the descendants of slaves, sailors, servants and merchants from the
Bantu-speaking parts of East Africa who arrived and became residents of the subcontinent during
the 1200-1900 CE period.
• Although Siddis have adopted the language and customs of their present residence, some African
traditions have remained undisturbed.
• They are part of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) in Gujarat alongwith Kathodi, Kotwalia,
Padhars and Kolghas.
About Dhamal Dance:
• The cultural heritage of Siddis dates back to almost 300 years.
• Dhamal is one such dance form that reflects the Siddis’ passion for hunting.

• In the earlier days, dhol (known as dhamal in
their tongue) or mushira, as well as small
dholkis were played as essential instruments.
An action-filled dance, the dancers are
sometimes seen throwing coconuts in the
air which fall on their heads and get broken
into bits and pieces. On certain occasions
dancers even dance barefoot over burning
embers.
• When it comes to costumes, they hardly wear
anything above the waist while they wear either a piece of fabric or peacock feathers below the waist.
However, a waist belt with shells is a must.
• Siddis, known for their physical strength and loyalty, are proud of their cultural heritage and
participate in the dance as and when they get an opportunity.
‘Samuhik Shramdan’ and ‘Swachhata Hi Seva Abhiyan’ - Gandhi Jayanti
News: Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s call to the citizens of the nation on the day before Gandhi Jayanti
for ‘Samuhik Shramdan’ and ‘Swachhata Hi Seva Abhiyan’ The mantra of ‘Ek Tareekh, Ek Ghanta, Ek Saath’
has been realised through these cleanliness initiatives. A ‘swachhanjali’ to Bapu on the eve of his Jayanti.
Swachh Bharat Mission – Grameen
• Ministry of Jal Shakti - to achieve universal sanitation coverage
• Janandolan - aimed at eliminating open defecation in rural areas.
• 10 crore individual toilets have been constructed
ODF Plus - 4 key areas (Phase 2)
• Plastic waste management,
• Biodegradable solid waste management (including animal waste management),
• Greywater (Household Wastewater) management
• Fecal sludge management
Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban
• By the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• Elimination of open defecation, conversion of unsanitary toilets to pour flush toilets, eradication of
manual scavenging, municipal solid waste management
• Under the programme, community toilets will be built in residential areas where it is difficult to
construct individual household toilets.
• Swachhata App, the digital grievance redressal platform introduced in 2016.

Same-Sex marriage
News: The Supreme Court has rejected the plea for same-sex marriage.
Background:
• While two judges — the CJI and Justice
Sanjay Kishan Kaul — recognised that queer
couples can form “civil unions”, they were in
the minority. The majority of three judges
said that the issue lay exclusively in the
domain of the legislature.
• We will understand the verdict by
addressing the 4 key questions discussed by
the SC bench and verdict of the majority and
minority.
Question 1 – The Fundamental Right to marry
Context: The petitioners wanted the SC to declare marriage as a fundamental right as the SC declared Privacy
as a fundamental right in 2017.
• Both the majority and minority views rejected the question of declaring marriage as a fundamental
right.
Minority’s view Majority’s view
• Marriage has attained the social and legal • The fundamental importance of marriage
significance only because the state has remains that it is based on personal
regulated it through law. preference and confers social status.
Importance of something to an individual
does not per se justify considering it a
fundamental right, even if that preference
enjoys popular acceptance or support.
Question 2 – On the Interpretation of Special marriage act
Context: The petitioners had asked the SC to interpret the word marriage as between “spouses” instead of
“man and woman”. Alternatively, the petitioners had asked for striking down provisions of the SMA that are
gender-restrictive.
• Both the majority and minority views rejected the demands of the petitioners for the re-
interpretation of Special Marriage Act (SMA) 1954.

Minority’s view Majority’s view
• CJI Chandrachud said the court could not • The provisions and the objects of the SMA
allow that, because it would “in effect be clearly point to the circumstance that
entering into the realm of the legislature”. Parliament intended only one kind of
couples, i.e., heterosexual couples
belonging to different faiths, to be given
the facility of a civil marriage.
Question 3 – On Queer couples’ right to adopt a child
Context: The petitioners had argued that the guidelines of the Central Adoption Resource Authority
(CARA), which does not allow unmarried couples to jointly adopt children, is discriminatory against queer
couples who cannot legally marry.
Minority View Majority View
• Suggested to strike down the discriminatory • While the judges agreed with the minority
provisions of the CARA regulation. view that CARA provisions are
• The CARA provisions reinforces the discriminatory. However, they said these
disadvantage already faced by the queer provisions cannot be struck down by the
community. Law cannot make an judiciary.
assumption on good and bad parenting • The legislature and executive must remove
based on the sexuality of individuals. them.
Question 4 – On option of Civil unions for Queer couples.

Context: The halfway approach of recognising civil unions for queer couples was debated during the hearing.
• However, the petitioners argued that civil unions are not an equal alternative to the legal and social
institution of marriage. Relegating non-heterosexual relationships to civil unions would send the
queer community a message that their relationships were inferior to those of heterosexual couples.
Minority View Majority View
• It favoured the civil union and prescribed it • It agreed with the minority view. But
as a ‘choice’ for the queer community. judiciary should not prescribe civil unions as
Located the right to form Civil Unions within a ‘choice’ to queer couples.
the fundamental right to freedom of speech • The majority opinion said that the state
and expression. should facilitate this choice and only for
• Committee chaired by the Cabinet Secretary those who wish to exercise it.
should be constituted to set out the rights
which would be available to queer couples in
civil unions.

Why was legalization of same sex marriage favored in India?
• The petitioners cited fundamental rights and argued that LGBTQIA+ couples deserve the legal
privileges bestowed by marriage. Articles 14 and 15 of the constitution prohibits discrimination on the
basis of sex.
• The Supreme Court in the Navtej Singh Johar case (2018), interpreted “sex” to include “sexual
orientation”. Thus, denial of the right to marriage to the same-sex couples, is discrimination against
them based on their sexual orientation.
• The right to privacy (Article 21) also encompasses the ability to make choices regarding one’s body
and intimate relationships. Legalisation of same sex marriage would ensure the homosexual couple’s
right to privacy.
• The petitioners also argued that “India is a marriage-based culture” and that LGBT couples should
be granted the same rights as any heterosexual couple, such as status of “spouse” in financial, banking
and insurance issues, medical and end-of-life decisions, inheritance, succession and even adoption and
surrogacy.
• Legalizing of same sex marriage would promote social acceptance of LGBT couples and relationships.
• Same-sex marriage is legal in 34 countries around the world.
What arguments were put against Legalizing of Same sex marriage?
• The different aspects of marriage, succession and adoption are governed by religious personal laws in
India. These marriage laws and customs are for heterosexual couples only.
• Legalisation of same-sex marriages could lead to legal complications in issues related to adoption,
child custody, inheritance and taxes.
• Children are better off being raised by heterosexual parents.
• Only parliament could make law and the judges could only interpret them. It is a matter of public policy
which only parliament is fit to address.
• Some people believe that same-sex marriage is a threat to traditional family values and it can disrupt
social norms, values and create social unrest.
Way Forward
• The centre should form the committee under cabinet secretary to provide civil union rights and
other rights like inheritance, adoption etc. to homosexual couples.
• Engaging in a dialogue with religious leaders and communities can help bridge the gap between
traditional beliefs and modern attitudes towards same-sex relationships.
• Raise awareness campaigns, expand public opinion about LGBTQIA+ community.
Dhordo village - the Best Tourism Villages in 2023
News: Dhordo village in Gujarat has earned recognition from the United Nations World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO) for being one of the Best Tourism Villages in 2023.

• Dhordo, located in the Great Rann of Kutch, is known for its annual Rann Utsav, which celebrates the
region’s rich cultural
heritage, traditional arts,
music, and crafts.
• The Rann Utsav has played
a crucial role in boosting
the local economy.
• In the fiscal year 2022-23,
the event generated Rs
468 crore in revenue from
GST.
• Over 98,000 Indian
tourists and 7,400 international tourists visited the festival, highlighting its importance as a key
tourism destination.
About UNWTO Recognition of villages:
• The UNWTO recognizes villages that contribute to rural development, and preserve landscapes,
cultural diversity, and culinary traditions.
• These villages excel in various areas, including cultural and natural resources, sustainability, and
tourism development.
• The Best Tourism Villages initiative, launched in 2021, is part of the UNWTO’s efforts to promote rural
development, combat depopulation, and encourage sustainable practices through tourism.
About the United Nations World Tourism Organization:
• The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations
that promotes responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism. The UNWTO is
headquartered in Madrid, Spain.
• The UNWTO promotes tourism as a driver of Economic growth, Inclusive development, and
Environmental sustainability.

Geography
Disaster Management during Cyclone Biparjoy
News: Here, we will discuss about the preparedness of Gujarat government and how it managed to work on
its Zero Casualty approach.
Instructions – The content below can be extremely valuable for both English and Gujarati language papers in
questions pertaining to Report writing or drafting Press releases. In GS 1 and GS 3 paper you can use some
data or examples in your answers. Understand how different departments work and co-ordinate in event of
such natural disasters impacting the state.
Background:
• Extremely severe cyclonic storm Biparjoy was a powerful tropical cyclone that formed over the east-
central Arabian sea.
What were the preventive measures taken?
• More than 1,08,000 people were evacuated to safer locations.
• 50 people stuck in the sea were airlifted by Indian Coast Guards.
• More than 1800 shelter homes were built to ensure safety of people in affected areas.
• A total of 19 NDRF teams and 12 additional SDRF teams were tasked to work.
• 1005 medical teams, 504 ambulances, 3800 critical beds were arranged, complete provision of
medicines and logistics were ensured. Moreover, medical department also compiled a list of pregnant
women in affected areas to facilitate due care for them in emergency needs.
• Additionally, energy and road departments were tasked in advance to work for restoration of
electricity and re-construction of damaged roads.
• Forest departments teams were deployed to remove uprooted trees.
• Around 4000 hoardings were removed by Urban development department as precautionary
measure.
How was an effective communication plan setup?
• Chief minister’s voice message (outbound dialing (OBD)) was sent to mobile users in 6 potentially
affected districts of state.
• Do’s and Don’t during cyclone were sent through TV, radio and newspapers by GSDMA.
Outcomes of such preparations:
• Zero Casualty was one major achievement. Number of injured persons were 47 and casualties of
cattle were 234.
• Preparedness and timely actions were helpful in reducing impact of clone Biparjoy.

Flash Floods
News: Recently, the city of Junagadh and Navsari witnessed Flash floods causing significant damage to
infrastructure, vehicles, livestock.
What are Flash Floods?
• Flash floods are sudden and rapid floods that
occur in low-lying areas, such as rivers, creeks,
or urban streets.
• For instance, the US’s meteorological agency,
the National Weather Service, says flash floods
are caused when rainfall creates flooding in less
than 6 hours.
What are the factors responsible for Flash floods?
• Heavy rain from thunderstorms, hurricanes, or tropical storms that exceeds the capacity of the soil
or drainage systems to absorb or divert the water.
• Melting of ice or snow on mountains or glaciers that flows into streams or rivers and increases their
volume and speed.
• Breakage of dams or levees that releases a large amount of water downstream.
• Erosion of soil or vegetation by wildfires that reduces the ability of the land to retain water and
increases the risk of debris flows.
• In India, flash floods are also associated with Cloudbursts.
Conocarpus Trees
News: An exotic mangrove species, Concarpus trees plantation has been banned by Gujarat government.
What are Conocarpus trees?
• Conocarpus is an evergreen species with dark-green shiny leaves. It is a fast-growing species which is
reported to be not palatable to wild herbivores
or domesticated animals.
• In Gujarat they are prominent tree species and
are being grown as trees lining public roads as
well as hedges along walkways in gardens and
are amenable to be trimmed into various
shapes.
Why has it been banned?

• Trees of this species flower in winter and spread pollen in nearby areas. It is learnt that this is causing
diseases like cold, cough, asthma, allergy etc.
• Additionally, roots of this species go deep inside the soil and develop extensively, damaging
telecommunication lines, drainage lines and freshwater systems.
Mangroves
News: Recently, Union Budget 2023-24 announced an initiative for Mangrove plantation under MISHTI
(Mangroves Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes)
What are Mangroves?
• They are salt tolerant trees and shrubs that flourish in intertidal areas of tropical and subtropical
regions.
• According to India State of Forest Report (2021), Mangrove cover is 0.15% of country’s total
geographical area.
• Top states/UT with Mangrove cover are – WB > Gujarat > Andaman and Nicobar Islands > Andhra
Pradesh
• The MISHTI scheme seeks to increase mangrove plantation along the coast lines and on salt pan fields.
Therefore, Significance of MISHTI scheme is in line with India’s

NDC of creation of additional sink of 2.5 – 3 Billion tonnes of CO2.
It will support our Blue/Coastal economy by providing valuable
fishery resources as around 80% of Global fish catch is more or
less dependent on thriving Mangrove ecosystems and they
provide habitat to wide ranging species.
Challenges:
• Rising demand for Land reclamation for
Industrialization and agriculture along the coastlines.
• Water and Soil pollution due to discharge of untreated
domestic sewage and industrial effluents.
• Climate change – Increase in temperature, rising sea
levels, increased frequency and velocity of Tropical storms along the Coastal regions.
• It appears there is significant lack of awareness around the importance of Mangrove ecosystem.
• Population pressure along the coastal areas.
• Change in Ecological flow of the river also impacts of health of mangroves.
Way Forward:
• Initiate programmes to raise people’s awareness about Mangroves and involve Local community
participation in its conservation efforts.

• Environmentally sustainable livelihood along the Coastal regions of the country.
• Land restoration and allowing for intertidal flow is critical for Mangrove’s growth.
Mangrove Cover in Gujarat
• Gujarat hosts the second largest mangrove cover (1103 sq km) of the country (4628 sq km).
• This has resulted in Gujarat being the only state which has registered an increase of 45 sq km of
mangrove cover. (FSI, 2013).
• Mangrove species - Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia alba, Acanthus ilicifolius.
• Even though Kachchh has the highest mangrove cover, the highest floristic diversity of mangroves
has been reported from South Gujarat region owing to better fresh water inflow.
El-Nino
News: Any discussion on Indian monsoon these days invariably has references to the El Nino phenomenon.
What is El-Nino?
• El Nino, as is commonly known, refers to an abnormal warming of surface waters in equatorial
Pacific Ocean. It is known to suppress monsoon rainfall.
• The opposite phase, La Nina, which is the abnormal cooling of sea surface waters in the same region,
is known to aid rainfall over India.
• There is a third, neutral phase, as
well in which the sea surface
temperatures remain roughly in line
with long-term averages. Together,
these three phases in the Pacific
Ocean are referred to as El Nino
Southern Oscillation, or ENSO.
• The playground of this entire
system is the equatorial region in
the Pacific Ocean. On the east are
Ecuador and Peru in northwestern
South America and on the west are
the islands of Philippines and Indonesia. Between them is nearly 17,000 km of uninterrupted ocean.
This region receives the most sunlight anywhere on earth, a lot of which is stored as heat in the
ocean.
What is the impact of El-Nino on India?
• It can adversely impact the Indian monsoon leading to fluctuation in rainfall. During such year, India
experiences below average rainfall.

• As the rainfall is subdued, it leads to water scarcity, droughts in many regions of India. It impacts crop
productivity.
• Negative impact on Farmer’s livelihood.
• El Niño can also lead to public health issues in India. For instance, drier conditions and heat waves can
increase the risk of heat-related illnesses.
• In terms of economics, reduction in agricultural productivity may lead to increase in food prices.
• EL-nino conditions may lead to extreme climate activities – Heatwaves, Cyclonic formations etc.
What are the impacts in other parts of the world?
• Coastal countries in South America like Peru and Ecuador can experience heavy rains and flooding.
• Australia and South-east Asia experience similar weather patterns as India. Decreased rainfall à
Drought à Impact on Agriculture à Food inflation
• East Africa may receive more rain than usual, which could lead to flooding. Southern Africa may face
drier conditions, which can lead to water shortages and impacts on agriculture.
How should a country be prepared to face El-Nino conditions?
• Having a dedicated disaster risk reduction funds can help. For example, Peru follows the practice.
• Invest more in technology that accurately predicts when such phenomenon is likely to occur. For
example, US-based National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
• Promote climate resilient infrastructure, adopt sustainable agricultural practices. For example, Better
irrigation facilities à Diversify Crops à Weather Based Crop insurance etc.
• Protect marine ecosystem comprehensively as they are most likely to face adverse impact of El-Nino.
Indian Ocean Dipole
News: With the El Nino phenomenon almost certain to affect the Indian monsoon this year, high hopes are
pinned on the development of a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and its ability to counterbalance the El Nino
effect.
What is IOD?
• The IOD is an ocean-atmosphere interaction very similar to the El Nino fluctuations in the Pacific
Ocean, playing out, as the name shows, in the Indian Ocean. It is also a much weaker system than El
Nino, and thus has relatively limited impacts.
• IOD, sometimes referred to as the Indian Nino is a phenomenon playing out in the relatively smaller
area of the Indian Ocean between the Indonesian and Malaysian coastline in the east and the
African coastline near Somalia in the west.
• One side of the ocean, along the equator, gets warmer than the other.
What is a positive IOD? What is its impact?
• IOD is said to be positive when the western side of the Indian Ocean, near the Somalia coast,
becomes warmer than the eastern Indian Ocean.

• A positive IOD enhances monsoon rainfall over
the Indian subcontinent and along the African
coastline but it suppresses rainfall over
Indonesia, south-east Asia and Australia.
What is a negative IOD? What is its impact?
• IOD is said to be negative when the western side
of the Indian ocean becomes cooler than the
eastern Indian ocean.
• A negative IOD shows opposite impacts of
Positive IOD.
Which are the factors considered while making forecasts about monsoon in the month of April?
The Earth System Science Organisation (ESSO) and the IMD take into account five factors.
• The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) gradient between the North Atlantic and the North Pacific
(conditions during December of the previous year and January of the present year)
• SST of the equatorial south Indian Ocean (conditions during February and March of the present year)
• Mean Sea Level pressure in East Asia (conditions during February and March of the present year)
• The surface air temperature over northwest Europe (conditions during January of the present
year)
• The warm water volume of the equatorial Pacific Ocean (conditions during February and March of
the present year)
Wildfires/Forest-Fires
News: Recently, Wildfires in US, Canada and several

European countries have resulted in loss of lives, damage
to infrastructure.
Background:
• We will understand Forest Fires in the Indian
context as our country itself is vulnerable to
Forest Fires.
India’s Vulnerability:
• More than 36% of India’s forest cover is prone to
frequent Forest fires.
• 6% is ‘very highly’ fire-prone, and almost 4% is ‘Extremely’ prone. (According to India State of Forest
Report, 2021)
What are Wildfires?

• Wildfires, also known as forest fires, bushfires, or vegetation fires, are uncontrolled fires that spread
rapidly across wildland areas, including forests, grasslands, shrublands, and other natural landscapes.
• Recent example of wildfire in India – Sariska Tiger reserve, Rajasthan (2022) and Simlipal Tiger reserve,
Odisha (2021)
What are factors responsible for Wildfires?
Weather conditions
• Dry conditions, including low humidity levels, create a conducive environment for wildfires.
• Strong winds can rapidly spread wildfires by carrying embers over long distances, creating spot fires
ahead of the main fire front.
• High temperatures increase the evaporation of moisture from vegetation, making it more
susceptible to ignition.
Fuel Availability
• Dry, dead, or overgrown vegetation provides ample fuel for wildfires. Drought conditions can lead
to dry vegetation that ignites easily.
Human Actitivities
• Unattended campfires, Cigarette Butts, Power lines and Equipment sparks.
Lightning
• Natural causes, such as lightning strikes, can ignite wildfires. Lightning can directly hit trees or
vegetation, creating a spark that starts a fire.
Climate Change
• Prolonged drought conditions, often exacerbated by climate change, can dry out vegetation and
create conditions ripe for wildfires.
• Altered weather patterns, including shifts in rainfall and temperature, can lead to increased fire risk
in certain regions.
What are the impact of Wildfires?
• On Environment – Changes in microclimate, release of vast quantities of CO2, increased soil erosion,
changed soil composition.
• Socio-Economic impacts – Affects livelihood of people engaged or reliant on Forest ecosystem.
• Forced Displacement – Natives might as well have to leave their homes and settle elsewhere as
damage caused due to wildfires can be lifelong. For example, Recent Wildfires in Maui, Hawaai island
has resulted in indigenous tribes vacating their homes.
• On Forest ecosystem – Loss of animals, habitat structure and loss in Forest cover.
What are the initiatives/policies taken by India?
• National Action Plan on Forest Fires (NAPFF) 2018 – Comprehensive Plan on Forest fires which aims
to minimize Forest fire risks and damage, enhance community participation and promote awareness.
• Initiatives by Forest Survey of India (FSI) – Near Real-Time Forest Fire monitoring and issuing alert,
Early Warning alert based on Forest fire danger rating system and FSI Van Agni Geoportal.

