GOVERNMENT OF MANIPUR

MAYAI LAMBI COLLEGE

YUMNAM HUIDROM, IMPHAL WEST

BA/ BSc Syllabus

STATISTICS
Syllabus for Undergraduate Programme
B.A. / B. Sc. In Statistics

Manipur University, Canchipur

Imphal-795003
 Manipur University
B.A/B.Sc.-I
Semester-1
Statistics
Paper-I (Theory)/STA: 101
Full Marks-75
Pass Marks: 25
Approximate lectures: 90

Unit-1 Descriptive Statistics 12 marks (15 lectures)

1.1 Meaning of Statistics and its definition.
1.2 Importance of Statistics.
1.3 Scope of Statistics: In the areas of Industry, Biological Sciences, Medical
Sciences, Economics Sciences, Social Sciences, Management Sciences,
Agriculture, Insurance, Information Technology, Education and Psychology.
1.4 Types of characteristics:-
Attributes: Nominal scale, ordinal scale, Variables: Interval scale, ratio scale;
discrete and continuous variables, difference between linear scale and circular
scale.
1.5 Types of data: (a) Primary data, Secondary data (b) Cross-sectional data, time
series data.
1.6 Statistical population: Finite population, infinite population, homogeneous
population and heterogeneous population, notion of sample.
1.7 Graphical presentation of data: Bar diagram (simple, multiple, sub-divided,
percentage), pie diagram, pictogram, cartogram, stem and leaf chart.
1.8 Classification: Raw data and its classification, discrete frequency distribution,
continuous frequency distribution, inclusive and exclusive method of
classification, open-end classes, cumulative frequency distribution.
1.9 Graphical presentation of frequency distribution: Histogram, frequency curve,
frequency polygon, Ogive curves.

Unit-2 Measures of Central Tendency 13 marks (15 lectures)

2.1 Notion of Central Tendency: Average, characteristics of an ideal average.
2.2 Arithmetic Mean (A.M): Definition, effect of change of origin and scale,
combined mean of a number of groups, merits and demerits, its applications.
2.3 Mode: Definition, formula for computation (with deviation), graphical method of
determination of mode, merits and demerits, its applications
2.4 Median: Definition, formula for computation (with derivation), graphical method
of determination of median, merits and demerits, its applications.
2.5 Empirical relation between mean and median and mode.
2.6 Partition Values: Quantiles, Deciles and Percentiles, their applications.
2.7 Geometric Mean (G.M): Definition, merits and demerits, its applications
2.8 Harmonic Mean (H.M): Definition, merits and demerits, its applications
2.9 Relation between A.M., G.M., and H.M.
2.10 Weighted Mean: Weighted A.M., G.M. and H.M.

Unit-3Measures of Dispersion 13 marks (15 lectures)

3.1 Concept of dispersion, characteristics of an ideal measure of dispersion.
3.2 Range: Definition, merits and demerits.
3.3 Semi-interquartile range (Quartile deviation).
3.4 Mean deviation: Definition, minimality property (without proof).
3.5 Mean square deviation: Definition, minimality property of mean square deviation
(with proof), Variance and standard deviation – definition, merits and demerits,
effect of change of origin and scale
3.6 Determination of variance of a combine series
3.7 Measures of dispersion for comparison: coefficient of range, coefficient of quartile
deviation and coefficient of mean deviation, coefficient of variation (C.V)

Unit-4 Moments 12 marks (15 lectures)

4.1 Raw moments for grouped and ungrouped data.
4.2 Moments about an arbitrary constant for grouped and ungrouped data.
4.3 Central moments for grouped and ungrouped data, Effect of change of origin and
scale, Sheppard’s correction for moments up to fourth order (without proof).
4.4 Relations between central moments and raw moments (up to fourth order)
Unit-5 Skewness and Kurtosis: 12 marks (15 lectures)
5.1 Concept of skewness of frequency distribution, positive skewness, negative
skewness, symmetric frequency distribution.
5.2 Bowley’s coefficient of skewness.
5.3 Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness
5.4 Measures of skewness based on moments
5.5 Concept of kurtosis, leptokurtic, mesokurtic and platykurtic frequency
distributions.
5.6 Measures of kurtosis based on moments

Unit-6 Probability 13 marks (15 lectures)

6.1 Random experiment, sample space (for finite), events, algebra of events with
illustration by using Venn diagram.
6.2 Definition of probability- classical, statistical (their criticism) and axiomatic,
Probability space
6.3 Elementary properties of probability:
i) P(∅) = 0 ii) P(A) =1-P(��! ) iii) If A⊂B, then P(A) ≤ P(B)
iv) P(��! ∩ ��) = (��) −
��( ∩ ��)
6.4 Conditional probability.
6.5 Addition and Multiplication theorems of probability for two events.
6.6 Boole’s inequality.
6.7 Bayes’ Theorem and its application
 Practical
Paper-I
STA: 101(P)
Full Marks: 25
Pass Marks: 10
Sl.No. Topic No. of experiments
1. Diagrammatic representation of statistical data 3
2. Construction of frequency distribution and its graphical
representation. 3
3. Measures of Central Tendency, partition values 3
4. Measures of dispersion, coefficient of variation 2
5. Calculation of Moments 2
6. Measures of skewness and kurtosis 2
Total 15

