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HỌ TỪ VỰNG THEO CẤU TRÚC- LỚP 12

UNIT 1: LIFE STORIES

I. STRUCTURES
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
X1 Allow / permit sb to do st = let sb do st Cho phép ai làm gì
X2 As a result = therefore = consequently Do đó, do vậy
X3 Be awarded the title Được trao danh hiệu gì
X4 Be diagnosed with st BỊ chẩn đoán mắc bệnh gì
X5 Be overloaded with st Quá tải với cái gì
X6 Be regarded as sb / st Được coi như là ai / cái gì
X7 Be responsible for st / doing st Chịu trách nhiệm cho cái gì / làm gì
X8 Be strongly influenced by sb / st Bị ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ bởi ai / cái gì
X9 Be well / best known for st Nổi tiếng về cái gì
= be famous for
X10 Benefit from st Thu được lợi từ cái gì
X11 Bring sb up Nuôi nấng ai
X12 By the way Nhân tiện, à này
X13 Claim one’s life = kill sb Giết chết ai đó
X14 Damage one’s reputation Hủy hoại danh tiếng của ai
X15 Describe sb / st as Miêu tả ai / cái gì đó như là
X16 Devote one’s life to st / doing st Cống hiến cả cuộc đời cho cái gì / làm gì
X17 Do st for a living Làm cái gì để kiếm sống
X18 Emerge from Xuất hiện, nổi lên
X19 Encourage sb to do st Khuyến khích ai làm gì
X20 End in tragedy Kết thúc trong bi kịch
X21 Fight for st Chiến đẩu cho cái gì
Fight against st Chiến đấu chống lại cái gì
X22 Find faults with sb / st Bắt lỗi ai / cái gì
X23 Free sb / st from Giải phóng ai / cái gì khỏi
24 Get in the way of st Ngăn cản cái gì xảy ra
= prevent st from happening
X25 Gossip about st Bàn tán về cái gì
X26 Graduate from Tốt nghiệp từ
X27 Hand out Phân phát
X28 Have a great impact / influence on sb / st Có ảnh hưởng lớn đến ai / cái gì
X29 Have a natural ability to do st Có khả năng thiên bẩm để làm gì
X30 Historical figure Nhân vật lịch sử
X31 Hold someone’s attention / interest Khiến cho ai hứng thú / quan tâm / chú ý tới cái
= keep sb interested in st gì
X32 Humble beginnings Khởi đầu khiêm tốn
X33 Insert st into st Chèn cái gì vào cái gì
X34 Inspire sb to do st Truyền cảm hứng cho ai làm gì
X35 Learn lessons from sb / st Rút ra bài học từ ai / cái gì
X36 Make criticism Chỉ trích, phê bình
X37 Make judgment Phán xét / đánh giá
X38 Make progress Tiến bộ
X39 Miss a chance to do st Lỡ mất cơ hội làm gì
X40 Move around Đi lại, di chuyển
X41 Outstanding Young Citizen Công dân trẻ tiêu biểu
X42 Pass away = die Qua đời / chết
X43 Point at st Chỉ vào cái gì
X44 Report on st Báo cáo về cái gì
X45 Reveal one’s identity Tiết lộ danh tính
Keep one’s identity hidden Giấu kín danh tính
X46 Save one’s life Cứu mạng ai
X47 Sharp-wit Thông minh, sắc sảo
X48 Spread across Lan rộng khắp
X49 Starve for Thèm khát, khao khát
X50 Stop sb from doing st Ngăn cản ai làm gì
X51 Take advantage of Tận dụng, lợi dụng
X52 Vow to do st Thề làm gì
X53 Wide knowledge Hiểu biết rộng

II. PRACTICE EXERCISES


1. The events and changes in the stock trading market have great _______ on markets around the world.
A. influent B. influence có ảnh hưởng lớn đến ai đó - 28 C. influential D.
influenced
2. We need to inspire young women _______ expansively and courageously about the impact they can
have on the world.
A. to think B. thinking C. to thinking D. to be thought - 34
3. _______ , Mike, remember to fork over that one - hundred dollars you owe me before Dec.
A. By the way - 12 B. On the way C. On the way to D. By way of
4. Windsor is one of the UK’s top comperes and has a natural _______ to create a relaxed, friendly
atmosphere in any room.
A. probability B. ability C. possibility D. responsibility
5. Between 1888 and 1906, Doyle wrote seven historical novels, which he and many critics _______ his
best work.
A. as regards B. regarded as C. regardless of D. with regard to
6. Alexandre Yersin, who had quite a distinguished career in medicine, _______ his life to the poor and
sick people in Viet Nam.
A. mounted B. excited C. devoted D. interested
7. Studios are rushing out monster movies to _______ our new-found enthusiasm for dinosaurs.
A. take advantage B. take advantages of
C. take advantage of D. take advantage in
8. The security system will not permit you _______ without the correct password.
A. to enter B. entering C. being entered D. to be entered
9. The Worldwide Fund for Nature has been accused _______ helping to cover _______ a report _______
the damage done by illegal logging.
A. with - with - in B. on - by - of C. by - on - about D. of - up - on
10. You have to insert an additional piece of material _______ the waistline _______ the dress to make it
large enough for her.
A. into - of B. upon - in C. from - for D. up - over
11. Small children are often told that it is rude to point _______ other people.
A. out B. to C. at D. up
12. Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be _______ for their children.
A. response B. responsive C. responsible D. responsibility
13. The company has worked its way up from humble _______ to become the market leader.
A. beginnings B. departures C. arrivals D. entrances
14. In the movie, he plays a concerned and sensitive father trying to _______ two teenage children on his
own.
A. bring up B. grow up C. bring out D. take after
15. He was away in the army and always _______ for news for home.
A .starves B. starved
C. has been starved D. had been starving
16. After the awful meals we had last Christmas, I vowed _______ more of the cooking myself.
A. to do B. doing C. having done D. to have done
17. The runway lights flashed on, and the first models _______ from behind the stage set.
A. existed B. developed C. emerged D. arose
18. While the teacher was talking, her assistant _______ pens and paper for us all.
A. filled in B. handed out C. divided into D. worked up
19. I trusted Brennan sufficiently to reveal Julie’s _______ and the burglary.
A. identity B. identify C. identical D. identification
20. Unfortunately, the snail _______ across the island and caused widespread destruction to crops.
A. spread B. is spread C. has been spread D. was spreading