• The Forest Fire Prevention and Management Scheme (FFPMS) - This is a centrally sponsored scheme
that provides financial assistance to the states for forest fire prevention and management
activities.
• The Joint Forest Management (JFM) Programme - This is a participatory approach that involves
local communities in the protection and management of forests.
Way Forward
• Dedicated Institutional mechanism within Forest department covering all aspects of Forest Fire
management.
• Develop and update forest fire manuals.
• Empower communities and local authorities and also encourage traditional fire management
practices into the policy.
Vanadium discovered in Gujarat
News: Vanadium, a rare metal has been recently discovered in Gujarat. The metal has been found in the
sediment samples collected from Gulf of Khambhat.
About Vanadium:
• It is a hard, silvery-grey, ductile transition metal with a natural resistance to corrosion and stability
against alkalis, acids, and salt water.
• It is found in over 60 different minerals including
vanadinite, carnotite, roscoelite, and patronite.
• In industry, it is primarily used with iron to make
metal alloys for high-strength steel production.
• It is used in Iron and steel industry, aerospace
industry, Vanadium redox battery, ceramics,
Manufacture of Dyes and Printing Fabrics etc
Significance for India:
• The new found metal is significant as it is scarce in
India and possesses the capability to enhance the
resilience of steel and titanium.
• In 2021, an exploration by Geological Survey of India (GSI) placed the eastern Himalayan State of
Arunachal Pradesh, on the vanadium map of the country.
• Although India is a significant consumer of Vanadium, it lacks behind in terms of producing the
essential metal. According to Indian Bureau of Mines, the total estimated reserves of Vanadium in India
is around 24.63 million tonnes. Of this, the estimated Vanadium Pentoxide is 64,594 tonnes.
Global status:

• The world production of vanadium in 2017 was 85,842 tonnes of metal content.
• Brazil is the world’s largest exporter of vanadium, with Russia and South Africa rounding out the top
three.
• Brazil alone is responsible for nearly one-quarter of the metal’s global export market, and the
combined trio represents nearly 60 percent of the market.
• Meanwhile, China has the highest vanadium reserves in the world with 9.5 million MT as of 2022.
Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors

News: Recently, India's first indigenously developed 700 MW nuclear power reactor at the Kakrapar Atomic
Power Project (KAPP) in Gujarat started commercial operations.
Background:
• The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) is building two 700 MW pressurised heavy
water reactors (PHWRs) at Kakrapar.
• The government has sanctioned building of 10 indigenously developed PHWRs at four locations --
Gorakhpur in Haryana, Chutka in Madhya Pradesh, Mahi Banswara in Rajasthan and Kaiga in Karnataka.
What are PHWRs?
• A PHWR is a nuclear reactor that uses heavy water (deuterium oxide D2O) as its coolant and neutron
moderator. PHWRs frequently use natural uranium as fuel, but sometimes also use very low enriched
uranium.
• The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure to avoid boiling, allowing it to reach higher
temperature without forming steam bubbles, exactly as for a pressurized water reactor.
Why PHWR?
• It uses heavy/hard water as compared to softwater (H2O).
• The advantage of using heavy water is that it has a low absorption of neutrons, which means that
more neutrons can cause further nuclear fission in the fuel and sustain a chain reaction. It also ensures
that there is an element of safety.
• Fuel flexibility – It uses Natural Uranium U-238. There is no need of enrichment and therefore no
headache of international sanctions as well.
• Stable power supply - They can adjust the amount of electricity they produce based on needs of
power grid. This helps in keeping the power supply stable, so we don’t have sudden changes in
electricity availability.
• Produces useful things – Beyond electricity it also helps in making medical isotopes.

What is difference between PHWR’s and Pressurized water reactors (PWRs)?
PHWR PWR
PHWRs use heavy water (deuterium oxide D2O) as PWRs use ordinary water (light water H2O).
coolant and moderator
PHWRs use natural or very low enriched uranium PWRs use low to moderately enriched uranium
as fuel
PHWRs have a separate primary and secondary PWRs have a single primary loop
loop of coolant
PHWRs have horizontal pressure tubes PWRs have vertical pressure vessels containing the
containing the fuel bundles. It means that PHWRs fuel rods. PWRs have to refuel offline, by opening
can refuel online, by replacing individual fuel the pressure vessel and replacing a large number of
bundles without shutting down the reactor fuel rods at once
Ramsar Sites/Wetlands of Gujarat
What are Wetlands?

• According to Ramsar Convention, "Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether
natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or
salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres."
• Examples of Wetlands – Lakes, Estuaries, Marine and coastal areas, Marshes and peatlands.
What is Ramsar Convention?
• The Ramsar Convention is the intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the
conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.
• The Convention was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and came into force in 1975.
• Ramsar Convention entered into force in India on 1st February 1981.
• The convention works on three pillars that define the purpose of the Ramsar Convention – i) Wise Use
ii) List of Wetlands of International importance and iii) International Cooperation – To bring
cooperation internationally over the transboundary wetlands, shared wetland systems and shared
species.
Ramsar Sites of Gujarat (Total 4)

Nalsarovar, Khijadia Wildlife Sanctuary, Thol Lake Wildlife Sanctuary and Wadhvana Wetland
About Nalsarovar:
• Location – Surendranagar and Ahmedabad Districts
• Area – 12,000 hectares
• Wetland type – Marsh

(Equus hemionus khur) which uses this area in the dry season. Local
communities heavily rely on the lake as it provides them with a source of
drinking water and water for irrigation, as well as an important source of
income from fishing for Catla fish (Catla Catla) and Rohu (Labeo rohita). An
• Protection Status – Bird Sanctuary
average of 75,000 tourists visit the wetland annually.
• It is an important stopover site
anser) and more than 20% of common crane (Grus grus). More than 180 plant
within the Central Asia Flyway, species are present, including the critically endangered Indian bdellium-tree
with globally threatened species (Commiphora wightii). The Site contributes to the maintenance of hydrological
regimes, erosion protection and nutrient cycling. It is used for recreation and
such as the critically tourism, and scientific and educational activities.
endangered Sociable Lapwing
(Vanellus gregarius) and the
vulnerable Marbled Teal
(Marmaronetta angustirostris)
stopping over at the site during
migration, while the vulnerable
Sarus Crane (Grus antigone)
takes refuge there during
summer when other water 8
bodies are dry.
• The wetland is also a lifeline for a satellite population of the endangered Indian Wild Ass (Equus
hemionus khur) which uses this area in the dry season.
About Khijadia WS
• Location – Jamnagar District
• Area – 510 hectares
• Protection status – Wildlife
Sanctuary
• Fauna - Endangered Pallas’s fish
eagle and Indian skimmer, and the
vulnerable common pochard.
Dalmatian pelican, Greylag Goose.
• Flora - More than 180 plant species
are present, including the critically
endangered Indian bdellium-tree
10
(Commiphora wightii).
About Thol Lake WS

• Location – Mehsana District
• Area – 699 hectares and Protection status – Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bird Species – Glossy Ibis, Graylag Goose, Bar headed goose, Black tailed Godwit, Oriental White backed
vulture, Sarus crane, Common pochard, Saker falcon

population of species including glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus). It is also
essential during the dry seasons for a population of blackbuck (Antilope
cervicapra) and other mammals in the surrounding area. The Lake provides
water for drinking and irrigation and enables groundwater recharge, and is
• This shallow
alsoreservoir
used fordominated
recreationbyand
opentourism.
water areas
The was originallyprovides
vegetation constructed for irrigation in 1912.
excellent
thatching material and is also used
In 1988, it was declared as a wildlife sanctuaryas fodder for domestic animals.
crane (Grus antigone) and the near-threatened black-necked stork

(Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus). Almost 46,000 individual birds were recorded
during a mid-winter waterbird census conducted in 2020. The Site provides
a global example of how a wetland originally created for irrigation has come
About Wadhvana Wetland: to serve as an important waterbird habitat and hub for ecotourism
11 and nature
education.
• It is located in Dabhoi (Taluka),
Vadodara.
• The wetland is important for its
birdlife as it provides wintering
ground to migratory
waterbirds.
• This reservoir was created in
1910 by the former Baroda
State
• it provides wintering ground to
migratory waterbirds, including
over 80 species that migrate on
the Central Asian Flyway.
• They include some threatened or near-threatened species such as the endangered Pallas’s fisheagle,
the vulnerable common pochard, and the near-threatened Dalmatian pelican, greyheaded fish-eagle
and ferruginous duck
• Resident birds include the vulnerable river tern (Sterna aurantia) and sarus crane and the near-
threatened black-necked stork
• Almost 46,000 individual birds were recorded during a waterbird census conducted in 2020.
• The Site provides a global example of how a wetland originally created for irrigation has come to serve
as an important waterbird habitat and hub for ecotourism and nature education.

Indian Polity, Public Administration and Governance
Good Governance in Gujarat
News: Here, we will discuss about initiatives taken by Gujarat government that has promoted Good
Governance in the state.
What is Good Governance?
• Good Governance or Sushasan in Gujarati refers to form of governance where the citizens are happy,
development efforts reaches to the last citizen and where the inputs of citizens are involved in
Governance and decision making process. Such governance is termed as Good Governance.
What are the initiatives/government schemes that have facilitated Good Governance in the state?
Swagat Portal (State Wide Attention on Grievances through Application of Technology)
• In over 2 decades, this initiative has solved around 5.66 lakh queries with accuracy of 99.52% success
rate.
Sevasetu Programme
• Home delivery of essential services for the weaker sections of the society.
Garib Kalyan Mela
• It ensures that government service benefits reach directly to the people. It eliminates the need of
middlemen and minimizes corruption.
Gujarat State Wide Area Network (GSWAN)
• GSWAN which is known as a Gujarat State Wide Area Network (GSWAN) is an advanced
communication infrastructure and now-a-days extensively used for exchange of Data, Voice & Video
information between two or more locations, separated by significant geographical distances.
• The primary motivating factor for GSWAN is for the modernization of the intra-governmental
communication setup that would improve administrative effectiveness and efficiency and to
bring reliability and accountability in overall system of Government-to-Government (G2G)
functioning.
E-Gram Vishvagram
• This Project Initiates e-Gram Project connecting 13695 Gram Panchayats and 6000 Citizen Common
Service Centres as a part of the eGram connectivity Project.
• Some features of e-Gram Project are Video conferencing facilities at all villages, issuing the
documents and certificates, application forms for various development and welfare schemes.
• Also 7/12 certificates to the farmers from panchayats. VSat communication technology based
broadband connectivity, free of cost communication between panchayats, common service facilities,
advantages of Internet and cyber connectivity and electricity-telephone bills, visa, E-postal services
and many more facilities are provided through the online e-Gram project website
E-Dhara
• e-Dhara enchances complete Computerization of Land Records across the state. Elimination of
Manual Records, computer controlled mutation process and self sustainability are the leading
objectives of e-Dhara system.
Gujarat Public Examination (Prevention of unfair means) Bill, 2023
• The bill was introduced earlier this year to prevent paper leaks with provision of stringent fines for
both leaking the papers and also for those found cheating during examinations.
Lok Darbaar
• Lok Darbaar are organized by state government (over 4000 so far) to educate and raise awareness
prevent people from becoming victims of usury practices. Such darbaar offer loans to eligible citizens
of the state.
Gujarat Public Universities Bill-2023
News: The Gujarat Public Universities Bill – 2023 has been passed with a majority vote in the fifteenth
assembly session.
Instructions – You can expect a question from here in upcoming GPSC mains exam.
Which universities have been incorporated into the act?
• 11 universities, including the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in Vadodara, Gujarat University
in Ahmedabad, Sardar Patel University in Anand, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University in Surat, and
others.
What are the key provisions?
• The Bill restricts the tenure of a vice chancellor to five years at a university. If found competent,
the person may be appointed as vice chancellor at another university for another term of five years.
• The Act also establishes various authorities within the universities, with the Board of Management
serving as the primary decision-making and policy authority. The Executive Council will manage day-
to-day administration, while the Academic Council will play a crucial role in academic activities.
• The Act ensures uniformity in admission, study, and examination systems across 11 universities.
• The Governor of the state will serve as Chancellor in 10 public universities, while Maharaja Sayajirao
University of Baroda’s Chancellor will continue to be from the royal family.
• The Act mandates 33% women members in the appointment of teachers, principals, university
professors, and chairpersons.
• The Board of Management will replace the elected Senate and Syndicate in universities. The Board
of management will be the final decision making body and policy making authority responsible for
administering all the affairs.
• Universities will have autonomy to initiate new programs, courses, grant degrees to external
students, develop online courses, and conduct distance learning.
• The implementation of this Act will eliminate antiquated and irrelevant statutory provisions,
establishing a unified law applicable to all universities.
Advantages:
• Smooth governance of universities.
• Better coordination, cooperation and proper utilisation of higher education facilities.
• Unnecessary interference in the functioning of administrators will be avoided.
Criticisms raised:
• A vice chancellor may be removed from the office if he or she has an association with a political party
or organisation. However, it will be up to the government to decide if a party or organisation is
“political” in nature.
• The bill will promote Sarkarikaran of education in Gujarat.
• The leader of a senate and syndicate bodies addresses the issues faced by students. It is argued that
only those close to the government will be appointed to the administrative bodies.
Antyodaya Shramik Suraksha Yojana
News: CM of Gujarat recently launched the Antyodaya Shramik Suraksha Accident Insurance Scheme for
labourers.
About the Scheme:
• The scheme is a collaboration between the
Department of Posts, India Post Payments
Bank, and the Ministry of Labor and
Employment.
• The pilot launch of the scheme took place in
Nadiad, Gujarat, in coordination with the e-
Shram portal in Kheda district.
• Gujarat has become the first state in the
country to introduce this unique scheme on a
pilot basis, aiming to benefit Shram Yogis.
Objectives of the scheme:
• The scheme aims to provide financial stability to workers, offering assistance in the event of
accidents or death.
• Workers can avail benefits for death or partial disability, with premiums ranging from 289 to 499
rupees.
• In case of a worker’s death, their family will receive 10 lakh rupees.
• In permanent disability due to an accident will make the workers eligible for a sum of 10 lakh
rupees.
• Additionally, the scheme includes education assistance of 1 lakh rupees for the children of deceased
workers.
Gujarat’s new City Civic Centres
News: Recently, CM Bhupendra Patel inaugurated 21 City Civic Centres.

What are City Civic Centres?
• City Civic Centres also known as Jan Suvidha Kendra are
a step towards providing efficient and convenient
services to the citizens.
• They serve as one-stop-shops, offering more than 40
services to citizens in metropolitan cities and smaller
towns.
• Constructed at cost of Rs. 22.65 crores, they aim to
enhance ease of living for people residing in towns and villages across Gujarat.
How will the Centres contribute to state progress?
• Essential public services such as obtaining certificates, paying taxes, availing welfare schemes will
be available at a single place and better service standards will be provided.
• They will reduce bureaucratic delays by incorporating online platforms, electronic documentation
and automated processes. Quick resolution for queries and transparency can be expected by citizens.
• They will empower underprivileged and marginalized communities.
‘National e-Vidhan Application’ (NeVA) project
News: It was inaugurated by Hon’ble President Droupadi Murmu
Aim : to make the functioning of the State Assembly paperless by transforming them into ‘Digital House’.
• E-Vidhan would enable the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) to stay connected with their
constituents.
Key Points:
• The integration of the NeVA platform enables assembly members to access and adopt best practices
from the Parliament and other legislative bodies across India.
• The vision of “One Nation, One Application” would enhance the efficiency and transparency of the
Gujarat Legislative Assembly.
• Additionally, the shift to digital processes is expected to contribute to environmental sustainability
by reducing paper usage.
About National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) :
National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) is one of the 44 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) under the “Digital India
Programme” of the Government of India (GoI)
• It is a work-flow system deployed on the National Information Centre (NIC) Cloud, MeghRaj which
helps:
• NeVA is a device-neutral and member-centric application created to equip them to handle diverse
House Business smartly. NeVA is inspired by the GoI’s visionary concept of ‘One Nation-One
Application’.
Gujarat Local Bodies (Amendment) Bill - Justice Jhaveri Commission
• It was passed to raise reservation for Other Backward Class (OBC) communities in local self
government bodies to 27 per cent from the current 10 per cent
• The Bill provides for a 27 per cent quota for over 160 communities listed under OBC in Gujarat, in
municipal corporations, municipalities and panchayats, making Gujarat the fourth state in the country
to provide for such reservation.
• The new law will lead to amendments in the Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporation Act, 1949,
governing the eight municipal corporations, besides the Gujarat municipalities Act and the Gujarat
Panchayat Act.
• based on recommendations from the Justice Jhaveri Commission
Currently, the quota reserved for SC is 7 per cent and for ST it is 14 per cent in the local self government bodies.
The population of OBCs in the state is estimated to be 52 per cent in rural areas and 46.43 per cent in urban
areas, with an average population of 49 per cent in the entire state.
Special Mention
• In regions designated under the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, which mainly
comprise sizeable tribal populations, the OBC reservation in local bodies will remain at 10 percent
• The quota, would not apply to those municipal corporations, panchayats and municipalities where the
population of the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) was 40 per cent or more.
• In such bodies, the original 10 per cent quota for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC or
OBC) would apply, according to the Bill.
Constitutional Provisions / History
• Under Article 340 of the Constitution, there is a provision to appoint a national commission that would
tour the entire country and draw up a list of backward classes.
• On January 29, 1953, appointed an OBC commission under the chairmanship of Kaka Kalelkar, which
drew up a list of 2,399 castes that would qualify under OBC
Gujarati to be taught mandatorily in Gujarat schools for classes 1-8

• The Gujarat government is planning to introduce a law to make the Gujarati language mandatory for
students of Classes 1 to 8.
• The Gujarat High Court urged the Gujarat government to make a law for making the Gujarati language
compulsory in the local schools to preserve the mother tongue.
• State government has decided to make Gujarati compulsory in all the schools in Gujarat from August,
irrespective of the boards namely CBSE, ICSE, IB, CISEC and IGCSE they may be affiliated to.
• The decision to make Gujarati compulsory would come into effect from the academic year starting
June
• Those schools where the new academic year has already started, the decision will be implemented
from the second term of the year.
Gujarat Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2023
News: The bill was introduced days after the question paper of the panchayat junior clerk examination was
found to have been leaked.
Provisions:
• If any person obstructs or threatens any member of the inspection team or a person appointed by
the examination authority for performing duty, he shall be punished with imprisonment of up to
three years, and a fine of not less than ₹ one lakh.
• If any person, including an examinee, indulges in unfair means or contravenes any of the provisions
of the Act, he or she shall be punished with imprisonment for five years which may extend up to 10
years
• If the crime qualifies as "organised crime," it will be treated as being more serious.
• The accused “shall also be liable for a fine which shall not be less than Rs 10 lakh, which may extend
to Rs 1 crore”
• Unfair means also include an act of assisting an examinee during an examination for monetary gains.
• Only officials or those who facilitate unfair acts will be covered by the measure, not students taking
school board or university exams.
Need :
It was the need of the hour to bring such a stringent bill because Indian Penal Code (IPC) was not enough to
punish the culprits. Gujarat assembly has prepared this bill after studying such bills brought by other states,
such as Uttar Pradesh.
Ayushman Bhav Campaign was launched