Instructions:
i) To solve 2 experiments out of 3 experiments.
ii) Each experiment caries 9 marks
iii) Note Book carries 4 marks Viva voce carries 3 marks

Books recommended:
1. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.1, The World Press
Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
2. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Basic Statistics, The World Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
3. S.R. Chakravarti & N. Giri: Basic Statistics, South Asian Publishers, New Delhi
4. J.N. Kapur & H.C. Saxena: Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
5. J. Medhi: Statistical Methods, Wiley Eastern
6. Miller and Fruend: Modern Elementary Statistics.
7. Snedecor and Cochran: Statistical Methods, Oxford and IBH Publishers.
 Manipur University
B.A/B.Sc.-I
Semester-2
Statistics
Paper-II (Theory)/STA: 202
Full Marks-75
Pass Marks: 25
Approximate lectures: 90

Unit-1 Random variables, Mathematical Expectations and Generating functions-I

13 marks (15 lectures)
1.1 Definition of random variable.
1.2 Types of random variables- discrete and continuous
1.3 Probability Density Function (pdf) and Probability Mass Function (pmf) and its
properties
1.4 Distribution function (df) of a r.v. and its properties
1.5 Joint distribution, marginal and conditional distribution and its properties (without
proof)
1.6 Independent r.v.’s, pair-wise independence and mutual independence for 3 events.
1.7 Relation between pdf and distribution function (df)
1.8 Transformation of r.v.’s (up to 2 r.v.’s), Jacobian of a transformation.
Unit-2 Random variables, Mathematical Expectations and Generating functions-II

13 marks (15 lectures)

2.1 Moments generating function (mgf) and its properties-
i) Mcx(t)=M(ct) ii) MX1+X2+…Xn=MX1(t).MX2(t) … …MXn(t)
iii) Effect of change of origin and scale iv) Uniqueness theorem
2.2 Cumulating generating function and its properties-
i) Additive property of cumulants ii) Effect of change of origin on cumulants
2.3 Probability generating function (for discrete r.v) and convolution
2.4 Moments from mgf using: i) Expansion method ii) Differentiation method,
2.5 Relation between moments and cumulants (without proof) upto fourth order
2.6 Characteristic function and its properties (without proof).
2.7 Mathematical expectation of a r.v. and its properties
i) E(a)=a ii) E(aX)= a E(X)
2.8 Addition and Multiplication theorems of expectation
2.9 Variance and covariance of r.v.’s of linear forms-
i) Cov (aX, bY)=ab Cov(X,Y) ii) Cov (X+a, Y+b)=Cov(X,Y)
iii) Cov[(X-�� /��" , ( − 5 /��# ]= [1/(��" ��# )] Cov (X,Y)
iv) Var (aX)=a2 Var(X) v) Variance of the sum and variance of the difference
of two random variables vi) Standardised random variable

Unit-3 Correlation 12 marks (15 lectures)

3.1 Bivariate distribution, bivariate frequency distribution, bivariate frequency table,
correlation table and contingency table.
3.2 Correlation, scatter diagram and its merits and demerits
3.3 Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient: derivation of limits of correlation
coefficient and effect of change of origin and scale, assumptions underlying Karl
Pearson correlation coefficient.
3.4 Rank correlation coefficient, derivation of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
(untied and tied cases), limits of rank correlation coefficient.

Unit-4 Curve fitting and Regression Analysis 12 marks (15 lectures)