News: President Droupadi Murmu virtually launched the Ayushman Bhav campaign as well as the Ayushman
Bhava portal from the Raj Bhavan in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
• The launch of the Ayushman Bhav campaign and the portal marked a significant step towards
achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and ensuring healthcare for all.
• The campaign aims to deliver healthcare services to the last mile and consolidate access and
affordability for underserved populations.
• President highlighted the principles of “Antyodaya” (good health for all and leaving no one behind)
• Seva Pakwada initiative, is set to run from September 17 to October 2, 2023, with an aim to provide
essential health services to every citizen, furthering the mission of “antyodaya.”
About Ayushman Bhav:
The ‘Ayushman Bhav‘ campaign, launched by the MoH&FW is a pioneering nationwide healthcare initiative
designed to achieve complete healthcare coverage, encompassing every village and town in India.
Aim: ‘Ayushman Bhav’ aims to create momentum to increase awareness about the Pradhan Mantri Jan
Arogya Yojana (PMJAY), Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) ID generation, and services related to the
screening and management of non-communicable diseases, tuberculosis (TB), and Sickle Cell Disease.
It operates through collaborative efforts led by Gram Panchayats (GPs) in partnership with the Department
of Health, various government departments, and local elected bodies in both rural and urban areas.
This initiative ensures the reach of healthcare access to every corner of India.
Components of Ayushman Bhav:
• Apke Dwar 3.0.
• Ayushman Melas at Health and Wellness Centres (HWC) Community Health Clinics (CHC).
• Ayushman Sabhas.
i. By embracing these components, Ayushman Bhav is set to expedite healthcare access at the grassroots,
contributing to the realization of a healthier nation.
ii. Under Ayushman Bhav, Health Melas and Medical Camps are an important component that will be set up
once a week at all HWCs and CHCs.
Administrative reforms in India
Context: We will discuss about administrative reforms India has seen over the past decade and also discuss
the next generation administrative reforms that awaits a Viksit Bharat.
What were major administrative reforms brought in the last decade?
In the last decade, the administrative reforms were driven by the government’s maxim of “Minimum
Government-Maximum Governance”.
Administrative Reform Key Details
E-Governance Model The Central Government’s e-Governance models like Digital India, Aadhar,
BHIM, UMANG, E-NAM, Ayushman Bharat, PM’s Jan Arogya Yojana, PM Jan
Dhan Yojana have been successful in bringing transparency and openness
to government processes.
e-Samiksha A real time online system for monitoring and follow-up action on the
decisions taken by the Government at the Apex level in respect of
implementation of important Government programmes/projects. The
Government has been using this platform to remove inefficient officers
through premature retirement.
Centralized Public The CPGRAMS is an online platform available to citizens 24x7 to lodge their
Grievance Redress and grievances to public authorities on any subject related to service delivery.
Monitoring System It is a single portal connected to all the Ministries/Departments of the
(CPGRAMS) Government of India and States.
National Conference on e- It provides a platform for the government to engage with experts in
Governance context of experiences relating to e-Governance initiatives.
Mission Karmayogi Mission Karmayogi is part of National Programme for Civil Services Capacity
Building (NPCSCB). It aims to build a future-ready civil service with the right
attitude, skills and knowledge which is aligned to the vision of New India.
What are the next generation administrative reforms proposed for Vikshit Bharat?
• Chintan Shivir - Every Ministry should conduct internal, in house deliberations to take a fresh look at
their working through organizing Chintan Shivir’s.
• Benchmarking Governance – In future, Good Governance Index,National e-governance service
delivery Assessment(NeSDA) Framework etc should be expanded to all the states, UTs to benchmark
governance.
• Secretariat Reforms - Increasing efficiency in decision-making of secretariat.
What are advantages of Administrative reforms in the country?
• In modern times, people’s expectations and aspirations concerning service delivery has changed and
administrative reforms are necessary to improve public service delivery and meet expectations of
people.
• They ensure transparency, accountability and rule of law.
• Administrative reforms enhance the capacity of government to carry out core functions and they are
especially important in times of natural calamities, hazard, epidemic and pandemic management.
• They facilitate quick decision making, eliminate corruption, build trust among citizens and ensure
removal of Red tapism thereby propelling economic development in the country.
What are challenges in administrative reforms in India?
• Excessive political interference
• Being honest and not being a ‘YES MAN’ can often lead to transfers. In most of the states, the principle
of three years’ regular tenure of civil servants is not followed. These frequent transfers hamper the
implementation of any comprehensive reforms.
• Only 4% of India’s workforce comprise public servants as compare to 22. 5% in the UK and 13.5% in the
US.
• Corruption nexus
• Resistance to change
Way Forward
• Mid-career appraisals to remove incapable, inefficient officers
• Training and Capacity Building - Regular training programs can help update the skills of civil servants
and equip them to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing environment.
• Citizen Participation - Involving citizens in the reform process can ensure that reforms are
responsive to their needs and increase their acceptance.
Mission Karmayogi
What is Mission Karmayogi?