4.1 Concept of curve fitting
4.2 Method of least square, most plausible values
4.3 Fitting of polynomials (1st and 2nd degree)
4.4 Regression: Linear and curvilinear
4.5 Lines of regression (for two variables), interpretation of slope and intercept, and
their uses.
4.6 Regression coefficient and its properties.
Unit-5 Limit Theorems 12 marks (15 lectures)
5.1 Cauchy-Schwartz and Chebyshev’s inequalities and their applications.
5.2 Convergence in probability, almost sure convergence
5.3 Weak law of large number (Bernoulli and Khinchin) and their applications, Strong
Law of Large Number (Statement only)
5.4 Convergence in distribution, convergence of mean square
5.5 Central limit theorem (iid case) – (De-Moivre- Laplace, Lindeberg-Levy) with
illustration and their application to standard distributions.
Unit-6 Finite difference and numerical analysis-I 13marks (15 lectures)
6.1 Basic concept of finite difference theory
6.2 Operators ∆ and E and their relations, construction of diagonal and horizontal
difference tables, determination of the values of nth and (n+1)th degree difference
of the polynomial of degree n (Theorem with proof).
6.3 Concept of interpolation and extrapolation and their importance, derivation of
Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formula (without remainder
terms),
6.4 Construction of divided difference table and its properties, Newton’s divided
difference interpolation formula and Lagrange’s interpolation formula for unequal
intervals (without remainder terms)
6.5 Numerical integration, derivation of general quadrature formula.
6.6 Deduction of Trapezoidal, Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8th rules of numerical integration
from general quadrature formula.
 Practical
Paper-II
STA: 202 (P)
Full Mark: 25
Pass Mark: 10
Sl.No. Topic No. of experiments
1. Karl Pearson’s Correlation coefficient 2
2. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient 2
3. Fitting of 1st and 2nd degree polynomial 2
4. Fitting regression line (for 2 variables) 2
5. Interpolation 4
6. Numerical integration 3
Total 15
Instructions:
i) To solve 2 experiments out of 3 experiments.
ii) Each experiment carries 9 marks
iii) Note Book carries 4 marks
iv) Viva voce carries 3 marks
Books recommended:
1. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.1&II, The World
Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
2. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Basic Statistics, The World Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
3. S.R. Chakravarti & N. Giri: Basic Statistics, South Asian Publishers, New Delhi
4. J.N. Kapur & H.C. Saxena: Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
5. J. Medhi: Statistical Methods, Wiley Eastern
6. Snedecor and Cochran: Statistical Methods, Oxford and IBH Publishers.
7. Mukhopadhyay, P.: Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency, Calcutta,
8. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
9. Hogg, R.V. and Craig R.G.: Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, MacMillan
Publishing Co., New York.
10. Mood, A. M. and Graybill, F.A. and Boes D.C.E.: Introduction to Theory of
Statistics, McGraw Hill and Kagakusha Ltd. London.
 Manipur University
B.A/B.Sc.-II
Semester-3
Statistics
Paper-III (Theory)/STA: 303
Full Marks-75
Pass Marks: 25
Approximate lectures: 90

Unit-1 Discrete Probability Distributions 13 marks (15 lectures)

1.1 Bernoulli trial, Binomial distribution: derivation, properties and practical
applications
1.2 Poisson distribution (as a limiting case of binomial), properties and practical
applications.
1.3 Rectangular, Multinomial, Geometric, Hypergeometric, Negative binomial;
derivation of means, variance and mgf of these distributions.
Unit-2 Continuous Probability Distributions 13 marks (15 lectures)
2.1 Distributions: Uniform, Laplace, Exponential, Cauchy, Beta (both first and
second), Gamma, Weibul; derivation of first two moments and mgf of these
distributions.
2.2 Normal distribution: definition, mean, median, mode, quartiles, mean deviation,
variance, moments, points of inflexion of normal curve, mgf and characteristic
function of standard normal variate, importance and properties. (Without
proof/derivation).
Unit-3 Theory of estimation-I 12 marks (15 lectures)
3.1 Concept of parameter and statistic, parametric space, problem of estimation.
3.2 Types of estimation: Point and interval estimations
3.3 Criteria of a good estimator- unbiasedness, consistency, sufficiency and efficiency,
with simple examples.
3.4 Methods of point estimation- Maximum likelihood estimation (mle), least square,
moments
3.5 Properties of m.l.e. (without proof), application of the method of m.l.e. and
method of moments- for obtaining estimates of the parameters of binomial,
Poisson and Normal distributions.
Unit-4 Sample Survey-I 13 marks (15 lectures)
4.1 Introduction, concept of statistical population and sample.
4.2 Difference between census and sample survey, advantages of sample survey over
census and vice versa.
4.3 Principles of sampling theory – validity, regularity and optimization.
4.4 Principle steps involved in a large scale sample survey, preparation of
questionnaire and schedule, sampling and non-sampling errors.
4.5 Some sampling techniques: purposive, quota, snowball, volunteer; simple random
sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling,
multistage sampling, multiphase sampling (no theorems)
4.6 Simple random sampling (with and without replacement): techniques of selecting
a random sample – lottery method & use of Random Number Tables, estimation of
population total and mean, variance and S.E. of the estimates, unbiasedness of
sample mean for the population mean, merits and demerits, comparison of simple
random sampling with and without replacement.