• Mission Karmayogi is the National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) in India.
• It sets up a capacity building commission.
• Its aim is to develop an effective citizen-centric civil service
• It is about creating a civil service with domain and technological competencies.
Objectives:
• It is aimed at building a future-ready civil service with the right attitude, skills and knowledge,
aligned to the vision of New India.
• It aims to prepare Indian civil servants for the future by making them more creative, constructive,
imaginative, proactive, innovative, progressive, professional, energetic, transparent, and technology-
enabled.
• Comprehensive reform of the capacity
building apparatus at the individual,
institutional and process levels for
efficient public service delivery.
Need of the Mission:
• As the Indian economy grows, it will get
more complex to govern; the governance
capacities will have to be enhanced
proportionately which this reform
undertakes.
• There is a need to develop domain knowledge besides administrative capacity in the bureaucracy.
• There is a need to formalize the recruitment process and match the public service to a bureaucrat’s
competence, so as to find the right person for the right job.
• The plan is to begin right at the recruitment level and then invest in building more capacity through
the rest of their career.
About iGOT-Karmayogi Platform:
• The Karmyogi Programme will be delivered by setting up an Integrated Government Online Training
(iGOT) Karmayogi Platform.
• iGOT-Karmayogi is a continuous online training platform, which would allow all government
servants to undergo continuous training, depending on their domain areas.
• Courses from international universities will be made available on the platform for officers to take any
time.
Significance of Mission Karmayogi:
• Earlier training programmes were focused on mostly first-class officers. Mission Karamyogi includes
all categories of employees at central and state level and it also ensures Harmonization of
Training Standards.
• The programme is guided by the “Whole Government” approach. Training resources are being shared
across departments and silos are being broken.
• It facilitates cross sector learning
by deputing officers in private
sector to gain domain expertise
and reduce friction between
private-public sector in the
future.
Conclusion
• The ultimate aim of Mission
Karmayogi is to ensure “Ease of
Living” for the common man,
“Ease of Doing Business” and
Citizen-Centricity that is reducing
the gap between the government and the citizens.
Uniform Civil Code
News: The idea of a Uniform Civil Code has been debated in India for decades, and it has been a longstanding
demand of some political and social reform movements.
• Recently, SC dismissed PIL challenging UCC committees in Gujarat, Uttrakhand.
What is Uniform Civil Code?
• The UCC calls for formulation of one law to be made applicable to all religious communities in matters
such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption.
• The code comes under Article 44 of the Constitution, which lays down that the state shall endeavor
to secure a Uniform Civil Code for the citizens throughout the territory of India.
• It is a divisive issue in India, with proponents arguing that it would promote equality and secularism,
and opponents arguing that it would interfere with religious freedoms and cultural practices.
Evolution of UCC in India:
• The idea of UCC was influenced by similar codes drafted in European countries during the 19th
century and early 20th century.
• The BN Rau Committee (1941) was formed to codify Hindu law recommended a codified Hindu law,
which would give equal rights to women.
• The Special Marriage Act, 1954, provides a form of civil marriage to any citizen irrespective of religion,
thus permitting any Indian to have their marriage outside the realm of any specific religious personal
law.
• In the Shah Bano Case (1985) the Supreme Court said that Parliament should outline the contours of
a common civil code and MS Jordan Diengdeh v. SS Chopra (1985) the Supreme Court emphasized
the urgency of implementing a uniform civil code.
• In the Sarla Mudgal Case (1995) the SC reiterated the need for Parliament to frame a Uniform Civil
Code.
What are the arguments in favor of UCC in India?
• Simplicity of Laws - The code will simplify the complex laws around marriage ceremonies, inheritance,
succession, adoptions making them one for all.
• Promote Gender Equality – All personal laws, regardless of religion, discriminate against women in
one way or the other. For example, Christian women could not obtain divorce on grounds of Adultery
committed by husband whereas Christian husbands could simply declare their wife’s adulteresses and
divorce them.
• Uniformity and Consistency – A UCC will ensure consistency in the application of the law, as it would
apply equally to everyone. This would reduce the risk of discrimination or inconsistency in the
application of the law.
• Cater to aspirations of Youth – As the world moves towards digital age, the social attitude and
aspirations of the youth are being influenced by universal and global principles of equality, humanity,
and modernity. The enactment of UCC will help maximize their potential in nation building.
• Supported by different judicial pronouncements - In Shah Bano case (1985), Supreme Court
observed that the Parliament should outline the contours of a common civil code as it is an instrument
that facilitates national harmony and equality before law. In the 1995 Sarla Mudgal Case, apex court
reiterated the need for Parliament to frame a Uniform Civil Code, which would help the cause of
national integration by removing ideological contradictions.
• Uniform Civil Code is likely to allow for the modernization and reform of India’s legal system as it
will provide an opportunity to update the laws with contemporary values and principles.
What are the arguments against UCC?
• Politically sensitive issue - The issue of UCC has been politicized in the light of continuous
communalization of the issue. Political parties have used the issue for political gains which has
prevented the issue from being discussed in a constructive manner.
• Religious and Cultural Diversity - India is a diverse country with a rich tapestry of religions, cultures,
and traditions. A uniform civil code could be seen as a threat to this diversity, as it would require the
abandonment of personal laws that are specific to particular religious or cultural communities.
• Lack of uniformity even in civil laws relating to non-religious matters - Indian laws do follow a uniform
code in most civil matters – Indian Contract Act, Civil Procedure Code, Sale of Goods Act, Transfer of
Property Act, Partnership Act, Evidence Act etc. States, however, have made hundreds of
amendments and therefore in certain matters, there is diversity even under these civil laws.
• Against Right to Freedom of Religion - The right to freedom of religion is protected under the Indian
Constitution (Article 25-28). Some argue that a uniform civil code would infringe on this right, as it
would require individuals to follow laws that may not be in accordance with their religious beliefs and
practices.
• Law Commission Report (2018) in a consultation paper held that UCC is neither necessary nor
desirable at present. It suggested for the codification of all personal laws so that prejudices and
stereotypes in every one of them would come to light and could be tested on the anvil of fundamental
rights of the Constitution.
What should be the way forward?
• As there was no consensus on UCC, the Law commission (2018) had specifically underlined the need
to eradicate discrimination. They stressed that adopting this approach some of the differences within
personal laws which are meaningful can be preserved and inequality can be weeded out to the
greatest extent possible without absolute uniformity.
• Given that enactment of a UCC in one go may be counter-productive to unity and integrity of the
nation, the goal of a UCC should ideally be reached in piecemeal manner, like the recent amendment
on the age of marriage. This could also pave the way for internal reform and change within the
religious dispensation.
• Since caste and religious believes are inseparable from the minds of the citizens, educating the
individuals regarding the true nature and positive effects of UCC through media support and
social media awareness is first step towards making consensus.
The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
News: The President of India Droupadi Murmu granted assent to the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill,
2023 (DPDP Bill) after it was passed by both the houses of the parliament.
What is the need of DPDP bill?
• Personal Data of individuals is processed by different entities to understand the preferences of
individuals which can be used in customization, targeted advertisements and can be used in law
enforcement as well.
• Unchecked processing of personal data can lead to several consequences including risking privacy of
individuals, financial loss, political profiling etc
• Prior to this comprehensive bill, India didn’t have a proper law on data protection with some of
provisions within IT Act, 2000 governing the personal data protection. The SC in the Puttuswamy
Judgement upheld the Right to Privacy as a Fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution and
Justice B N Srikrishna Committee on Data protection, JPC on Personal Data protection 2019 provided
several inputs on Personal data protection in India.
What are the key highlights of the Bill?
Applicability
• The Bill will apply to the processing of digital
personal data within India where such data is
collected online, or collected offline and is
digitized. It will also apply to such processing
outside India, if it is for offering goods or
services in India.
Consent
• Personal data may be processed only for a
lawful purpose upon consent of an
individual.
• Consent may not be required for specified
legitimate uses such as voluntary sharing of
data by the individual or processing by the
State for permits, licenses, benefits, and services.
• For a child or a person with a disability, consent will be provided by the parent or legal guardian.
Obligation of Data Fiduciaries (entities determining the purpose and means of processing)
• Data fiduciaries will be obligated to maintain the accuracy of data, keep data secure, and delete data
once its purpose has been met.
Significant Data Fiduciaries
• Central Government may notify any Data Fiduciary as SDF, based on factors such as: Volume and
sensitivity of personal data processed. Risk to the rights of data principal. Potential impact on the
sovereignty and integrity of India. Security of the State. Risk to electoral democracy. Public order.
• SDF will have certain additional obligations including appointing a data protection officer and an
independent data auditor and undertaking impact assessment.
Exemptions
• The Bill grants certain rights to individuals including the right to obtain information, seek correction
and erasure, and grievance redressal.
• The central government may exempt government agencies from the application of provisions of
the Bill in the interest of specified grounds such as security of the state, public order, and
prevention of offences.
Data Protection Board of India (DPBI)
• The central government will establish the Data Protection Board of India to adjudicate on non-
compliance with the provisions of the Bill.
• Board members will be appointed for two years and will be eligible for re-appointment.
• Appeals against its decisions will lie with the Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal
(TDSAT)
Cross Border Transfer
• Bill allows the transfer of personal data outside India, except to countries restricted by the
government.
Penalties
• Act specifies penalties for various offences such as up to Rs 200 crore for non-fulfilment of obligations
for children, and Rs 250 crore for failure to take security measures to prevent data breaches.
What are the key issues around the bill?
• Exemptions to data processing by the State on grounds such as national security may lead to data
collection, processing, and retention beyond what is necessary. This may violate the fundamental
right to privacy.
• Inadequate Safeguard: The transfer of personal data outside India may not ensure adequate data
protection standards in the countries where the transfer of personal data is allowed.
• The Bill provides that members of the Data Protection Board of India will function as an
independent body. Members will be appointed for two years and will be eligible for re-appointment.
A short term with the scope for re-appointment may affect independent functioning of the Board.
• The Bill empowers the central government to exempt processing by government agencies from
any or all provisions, in the interest of the security of the state and maintenance of public order. The
Bill does not require government agencies to delete personal data, after the purpose for processing
has been met. Using the above exemptions, on the ground of national security, a government agency
may collect data about citizens to create a 360-degree profile for surveillance.
• The Bill does not provide for the right to data portability and the right to be forgotten.
• No compensation: The Act has removed Section 43A of the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000,
which mandated companies to compensate users in case of mishandling their data.
• RTI Exemption: The Act proposes that the personal information of public officials will not be disclosed
under the Right to Information (RTI) Act, which could aid corrupt practices by not disclosing assets,
liabilities etc.
• ‘Legitimate uses’ of data are vaguely defined, potentially leading to consent-related issues. E.g.,
reasons like ‘State functions’ and ‘medical reasons’, do not require user consent, possibly
undermining privacy.
• The Bill does not protect data that is made publicly available by an individual or anyone else. Data
protection norms around the world extend obligations to publicly available data too.
What are the positive aspects of the Bill?
• The Bill is written in concise, straightforward and uncomplicated manner with minimum use of legal
jargon.
• Due to the pace of innovation and disruption in the tech sector, the Bill focusses on principles and
outcomes rather than modes and processes. This will enhance the longevity of the bill and also give
businesses flexibility in achieving compliance.
• Businesses will benefit from the light-touch and facilitative approach of the Bill towards personal data
protection.
• The rationalized and minimally intrusive data protection regime will attract global tech investments.
• The bill will provide impetus to the startup ecosystem and boost its global competitiveness.
Conclusion
• The DPDP 2023 is an all-encompassing and progressive bill that will evolve over the years. It will attract
investments and at the same time ensure the Personal Data of Citizens of India is safe and secure.
Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Act 2023
News: The Parliament passed the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) (Amendment)
Act 2023.
Governance model of Delhi NCT:
Classification as a Union Territory (UT)
• Under the States’ Reorganization Act of 1956, Delhi was classified as a UT, governed under Article 239
of the Constitution.
• It states that UTs are directly governed by the President or an administrator appointed by the
President.
Special Status : Following the recommendations of the S Balakrishnan Committee, the 69th Constitutional
Amendment Act of 1991 conferred special status on Delhi and designated it as the National Capital Territory
of Delhi (NCTD).
• It added Article 239AA to the Constitution and made Delhi a UT with a legislature and a council of
ministers.
• The Lieutenant Governor (LG) is designated as the administrator of Delhi, operating with the aid and
advice of the council of ministers of Delhi.
Powers of Delhi Legislature
• The Delhi Legislative Assembly has the power to legislate over subjects in the State List and
Concurrent List, except for police, public order, and land. The Delhi government has executive powers
over the same subjects.
• Also, Parliament can legislate over all matters in the State and Concurrent Lists related to Delhi.
Key Provisions of the Act
• National Capital Civil Services Authority (NCCSA): The Act establishes the NCCSA to make
recommendations to the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi (LG) on certain matters related to services.
• Functioning of NCCSA: The central government will appoint both the Principal Home Secretary and
Chief Secretary. All decisions of the Authority will be based on a majority vote of the members present
and voting.
• Powers of the LG: Matters where the LG may act solely on his discretion are:
o Matters outside the legislative competence of the Delhi Legislative Assembly but which have
been delegated to the LG,
o Matters where he/she is required by law to act in his discretion or exercise any judicial or quasi-
judicial functions.
• Primacy to LG: The Act expands the discretionary role of the LG by giving him powers to approve the
recommendations of
the NCCSA, or return
them for
reconsideration. In the
case of a difference of
opinion between the
LG and the NCCSA, the
former’s decision will
be final.
• Role of Secretaries:
Department
Secretaries must bring
certain matters to the notice of the LG, Chief Minister, and Chief Secretary, particularly those that may
lead to controversy with other state governments, courts, or the central government.
Key Issues:
• Powers to central government: The Act gives the central government control over the transfer and
posting of officers in Delhi.
o This is a departure from the Supreme Court’s judgement in the Govt. of NCT of Delhi vs. Union
of India 2023.
• Enhanced discretion of LG: As per Article 239AA, the LG has to act on the aid and advice of the Council
of Ministers, except when exercising functions at his/her discretion. Provisions of the Act expand the
discretionary and overriding powers of LG.
• Non-clarity on controversial matters: The Act provides for bringing matters that may bring GNCTD
in controversy with the central government to the notice of the LG but does not define these
controversial matters.
• It centralizes power in the hands of the LG, diminishing the elected government’s authority. It
minimizes the decision making role of elected legislative assembly.
• It will affect the democratic rights and aspirations of the people of Delhi, who have voted for their
representatives in the assembly.
Conclusion
• While proponents argue that it brings clarity to the distribution of powers, opponents claim that it
may infringe upon the principles of parliamentary democracy and the constitutional separation of
powers.
Nari Shakti Vandana Adhiniyam 2023
News: 128th Constitutional Amendment Bill (Narishakti Vandan Adhiniyam) relating to Reservation for
Women in Parliament and state legislatures was passed by both the houses of Parliament.
• Days after its historic passage in both houses of the Parliament, the Women's Reservation Bill received
the nod of President Droupadi Murmu on September 29. With her assent, the legislation has been
turned into a law.
Key Provisions:
• RESERVATION - Reserve 1/3rd (33%) of total number of seats in Lok Sabha, State Legislative
Assemblies and Legislative Assembly of NCT of Delhi for women. This will also apply to seats reserved
for SCs and STs in Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies.
• COMMENCEMENT - The reservation will be effective after the census conducted after the
commencement of this bill. Based on the census, delimitation will be undertaken to reserve seats for
women. The reservation will be provided for a period of 15 years. However, it shall continue till such
date as determined by a law made by Parliament.
(Note- 84th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001- delimitation would happen after the results of 1st
Census after 2026 is published . Hence, the provisions of the bill under discussion are most likely to be
implemented in 2029 General Elections.)
• ROTATION OF SEATS - Seats reserved for women will be rotated after each delimitation, as
determined by a law made by Parliament.
Current status of Women Representation in politics at various levels: Presently, there are around 15 lakh
women representatives (>45% of total representatives) in PRIs and ULBs across the country.
• In State Legislative Assemblies (SLAs), women comprise only 9% of total MLAs.
• Number of women candidates contesting Lok Sabha elections increased from 45 (1957) to 726 (2019).
The number of women MPs has increased from 5% in the first Lok Sabha to 15% in the 17th Lok Sabha;
but the number continues to be quiet low.
Positives and need of reservation for Women in Legislatures:
• Under-representation of women in Legislature - According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, India
has a fewer percentage of women in the lower House than its neighbours such as Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka and Bangladesh. Political under-representation of women is a major reason for India’s poor
performance in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap report (127th out of 146 in 2023).
• Evidence from the reservation at local level - According to assessments by Oxfam India, reservation
for women at local level led to a significant increase in the reporting of crimes, improved access to
basic amenities like drinking water, schools, etc.
• Addressing Crime Against Women – It is expected that increasing women representation in
legislatures will bring down crimes against women and improve gender sensitivity.
• Increasing representation commensurate to vote share - Share of women voters has increased
from 55% in 1967 to 67% in 2019 Lok Sabha polls. Yet their political representation has not increased
at same rate. Reservation will bring parity in their vote share and representation.
• Changing Gender Stereotypes – acceptance of “women as lawmakers” rather than “women as
homemakers only”.
• Breaking the Patriarchal mould – It’s a paradox that for centuries men have been making laws for
women. “If a group is not represented proportionately in the political system, its ability to influence
policy making is limited.”
• Improvement in Economic Performance- According to UN University, Women legislators improve
the economic performance of their constituencies 1.8 per cent more than male legislatures. Evaluation
of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana shows the share of incomplete road projects is 22 percentage
points lower in female led constituencies.
Arguments against the Bill:
• No clear timeline- Implementation of provisions of Bill depends on Census and Delimitation. Census
not yet conducted (supposed to be done in 2021 –delayed due to COVID) and Delimitation may be
subjected to Gerrymandering + concern of Southern states (declining population) prevails.
• No reservation for women in Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Councils although women
representation is very low here as well. Geeta Mukherjee Committee (1996) recommended providing
reservation for women in Rajya Sabha and Legislative Councils as well.
• Bill doesn’t specify how these 33% seats to be reserved will be identified.
• No consideration for general seats- In the Constituent Assembly, Renuka Ray argued against
reserving seats for women: “When there is reservation of seats for women, the question of their
consideration for general seats, however competent they may be, does not usually arise”.
• Opponents also argue that reservation would not lead to political empowerment of women because
larger issues of electoral reforms such as measures to check criminalisation of politics, internal
democracy in political parties, and influence of black money have not been addressed.
• No reservation for OBCs- Bill provides reservation for SC and ST women but not for OBC women even
though they comprise 60% of total women population in India.
• Use of women as proxies – Just like the concept of “Panchayat Patis , the concept of “MP/MLA Patis”
may also evolve.
• Others- Restriction of choice of voters and also women may be perceived to be not competing on
merit.
Way Forward
• Time bound conduct and publication of the census data and delimitation exercise should be done to
ensure timely implementation of the act.
• Involve civil society and other institutions for training and mentorship of women leaders at local level
to ensure their effective mobilization at State and national level.
Simultaneous Election – One Nation One Election
News: Recently, The Central government has constituted a committee headed by former president of India
Ram Nath Kovind to explore the possibility of “Simultaneous Election”.
What is Simultaneous Elections?
• It is an idea aimed to synchronize the Lok Sabha, State
Assemblies elections, Municipalities and Panchayats
such that voters in a particular constituency vote on the
same day.
• Simultaneous elections do not mean that voting across
the country for all elections needs to happen on a single
day. It can also be conducted in a phase-wise manner as per the existing practice, provided voters in a
particular constituency vote for both State Assembly and Lok Sabha the same day.
Has India ever conducted Simultaneous election?
• Simultaneous elections were held in the country during the first two decades after Independence up
to 1967. However, the dissolution of certain Assemblies in 1968 and 1969 followed by the dissolution
of the Lok Sabha led to the disruption of the conduct of simultaneous elections.
Arguments in Favour of Simultaneous Elections
Decreased Election Expenditure
• Political parties often spend vast sums of money on election campaigns. Simultaneous elections can
reduce the financial burden on political parties, leading to a more level playing field for both
established and emerging parties.
• For instance, as per CMS data, formal expenditure by the ECI in 2019 Lok Sabha general elections was
about ₹ 10,000 crores.
Improved Governance
• With less time spent on campaigning and electioneering, elected representatives and governments
may have more time to focus on their primary role of governance, leading to better overall
performance.
Impact on Governance due to frequent imposition of the Model Code of Conduct (MCC)
• Imposition of MCC puts on hold the entire development programs and activities of the Union and State
Governments in the poll bound State.
Prolonged deployment of security personnel
• About 2-5 State Assemblies go to polls every 6 month period which leads to a lock-in of Central Armed
Police Forces (CAPFs) and state police forces for prolonged periods.
Reduction in Vote Bank Politics
• Frequent elections can encourage parties to adopt short-term, populist measures to secure votes.
Simultaneous elections may discourage this practice, as parties may focus on long-term
development-oriented policies.
Voter convenience
• Ensures voters are not subjected to multiple rounds of voting, leading to better turnout and voter
convenience.
Challenges in implementing Simultaneous Elections
• Operational challenges: Constitutional and statutory concerns in extending or curtailing the existing
terms of some State Assemblies to synchronise the cycle for the first time. Need of amendment to
multiple constitutional provisions (Articles 83, 85, 172, 174 and 356) related to conduct of elections and
bye-elections and no-confidence motion.
• Logistical and warehousing issues requiring twice as many EVMs and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit
Trail machines.
• Regional parties, which play a significant role in Indian politics, may feel disadvantaged in
simultaneous elections. National issues could overshadow regional concerns, potentially undermining
the federal structure of India's democracy.
• National parties with larger political heft, resources are likely to benefit at the cost of regional parties.
• Simultaneous elections may further complicate voter education, as citizens would need to
understand the distinct issues and candidates at both the national and state levels.
• Citizens may struggle to engage and understand with all issues simultaneously, potentially leading to
uninformed choices and undermining the democratic process.
• Loss of political accountability to the electorate as elected representatives and parties will have to
face elections only once in 5 years.
Recommendations on implementation of Simultaneous elections
Law Commission (170th report, 1999)
• Hold elections to the Lok Sabha and State assemblies simultaneously but withhold the result of
elections till after the expiry of the term of the assembly concerned – the interval no exceeding 6
months.
Law Commission in its Draft report 2018 suggested a framework:
• Option 1: Advancing or postponing election timings in certain states, such that elections to all state
assemblies and Lok Sabha may be held together.
• Option 2: Conduct elections only twice in five years.
• Option 3: Conduct all elections falling in a calendar year together
Conclusion
• Simultaneous Election is an idea whose time has come however as it involves questions pertaining to
Federal structure of Polity it needs adequate discussion and consensus need to be built across party
lines for swift transition to this system.
Smt Sunita Agarwal took oath as the Chief Justice of Gujarat High court
News: Smt Sunita Agarwal took oath as the Chief Justice of Gujarat High court
• At present, she is the only woman Chief Justice of a high court in India
What are issues between the Center and SC concerning Collegium?
• The Supreme Court has expressed concerns that the Indian government has been selectively
approving the recommendations of the Collegium.
• The government has sometimes delayed or ignored the Collegium’s decisions, creating conflicts
between the two. Example, Appointment of Justice Murlidhar as CJ of Madras HC.
What needs to be done?
• Streamline the appointment process as prescribed by Supreme court 2021 order which had given
clear timelines for government to follow.
• Once a recommendation is reiterated by the Collegium, it should be implemented within three to four
weeks.
What is the Collegium system?
• Collegium system refers to the process where a committee involving Chief Justice of India and 4 senior
judges of SC and 3 members of High court (where appointment is for HC) appoint and transfer judges
in the Supreme court and High Court.
• The Collegium System has not been mentioned in the Constitution. It has evolved through series of
Judgments of the Supreme Court (known as 3 Judge cases)
1st judge case 1981 (SP Gupta case) – The SC said that executive can refuse appointments for cogent
reasons. “Consultation doesn’t mean concurrence”
2nd Judges Case 1993 – A shift from previous stance and the SC ruled that CJI should consult 2 senior
most judges from SC in matters of appointment.
3rd Judges case 1998 - The CJI must consult 4 senior judges and thus the collegium was expanded to
a 5 member body.
What are issues associated with the Collegium system?
• Judges appoint Judges – It is against the Doctrine of Separation of power
• Transparency - There is no official procedure for selection or any written manual for functioning of
the Collegium. The parameters considered for selection (or rejection) are not available in the public
domain and the meetings of the collegium are held behind closed doors.
• Lack of accountability - Judges are not accountable to the people or any other organ of the State
(Legislature or Executive). It can add an element of arbitrariness in functioning.
• Qualified and young judges have missed out on being part of Collegium due to inherent issues in the
appointment process.
• Criticism by Judges - Many retired Judges have criticized the working of the Collegium, especially the
lack of transparency. Several controversial appointments have been made despite objections by the
member-Judges of the Collegium.
• No Reforms - The Supreme Court did not amend the contentious provisions of the NJAC Act or added
safeguards to the Act. Instead it struck down the whole Act.
What is the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC)?
• The Parliament had passed the 99th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2014 and the National Judicial
Appointments Act, 2014 that proposed to create a National Judicial Appointments Commission
(NJAC). The NJAC was supposed to be an independent Commission to replace the Collegium System
to appoint Judges to the higher Judiciary.
What needs to be done?
• Revive NJAC - Many judicial experts, including former Judges contend that NJAC system can be a
better alternative than the Collegium system, provided the infirmities in the NJAC Act are rectified.
In this context, the NJAC can be revived. All stakeholders like Judiciary, Legislature, Bar Associations
should be consulted before finalization of any proposal.
• The Law Commission recommended that parliament should pass a law restoring the primacy of CJI,
while ensuring executive played a role in appointment process.
• Transparency in the appointment process is needed. Collegium must disclose the reasons for selection
and rejection of a candidate.
Collegium system for High Court appointments
• CJ-HC is appointed by the President after
consultation with the CJI and the governor of the
state concerned.
• For appointment of judges, the chief justice of the
concerned high court is consulted.
• The Chief Justice of the High Court is also required
to consult his two senior-most Judges before
recommending a name for appointment to the High
Court.
• The judges of a HC are appointed by the President
Police Reforms
News: A conference of the Directors General of Police of all the states and union territories was recently held
in Delhi. It covered a wide range of subjects concerning national security.
• But the grass roots problems are seldom taken up. The strength of a chain is determined by its
weakest link, and the weakest link today is the police station.
What are Police Reforms?
• Firstly, Police comes under state list of 7th Schedule of Indian Constitution.
• The police reforms aim to transform the values, culture and practices of Police organization.
• It also aims to improve how the police interact with other parts of the security sector, such as courts,
executive departments or parliamentary authorities.
What are the issues associated with Police reforms?
• Even at present, the police are based on colonial laws like Indian Police Act, 1861. British used police
as their instrument to suppress the voice of people and for their personal functions.
• There is also issue of Politicization of Police force where Police act according to the whimsies of their
political leader.
• The Model Police Act, 2006 drafted by Soli Sorabjee has not been enacted in letter and spirit across
the nation.
• Most police stations, excluding a few in major cities, are in poor condition with rundown buildings,
cluttered case property, no reception area, dirty cells, old furniture, and disorganized records.
• The staff, overworked and fatigued, is generally unresponsive, if not rude. Resources are meagre.
• According to the Status of Policing in India Report 2019, police in India work at 77 per cent of their
sanctioned strength and these personnel work for 14 hours a day on average. There are close to
5,00,000 plus vacancies of police personnel.
• United Nations recommended standard is 222 police per lakh persons, while actual police strength
in India is at around 137 police per lakh persons.
• Poor housing conditions and long working hours have an adverse impact on police performance. The
National Police Commission had recommended 100 % family accommodation for all non-gazetted
police personnel. The satisfaction level today is hardly 31.24 %.
• State police forces are incapable to tackle internal security challenge. For example, J&K has been
witnessing unrest for the last 30 years.
• People in general also do not have confidence in Police. This applies more to lower strata of society
who believe that there is one law for the poor and another for the rich and powerful.
• Law and order problems are becoming more complex. Organized Crime has acquired international
dimensions. Police in India are seen to be less trained and prepared to tackle issues of arms trafficking,
drug trafficking and cyber-crime.
What are the initiatives taken by government?
• SMART policing - To encourage innovations and the use of modern technologies, SMART Policing has
been introduced. It implies:
o S – Sensitive and Strict
o M – Modern and Mobility
o A – Alert and Accountable
o R – Responsive and Reliable
o T – Tech-savvy and Trained
• Model Police Act, 2016 – Emphasized the need to
have professional police ‘service’ in a democratic
society.
• Crime and Criminal Tracking Network System – Conceptualized by MHA, it aims to create
comprehensive and integrated system for enhancing effectives and efficient policing at all levels.
What should be the way forward?
• There is a need for adequate training and firing practices to the police personnel on the latest
weaponry which is being used by them.
• There is enormous scope for technological inputs into the functioning of the police. There is also need
to upgrade the existing cyber cells.
• MHA has advised states/UT’s to conduct police recruitment drive in mission mode. Also, appointment
of Women in police should be done by creating additional posts for them.
• Implement Seven directives of Supreme Court in Prakash Singh vs Union of India, 2006.
Junagadh has become the first district in Gujarat to introduce Health ATMs.
News : The Health ATMs were inaugurated by the Chief Minister in the Junagadh district recently
• They have been installed in all 40 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) across the nine talukas in the district.
• Through these Health ATMs, people can have their health checked.
Need
• Residents of rural areas often have to travel to the city for medical check-ups and reports, incurring
costs of 500 to 1000 rupees at private laboratories.
• However, with the placement of these Health ATMs in rural areas, people can receive their reports
within minutes, free of charge. At these Health ATMs, individuals can obtain not just one or two but
up to 40 test reports, all available to the patient within minutes.
Facilities
• The machine, equipped with a digital stethoscope, can conduct heart ECGs
• non-invasive haemoglobin tests
• kidney function assessments, including creatinine and bilirubin tests, glucose tests,
• ear-nose-throat evaluations
• skin and nail imaging
• eye examinations for astigmatism,
• color vision deficiencies, dry eyes, and
• It can also detect risk markers for lung and breast cancers, brain strokes, and AIDS.
Ethics
Mahatma Gandhi’s concept of 7 Sins
Background:
• Mahatma Gandhi published a list of Seven Social Sins in his weekly newspaper Young India on
October 22, 1925. The same list was given to his grandson, Arun Gandhi, written on a piece of paper on
their final day together shortly before his assassination.
What are the 7 social sins?
1. Politics without Principles
• Engaging in politics without considering the
principles that guide your actions. When politicians
give up the pursuit of truth, they are sure to be
doomed. For example, Partisan politics, lobbying,
corruption and any other form of malpractice.
2. Wealth without work
• This idea originates from ancient Indian practice of
tenant farmers (Zamindari)
• It refers to making wealth by unfair means, by
taking shortcuts. For example, tax evasion, scams,
insider trading, black money etc.
• Gandhi says as capitalism and materialism are
spreading so rapidly, the grey area between an
honest day’s hard work and sitting back and profiting from other people’s labor is increasing widely.
3. Pleasure without Conscience
• Gandhi believed that pleasure must come from within the soul and excitement from serving the
needy, from caring for the family, children.
• Today, people resort to drugs to crave their inner satisfaction but that comes at a cost to your health
and cost to the society in more ways than one. Thus, Gandhi refers to pleasure without conscience as
a social sin.
4. Knowledge without character
• When education emphasizes on career-building and not character building it is incomplete. When
one is not able to understand one’s own self, how will one understand the philosophy of life?
• Even Bruce Lee said, “Knowledge will give you power, but character respect.”
5. Commerce without morality
• Conducting business without considering the moral implications of your actions.
• Price gouging, selling off inferior products, making false claims are few ways in which we indulge in
commerce without morality.
6. Science without humanity
• If science becomes all technique and technology, it quickly degenerates into man against
humanity. Technologies come from the paradigms of science. And if there's very little understanding
of the higher human purposes that the technology is striving to serve, we become victims of our own
technocracy.
7. Religion without Sacrifice
• Without sacrifice we may become active in a church but remain inactive in its gospel. In other words,
we go for the social facade of religion and the piety of religious practices. There is no real walking with
people or going the second mile or trying to deal with our social problems that may eventually undo
our economic system.
• It takes sacrifice to serve the needs of other people - the sacrifice of our own pride and prejudice,
among other things.
Probity in Governance
What is Probity in Governance?
• Probity (Satyanishtha in Hindi) literally means a complete and confirmed integrity; having strong
moral principles.
• Probity in Governance is defined as adherence to ethical and moral values like honesty, Integrity,
rectitude, uprightness etc.
What purposes does Probity in Governance seeks to fulfil?
• It preserves public confidence in Government processes
• It maintains integrity in public services
• It ensures accountability in governance. It ensures compliance with processes
• It seeks to avoid the potential for misconduct, fraud and corruption.
What are the measures to ensure Probity in Governance?
• A dedicated unit to oversee implementation of Code of conduct and code of ethics by government
officials to be set up at both state and national level.
• Information must be made accessible to common man through websites or other mediums.
• An independent anti-corruption agency.
• Mandatory social audit for all government programs. For example, Meghalaya has passed a law for
social audit of government programs.
• Citizen advisory boards to implement ideas of common public in improving governance.
• Mandatory declaration of assets and liabilities of government employees.
• Grievance redressal mechanisms
• Institutional reforms – Allow citizens to be part
of public hearings, government contract
committees, public watchdog groups,
independent anti-corruption agencies.
• Last but most important, Moral education is
must to ensure probity in governance. It is
important to provide ethical training, teach moral
values wherever possible.
Conclusion
In addition to laws and policies, the government should
also focus on brining behavioral change in government
employees so that they can easily empathize with the
problem of common mass so as to fulfil the democratic
goal of “government by the people, for the people and to the people”.
GS 3
Shala Praveshotsav 2023
News: The Shala Praveshotsav marked 20 years since its

beginning in 2003.
What is Shala Praveshotsav Program?
• Shala Praveshotsav is a school enrolment program
organized by the Education Department of Gujarat
for the last two decades. It aims to ensure that
every child in the state gets access to quality
education and no one is left behind.
• The program involves various activities such as
welcoming new students with flowers, distributing books and uniforms, honoring donors and
achievers, and planting trees.
• Back in 2003, when PM Narendra Modi initiated this program the state had significantly high dropout
rate and to address the issue PM Modi personally visited villages and dispatched ministers and
officials across Gujarat to ensure children’s attendance, particularly that of girls.
How has the initiative fared?
• The school dropout rate which stood at 37% two decades ago has been reduced to an astonishingly
low 1.23%.
• Shala Praveshotsav 2023 is set to enroll approximately 1.70 lakh children in Kindergarten and Class-1
across Gujarat.
• Through approaches like “Gunotsav” the program also ensures teaching methodologies, curriculum
development and teacher training are continuously improved.
• It also acknowledges community participation as the parents, community leaders and volunteers
engage in the program.
What are other initiatives taken by Government of Gujarat for education of children?
• A novel school structure called “Balwatika” is started where children aged 5 to 6 years have been
admitted for first time. It highlights the significance of early childhood education and aims to
provide strong foundation for young learners.
• Vidyadeep Vimarakshana Yojana provides insurance protection against accidental death to
students studying in all government primary schools in Gujarat.
• Vidya Shamiksha Kendra – It utilizes advanced technology to monitor various aspects of education
in the state.
Mission school of Excellence
News: PM Modi launched Mission school of Excellence at Trimandir, Adalaj.

About Mission school of Excellence:
• Under the Mission Schools of Excellence project, the state government will spend Rs 10,000 crore in
the next five years and cover all 35,133 government and 5,847 grant-in-aid schools.
• It is estimated nearly one crore students will benefit directly from this ambitious project in the next
five years.
• Mission Schools of Excellence operate with an approach of Skill, Scale and Speed
• The Mission will help strengthen education infrastructure in Gujarat by setting up new classrooms,
smart classrooms, computer labs and overall upgradation of the infrastructure of schools in the State.
• Such schools will intend to leverage the 5G technology to provide smart facilities, smart schools, smart
teaching which will take education to next level in the state.
Which projects will be involved under Mission school of Excellence?
• More than 20 thousand schools are entering the 5G phase of education through Mission Schools of
Excellence. Under that, 50 thousand new classrooms and more than one lakh smart classrooms are
going to be built in these schools.
• 20,000 computer labs and 5000 STEM laboratories (Atal Tinkering Labs) will be created.
• These schools will not only have a modern, digital and physical infrastructure, but it is also a campaign
to make a big difference in the lives of children and their education.
Which are other initiatives of Government of Gujarat to promote education?
• Swami Vivekananda Gyan Shakti Residential Schools, Raksha Shakti Schools, Mukhya Mantri Gyan Setu
Merit Scholarship and Mukhya Mantri Gyan Sadhna Merit Scholarship
• Teacher Training university, Institute of Teacher’s education
• Kanya Kelavani Mahotsav, Shala Praveshotsav and Gunotsav
Mukhya Mantri Gyan Setu Merit Scholarship Yojana
News: The scholarship was launched by the Chief Minister of Gujarat on June 8, 2023. The program aims to
benefit 30,000 students in classes 6-12.
About:
• The Mukhya Mantri Gyan Setu Merit Scholarship is a scholarship program for meritorious students in
Gujarat.
• The scholarship amounts are:
• Classes 6-8: Rs 20,000 per year
• Eligible students are selected based on a common entrance test. The scholarship costs the state
exchequer Rs 500 crore annually.
Who are the eligible students?
• Private school students
• Students in classes 6-12
• Students who pass the common entrance test
Mukhya Mantri Gyan Sadhna Scholarship scheme
News: The Gyan Sadhana Scholarship Scheme is a scholarship program for students in Gujarat who are from financially
weak families.
About:
• The scheme provides financial assistance to 25,000 students each year.
• Students in grades 9 and 10 receive an annual scholarship of Rs. 20,000, while those in grades 11 and 12 receive
Rs. 25,000 annually.
• The scheme was implemented in 2023. It's for students in grades 9 through 12. The scheme is based on merit.
Swami Vivekananda Gyan Shakti Residential Schools
News: Fifty private organisations have been selected to run as many Swami Vivekananda Gyan Shakti Residential
Schools under the Gujarat education department’s “janbhagidaari public private partnership (PPP)” mode.
About:
• The schools, according to education officials, will fill the existing gap for huge number of applicants received by
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) every year.
• The Swami Vivekanand Gyan Shakti Residential Schools will identify one lakh talented students from
government schools and provide them quality education free of cost from Class 6 to 12 with residential
facility.
• Along with education, coaching facilities for career guidance and preparation for competitive entrance exams
such as JEE, NEET, NDA, NID, NIFT and even Civil Services Exam will also be given.
• These private and charitable organisations will be reimbursed with the annual recurring cost of Rs 60,000 per
student with a seven per cent hike every year.
Sainik School at Boriyavi, Mehsana
News: Union home and Cooperation Minister Shri Amit Shah virtually laid foundation stone for country’s first
Sainik School run by a cooperative organization at Boriavi in Mehsana district.
What are Sainik Schools?
• Sainik Schools are a system of public schools in India established and managed by the Sainik Schools
Society under the Ministry of Defence (MoD). They were conceived in 1961 by V. K. Krishna Menon, the
then Defence Minister of India, to rectify the regional and class imbalance amongst the officer cadre
of the Indian Military.
• The primary objective of the Sainik Schools is to
prepare students academically, mentally, and
physically for entry into the National Defence
Academy (NDA) and Indian Naval Academy (INA).
About Sainik School at Boriyavi:
• This Sainik School will be constructed to mark the
birth centenary celebrations of Shri Moti
Chaudhary, the pioneer of Dudhsagar Dairy, a
prestigious milk cooperative organization of North
Gujarat.
• Based on P.P.P. model 100 more Sainik schools will be established. The laying of foundation stone of
20th Sainik school and first Sainik school run by Cooperative organization is a moment of proud for
Gujarat.
• Such a school will inculcate the values of defence, bravery, patriotism and national service along with
knowledge in the lives of children and instill new zeal and new consciousness.
U-20 Mayoral Summit
News: Recently, as part of G-20 presidency, U-20 mayoral summit was conducted at Mahatma Mandir,
Gandhinagar.
What is U-20 summit?
• Urban 20 or U20 is a city diplomacy initiative, comprising of cities from G20 countries. It strives to
establish a lasting practice of engagement among cities to develop a collective message that
emphasizes the role of cities in taking forward the sustainable development agenda.
• The U20 brings together mayors from G20 cities under a common framework and coordinates a joint
position to inform the discussions of national leaders. Contributions from the U20 are shared with the
G20 Presidency and Heads of State, enhancing the role of cities as global economic and political
leaders.
What is outcome of U-20 Mayoral summit?
• The 2-day summit concluded with a communique that will be handed over to G20 Presidency. The
communique was signed and supported by record 105 cities from different parts of world.
• The U-20 Mayoral summit agreed to jointly work and collaborate upon 6 key areas.
• I) ENCOURAGING ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOURS
• II) ENSURING WATER SECURITY
• III) ACCELERATING CLIMATE FINANCE
• IV) CHAMPIONING ‘LOCAL’ CULTURE AND ECONOMY
• V) REINVENTING FRAMEWORKS FOR URBAN GOVERNANCE AND PLANNING
• VI) CATALYSING DIGITAL URBAN FUTURES
Swarnim Jayanti Mukhyamantri Shaheri Vikas Yojana
News: Recently, Chief Minister Shri Bhupendra Patel has extended the Swarnim Jayanti Mukhyamantri
Shaheri Vikas Yojana for an additional three years, taking a significant step to advance urban development
and improve the well-being of citizens.
About:
• In 2009-10, (as the Chief Minister at the time), Hon’ble PM Shri Narendra Modi initiated the Swarnim
Jayanti Mukhyamantri Shaheri Vikas Yojana to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Gujarat’s
establishment.
• The primary objective of the scheme was to address the growing urbanization in the state by
meeting the infrastructure requirements of its residents.
• This program extends grants to cities and towns for a range of physical infrastructure projects,
including stormwater drainage, water conservation and lake beautification initiatives, urban
roadworks, water supply, sewerage systems, and street lighting projects.
• Furthermore, social infrastructure facilities including urban health centres, hospitals, anganwadis,
libraries, and sports complexes have also been included in the scope of the project.
• Within the Urban Mobility segment of the Scheme a variety of projects will be initiated, including urban
bus services, traffic management, railway overbridges, underpasses, ring roads, flyovers, and
subways.
• The scheme will also encompass a range of projects, including heritage and tourism initiatives,
exhibition halls, Panchshakti-themed traffic islands, riverfront development, water bodies
enhancement, landscaping, science centres, planetariums, museums, amphitheatres, and various
other ventures that contribute to crafting a unique identity for the city.
Few Facts you should know:
• The Swarnim Jayanti Mukhyamantri Shaheri Vikas Yojana will now be in effect from 2024-25 to 2026-
27.
• Rs. 57,000 crore has been reserved in the Swarnim
Jayanti Mukhyamantri Shaheri Vikas Yojana to fund a
range of projects aimed at enhancing the physical,
social, and infrastructural development in cities and
towns
• Up to this point, 2.84 lakh projects, with a total value
of Rs 48 thousand crore, have been approved
Micron’s Semiconductor Plant to be set up at Sanand GIDC
The Semiconductor Policy 2022-27

• Aiming to make Gujarat a hub of
• Gujarat was the first and the only Indian State to
semiconductors
have a policy for the semiconductor sector.
• Micron’s plant will create 20,000 direct
• In the next five years, two lakh jobs will be
and indirect jobs.
created.
• Jamnagar-Ahmedabad Vande Bharat
• 40% more assistance will be provided by the
train will now connect to Sanand.
State Government in addition to Inidan Semicon
Government of India initiatives:
Policy
• Semicon India Program (Program for
• New Semicon City will be developed in Dholera
Development of Semiconductors and
Special Investment Region. (DSIR)
Display Manufacturing Ecosystem in
• 75% subsidy on purchase of 200 acres of land to
India), with an outlay of INR 760 billion.
eligible projects in Semicon City
• The Design Linked Incentive (DLI)
• 50% subsidy on additional land for India Semicon
scheme for promoting domestic chip
Policy eligible projects
design and innovation in the
• 100% refund in Stamp duty and registration fee
semiconductor sector.
for eligible projects
• India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) –
• Good quality water will be provided at the rate of
To drive the long-term strategies for
Rs 12 per cubic meter for the first five years
developing sustainable semiconductors
• Rs 2/unit subsidy for a period of 10 years on
and display ecosystem. Mission to be
Electricity bill. Exemption from paying electricity
led by Global experts in semiconductor
tax.
and display industry.
• For fast approvals Single window clearance
• India has signed a memorandum of
mechanism has been implemented.
understanding (MoU) with Taiwan for
cooperation in electronics and IT
sectors, including semiconductor manufacturing.
Rajkot International Airport at Hirasar
News: The state-of-the-art Greenfield airport will connect citizens of Saurashtra and boost business
“Union Civil Aviation Minister Shri Jyotiraditya Scindia said, “148 new airports have been built across the
country to provide affordable air travel to citizens under the UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) scheme.”
About UDAN scheme:
• Ministry of Civil Aviation’s flagship program Regional Connectivity Scheme UDAN
(UdeDeshkaAamNagrik) recently completed 5 years of success since the launch of it first flight by
Prime Minister on 27th April 2017.
• The scheme was initiated on 21st October 2016 with the objective to fulfil the aspirations of the
common citizen by following the vision of ‘UdeDeshkaAamNagrik’, with an enhanced aviation
infrastructure and air connectivity in tier II and tier III cities.
• There were 74 operational airports in 2014.
Because of the UDAN scheme this number has
increased to 141 by now.
• RCS-UDAN was formulated based on the review of
The National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP)-2016
and it was planned to remain in force for a period
of 10 years. It has a self-financing mechanism
with the development of Regional Connectivity
Fund (RCF). Under this Scheme, RCF was created,
which funds the VGF requirements of the scheme
through a levy on certain domestic flights. This way, funds generated from the sector themselves
stimulate the growth and development of the sector.
• Passengers have got the benefits of air connectivity, airlines have received concessions for
operating regional routes, unserved regions have received the direct and indirect benefits of air
connectivity for their economic development.
• Lifeline UDAN (for transportation of medical cargo during pandemic).
• Krishi UDAN (value realization of agriculture products especially in Northeastern Region {NER} and
tribal districts).
• International UDAN routes for NER to explore International Connectivity from / to Guwahati and
Imphal.
RCS Airports in Gujarat: Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Kandla, Keshod, Mundra, Porbandar, Statue of Unity (WA),
Sabarmati River Front (WA)
International Airports in Gujarat:
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport – Ahmedabad
• Surat Airport – Surat
• Vadodara Airport – Vadodara
• Rajkot International Airport – Rajkot
Gujarat Budget at a Glance
Context: The Gujarat Budget announced earlier this year was a significant one with several schemes,
initiatives and was the First Budget in the Amrit Kaal of India.
Important facts pertaining to Budget and Gujarat:
• The Budget has been divided into 5 pillars.
• The schedule of Budget 3 lakh 1 thousand and 22 crores is one of the biggest in history which has been
passed.
• Capital expenditure of Rs. 72, 509 crore has been increased, which is 91% higher than previous year.
• Gujarat has contributed 8.36% to the GDP of the country in the year 2021-22, with just 5% of the
country’s population.
• By recording a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.56% in the last decade Gujarat has become
the ‘Growth Engine of India’
Pillar1 à Basic amenities and social security for the
poor and needy.
• Mukhyamantri AdimJati Sarvangi Utkarsh
Yojana has been announced for the
comprehensive development of the Primitive
Tribes like Kotvaliya, Padhar, Siddi, Kolagha and
Kathodi, for 2 years.
• Mukhyamantri Shramik Basera Yojana for
welfare of construction workers Lodging facilities
equipped with basic amenities near work place.
• Family Identity Cards to be distributed for
seamless transfer of benefits.
Pillar2 à Development of Human resources through sustained development
• Inclusion of “Shree Anna” in Midday meal and Aanganwadi from next year.
• PM Jan Arogya –MA (PMJAY-MA) Yojana - 85 lakh families are getting free treatment under this
scheme. Annual Insurance limit per family increased from 5 Lakhs to 10 lakhs.
• Mission School of Excellence - For Digital education infrastructure along with basic facilities in
primary & secondary schools. 50,000 new classrooms, 1.5 lakh Gyan Kunj (smart classrooms), 20,000
computer labs, 5,000 stem labs and vocational labs facility will be setup within 3 years.
• Centre of Excellence to be setup in government engineering and polytechnic colleges for new age
technologies like 3D printing, AI, ML, EV, Semicon design, cloud services, cyber systems.
Pillar3 à Creation of World Class infrastructure facilities
• The third pillar has received highest budgetary allocation worth Rs. 5 lakh crores
• World class infrastructure is important to attract capital investment and improve ease of living. More
than 48% of population of Gujarat now live in cities.
• Government will invest in Urban Development, Energy, Roads, water, IT connectivity.
Pillar4 à Boosting economic activities in Agriculture, Industry and Service Sector.
• Special emphasis on Organic farming,
horticulture, farm mechanization,
smart farming and agro food
processing for multiplying monetary
gains to farmers.
• The Scheme for Assistance to
Industries under Atmanirbhar
Gujarat package has been announced
to encourage private investment in
the State.
• IT policy, semiconductor policy and Electronic policy has also been announced.
Pillar5 à Green Growth
• Gujarat Government’s focus is on – Green Hydrogen, Mission LIFE, four-fold increase in the outlay
for micro-irrigation, new scrapping policy, promoting circular economy, water audit to be
undertaken to encourage efficient use of water, use of paperwork in government work will be
reduced by 25% through implementation of e-SARKAR platform.
Cinematic Tourism Policy for Gujarat 2022-2027
Introduction
• The State Government has identified tourism as a one of the key sectors for socio-economic
development and further to promote Gujarat as a preferred tourist destination among the global
tourists and cinematic tourism is an excellent way for destination marketing and creates
opportunities for product and community entrepreneurship development.
• India has consistently been the world’s largest producer of films since 2007. The film and
Entertainment market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 50% between 2020 and 2023 . Hindi films
contribute almost 40% of the net domestic box office collections annually, while the films in 29 other
Indian languages account for approximately 50% of the annual domestic box office collections.
• The Indian television industry is very diverse and will remain as one of the largest segments in the
Media and Entertainment sector.
• The Commissionerate of Tourism (CoT), Government of Gujarat will act as a Nodal Agency for the
implementation of the Policy.
Vision, Mission and Objective:
Vision
• To establish Gujarat as the leading state in Tourism and Cinematic Tourism.
Mission
• To promote and develop an ecosystem for film production industries in the state, to stimulate the
tourism economy through cinematic tourism.
Objectives
• To promote destination Gujarat to
National and International travelers
through Cinematic Tourism.
• To promote the art, culture, and
heritage of Gujarat through motion
pictures across the globe.
• To attract investments & facilitate
the development of film
infrastructure in the state for film
production.
• To promote technical innovation in
film making/ film processing and animation in the sector.
• To enhance entrepreneurial opportunity and employability of the youth in the film production
industry.
What strategy does the policy seek to follow?
The three key components of strategy to establish Gujarat as a leading state in tourism and cinematic
tourism are:
1. Simplified Process - Simplifying the administrative process and strengthening of the existing
Single Window System.
2. Development of Infrastructure - To develop an ecosystem for the film shooting in the state it is
necessary to prioritize the development of film and television production-related infrastructure
in the State. The private participation in development of dedicated infrastructure such as Film City,
Film and TV Studio and Post-Production Facilities shall be encouraged.
3. Financial Incentives - In order to promote Cinematic Tourism, financial incentives will be provided to
encourage private participation in development of film production-related infrastructure and attract
filmmakers from India and abroad.
Gujarat to host 69th Filmfare awards:
• Gujarat will host the 69th edition of Filmfare Awards in 2024, with the state government's Tourism
Corporation signing an MoU with entertainment and lifestyle content company Worldwide Media to
host the event and promote the state as a film destination.
• Hosting such a prestigious award ceremony in the state will attract a large number of celebrities,
filmmakers and industry professionals to Gujarat, and this will boost tourism and local economy of the
state.
• The artists and filmmakers of Gujarat will get an
opportunity to interact and exchange ideas with
professionals of the Indian film industry and learn
about new trends, technology and techniques in
film production.
• Hosting the Filmfare awards goes in line with
Gujarat’s Cinematic Tourism Policy. It will not only
promote Tourism in Gujarat but also strengthen
state’s film ecosystem.
Gujarat Electronics Policy 2022-28
Important Statistics (India)