Unit-5 Theory of Attributes 12 marks (15 lectures)

5.1 Attributes: classification, notion of manifold classification, dichotomy, class-
frequency, order of class, positive class-frequency, negative class frequency,
quanta class frequencies, ultimate class frequency, relationship among different
class frequencies (up to three attributes), dot operator to find the relation between
frequencies, fundamental set of class frequencies.
5.2 Consistency of data (up to 3 attributes), condition for consistency of data.
5.3 Concept of independence and association of two attributes.
5.4.1 Yule’s coefficient of association (Q)

Unit-6 Demography 12 marks (15 lectures)

6.1 Introduction to demography- source of vital statistics, deficiencies of census and
registration system data.
6.2 Measurement of Mortality rates- CDR, ASDR, STDR
6.3 Complete Life Table- assumptions, description and construction
6.4 Stationary and stable population (concept only)
6.5 Measurement of Fertility rates- GFR, ASFR, TFR
6.6 Measurement of reproduction rate- GRR, NRR
6.7 Logistic curve- derivation and its fitting by using Pearl and Reed method and its
uses in population projection.

Practical
Paper-III
STA: 303 (P)
Full Mark: 25
Pass Mark: 10
Sl.No. Topic No. of experiments
1. Consistency of qualitative data and coefficient of
Association, independence of attributes 2
2. Mortality and fertility Life table 4
3. Construction of complete Life table 2
4. Population growth and projection (including logistic curve) 2
5. Selection of simple random sample by using Random Number
Table and estimation of population total, variance and S.E
of the estimates 3
6. Fitting of Binomial and Poisson distributions 2
Total 15
Instructions:
v) To solve 2 experiments out of 3 experiments.
vi) Each experiment carries 9 marks
vii) Note Book carries 4 marks
viii) Viva voce carries 3 marks
Books recommended:
1. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.1&II, The World
Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
2. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Basic Statistics, The World Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
3. S.R. Chakravarti & N. Giri: Basic Statistics, South Asian Publishers, New Delhi
4. J.N. Kapur & H.C. Saxena: Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
5. J. Medhi: Statistical Methods, Wiley Eastern
6. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Mthematical Statistics, Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
7. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
and Sons, New Delhi.
 Manipur University
B.A/B.Sc.-II
Semester-4
Statistics
Paper-IV (Theory)/STA: 404
Full Marks-75
Pass Marks: 25
Approximate lectures: 90

Unit-1 Sampling distribution-I 12 marks (15 lectures)

1.1 Concept of sampling distribution and standard error (SE), SE of mean and
variance of normal distribution (with derivation)
1.2 Distribution of a random sample from a continuous distribution of i.i.d. random
variables X1, X2, ….. Xn.
1.3 Distribution of ns2=∑& (��$% − for a random sample from normal population
$'(��)
using orthogonal transformation, independence of x and s2.
1.4 Sampling distributions: t, F, X2 distributions (without derivation) and Fisher’s Z-
transformation (statement only) and its applications.

Unit-2 Testing of hypotheses-I 13 marks (15 lectures)

2.1 Statistical hypothesis- simple and composite, null and alternative hypothesis, one
and two-tailed test, non-critical and critical region (acceptance and rejection
region), level of significance.
2.2 Test of a statistical hypothesis, Type I and II errors, p-value, size of a test, power
and power function of a test.
2.3 Concept of test of significance, assumptions and their validity.
2.4 Large sample test for
i) test of single proportion ii) test for difference of two proportions
iii) test for single mean iv) test for difference of two means
Unit-3 Testing of hypotheses – II 13 marks (15 lectures)
3.1 Application of t-distribution:
i) test for single mean
ii) test for difference of two means (independent and not independent samples)
test for sample correlation coefficient
3.2 Application of F-distribution:
i) test for the quality of two population variances
3.3 Application of X2 distribution:
i) test for population variance Ho:�� % = )�� % .
ii) test of goodness of fit (1st and 2nd degree equations, Binomial, Poisson and
Normal distributions)
iii) test of independence of attributes
3.4 Application of Fisher’s Z-distribution: To test i) H0: = ��)

Unit-4 Time Series-I 12 marks (15 lectures)

4.1 Introduction and importance of time series analysis, components of time series.
4.2 Additive and multiplicative models of time series.
4.3 Objective of measuring trend, measurement of trend by the methods of graphical,
semi-averages, principle of least square and moving averages (for linear cases
only)

Unit-5 ANOVA & Design of Experiments-I 13 marks (15 lectures)

5.1 Analysis of variance, fixed effect model, estimation of parameters by the method
of least square with special reference to one and two way classified data (one
observation per cell)
5.2 Design of experiments, principles of design of experiment- randomization,
replication and local control.
5.3 CRD, RBD (one observation per cell) and its statistical analysis.
Unit-6 Index Numbers 12 marks (15 lectures)
6.1 Introduction, problems involved in the construction of index numbers.
6.2 Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Fisher’s, Marshall-Edgeworth, Dorbish-Bowley index
numbers.
6.3 Requirements of a good index number – time reversal test, factor reversal test and
circular test, Fisher’s index number’s reversibility.
6.4 Construction of wholesale and cost of living index number