• PM Modi’s vision of USD 300 billion sustainable Electronics Manufacturing & Exports by 2026 accords
high importance to development of robust domestic electronics manufacturing capabilities.
• This vision has helped domestic production of electronic goods increase substantially from USD 37
billion in 2015-16 to USD 74.7 billion in 2020-21 growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of
17.9%.
• India’s share in global electronics manufacturing has grown from 1.3% in 2012 to 3.6% in 2019.
What is Gujarat’s Electronic Policy? What is its vision?
• Gujarat is committed to promote faster and inclusive growth in electronics sector.
• Gujarat is the first and only State in the country to issue a sector focused Semiconductor Policy
(2022-27) which aims to make Gujarat a major contributor in the Global Value Chain of semiconductor
and display manufacturing sector which will create an enabling foundation on which Gujarat will build
a robust Electronics Manufacturing ecosystem.
Vision:
• To position Gujarat as a national leader in the Electronics sector by encouraging and driving growth
through strategic Policy interventions, State-of-the-art infrastructure; and advancement into
research and innovation for promoting value led manufacturing.
What are the key objectives of the policy?
• To create USD 30 Billion of electronics manufacturing and
export in the entire value chain, thereby creating
opportunities for earning forex by import substitution and
export promotion.
• To create employment opportunities in Electronics sector
for 10,00,000 people by 2028.
• To promote manufacturing by augmenting fiscal and non-
fiscal support for Electronics sector.
• To enable active collaboration / partnership with
stakeholders in the Electronics industry to enhance the
availability of skilled manpower.
• To encourage industry led R&D and innovation across all sub-
sectors of Electronics industry.
What are the incentives and offerings under the policy?
The incentives are divided into two parts – Fiscal and Non-Fiscal Incentives
Fiscal Incentives Non-Fiscal Incentives
Capital Assistance Self-certification
One time reimbursement of 100% stamp duty and Single Window for Fast track approvals
Registration fee paid to government
Interest assistance Land allotment and identification – Gov’t plays
critical role here
Logistics subsidy Uninterrupted utility supplies
Incentives on Power Tariff and Electricity Duty Promotion of Gujarat electronics sector
Incentives for Developing Value-led electronics Regulatory approvals
Who will implement this policy?
• The Gujarat State Electronics Mission has been set up with a vision to build a vibrant Electronics
ecosystem to enable Gujarat’s emergence as a national hub for electronics manufacturing.
• Office of the Mission Director, GSEM shall implement this policy.
• DST will separately issue detailed implementation guidelines for effective implementation of the
policy.
• The State Government shall constitute a High-Powered Committee (HPC) for evaluating proposals
and for granting exceptional approvals for projects requesting support under this Policy.
PM-Mitra Park
News: Recently, The Gujarat government and the Centre signed a memorandum of understanding to set up
a PM MITRA textile park on a 462-hectare plot in Navsari district.
Background:
• The PM Mega Integrated Textile Regions and Apparel (PM MITRA) Park will come in Vansi-Borsi village
and will help the circular economy of the region.
• A Special Purpose Vehicle for the construction of the park, the state government will have 51% equity
in the SPV while the Centre will hold 49%.
• The park will also see the development of common facility centres such as material handling facilities,
training and skill development centre and testing centres.
What is PM-Mitra Park scheme?
• PM Mitra parks are a new initiative by the Government of India to boost the textile industry in the
country.
• The government has approved setting up of 7 PM Mitra parks in different states with a total outlay
of Rs. 4,445 crore.
• These parks will offer an opportunity to create an integrated textile value chain right from spinning,
weaving, processing/dyeing and printing to garment manufacturing at one location. This will reduce
the logistics cost of the industry and enhance its competitiveness in the global market.
• The PM Mitra parks are inspired by the 5F vision of Hon’ble Prime Minister - Farm to Fibre to Factory
to Fashion to Foreign.
What are some of the key facts of Textile Industry in Gujarat as highlighted by CM Bhupendra Patel?
• Gujarat has been a hub of textile manufacturing. It was earlier known as Manchester of East and now
it is known as textile state of India or denim capital of India.
• Gujarat is second in textile exports in the country. Almost 60-70 per cent of the country’s denim is
made in the state.
• Gujarat produces 37% of cotton in India and contributes 60% of its export from the country.
What is the likely impact of PM Mitra Park scheme?
• The PM Mitra park scheme is expected to have a positive impact on the textile sector in terms of
increasing production, exports, employment, income, and overall growth.
• The scheme is also aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9 - "Build
resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation".
• The PM Mitra park scheme is a step towards making India a global hub for textile manufacturing and
exports.
Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit 2024
News: Recently, the CM of Gujarat launched the website, mobile app and brochure for Vibrant Gujarat 2024.
Context: We will share some of important quotes and data as given by CM himself in his speech. It will provide
value addition to your mains answers.
Theme: ‘Gateway to the Future,’ The 10th edition of the Vibrant Gujarat Summit will take place from January
10 to 12, 2024, at the Mahatma Mandir.
Key Points:
• 9 editions have so far been executed between 2003 and 2023. These summits garnered incredible
participation, with over 42,000 delegates representing more than 135 countries.
• In 2019 alone, an impressive total of 28,360
Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were
inked, of which 21,348 projects have already
commenced, and 1,389 projects are actively under
implementation with a success rate of over 80
percent.
• Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit have yielded
significant economic outcomes for the state.
Gujarat now contributes approximately 8.4
percent to the country’s GDP, boasts a
substantial 33 percent share in exports,
accounts for 18 percent of the nation’s industrial production, and hosts 11 percent of the country’s
factories.
• The state is at the pinnacle, ranking first in start-ups and logistics, second in ease of doing business,
third in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and fifth in business registration.
The Drone Promotion and Usage Policy
News: The Drone Promotion and Usage Policy was launched by CM of Gujarat as a further step towards
making public services more effective, efficient using technology and to promote ‘ease of living’.
Where has Gujarat Government already made effective use of Drones before?
• The police force in Gujarat currently has a fleet of drones in operation and is used for law
enforcement.
• Drones were extensively used during the recent Rath Yatra.
• The Industries & Mines Department has also launched ‘TRINETRA’ drones to control illegal mining
activities.
What are the objectives of the policy?
• To promote the usage of drones by various Departments/Organizations of Govt of Gujarat in
operations and delivery of services to beneficiaries.
• To generate 25,000 new direct and indirect employment opportunities in drone services
ecosystem in the state.
• To attract investments to create Drone services ecosystem in the state.
Key Features of the policy:
• The tenure of this policy has been kept for five years.
• Encouraging young talent for innovation and Organization of Hackathon and Grand Challenge to be
promoted.
• To promote Drone training infrastructure for improving availability of qualified manpower.
• The user departments will provide preference to startups, Make in India companies, Micro and small
enterprises as per procurement policy of Government of Gujarat.
• Under the policy various departments, public sector undertakings and boards, organizations will
formulate plans and programs to promote the use of drones in their respective areas of operation
within 6 months.
Which departments are going to use drones and where?
Sr.No Department Application
1. Home Department Crowd Management, Vital Installation Security, VVIP Security, Border and
Coastal Security, Disaster Management, Security of Major Events and
Processions, Search Operations, Traffic Management
2. Department of Agriculture, Spraying of Pesticides, Fertilizer Application, Seed Sowing, Soil Quality
Farmers Welfare and Monitoring, Survey of Soil Erosion
Cooperation
3. Commissioner of Geology Surveillance of mining areas for geology and mining, prevention of illegal
and Mining, Department of mining, survey of mineral leases and blocks.
Industries and Mines
4. Department of Energy and Monitoring of oil and natural gas pipelines, monitoring of power lines,
Petrochemicals securing onshore and offshore assets
5. Department of Urban Urban land use planning, sanitation survey
Development
6. Gujarat State Disaster Rescue and Relief
Management Authority
7. Forest Department Lion Counting, Wildlife Tracking, Mapping and Monitoring, Ecological Audit,
Prevention of Poaching
8. Gujarat Pollution Control Monitoring of Emissions
Board
Other initiatives by Gujarat government:
• National conference on Drone technology hosted in Ahmedabad
• “Drone Mantra” lab at Kaushalya – The Skill University
• Arrangements for Drone pilot training at 50 ITI’s in Gujarat
Gujarat Renewable Energy Policy 2023
News: Recently, The Government of Gujarat notified Renewable Energy Policy-2023 to encourage setting up
of renewable generation projects based on Wind, Solar and Wind-Solar Hybrid technologies.
Renewable energy in Gujarat
• Gujarat has successfully demonstrated its
commitment towards clean energy with
installed Renewable Capacity of 21.6 GW at
present in which the addition of about 11 GW
has taken place during last 4 years.
• State is blessed with 1600 kilometers of long
coast line which has a good potential for
development of offshore wind energy.
• The focus of Government of Gujarat is to now
leverage the State's potential of 36 GW of
solar capacity and 143 GW wind capacity for
augmenting renewable capacity.
Vision
• To achieve the State's Sustainable Development Goals by rapid transition to clean energy sources.
• To make available quality, reliable and cost competitive renewable power to consumers with
conducive policy framework.
• To achieve 50% of cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy
resources by the year 2030.
Objectives of the Policy
• To tap the Renewable Energy potential available in the state
• Increase the share of RE and ensure energy security to reduce dependency on fossil Fuels
• To supply day time power to Agricultural Consumers
• To reduce the carbon footprint and hedging the energy cost
• Promote decentralized RE generation
• Promote investment, employment & skill enhancement and local manufacturing, Start-Ups, etc. in the
RE sector;
• Encourage research and development and deployment of innovative technologies, pilot projects,
etc. in the RE sector;
• Promote energy efficiency by creating energy awareness
Policy scope
• All ground mounted solar, roof top solar, floating solar, canal top solar, wind, rooftop wind and wind-
solar hybrid projects shall be covered under this policy.
• The provisions of this policy shall not be applicable to RE projects set up for the purpose of supply of
power to the units producing Green Hydrogen and Green Ammonia which will be covered under a
separate policy for Green Hydrogen/Green Ammonia sector to be notified by Government of Gujarat.
What is India’s Panchamrit to fight Climate Change?
Panchamrit is a set of five commitments that the Indian government presented at the 26th session of the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26)
• To raise the non-fossil fuel based energy capacity of the country to 500 GW by 2030.
• By 2030, 50% of the country’s energy requirements would be met using renewable energy sources.
• The country will reduce the total projected carbon emission by one billion tonnes between now and
the year 2030.
• The carbon intensity of the economy would be reduced to less than 45% by 2030.
• The country would become carbon neutral and achieve net zero emissions by the year 2070.
Other renewable energy policies in Gujarat
• Gujarat Solar Power Policy 2021
• Waste to energy policy 2016
• Subsidy for Residential Rooftop Solar plants
• Gujarat Wind solar hybrid power policy 2018
• Gujarat Small Hydel policy 2016
Gujarat State Biotechnology (BT) Policy 2022-27
Context: The Gujarat State BT policy 2022-27 holds significant importance from mains exam perspective.
Status of BT in Gujarat:
• Gujarat’s Biotechnology sector has more than 200 biotechnology companies.
• Gujarat also holds the distinction of having maximum number of patents among all Indian states, with
3,637 licensed units engaged in drug manufacturing.
• Government of Gujarat has also announced plans to establish a Bulk Drug Industrial Park in Jambusar
Taluka of Bharuch District and a Medical Device Industrial Park at Viramgam/ Rajkot.
What is Biotechnology?
• Biotechnology is the use of living organisms,
systems and processes to make products and
technologies that can improve the lives of humans
and make a better planet. For example, making
pest resistant crops, stem cell therapy, new
bacterial strains etc.
What are the objectives of the policy?
• To promote ecosystem strengthening projects, to
develop strategic and emerging sectors in
biotechnology and to encourage sustainable living
by promoting adoption of bio-technologies,
biotechnology products and services.
What are the targets of the policy in the next 5 years?
• Support at least 500 Units/ Businesses in biotechnology sector
• Attract more than INR 20,000 crores of investments
• Create more than 1.2 lakhs employment in biotechnology sector
• Make Gujarat the leading state in Biotechnology
What forms a Biotechnology product?
Manufacturing of Products/ Development of Technologies/ Products such as:
• Vaccines including recombinant vaccines for use in humans or animals
• Biochips, Biosensors and Biomedical Devices based on biotechnology
• Probiotics and other Biotechnology-based nutraceuticals
• Bio-fertilizer, Bio-pesticides and similar products
• Biofuels and Bioplastics
• Any Biotechnology product which uses or is derived by using i) Living system ii) Enzymes iii) Protein iv)
Biomolecules and any of following processes such as Genetic engineering, Gene-editing, Nano-
Biotechnology based processes, Tissue culture etc.
Significance of Biotechnology:
• Food security
• Biofortification – Improve nutritional quality of food crops. Eg – Golden rice (better source of
vitamins)
• Animal biotechnology – improve productivity of livestock
• Bioremediation – To consume and breakdown environmental pollutants
• Bioenergy – Use of biodiesel and bioethanol
• Tackle diseases – Finding solution to zika/corona virus, antibiotic resistant bacteria
Challenges
• Complex IPR regime – Section 39(d) of patents amendment act 2005 demands strict criteria thus
dampening Foreign investment prospects
• Government can suspend patent at times of health emergencies
• Lack of acceptance of biotechnology due to minimum awareness
• Less lucrative as quality and number of jobs is less
• Lack of marketization
Employment and Skilling opportunities in Gujarat
Context: We will look at statistics around Employment and different initiatives taken by the state to improve
skilling outcomes for people.
Some important statistics: According to employment offices in the state, in the year 2022-23 a total of
3,00,707 youths in Gujarat were given jobs in different areas.
• According to the report “Employment exchanges statistics-2022” released by Ministry of Labour
and Employment, in the year 2021, Gujarat stood first in India in giving jobs.
• According to Periodic labour force survey (PLFS) released by MOSPI, the unemployment rate in
Gujarat (across all ages) stood at 2.2% while India’s total figure was 4.2%.
Some of the Initiatives taken by Gujarat for Employment and Skilling are:
• Gujarat Skill Development Mission (GSDM) - This is an apex body for coordinating the state level
strategy and programs for skill development leading to employment. GSDM was established in
February, 2009 under the chairmanship of Hon’ble Chief Minister of Gujarat. GSDM covers various
sectors and job roles through different schemes such as Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra (KVK), Pradhan
Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY 3.0- Recognition of Prior Learning), Project Sankalp, etc.
• Mukhyamantri Skill Development Initiative (MSDI) - This is a dashboard that has been planned to
make skilling more reliable, accessible and transparent. MSDI aims to create a common database
platform and single reporting system for all skill development initiatives in Gujarat through this
integrated portal.
• Kaushalya – The Skill University has been established vide an Act of Gujarat Assembly in October,
2021 with the objective of “Education with Skill” and aims at making youth ‘Skill Smart’.
One District One Product (ODOP)

News: ODOP program, an initiative under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
(DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry, launched its first collaboration with the Government of Gujarat in
New Delhi to promote the indigenous crafts and artisans of the State.
What is ODOP initiative?
• ODOP initiative is aimed at fostering balanced regional development across all districts of the
country. The initiative aims to select, brand, and promote at least One Product from each District
(One District - One Product) of the country for enabling holistic socioeconomic growth across all
regions.
ODOP and Gujarat:
• Gujarat, with its 33 districts, exemplifies the vast geographic coverage and potential for diverse
products across the state.
• ODOP-Gujarat features a rich collection of 68 unique products, ranging from traditional crafts like
Gamthi Block print and Mata-ni-Pachedi to agricultural goods such as groundnuts and cumin.
• ODOP interventions in Gujarat have been, specifically focused on certain products to enhance their
market presence. For example, Government e-Marketplace (GeM) onboarding drives have been
conducted for Sujani Handloom, Jamnagari Bandhini, and Patan Patola.
• Additionally, support from the National Institute of Design (NID) workshop has been provided for
Agate Stone in Khambat district and Sujani from Bharuch district.
WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit 2023
News: The first-ever World Health Organization (WHO) Traditional Medicine Global Summit 2023 was
conducted last month in Gandhinagar.
Key outcomes of summit:
• World Health Organization (WHO) has released the outcome document of first WHO Traditional
Medicine Global Summit 2023 in form of “Gujarat Declaration”.
• The declaration reaffirmed global commitments
towards indigenous knowledges, biodiversity and
traditional, complementary and integrative medicine.
WHO underlined that the application of rigorous
scientific methods is needed to better understand,
assess and, where appropriate, apply more holistic,
context-specific, complex and personalized approaches
for health and well-being for all.
• It reiterates that India as host of the WHO Global
Traditional Medicine Centre at Jamnagar, Gujarat has an
important role in scaling up WHO’s capacities to support
member states and stakeholders in taking forward the
summit action agenda and other relevant priorities.
• Gujarat declaration talks about scaling up efforts to further implement evidence-based TCIM
(Traditional complimentary integrative medicine) interventions and approaches in support of the goal
of universal health coverage (UHC) and all health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
What is Traditional Medicine?
• The WHO describes traditional medicine as the sum total of the ‘knowledge, skills and practices that
indigenous and different cultures have used over time to maintain health and diagnose and treat
physical and mental illness’.
What are the traditional medicine systems in India?
• It involves practices and therapies that have been part of Indian tradition historically such as yoga,
Ayurveda, Siddha. It also includes other systems that became part of Indian tradition over the years
such as homeopathy.
What are the benefits of Traditional Medicine?
• They are generally cheap and affordable. AYUSH medicines have lesser side effects than modern
medicine.
• It has proven to be effective in lifestyle diseases like diabetes and hypertension
• It is used to provide healthcare in rural hinterlands where there is a shortage of allopathic doctors.
• Ayurvedic/Herbal Ukala, medicines, and other products by developing AYUSH-Ayurveda sector were
effective in India’s fight against Covid.
• Post pandemic demand for Ayurvedic medicines has increased.
Challenges associated with Traditional medicines:
• Many allopathic doctors don’t believe in the traditional system.
• They question the credibility of AYUSH practitioners and are against their inclusion into the modern
health care system.
• Scientific validation of AYUSH medicines has not progressed despite dedicated government
expenditure.
• The practitioners lack quality as Ayurvedic graduation and post graduation courses are often
substandard and of poor quality.
What are the steps taken by Indian government to promote Traditional medicines?
• In 2014, the Union government established the Ministry of AYUSH, a separate ministry dedicated to
traditional medicine and treatment.
• National Ayush Mission
• The new category 'AYUSH Aahar’ introduced by the FSSAI in its regulations will help the producers of
herbal nutritional supplements.
• The AYUSH Export Promotion Council was setup to encourage exports and help find foreign markets.
• Ayush Visa and Ayush Mark
• The WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (WHO GCTM) has been established in Jamnagar,
Gujarat. The centre was established to support WHO’s efforts to implement the WHO Traditional
Medicine Strategy 2014-2023.
Gandhinagar Declaration
News: It was adopted at the end of the two-day meeting held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, to follow up on the
progress made to end tuberculosis (TB) by the countries of the WHO South-East Asia Region.
About:
• The event witnessed a significant milestone in the signing of the Gandhinagar Declaration, the joint
declaration by the Health Ministers and WHO South-East Asia Regional Organisation (SEARO). It
expresses confidence that the WHO SEARO Region will be able to end TB by 2030.
• The declaration commends the initiatives taken by Member States to enhance community approach
against tuberculosis such as nutritional support to patients by individuals and groups, family-centric
care, and financial support to patients for nutrition- and treatment-related transportation, which
accelerates progress towards better outcomes and also reduces stigma.
SAUNI Yojana
News: Recently, the work of 3rd link package 8 and 9 under SAUNI Yojana was completed. It will benefit 95
villages totaling around 52,000 acres with irrigation and drinking water facilities.
What is SAUNI Yojana?
• The Saurashtra Narmada Avtaran Irrigation
(SAUNI) Yojana is a project launched by the
Gujarat government. The primary objective of
this project is to divert one Million Acre Feet
(MAFt) of excess overflowing flood water from
the Narmada, allocated to the Saurashtra
Region. This water is then distributed to 115
reservoirs across eleven districts of Saurashtra
through a total of 1126 km long four link
pipelines.
• The SAUNI project is unique because it uses
pipelines instead of the conventional open
canals employed in most irrigation projects.
This approach addresses the land acquisition disputes and challenges that are commonly
encountered.
What are the 4 links?
• Link 1: From Machhu-II dam of Morbi district to Sani Dam of Jamnagar District.
• Link 2: From Limbdi Bhogavo-II Dam of Surendranagar District to Raidi Dam in Amreli District.
• Link 3: From Dholidhaja Dam of Surendranagar District to Venu-I Dam in Rajkot District.
• Link 4: From Limbdi Bhogavo-II Dam of Surendranagar District to Hiran-II Irrigation scheme of
Junagadh.
What are the benefits of SAUNI project?
• Improved Irrigation: The project aims to fill 115 reservoirs with Narmada water by diverting excess
overflowing flood water. This will provide a reliable water source for irrigation, improving crop yield
and farming productivity.
• Increased Crop Diversity: With a consistent water supply, farmers will have the opportunity to
diversify their crops. They can grow water-intensive crops that were previously not possible due to
water scarcity.
• Reduced Dependence on Monsoon: Traditionally, agriculture in this region has been heavily
dependent on monsoon rains. The SAUNI project will reduce this dependence by providing a consistent
water supply throughout the year.
• Boost to Economy: The increase in agricultural productivity is expected to boost the local economy.
It can lead to increased income for farmers and stimulate growth in related industries.
• Land Conservation: Unlike traditional irrigation projects that require large tracts of land for canals,
the SAUNI project uses pipelines, thereby conserving land.
• Drinking Water Supply: Apart from irrigation, the project will also provide drinking water to the
drought-prone areas of Saurashtra.
Sujalam Sufalam Jal Abhiyan
News: Recently, the 6th phase of Sujalam Sufalam Jal Abhiyan was concluded.
What is the Sujalam Sufalam Jal Abhiyan yojana?
• The Sujalam Sufalam Yojana is a water conservation scheme launched by the Gujarat government in
2018.
• The scheme aims to deepen water bodies, desilt and repair existing water structures, clean and
maintain water canals, and revive rivers in the state before the monsoon season.
• The scheme also involves public participation and cooperation, and provides employment
opportunities and soil benefits to the farmers.
• The scheme has increased the water storage capacity of the state by 86,196 lakh cubic feet and
created 177 lakh daily employment through 74,509 works in the last five years.
Key Highlights of 6th phase of Abhiyan:
• A total of 24,153 works in this campaign were planned and by end of 31st May around 23,860 works
have been completed.
• At end of 104 days of this campaign, a total of
12,70,000 labor day work opportunities were created.
• A total of 161 checkdams were repaired.
What are the advantages of the campaign?
• Increase in water storage will raise the groundwater
level
• Digging and desilting have brought out sand/soil
which have helped the farmers.
• Irrigation system were strengthened and more land
was brought under ambit of irrigation.
• Farmers have become wealthy due to increase in
agricultural production as irrigation system has
become strong.
• As this campaign is run with public participation, water wastage has reduced.
• At the local level, problems of domestic consumption, drinking water for cattle was solved.
Van Kavach
News: CM Shri Bhupendra Patel inaugurated ‘Van Kavach’ at Jepura near Pavagadh.
Background:
• This was the 2nd Van Kavach in Gujarat while
the first one was inaugurated at Ambaji
earlier this year.
• The Van Kavach at Jepura was dedicated to
the state on the occasion of 74th Van
Mahotsav.
What is Van Kavach?
• Van Kavach is basically a modified version of
Miyawaki method (Japan) of forestation
considering local conditions to grow small forest clusters.
• This method of plantation will be used to create forest clusters in urban and semi urban areas.
• The initiative will include plantation, fencing of the plantation area, beautification and building
walkways in the forest clusters.
Key points about Van Kavach at Jepura:
• More than 11 thousand plants of over 100 types have been meticulously planted in the ‘Van Kavach,’
• The ‘Van Kavach’ has a replica of forests found in Central Gujarat with more than 100 trees, shrubs,
and herbs. Among the useful herbs are Arjun Sadad, Meendhal, Samidha Kanjo, Kusum, Charoli, Timru,
Ardusi, Vayvarno, Parijatak, and Ashwagandha.
• Additionally, rare species like Patla, Kilai, Patrali, Susum, Bhilamo, Tetu, Bhoot Alan, Kumbhayo,
Bhammarchal, Ragat rohido, Muttersing, Bothi, etc., have also been planted.
World Lion Day 2023 celebrated in Gandhinagar in the presence of Gujarat CM