Practical
BA/B.Sc.-II
Paper-IV
STA: 404 (P)
Full Mark: 25
Pass Mark: 10
Sl.No. Topic No. of experiments
1. Determination of trend by moving average method 2
2. Construction of index numbers and reversibility test (Fisher’s
Index Number), cost of living index number 3
3. Analysis of CRD, RBD 2
4. Large sample tests 4
5. Small sample tests 4
Total 15
Instructions:
ix) To solve 2 experiments out of 3 experiments.
x) Each experiment carries 9 marks
xi) Note Book carries 4 marks
xii) Viva voce carries 3 marks
Books recommended:
1. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.1&II, The World
Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
2. J.N. Kapur & H.C. Saxena: Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
3. J. Medhi: Statistical Methods, Wiley Eastern
4. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
and Sons, New Delhi.
5. Snedecor and Cochran: Statistical Methods, Oxford and IBH Publishers.
 Manipur University
B.A/B.Sc.-III
Semester-5
Statistics (Honours) Paper-V
(Theory)/STA: H 501
Full Marks-100
Pass Marks: 36
Approximate lectures: 100

Unit-1 Set theory and Measure 18 marks (18 lectures)

1.1 Set, types of set, operations on sets and their properties (with proof)
1.2 Intervals- open, closed, half-open, half-closed
1.3 Countable and uncountable sets, open and closed sets, compact set and their
elementary properties.
1.4 Definition of field of sets, sigma-field and their elementary properties.
1.5 Measure, measure space, elementary properties of measure.
Unit-2 Basic Mathematics 22 marks (18 lectures)
2.1 Convergence of sequence, Cauchy criterion
2.2 Infinite series: Cauchy criterion for convergence, geometric series, convergence
test of positive term series by (i) comparison test (ii) Cauchy’s root test (iii)
D’Alembert’s ratio test (iv) Raabe’s test (application only for the above tests)
2.3 Alternating series: test of convergence (Leibnitz test), concept of absolute
convergence, conditional convergence.
2.4 Lagrange’s method of determining multiplier
2.5 Mean Value Theorem of differential calculus.
2.6 Riemann integrability
2.7 Infinite and improper integral (concept only), Gamma and Beta function and their
elementary properties (with proof)
Unit-3 Determinant and Matrices 20 marks (18 lectures)
3.1 Determinants: definition as a function of its element, addition and subtraction,
properties (without proof)
3.2 Minors and co-factors
3.3 Matrices- definition, type, addition and multiplication.
3.4 Adjoint, transpose, determinant of a square matrix.
3.5 Inverse, rank of a square matrix.
Unit-4 Computer Programming-I 20 marks (18 lectures)
4.1 Introduction to computer, computer generations, classification of computer- (i)
All-purpose and specific purpose (ii) Digital, Analog and Hybrid (iii) Notebook,
personal, workstations, mainframe system, super computers.
4.2 Basic computer organization; Input unit and its devices, output unit and its
devices, CPU, storage unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), control unit, system
board. Primary memory- RAM, ROM; secondary memory
4.3 Software: introduction, system software, application software.
4.4 Computer language: machine language, high level language, compiler,
interpreter, assembler.
4.5 Binary numbers: binary number system, conversion of decimal to binary and
vice-versa, binary arithmetic- addition, subtraction and complement.
4.6 Internet: Introduction, Internet Service Provider (ISP), WWW, webpage, HTML,
web browser, search engine, web browsing/net surfing, IP address, domain name.
4.7 Concept of: Windows, desktop, toolbar, taskbar, folder, icon, creation of files and
folder, My computer.
4.8 Use of MSEXCEL for: drawing charts, calculation of sum, product, quotient
Unit-5 Computer Programming-II 20 marks (18 lectures)
5.1 Programming with FORTRAN 77: Algorithm, Flowchart, Source program,
Object program, steps of compilation of FORTRAN Program.
5.2 General appearance of a FORTRAN program, Executable and Non-Executable
statements, FORTRAN Character set.
5.3 Data type: Numeric-Integer and Real constants, character constant, Logical
constant
5.4 FORTRAN variables: Naming of a variable- Integer and Real variables, Implicit
type, Explicit type (or Type Declaration), character variable, logical variable
5.5 Expressions: Arithmetic operators, Arithmetic expressions, Rules for forming
arithmetic expression, Arithmetic assignment statement, Library function,
Relational operators, Logical operators, Truth tables of .AND., .OR. and .NOT.
operators.
5.6 Statements: Unformatted input/ output statement- READ and WRTE, Idea of
format, STOP and END statements.
5.7 Control statement: GO TO statement – unconditional GO TO statement, IF
statement- Arithmetic IF statement, Logical IF statement, simple and nested
blocks: IF- THEN-ELSE-ENDIF, and IF-THEN-ELSEIF-THEN-ENDIF;
WHILE-DO statement; DO statement, Nested Do statement.
5.8 Arrays: subscript expressions, DIMENSION statement, Input of one and two
dimensional arrays by using Do loops.
5.9 Statement function, Sub-routine, Sub-program, parameter passing and data
sharing.
5.10 Writing statistical program in FROTRAN:
(i) Mean (ii) variance (iii) Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient (for ungrouped
data) (iv) linear regression (for 2 variables) (iv) Newton’s forward interpolation
formula.

Books recommended:
1. V. Rajaraman: Programming in Fortran 77, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
2. C. Xavier: Numerical Methods in Fortran 77, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi
3. SC Malik: Mathematical Analysis, Wiley eastern, New Delhi
4. HL Royden: Real Analysis, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
5. W. Rudin: Principles of Mathematical Analysis, McGraw Hill
6. BS Vatsam: Theory of Matrices, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi
7. B.M. Singh: Measure, Probability and Stochastic Processes, South Asian
Publishers, New Delhi
 Manipur University
B.A/B.Sc.-III
Semester-5
Statistics (Honours) Paper-
IV (Theory)/STA: 502
Full Marks-100
Pass Marks: 36
Approximate lectures: 100

Unit-1 Normal and Bivariate Probability Distributions 20marks

(20 lectures)
1.1 Normal distribution: definition, derivation as a limiting case of binomial
distribution, mean, median, mode, quartiles, mean deviation, variance, moments,
points of inflexion of normal curve, mgf and characteristic function of standard
normal variate, importance and discussion of properties (with proof).
1.2 Bivariate random variable or vector (X,Y) – discrete and continuous
1.3 Joint probability functions-mass function and density function,
1.4 Joint probability functions- its properties (without proof)
1.5 Marginal and conditional distributions
1.6 Conditional expectations and conditional variance
1.7 mgf of bivariate random vector and its properties
1.8 mgf of marginal distributions
1.9 Independence of random variables
1.10 Bivariate normal distribution and finding of marginal and conditional mean and
variance.
Unite-2 Theory of Estimation-II 18 marks (18 lectures)
2.1 Minimum Variance Estimator (MVE), Rao-Blackwell theorem (Statement only),
MVUE and its uniqueness, (with proof), Cramer-Rao Inequality (special case of
i.i.d. r.v.’s) (with proof)
2.2 Interval estimation, confidence interval, confidence coefficient (one method of
obtaining confidence limits), confidence interval for mean and variance of normal
distribution.
Unit-3 Design of Experiment-II 22 marks (22 lectures)
3.1 LSD-its statistical analysis, advantages and disadvantages, critical difference for
comparing treatment means.
3.2 Missing plot technique, one missing observation for CRD, RBD, LSD.
3.3 Factorial experiments, their advantage and comparison with simple experiments.
3.4 Analysis of 22, 23, and 24 factorial experiments applied in RBD.
3.5 Concept of 32 and 33 factorial experiment (without analysis);
3.6 Confounding in factorial experiments (Total and partial confounding in 22, 23 &24)
3.7 Concept of confounding in 32 and 33 factorial experiment (layout only)
3.8 Split plot technique applied in RBD (without analysis)
3.9 Description of strip plot arrangement in RBD (without analysis)
3.10 Series of experiment (without analysis)
Unit-4 Correlation and Curve fitting 20 marks (20 lectures)
4.1 Multiple and partial correlation (for three variables), their coefficient and
properties, residual and its properties, variance of residuals.
4.2 Multiple and partial correlation coefficient in terms of total correlation coefficients
for 3 variables.
4.3 Explained and unexplained variation, coefficient of determination.
4.4 Intra class correlation coefficient (derivation) and its limits.
4.5 Correlation ratio (derivation) and its properties.
4.6 Pearsonian system of curve- Pearsonian general differential equation and
derivation of Pearsonian curves of Type- I, II and III
4.7 Orthogonal polynomial – its importance and derivation of orthogonal polynomials.
Unit-5 Sampling Distribution-II 20 marks (20 lectures)
5.1 Derivation of t, F, X2 distributions, shape of its curves and its properties
5.2 Theorems of X2 distribution
5.3 Relation between t, F and X2
5.4 Derivation of sampling distribution of sample total correlation coefficient and
sample range.
Books recommended:
1. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.1 & II, The World
Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
2. Bertrand L. Hausen & Prabhakar M. Ghare, Quality Control and Application,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
3. J.N. Kapur & H.C. Saxena: Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
4. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Mthematical Statistics, Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
5. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
and Sons, New Delhi.
6. DD Joshi, Linear Estimation and Design of Experiments, New Age International
Publisher, New Delhi
7. Cox & Cochran: Experimental Design, Asia Publishing House, New Delhi
8. Das & Giri: Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley eastern, New Delhi
 B.A/B.Sc.-III
Statistics (Honours)
Paper-VII (Practical)
STA: H 503 (P)
Full Marks-100
Pass Marks: 40
Sl.No. Topic No. of experiments
Group A
1. Fitting of Normal Distribution and test of goodness of fit 1
2. Multiple and partial correlation 2
3. Fitting of Pearsonian curves 3
4. Fitting of curves using orthogonal polynomial (1st & 2nd degree) 2
5. Intraclass correlation coefficient and correlation ratio 2
Group B
1. LSD 1
2. One Missing plot analysis of RBD and LSD 2
3. Factorial experiment (22, 23 and 24) 3
4. Partial and total confounding (23 and 24) 3
Group C
1. Writing and running FORTRAN program for mean, variance,
correlation, linear regression, interpolation formula in computer 5
2. Drawing of charts, Calculation of sum, product, quotient in MSEXCEL 1
Total 25
 Manipur University
B.A/B.Sc.-III
Semester-6
Statistics (Honours) Paper-
VIII (Theory)/STA: 601
Full Marks-100
Pass Marks: 36
Approximate lectures: 100