• A new Safari Park in Una taluka has been approved in the budget
• The lion population has steadily increased from 411 (2010) to 674 (2020).
• Lion’s range area extends to 30,000 sq.km including Chotila, Sayla, Amreli, Bhavnagar besides Gir
• 8 lakh tourists visited Gir last year
The Lion Anthem film was released
• This film has been produced by Ekta Janmay ----------- About Asiatic Lion---------
• A member of the Panthera Leo species that is
Chokshi and directed by Rohan Trivedi.
restricted to India.
• The music has been composed by Nishit Mehta, • Its previous habitats consisted of West Asia
sung by Brijraj Gadhvi while Parth Tarpara is the and the Middle East before it became extinct
in these regions.
lyricist.
• Asiatic lions are slightly smaller than African
The ‘Sinh Suchna’ web app was launched. lions.
• Which will provide exact information regarding • The most striking morphological character,
which is always seen in Asiatic lions, and rarely
the location and movement of the lions in real-
in African lions, is a longitudinal fold of skin
time. running along its belly.
Two books were also released Distribution:
• They were once distributed in West Bengal,
• The King of the Jungle – Asiatic Lion of Gir’ by Dr.
Madhya Pradesh.
Sakkira Begum • At present Gir National Park is the only abode
• ‘Hu Gir no Savaj’ by Shri Arvind Goswami Protection Status:
• IUCN Red List: Endangered
The Project Lion has been launched with the vision of
• CITES: Appendix I
Lion at 2047- Vision for Amrit Kaal. • Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972: Schedule I
• A budget of ₹2,900 crore has been allocated for
this project
• Plans to develop basic infrastructure including a Breeding Centre for lions, Isolation Centre, Radio
collar, use of drones, and health centre for lions.”
You must also know: The Gujarat government had earlier proposed the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary as 2nd
alternative habitat for Asiatic lions in Gujarat.
• Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Porbandar district of Gujarat, India. It's about 15 km from the
coast of Porbandar. (Approx 100 kms away from Gir NP)
Nature Education and Ecotourism Camp Site at Balaram, Banaskantha as part

of the Wildlife Week celebrations
• A nature education and ecotourism camp site
The National Wildlife Week is celebrated
has been constructed at Balaram Ujani Griha from the 2nd to the 8th of October every year
Chitrasani in an area of approximately 5 in India.
hectares. • Wildlife Week was conceptualized in
1952 with a long-term goal to safeguard
• The aim - to make the future generation feel
the lives of the endangered and threatened
connected with nature through nature species of animals. Wildlife Day was first
education camps and ecotourism. observed in 1955, but later in 1957, it was
renamed Wildlife Week.
• Various activities like plantation of fruit trees,
• The Indian Government has established an
water facility through wind mill, trap, camera Indian Board of Wildlife, which strives to
rotation, check dam, forest pond, guzzler, spread awareness in order to preserve the
wildlife.
artificial rafts, artificial caves are done for the
• The week comprises workshops to make
conservation of wildlife. people of every age comprehend the
• Due to the conservation and breeding efforts of complexities of wildlife.
the Banaskantha Forest Department, the highest population of bears and Egyptian vultures in Gujarat
has been recorded in Banaskantha.
• The opening of this nature education and ecotourism camp site will also provide employment
opportunities to local people.
Junagadh civic body gets water credits for rainwater harvesting
News : The Junagadh Municipal Corporation (JuMC) has cashed in on the heavy rainfall and become the first
civic body in India to earn water credits
• A detailed scrutiny of the project was carried out by a UNFCCC-authorized agency United Water
Registry (UWR).
• This is the first project by any civic body in India that earned water credits and they can earn hefty
amounts in the future that can be used in other developmental works
Background
• As part of global efforts to save fast-depleting water sources, the United Nations Framework for
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2014 began issuing water credits through designated
agencies that can help civic bodies, industries, and residential societies en cash credits for stored
rainwater.
National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission
News: The Prime Minister of India has launched the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission in Madhya
Pradesh.
What is Sickle Cell Disease? - Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and
function of red blood cells. It causes them to become sickle-shaped and sticky, leading to blockage of
blood vessels and reduced oxygen supply to various organs.
• This condition leads to shortened Red Blood Cell (RBC) survival and subsequent anaemia, often called
Sickle-Cell Anaemia (SCA). Common symptoms are jaundice, liver and spleen enlargement.
• Stem cell or bone marrow transplants (Hematopoietic stem cell transplant) are the only cure for this
disease, but they involve significant risks.
• India is the second-worst affected country in terms of predicted births with SCA — i.e., chances of
being born with the condition.
About National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission:
• The objective of the mission is to provide affordable
and accessible care to all SCD patients, ensure the
quality of care and lower the prevalence of the disease.
The vision of the mission is to eliminate SCD as a public
health problem in India before 2047.
• It will be carried out in a mission mode and will
emphasize a three-pillar strategy i.e., i) Health
promotion: Awareness generation & pre-marital
genetic counselling ii) Prevention: Universal screening and early detection and iii) Holistic
Management & Continuum of Care.
• Beneficiaries: Covering the entire population from 0 to 18 years of age and shall incrementally include
the entire population up to 40 years as a part of the National Health Mission (NHM).
• Initially, the focus shall be on 17 states with a higher prevalence of SCD including Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, MP, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, etc.
• The mission aims to cover 7 crore people with screening, counselling for prevention and care for
people with SCD in three and half years.
• The programme would be an integration with existing mechanisms and strategies (such as Pradhan
Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan) under NHM.
India MedTech Expo 2023
News: Recently, Hon’ble Chief Minister Shri Bhupendra Patel inaugurated India MedTech Expo-2023,
organized by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, FICCI, and the MedTech Industries Association of the
Government of India, in Gandhinagar.
Key points by CM of Gujarat:
• Gujarat is a leading exporting state in the medicine and pharmaceutical sector.
• The construction of the Medical Devices Park in Saurashtra and the Bulk Drug Park near
Ankleshwar is in progress.
• Gujarat accounts for 30 percent of India’s total pharmaceutical manufacturing, and high-quality
research and development facilities are also available in the state at a low cost.
Key points by Union Health Minister:
• India’s aim is to become ‘self-reliant’ in the medical devices sector and reduce dependence on import.
• FDI up to 100 percent is allowed for the manufacturing of medical devices under the automatic route.
• In addition to the National Medical Device Policy 2023, the government has recently launched an
Export-Promotion Council for Medical Devices and a scheme to support the Medical Device Cluster.
• PLI (Production Linked Incentive) scheme by the Central Government has played a pivotal role in
promoting the production of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) for pharmaceuticals and
medical devices.
World Space Week was celebrated at the Regional Science Center of Patan district
• Chief Minister Shri Bhupendra

Patel inaugurating Scientific Expo
organized from 08th July to 10th
July at Mehsana
• Gujarat is the growth engine of
development and that is why it
has topped the recently released
Ease of Doing Business and topped
the state startup rankings for the
third time in a row
• The objective of this program is to use space technology for the welfare of the general public and
sustainable development.
• The theme of World Space Week 2023 is 'Space and Entrepreneurship'.
World Space Week
Date October 4th to October 10th annually
Origin Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999
To promote awareness of space science and technology, celebrate

Purpose
space achievements, and inspire future generations.
Historical Commemorates the launch of Sputnik 1 (October 4, 1957) and the

Significance signing of the UN Outer Space Treaty (October 10, 1967).
UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) and UN

Key Organizations
Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) oversee and support WSW.
National Multidimensional Poverty Index
News: Recently, The NITI Aayog released

the ‘National Multidimensional Poverty
Index: A Progress Review 2023’.
Key Findings:
• India has seen a 9.89% decrease in
multidimensionally poor people
from 2015-16 to 2019-2021, with
13.5 crore people escaping
poverty.
• The national MPI value has reduced
from 0.123 in 2015-16 to 0.071 in
2019-21, indicating an
improvement in the overall well-
being of the population
• The rural areas witnessed the
fastest decline in poverty from 32.59% to 19.28%, while the urban areas saw a reduction in poverty
from 8.65% to 5.27%
• However, one in seven Indians is multidimensionally poor.
What is National MPI?
• The project is aimed at deconstructing the Global MPI and creating a globally aligned and yet
customised India MPI.
• It seeks to draw up comprehensive Reform Action Plans with the larger goal of improving India’s
position in the Global MPI rankings.
• NITI Aayog is the nodal agency for the National MPI, ranking States and UTs based on their
performance.
What methodology does it follow?
• It captures overlapping deprivations in
health, education and living standards to
ascertain multidimensional poverty.
• Each of the specific parameters (under 3
broad categories) is assigned a value to
calculate what is called a ‘deprivation score’.
• The deprivation score is the sum of the
weighted status of all the indicators for an
individual – if it is more than 0.33, only then
an individual is considered
multidimensionally poor.
• The primary data source to arrive at these figures was National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5).
How have different states fared?
• BIMARU states - The number of people in poverty in rural areas witnessed the fastest decline (from
32.59 to 19.28%), owing to improvements in states like Bihar, UP, MP, Odisha, and Rajasthan.
• The number of states with less than 10% people living in multidimensional poverty doubled in the
five years between 2016 and 2021.
• Except for Bihar, no other state in India has more than one-third of its population living in
multidimensional poverty.
What initiatives have helped in reducing India’s multidimensional poverty?
• Improvements in indicators pertaining to access to clean cooking fuel, bank accounts, access to
drinking water and sanitation have helped.
• Flagship initiatives such as PM Jan Dhan Yojana, Swachh Bharat Mission, Jal Jeevan Mission, PM
Ujjawala Yojana have been helpful.
• Better nutrition and healthcare through PM Poshan Abhiyan, Ayushman Bharat, Anaemia Mukt
Bharat, Fortification of Rice etc have also helped.
What factors are keeping Indians multidimensionally poor?
• Within the health category, 3 sub-indicators – nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, and maternal
health – showed only moderate improvement.
• Lack of proper nutrition contributed close to 30% – the highest – in the overall calculation of India’s
MPI.
• Other indicators that did not record a significant decline include lack of years of schooling, inadequate
access to maternal health services and less-than-desired school attendance.
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index
News: According to Global MPI 2023, India registered a remarkable reduction in poverty with 415 million
people coming out of it in 15 years from 2005/2006 to 2019/2021.
What is Global Multidimensional Poverty Index?
• The multidimensional poverty index (MPI) is a measure of poverty that captures the multiple
deprivations that poor people face in health, education and standard of living.
The MPI is calculated by multiplying the incidence of poverty and the average intensity of poverty.
• The MPI 2023 is the latest update of the global MPI, which covers 110 developing countries and 6.1 billion
people, accounting for 92 percent of the population in developing countries.
• The report, titled “Unstacking global poverty: Data for high-impact action”, was launched on July 11,
2023 by the UNDP and the OPHI at the University of Oxford.
How does it measure multidimensional poverty?
• By constructing a deprivation profile for each
household and person across 10 indicators
spanning health, education and standard of
living.
• A person is multidimensionally poor if s/he is
deprived in one-third/33% or more of the
weighted indicators out of the 10 indicators.
• Those who are deprived of one-half or more
of the weighted indicators are considered
living in extreme multidimensional poverty.
Key Findings:
• The report reveals that 25 countries halved
multidimensional poverty within 15 years,
but 1.1 billion people remain poor of the 6.1 billion people covered by the report.
• The report also shows that 534 million of the 1.1 billion poor people live in Sub-Saharan Africa, 485 million poor
people live in severe poverty, and 566 million of the 1.1 billion poor people are children under 18 years of age.
• The report highlights the achievements and challenges of different countries and regions in reducing
multidimensional poverty.
• For example, India registered a remarkable reduction in poverty with 415 million people coming out of it in 15
years from 2005/2006 to 2019/20214.
• Cambodia also reduced its MPI value by more than half from 2014 to 2021/2022.
• As far as India is concerned, deprivation
declined in all sectors. The poorest states and
groups, including children and people in
disadvantaged caste groups, had the fastest
absolute progress.
What are the concerns raised?
• Child poverty is a pressing issue. The issue will
only exacerbate when negative impacts of Covid pandemic will be taken into account. The lack of
comprehensive data during the pandemic is in itself an issue.
• Poverty is visible more in rural areas with 84% of all poor people living in rural areas.
Way Forward
• The findings of the report indicate that poverty reduction is achievable, demonstrating the feasibility of the
SDG target 1 – ending poverty in all its forms everywhere by 2030.
Global Innovation Index
News: Global Innovation Index 2023 was published by the World Intellectual Property Organization.
About WIPO:
• The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is the global forum for intellectual property
policy, services, information and cooperation.
• A specialized agency of the United Nations, WIPO assists its 193 member states in developing a
balanced international IP legal framework to meet society's evolving needs.
• It provides business services for obtaining IP rights in multiple countries and resolving disputes. It
delivers capacity-building programs to help developing countries benefit from using IP. And it provides
free access to unique knowledge banks of IP information.
What is Global Innovation Index?
• The Global Innovation Index 2023 (GII), in its 16th edition this year, is published by WIPO in partnership
with the Portulans Institute, which is supported by its Corporate and Academic Network partners.
• Published annually, the core of the GII provides performance measures and ranks some 130-plus
economies on their innovation ecosystems.
Structure:
• The GII 2023 is calculated as the average of two sub-indices.
• The Innovation Input Sub-Index gauges elements that enable and facilitate innovative activities and
is grouped into five pillars: (1) Institutions, (2) Human capital and research, (3) Infrastructure, (4)
Market sophistication, and (5) Business sophistication.
• The Innovation Output Sub-Index captures the actual result of innovative activities and is divided in
two pillars: (6) Knowledge and technology outputs and (7) Creative outputs.
Key Findings:
• Top Five countries - Switzerland,
Sweden, the United States, the United
Kingdom and Singapore are the world’s
most innovative economies in 2023.
• India - India has maintained its 40th
rank in the Global Innovation Index (GII)
2023. In 2015, India stood at the 81st
spot and has been rising in the past
eight years.
• India ranked first among the 37 lower-
middle group of income and first among the 10 economies in Central and South America.
• India holds top rankings in key indicators such as: ICT services exports (5th rank), flow of venture
capital (6), graduates in science and engineering (11) and global corporate R&D investors (13).
• The areas where India needs to improve a lot are infrastructure (84th rank), business
sophistication (57) and institutions (56).
Global Gender Gap Report 2023
News: Recently, 17th edition of the Global Gender Gap Report 2023 has been released by the World Economic
Forum (WEF), evaluating the status of Gender Parity across 146 countries.
What is Global Gender Gap Report?
• The Global Gender Gap report 2023 is a publication by the World Economic Forum (WEF) that
benchmarks the progress towards gender parity across 146 countries and four dimensions:
economic participation and opportunity; educational attainment; health and survival; and
political empowerment.
• The report ranks countries based on their gender gap scores, which range from 0 (no parity) to 1 (full
parity).
Key Findings:
• The report shows that the world would take 131 years to close the overall gender gap between men
and women at the current rate of progress.
• The report also highlights that the Covid-19 pandemic has caused major setbacks for gender equality,
especially in the economic and political spheres.
• The most gender-equal country in 2023 is Iceland, with a score of 0.912, followed by Norway, Finland,
New Zealand and Sweden.
• The least gender-equal country is Yemen, with a score of 0.462, followed by Iraq, Pakistan, Syria and
Congo.
• United states rank 43rd, with a score of 0.748.
How has India fared in the Global Gender Gap Report 2023?
• According to the Global Gender Gap report 2023, India has improved its rank by eight places to 127 out
of 146 countries in terms of gender parity. India has closed 64.3% of the overall gender gap, marking
a partial recovery towards its 2020 parity level.
• India has achieved equality in enrolment across all levels of education, ranking 26 on the sub-index
with a score of 14.
• However, India has reached only 36.7% parity on economic participation and opportunity, with low
shares of women in senior positions and technical roles.
• India has also registered 25.3% parity on political empowerment, with women representing 15.1% of
parliamentarians, the highest for the country since 2006. India also has a female President who
assumed power following the 2022 Presidential election. India has achieved representation of women
of over 40% in local governance, which is among the highest in the world.
What are some of the challenges for Gender equality in India?
• Patriarchy - India has a patriarchal culture that values men over women and assigns them different
roles and expectations. Patriarchy also influences social norms, laws, and institutions that
discriminate against women and limit their opportunities.
• Education - Women and girls often face barriers to access quality education, such as poverty, early
marriage, domestic violence, and lack of sanitation facilities. As a result, they have lower literacy rates,
lower enrolment rates, and higher dropout rates than men and boys.
• Occupation - Women have less participation and representation in the formal labor market than
men. They face discrimination in terms of wages, benefits, promotions, and working conditions.
They also have less access to skills training, entrepreneurship opportunities, and financial resources.
• Preference of sons - India has a strong preference for sons over daughters, which leads to practices
such as sex-selective abortion, female infanticide, neglect of girls’ health and nutrition.
• Financial autonomy - Women have less control over their own income and assets than men.
What are some of the initiatives taken by government of India to promote Gender Equality?
• Some of the laws made by government such as Equal Remuneration Act, 1973; Protection of Women
from Domestic Violence Act, 2005; Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention,
Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013; Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006.
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
• Mahila Shakti Kendra (2017) – To empower rural women with skill development, digital literacy, health
and nutrition.
• Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK): This is an apex micro-finance organization that provides micro-credit
at concessional terms to poor women for various livelihood and income generating activities.
• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana – maternity benefits to pregnant and lactating mothers.
• Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – It mandates that the house should be registered preferably in the
name of the woman or jointly with her husband.
• Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana, Sukanya Samriddhi scheme, One-stop center scheme.
• Stand-up India scheme – The scheme mandates that loans be facilitated to at least 1 women
borrower per bank branch for setting up greenfield enterprises in the non-farm sector.
• Jan Dhan accounts to promote financial inclusion for women.
Export Preparedness Index
News: Recently, NITI Aayog has released the 3rd edition of Export Preparedness Index (EPI) for States/UTs
of India for the year 2022.
What is Export Preparedness Index?
• EPI is a comprehensive tool which measures the export preparedness of the States and UTs in India.
• Exports are vital for simulating economic growth and development in a country.
• The index undertakes a comprehensive analysis of States and UTs across export-related parameters
in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses.
• The 4 main pillars of EPI include I) Policy II) Business ecosystem III) Export Ecosystem and IV) Export
Performance
• It also includes 10 sub-pillars – Export promotion policy, R&D infra, Transport connectivity etc
Key Findings:
Top performers
• Tamil Nadu has topped in EPI 2022, followed by
Maharashtra and Karnataka.
• Gujarat, which held the top position in EPI 2021 has
been pushed to the fourth slot in EPI 2022.
Landlocked states
• Haryana topped the chart among the landlocked
regions, indicating its preparedness for exports. It
was followed by Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab,
Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
UT’s/Small States
• Goa ranked first in the EPI 2022 followed by Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
and Ladakh.
Hilly states
• Uttarakhand secured the top position among hilly/Himalayan states in the EPI 2022 followed by
Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Sikkim, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram.
What are important learnings from EPI?
• Coastal states have fared the best across all indicators
with six out of the top states in the index coming from
the coastal region of the country.
• In terms of strengths, the policy ecosystem is a
positive story with multiple states adopting the
necessary policy measures to drive exports in their
states.
• At the district-level, 73 % of districts in the country have
an export action plan and over 99 % are covered under
the ‘One District One Product’ scheme.
• However, some states have lagged in terms of
transport connectivity. The absence of air connectivity
hampers the movement of goods across regions.
• The lower performance of the country in terms of Research and Development (R&D) indicates the lack
of attention given to the role of innovation in exports.
Key Recommendations:
• Learn from the best performing states. • Diversify export markets, focus on sectors
• Capitalize on GI tagged products that facilitate better growth and export
• Foster product innovation. Invest more in prospects (Pharma, automotives, Textiles,
R&D for the same. renewables)
Ethanol Blending
News: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday announced that India has commenced the rollout of 20%
ethanol-blended petrol this year and the country's aim is to cover the entire nation by 2025.
India’s Ethanol Blending Programme:
• Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is a biofuel. It is formed by the fermentation of sugar sourced from sugarcane
or other organic matter like food grains.
• India started ethanol blending programme in 2003 with an aim to blend 5% ethanol in petrol in nine
States and four UTs.
• The ‘National Policy on Biofuels’, 2018
envisaged an indicative target of 20%
ethanol blending in petrol (E20) by 2030. It
has now been preponed to 2025.
How will India achieve its E20 target by 2025?
• Diversified Feedstocks –In addition to
sugarcane many mills/distilleries now use
various feedstocks such as B-heavy
molasses, direct sugarcane juice, rice, maize,
and other grains.
• Increased Production - The country’s ethanol supply to oil marketing companies (OMCs) rose
significantly from 38 crore liters in 2013-14 to 559 crore liters in 2022-23. This growth indicates a robust
production system in place.
• Higher Yields from Grains - Grains give higher ethanol yields compared to molasses. For instance, rice
produces 450-480 liters from one ton, while maize gives 380-400 liters. These higher yields can boost
overall ethanol production.
• Consistency in supply of ethanol throughout the year as some companies have innovated technologies
where distilleries operate on multiple feedstocks throughout the year.
What are the challenges in ethanol blending?
• Sugarcane is a water intensive crop. Promoting its cultivation may deplete our groundwater.
• Cost of flex-fuel vehicles would be higher compared to ordinary vehicles.
• Producing ethanol will continue to release Carbon dioxide emissions thus net benefit depends on how
ethanol is made.
• Transport of ethanol to different places for blending will increase the cost of logistics and transport
related emissions.
Way Forward
• Promote alternatives to sugarcane to produce ethanol.
• Higher ethanol blends can be provided with tax benefits just as how electric vehicles are encouraged.
Caste based Census
News: Recently, The Bihar government released figures of Caste survey conducted in the state of Bihar.
Background:
• The first caste-based census in India was conducted in 1871 during colonial times.
• The last Caste enumeration was done in 1931 census.
• In independent India, every Census from 1951 to 2011 has published data on Scheduled Castes (SCs) and
Scheduled Tribes (STs), but not on other castes1. The Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) was
conducted in 2011, which was the largest exercise of listing castes and has the potential for finding
inequalities at a broader level
What is Caste based Census? : A caste-based census is a survey that collects data on the economic status
and other caste-related information of every Indian family, both in rural
and urban areas.
Key Findings of Bihar caste survey
• Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Extremely Backward
Classes (EBCs) constitute more than 63% of the population of
Bihar.
• Bihar’s current population, according to the survey, is 13,07,25,310,
of which OBCs are 3,54,63,936 (27%) and EBCs are 4,70,80,514
(36%).
• The so-called “forward” castes or “General” category is only 15.5%
of the population.
• The data also shows that there are about 20% (2.6 crore)
Scheduled Castes (SCs), and just 1.6% (22 lakh) Scheduled Tribes
(STs).
What are the advantages/need of Caste based census?
• Understanding Social Inequality: It can help understand the
extent of social inequality in the country.
• Affirmative Action: It can address the issue of affirmative action by providing data on the population
of various castes.
• Identifying and Addressing Discrimination: The data can be used to identify and address
discrimination faced by certain castes. Indira Sawnhey judgment of SC had demanded that such
evidence be collected every 10 years to screen out privileged castes from benefits of reservation.
• Targeted Development Programs: The census can facilitate targeted development programs for
specific castes.
• Database for Research: The data collected can serve as a valuable resource for research.
What are the drawbacks of caste based census?
• The data collected may become a weapon for deepening faultlines and increasing polarization to
win elections.
• Caste census would lead to a clamour for higher quotas, and removal of 50% cap on reservation.
• It will further strengthen caste-based politics in India.
• Data Accuracy: There can be issues with data accuracy due to self-declaration of caste and variant
spellings of the same caste.
• Social Fragmentation: There’s a risk that it could lead to social fragmentation and caste enmities.
Conclusion
• In a changing India, in which education and technology are important equalizing forces, caste-based
affirmative action, fine-tuned with the help of caste numbers, can spur larger conversations on
aspiration and ambition, freedom and opportunity, and the need for ecosystem in which citizens are
neither unfairly privileged nor straitjacketed by their identities.
EXTRA ARTICLE – Editorial Special
Origin of the Israel-Palestine Conflict