Unit-1 Statistical Inference-II 20 marks (20 lectures)

1.1 Most powerful critical region (MPCR), Neyman- Pearson lemma and its
application in construction of MPCR for testing simple hypothesis against simple
alternative for binomial, Poisson and normal distributions.
1.2 UMPCR, unbiased test, UMPUCR
1.3 Definition of order statistics- derivation of the distribution of rth sample order
statistic and joint distribution of rth and sth sample order statistics.
1.4 Non-parametric tests: Sign test for univariate distribution, Run test, median test,
Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U-test

Unit-2 Statistical Quality Control 20 marks (20 lectures)

2.1 Introduction, meaning and purpose of SQC, tools of SQC, 3-sigma control limits,
advantages of SQC
2.2 Process control: construction, use and interpretation of control charts for – mean,
range, fraction defective, number of defectives and number of defects per unit
(fixed & variable sample size)
2.3 Product control: Description of Rectifying Sampling Inspection Plan, consumer
and producer’s risk, explanation of the terms – AQL, LTPD, ASN, ATI, OC,
AOQ, AOQL (interpretation only)
2.4 Operation of single and double sampling inspection plan, determination of n and c
for single sampling plan, comparison of single and double sampling plans
(including flow charts).
Unit-3 Time Series-II 18 marks (18 lectures)
3.1 Objective of measuring seasonal variation and measurement of seasonal variation
by the methods of simple averages, ratio to trend, ratio to moving averages and
link relatives.
3.2 Objective and Measurement of cyclic movements by the method of residual
approach.
3.3 Spencer’s 15-point and 21-point formulae and their importance in determining
trend and their deviation.
Unit-4 Sample survey-II 22 marks (22 lectures)
4.1 Simple random sampling: determination of sample size for (i) specified coefficient
of dispersion (ii) given margin of error in estimate and the confidence coefficient.
4.2 Stratified random sampling: definition of strata, advantage of stratification,
principles of stratification, estimation of population total and mean, variance and
SE of its estimates, allocation of samples: (i) equal (ii) proportional (iii) Neyman
(optimum), derivation of the variances for proportional and optimum allocation.
4.3 Gain in precision due to stratification: proportional and optimum in comparison
with SRS.
4.4 Systematic sampling (linear): techniques of selecting systematic sample, merits
and demerits, estimation of population total and population mean and its sampling
variance, comparison of systematic sampling with simple random sampling and
stratified sampling.
4.5 Techniques of : Cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, multiphase sampling,
double sampling
4.6 Comparison of multistage and multiphase sampling
4.7 Ratio estimation (in SRS): estimation of the population mean and population total,
bias of ratio estimators, approximate variance of ratio estimator, advantages and
applications of ratio estimators, product estimator (concept only)
4.8 Regression estimators (in SRS): bias of regression estimator, sampling variance of
regression estimator.
4.9 Non-sampling errors: Source and type
4.10 Non-sampling bias, non-response errors.
Unit-5 National Income & Demand and Supply Analysis 20marks (20
lectures)
5.1 Definition of national income by (i) Marshall (ii) Pigou (iii) Fisher
5.2 Different concept of national income (a) gross national product (GNP) (b) net
national product (NNP)
5.3 Methods of estimation of national and the difficulties in methods (a) output
method (b) income method (c) expenditure method
5.4 Importance of national income
5.5 Supply and demand function – introduction, demand and supply law, demand and
supply curve, demand and supply function with constant price elasticity.
5.6 Types of data required for estimation of elasticity- family budget and time series.
5.7 Method of estimating demand functions- Leontiff’s method (from time series data)
Pigou’s method (from family budget data)
5.8 Engel’s law and Engel’s curve, Pareto’s law and Pareto’s curve, curves of
concentration, indifference curve, properties of the above curves.

Books recommended:
1. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.1&II, The World
Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
2. Hogg, R.V. and Craig R.G.: Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, MacMillan
Publishing Co., New York.
3. J.N. Kapur & H.C. Saxena: Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
4. Miller and Fruend: Modern Elementary Statistics.
5. Snedecor and Cochran: Statistical Methods, Oxford and IBH Publishers.
6. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
and Sons, New Delhi.
7. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
8. W. Cochran: Sampling Technique, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi
9. Sukhatme, PV: Sample Survey: Methods and Its Applications, ISAS, New Delhi
10. Daroga Singh & FS Chaudhury: Theory and Analysis of Sample Survey Design,
Wiley Eastern, New Delhi
 Manipur University
B.A/B.Sc.-III
Semester-6
Statistics (Honours) Paper-
IX (Theory)/STA: 602
Full Marks-100
Pass Marks: 36
Approximate lectures: 100

Unit-1 Finite difference and Numerical Analysis-II 20 marks (20 lectures)

1.1 Inverse interpolation formula, method of approximation, reversion of series
method (derivation)
1.2 Weddle’s rule (derivation)
1.3 Central difference formula, Gauss formulae, Sterling’s and Bessel’s formulae
(derivations)
1.4 Sterling’s bivariate interpolation.
Unit-2 Finite difference and Numerical Analysis-III 20marks (20 lectures)
2.1 Laplace-Everett formula (derivation)
2.2 Newton-Cots formula (derivation)
2.3 Euler-Maclaurin’s summation formula (derivation)
2.4 Sterling’s formula for factorial n (derivation)
2.5 Difference equation with constant coefficient (homogeneous, non-homogeneous
equations only)
Unit-3 Operation Research 22 marks (22 lectures)
3.1 Origin and development of OR, importance and scope of OR
3.2 Models of OR-iconic, analogue and mathematical models
3.3 Elements of LPP, formulation of LPP
3.4 Solution of LPP by graphical method (for 2 variables)
3.5 Solution of LPP by simplex method
3.6 Artificial variable, solution of LPP by Big-M method
3.7 Concept and formulation of dual problem
3.8 Dual simplex method
Unit-4 Psychological and Educational Statistics 18 marks (18 lectures)
4.1 Introduction, comparison and combination of exams and ranks
4.2 Normalised scale
4.3 Mental measurements-IC (construction and standardization of test), Simon-Bunet
scale.
4.4 Methods for the estimation of test, reliability and validity, Spearman’s two factor
theory
Unit-5 Indian Official Statistics 20 marks (20 lectures)
5.1 Statistical system in India, CSO, NSSO, Office of the Registrar General,
Directorate- General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, Directorate of
Economics and Statistics, Labour Bureau, Army Statistical Organisation (features
of the organisations and name of their publications only).
5.2 Discussion on the official statistics of India related to census, agriculture and
industries,
5.2.1 Census- type of census and type adopted by India, organization of census,
type of data included in the schedule of last census.
5.2.2 Agricultural Statistics- Land utilization statistics, total area, classification
of area, area under crop, area irrigated, and crops irrigated, crop production
statistics- forecast crops, non-forecast and plantation crops
5.2.3 Industrial statistics- Statistics relating to organized and unorganized sectors.
5.3 Study of official publications and journals of North Eastern Council (NEC) and
Basic Statistics of NEC.

Books recommended:
1. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.1&II, The World
Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
2. J.N. Kapur & H.C. Saxena: Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
3. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
and Sons, New Delhi.
4. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
5. Scarborough, J.B: Numerical Mathematical Analysis, Oxford and IBH
6. Gupta & Malik: Calculus of Finite Differences and Numerical Analysis, Krishna
Prakashan Mandir, Meerut.
 7. Havey M. Wagner, Principles of Operations Research, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi
8. Kanti Swarup, PK Gupta, Man Mohan, Operations Research, Sultan Chand and
Sons, New Delhi.
9. VK Kappor, Operation Research, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
10. Kalyan Kr. Mukherjee, Numerical Analysis, New Central Book Agency, Kolkata
11. JP Guilford & B.Fruchter: Fundamentals of Statistics in Psychology and
Education, McGraw Hill
12. H.A. Taha: Operation Research An Introduction, Prentice Hall of India,

B.A/B.Sc.-III
Statistics (Honours)
Paper-X (Practical)
STA: H 603 (P)

Full Marks-100
Pass Marks: 40
Sl.No. Topic No. of experiments
Group A
1. Stratified random sampling (including proportional
and optimum allocation and comparison of efficiencies) 3
2. Systematic sampling 2
3. Trend values by Spencer’s formulae 2
4. Constitution of control charts 5
Group B
5. Finite difference 4
6. Numerical analysis 3
7. Scale (T-score and P. C. Graph) 2
8. LPP by Simplex method 2
Total 23