• After WW1, Britain took control of Palestine, home to Jews and Arabs. Britain had to create a
Jewish homeland there, causing tensions.
• In 1947, the UN voted to split Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem
internationally managed. Jews accepted, Arabs rejected.
• Early Conflicts and Land Division
• In 1949, Israel won the first Arab-Israeli war.
• In 1967’s Six-Day War, Israel occupied Gaza from Egypt.
• In 1979, the Israel-Egypt treaty created the Palestinian Authority, with the Fatah party controlling
the West Bank and Gaza.
• The area is divided into the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Israel. Israel still occupies the West Bank
today.
• Ongoing Disputes
• Israel claims all of Jerusalem as its capital, while Palestine wants East Jerusalem for its future
state.
• Gaza is governed by Hamas, who aim to destroy Israel. Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian elections
and took over Gaza in 2007.
• The West Bank is under Fatah, who recognises Israel and wants a two-state solution. Fatah
established the Palestinian Authority in 1994 after the Oslo Accords with Israel.
• Many Palestinians distrust the Authority for working with Israel in the West Bank, a view promoted
by Hamas.
India-Israel relations
• Diplomatic Relations:
• Formal diplomatic ties established in 1992, despite recognition in 1950.
• Maintained diplomatic relations as of December 2020, indicating a positive relationship.
• New Delhi’s primary focus for now is the safety of 18,000 Indians currently living & working in
Israel.
• Economic and Trade Relations:
• Bilateral trade between India and Israel has seen a steady rise, reaching approximately USD 7.5
billion by January 2023.
• Diamonds constitute a notable share of this trade.
• The trade with Israel could be seriously disrupted if operations are halted at major Israeli ports like
Haifa, Ashdod and Eilat, which handle critical exports like agriculture, chemicals, vehicles and
machinery.
• Negotiations ongoing for a Free Trade Agreement to deepen economic ties.
• Defense Collaboration:
• Both countries actively explore opportunities for strengthened defense collaboration, exemplified
by the establishment of a Task Force to formulate a comprehensive Ten-Year Roadmap.
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, missiles, and radar systems have dominated India’s purchases from
Israel, totalling US$ 4.2 billion.
• comprising around 40% of Israel's annual arms exports.
• Agricultural cooperation
• In May 2021, a three-year agricultural cooperation agreement was signed, aiming to enhance
existing Centres of Excellence (CoE), establish new ones, expand value chains, and promote self-
sufficiency. The focus is also on fostering private sector involvement and collaboration.
• Science & Technology
• Various MoUs between Israel's Start-Up National Central and Indian entrepreneurship centers like
iCreate and TiE. Additionally, in 2022, both countries broadened the India-Israel Industrial R&D and
Innovation Fund (I4F), now encompassing renewable energy and ICT sectors,
• In other collaborations, Israel is joining the India-led International Solar Alliance (ISA), aligning with
both nations' objectives to boost cooperation in renewable energy and advance clean energy
initiatives.
India-Palestine Relations:
• Historical Solidarity:
• India has historically supported the Palestinian cause, emphasizing solidarity and understanding
the aspirations for statehood and sovereignty.
• Diplomatic Recognition:
• India formally recognized the State of Palestine in 1988, affirming its commitment to a two-state
solution for lasting peace in the region.
• Political Engagement:
• Regular high-level visits and interactions between Indian and Palestinian leaders demonstrate the
countries' strong political engagement.
• Development Assistance:
• India has extended developmental assistance to Palestine in various forms, including financial aid,
infrastructure projects, and capacity-building initiatives.
• UN Votes and Stances:
• India supports Palestine in international forums, consistently advocating for its rights and
participating in UN votes in favor of the Palestinian cause.
• Humanitarian Assistance
o India has provided humanitarian aid, including medical assistance and emergency relief, to
support the Palestinian people during crises.
• Involvement in Peace Process
o India supports a negotiated solution through direct dialogue between Israel and Palestine,
endorsing a two-state solution for sustainable peace in the region.
• Advocacy for Dialogue: India emphasizes the importance of dialogue and negotiation to resolve
conflicts and address the legitimate concerns of both Israel and Palestine.
India's stance on the Israel-Palestine issue is guided by a commitment to international principles of justice,
self-determination, and peaceful coexistence, seeking a just and comprehensive solution to the conflict. India
in the recent year has been following A Dehyphenation policy between Israel and Palestine
FAST TRACK 125 – One Liners
1. PM Modi inaugurates National Sickle Cell Anemia Eradication Mission
2. Government of India to develop National Maritime Heritage Complex in Gujarat
3. India's first indigenous nuclear reactor commissioned in Gujarat – Kakarapar Nuclear Plant
4. Amit Shah launches Akshar River Cruise in Ahmedabad
5. Amit Shah laid the foundation stone of the country's first cooperative-run Sainik School near
Mehsana in Gujarat
6. Gujarat govt doubles insurance cover under Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
7. India and Tanzania begin trading in local currency
8. Union government signs MoU with Tanzania to set up IIT Madras campus
9. Governments of India and Kenya to co-host 'International Millet Festival'
10. India and Singapore sign MoU for cooperation in public administration
11. Allahabad University will now offer PhDs in three foreign languages - French , Russian and
German
12. Gujarat signs six MoUs for mangrove plantation under MISHTI scheme
13. India and Panama sign MoU on Electoral Cooperation
14. Urban-20 Mayoral Summit begins in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar
15. India's first Vedic theme-based park unveiled in Noida
16. S Jaishankar has filed his nomination for the Rajya Sabha elections from Gujarat.
17. 3rd Trade and Investment Working Group Meeting begins in Kevadia
18. MoS DP Singh inaugurates Indian mango festival 'Amroos' in Russia
19. China launches its computer operating system called OpenKylin
20. The United States has the most powerful military in the world
21. Peru declares a health emergency as Guillain-Barré syndrome erupts

22. India, UAE signs MoU to promote use of local currency
23. Henley Passport Index 2023 – India ranks 80th ; Singapore is at the top
24. Us's largest reptile sanctuary wants to import gharial from India
25. UAE leads the world in mobile internet speed in June
26. Tata to set up EV battery factory in UK for £4 billion
27. China begins drilling a 10,000-metre-deep hole in earth's crust
28. Changed Twitter logo to 'X' , changed blue bird symbol
29. 1,275 railway stations to be upgraded under Amrut Bharat station scheme
30. Uttar Pradesh government launches 15-day mega registration drive for MSMEs
31. Nitin Gadkari inaugurates two highway projects worth Rs 48 crore in Vadodara
32. Microsoft ties up with Ministry of Skill Development to train students, teachers
33. AIIMS Nagpur becomes first AIIMS to get NABH accreditation
34. Srinagar to become smart city by June 2024
35. Tata Group signs deal with Gujarat for EV battery plant
36. Muthamese Selvi from Tamil Nadu climbs Mount Everest
37. Mansukh Mandaviya inaugurates National Food Safety and Standard Training Centre
38. The third meeting of theG20 Health Working Group began in Hyderabad
39. IIT-Kharagpur signs MoU with HCL for cooperation in petroleum engineering
40. National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) Rankings 2023 released; IIT Madras emerged as
the top college
41. India's first zero-carbon village is being developed in Bhiwandi

42. PM gives green signal to two projects namely Amrut Dharohar and MISHTI to revive wetlands,
mangroves
43. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) will launch the 'One Student One Tree
Campaign 2023' .
44. IIT-Madras produces hydrogen from sea water using solar energy
45. Himachal Pradesh signs MoU with Oil India Limited for Green Hydrogen
46. A reward system has been launched in Kerala for reporting illegal waste routes
47. Justice Venkatachalia launches app to provide legal aid
48. Women's 20 summit begins in Mahabalipuram
49. UAE wins World Meteorological Organization presidentship
50. Canada became the first country to start putting health warnings on cigarettes
51. India will remain the UAE's largest export destination by 2030
52. UAE to host world's largest defence conference in 2025
53. Israel tests first autonomous flying taxi
54. USA announces rejoining UNESCO in July 2023
55. Europe is the fastest-warming continent in the world: Climate Report
56. Global Gender Gap Index 2023: India ranks 127th ; Iceland is at the top
57. Published global liveliness index 2023; Austria's Vienna tops the rankings
58. Global Competitiveness Index 2023: India at 40
59. Indian-American Ajay Banga takes over as World Bank president
60. Dennis Francis elected as 78th President of UNGA
61. The award Which was much talked about "Swati Nayak" has won? - Norman E. Borlaug Award
62. When is World Heart Day celebrated every year? - 29 September
63. What is the theme of this year's World Heart Day? - 'Use the heart, know the heart'
64. Where is the 4th edition of the Indo-Latin America Cultural Festival being organized? - New Delhi
65. Which senior nuclear scientist has been appointed as the director of 'Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre'? - Vivek Bhasin
66. Recently, M.S.Swaminathan has passed away, he was a famous figure from which field? -
Agriculture
67. Recently the Global Innovation Index 2023 was released by whom? - World Intellectual Property
Organization
68. What is India's rank in the Global Innovation Index 2023? - 40th
69. In which event did the Indian men's shooting team (Sarabjot Singh, Arjun Singh Cheema and Shiva
Narwal) win a gold medal? - 10m Air Pistol
70. What is the name of the eighth continent of the world whose new map has been released? -
Zealandia
71. Which company is going to launch an earthquake warning service in India? - Google
72. Who has been honoured with the prestigious 'Eklavya Award' recently? - Palak Sharma
73. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has approved the TrueNat test to detect which
infection? - Nipah
74. Which film has been named as India's official entry for Oscars 2024?
“2018: Everyone is a hero”
75. What is the theme of this year's World Tourism Day? - 'Tourism and Green Investment'
76. Which cricket team has not qualified for the World Cup for the first time? - West Indies team
77. Actress Waheeda Rehman will be honoured with which Indian award? - Dadasaheb Phalke Award
78. After 41 years, which country has won a gold medal in equestrian at the Asian Games 2023? -
India
79. Who has been awarded the 'World Leader for Peace and Security Award 2023'? - 'Mata
Amritanandamayi Devi'
80. Which Player from Nepal has set the record for the fastest century in T20 history? - Kushal Mall
81. Who will be given the Dadasaheb Phalke Lifetime Achievement Award? - Waheeda Rehman
82. Where is the world's largest Hindu temple outside Of India located in the modern era? - New
Jersey
83. Recently, which country's women's cricket team has won a gold medal at the Asian Games 2023?
- Indian women's team
84. Which Italian racer has won India's first Ever Indian Grand Prix 2023 title? - Marco Bezechi
85. Which transport aircraft was also inducted into the Indian Air Force recently ? - C-295 MW
aircraft
86. Kiriteshwar village in which state has received the award as the best tourist village in India? -
West Bengal
87. Which ghat in Assam was chosen as the best tourist ghat in India? - Vishwanath Ghat
88. What became the world's most free economy? - Singapore
89. In which state will India's first lighthouse festival begin? - Goa
90. Which festival has been celebrated recently in the state of Odisha? - Nuakhai Zuhr
91. India's first green hydrogen fuel cell bus was launched in which state/UT - Delhi
92. Became the largest smartphone exporter in India ? - Apple
93. Recently, India's first 'Traffic Light Free City' has been created. - Kota, Rajasthan
94. The SIMBEX exercise between India and which country has started recently? - Singapore
95. In September 2023, who climbed Mount Manaslu, the world's 8th highest mountain peak? - Sunil
Kumar
96. Where was the fourth meeting of the G20 Infrastructure Working Group held in Madhya Pradesh?
- Khajuraho
97. Where was the 'Free From Food' event organized? - Dubai
98. With which country will the Indian Army participate in the joint military exercise 'War Exercise
2023'?
99. Which Indian-origin author's novel 'Western Lane' has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize 2023
? - Chetna Maru
100. Who launched PM Kisan AI-Chatbot (Kisan e-Mitra) ? - Kailash Chaudhary
101. Who launched the ‘Swachhata Train’ initiative?

• The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) launched it under Swachhata Pakhwada 2023 to raise
awareness about waste management in the city.
102. India recently allowed export of Non-Basmati white rice to which country after having imposed
restrictions globally on the same? à United Arab Emirates (UAE)
103. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) made this announcement on signaling a shift in India’s
export policies.
• Where is The “Statue of Equality” in memory of Baba Saheb Ambedkar set to be inaugurated? à The
tallest statue of B R Ambedkar, outside India is set to be unveiled in Maryland, USA on October 14. By
renowned artist and sculptor Ram Sutar, who also built the Statue of Unity.
104.Which country recently launched the Noor 3 military satellite? à Iran
105.Which country recently launched Southeast Asia's first high speed railway project named Whoosh
Indonesia has inaugurated WHOOSH. This bullet train will connect Jakarta and Bandung
106.Military Exercise SAMPRITI is conducted between which 2 countries? àIndia and Bangladesh commenced
the 11th edition of their annual joint military exercise, SAMPRITI, in Umroi, Meghalaya.
107. Who came the first Indian woman to win a javelin gold in Asian Games history? à India’s Annu Rani won
the gold medal in the women’s javelin throw with a 69.92m throw at the Asian Games 2023 in Hangzhou.
108. Where is NEEV literature festival 2023 organized? à Neev Academy in Yemalur, Bengaluru. This
year, the theme of the event is ‘What is childhood without stories?’
109.Which operation was recently launched by Indian government to bring home citizens from Israel-Hamas
war zone? à Operation Ajay
110. Which space agency recently marked Europe’s first fully private rocket launch thereby achieving a
significant milestone?
• Spanish aerospace company PLD Space has achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching its
recoverable Miura-1 rocket.
111. Which team won Durand Cup 2023 trophy? à Mohun Bagan Super Giant beat East Bengal (1-0) to win the
Durand Cup 2023 trophy at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata, West Bengal.
112. Global Fintech Fest 2023, Event organized by Payments council of India, Fintech convergence council, NPCI
Theme: ‘Global Collaboration for a Responsible Financial Ecosystem: Inclusive | Resilient | Sustainable.
113. Hospital Arogya Maitri Cube à India introduces the world's first mobile hospital as part of Prime Minister
Narendra Modi's "Project BHISHM" (Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog Hita and Maitri).
• These mini-cubes contain almost everything necessary for the survival of 100 survivors for a period of 48
hours.
114. Which city in India became the First Solar City of the country? à The World Heritage Site Sanchi in Madhya
Pradesh’s Raisen district has become India’s first solar city.
115. 5. Which Formula 1 driver set new record for most consecutive wins (10 wins) in Formula 1? à Max
Verstappen has won the Italian Grand Prix and sets a new record for the most consecutive wins
116. Who became the First transgender to represent Canada in International cricket (ICC)? à Danielle McGahey
She had fulfilled the eligibility criteria for male to-female (MTF) transition, per ICC.
117. US Open 2023 winners
• Men’s Singles – Novak Djokovic (4th US Open) & (24th Grand Slam)
• Women’s Singles – Coco Gauff
118. Who won silver medal in his maiden appearance in The 2023 Archery World cup? à Indian archer
Prathamesh Jawkar narrowly missed out on a gold in the men’s compound event and settled for a silver
medal at the Archery World Cup Final 2023 in Hermosillo, Mexico.
119. Which country won Basketball’s 2023 FIBA world cup? à Germany
120. When is National Forest Martyr’s day observed? à September 11.
• Chief Minister Shri Bhupendra Patel inaugurated Gujarat’s first ‘Vanpal Memorial’ at Van Chetna Kendra,
Gandhinagar, on the occasion of ‘National Forest Martyr’ Day.
121. Which railway station was renamed as Martyr Captain Tushar Mahajan Rly station? à Udhampur station.
122. Where was The 14th edition of the World Spice Congress (WSC) conducted? à Vashi, Navi Mumbai
123. Which state in the USA will celebrate the month of October as ‘Hindu Heritage Month’? à Georgia
124. Who was appointed as first women chairperson of the Railway board? à Jaya Verma Sinha
125. Which scheme was honored with the prestigious National Award for E-governance 2023 (Gold)?
• The SVAMITVA (Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas)
Scheme, initiated by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
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taught by Sagar sir, Priyank sir and other faculties. This
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(CLASSROOM PROGRAM STUDENT) DICS which proved to be a big help for a wanderer like me
who had apparently zero knowledge or exposure in Civil
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institute proved to be the solution to many of the
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and is willing to work extremely hard, I strongly
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prospects in the UPSC.
In Gujarat, DICS stands out as the true guiding light for

Civil Services aspirants. Unlike profit-driven institutes,
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directors, syllabus wise arranged materials, toppers
guidance provided by support from the institute
(notes, doubts solving) is perfect recipe for the success
in the exam.
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Table of Contents

One Liners for Prelims Value addition material

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

Gujarat’s Harappan Necropolis

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati

News: Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently addressed a

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DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

‘Samuhik Shramdan’ and ‘Swachhata Hi Seva Abhiyan’ - Gandhi Jayanti

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Question 4 – On option of Civil unions for Queer couples.

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Dhordo village - the Best Tourism Villages in 2023

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

Therefore, Significance of MISHTI scheme is in line with India’s

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

Indian Ocean Dipole

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

News: Recently, Wildfires in US, Canada and several

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

Vanadium discovered in Gujarat

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Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors

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Ramsar Sites/Wetlands of Gujarat

What are Wetlands?

Ramsar Sites of Gujarat (Total 4)

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About Thol Lake WS

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

crane (Grus antigone) and the near-threatened black-necked stork

DELHI INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL SERVICES DICS.CO

Gujarat Public Universities Bill-2023

Antyodaya Shramik Suraksha Yojana

News: Recently, CM Bhupendra Patel inaugurated 21 City Civic Centres.

‘National e-Vidhan Application’ (NeVA) project

News: It was inaugurated by Hon’ble President Droupadi Murmu

Gujarat Local Bodies (Amendment) Bill - Justice Jhaveri Commission

Gujarati to be taught mandatorily in Gujarat schools for classes 1-8

Gujarat Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2023

Ayushman Bhav Campaign was launched

Administrative reforms in India

What is Mission Karmayogi?

Uniform Civil Code

The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023

Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Act 2023

Nari Shakti Vandana Adhiniyam 2023

Simultaneous Election – One Nation One Election

News: The Shala Praveshotsav marked 20 years since its

News: PM Modi launched Mission school of Excellence at Trimandir, Adalaj.

Mukhya Mantri Gyan Setu Merit Scholarship Yojana

Mukhya Mantri Gyan Sadhna Scholarship scheme

Swami Vivekananda Gyan Shakti Residential Schools