21. Another family have reported that all four children _______ with Cryptosporidium, a waterborne
parasite.
A. has diagnosed B. has been diagnosed
C. is being diagnosing D. has been diagnosing
22. Larry kept his identity hidden until 2006, when he was diagnosed with esophageal cancer, which later
_______
A. claimed his life B. took his life C. gave his life D. lived his own life
23. In 2000 Mello was _______ of Howard Hughes Medical Investigator because of his significant
contributions to science.
A. kept the title B. held the title C. awarded the title D. defended the title
24. The mayor is a very splendid, _______ young citizen of Dallas, and down there we appreciate him a lot.
A. noticeable B. attractive C. outstanding D. significant
25. Bernard Trevisan was born in 1406 but didn’t _______ until 1490; living to the age of 84 was unusual in
the period of the Italian Renaissance.
A. set back B. pass away C. kill off D. die out
26. A man who was passing _______ by pulling her out of the water.
A. bet her life B. laid down her life C. saved her life D. claimed her life
27. Lifeguards stopped them _______ going _______ the water because sharks had been spotted in the area.
A. from - into B. on - to C. by - through D. for - of
28. I wish you _______ the furniture like that - I have it decorated in a particular way!
A. didn’t move around B. wouldn’t move around
C. hasn’t move around D. don’t move around
29. _______ , Thuy’s Dream Programme was launched and is currently managed by The Tuoi Tre.
A. Although B. Because C. In spite of D. As a result
30. Give the kids some toys - that should hold their _______ for a while.
A. communication B. instance C. attention D. situation
31. When my grandfather took me to a bookstore to buy books in history and I have developed an interest in
_______ such as King Le Loi or Heroine Vo Thi Sau.
A. historical highlights B. historical figures
C. historic figures D. historic highlights
32. He dedicated his life _______ the world from famine and disease.
A. to free B. freeing C. to freeing D. to have freed
33. These scenes heighten the tension and suggest that all will end in _______ .
A. tragedy B. comedy C. happiness D. romantic
34. Eugenie Clark has a wide _______ about cultures of many countries in the world.
A. known B. knowing C. knowledge D. know
35. My brother-in-law has always had such a _______ Whenever he’s around, he has everyone in stitches.
A. sharp-wit B. sharp turn C. sharp hearing D. sharp criticism
36. It couldn’t by any stretch of the imagination be _______ as a beautiful city.
A. described B. stated C. informed D. indicated
37. Oh please, I know you’re the one who _______ about me and started those awful rumors!
A. chatted B. acquainted C. gossiped D. reported
38. Perhaps, learning _______ from your failure is that there may be a better or a different way to achieve
your goal.
A. exercises B. lessons C. assignments D. certificates
39. The company’s website was _______ with an unexpected surge of emails requesting information on its
new product line.
A. overloaded B. overlooked C. overburdened D. overqualified
40. Jackson doesn’t want to damage his _______ as a political personality.
A. repute B. reputation C. reputational D. reputable
41. We tend to make _______ about people at work based on our first impressions.
A. judgments B. guesswork C. justices D. decisions
42. At the end of the book, the author makes some _______ of the consumerist society.
A. criticism B. criticize C. criticality D. critically
43. It seems that people find it easier to _______ ideas than to build them up into something better.
A. rounding error B. defect from C. find fault with D. play false
44. Many of these companies may also _______ from economies of scale as they expand into such activities.
A. advantage B. profit C. increment D. benefit
45. The medical community continues to _______ in the fight against cancer.
A. speed B. make progress C. expect more D. treat better
46. Instead of simply punishing them, the system _______ offenders to modify their behavior.
A. encourages B. acknowledges C. recommends D. appears
47. She’s so determined that I just know nothing will get _______ of her plans to finish her thesis.
A. on the way B. in the way C. by the way D. by way of
48. I don’t know what you do for a _______ but you obviously don’t know much about the real world.
A. lifelong B. alive C. lifetime D. living
49. I can’t believe we’re about to graduate _______ college - how did four years go _______ that quickly?
A. from - by B. by - on C. in - into D. for - off
50. Elan is _______ for its technology to help medications enter the body safely and effectively.
A. best known B. obscure C. concealed D. remote
51. He is _______ influenced by his father and grandfather. His behaviors and decisions are exactly the
same.
A. mightily B. strongly C. terribly D. flabby
52. Pogosian said that his company was sorry to miss a _______ to show off its fighters.
A. chance B. deliberate C. calculated D. intentional
53. Many of the soldiers who left to _______ their country did not live to return to it.
A. fight back B. fight out C. fight for D. fight down
54. Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc told the country: “Each factory, each neighbourhood, and each
citizen must become a fortress in the _______ the COVID-19.”
A. fight against B. fight over C. fight about D. fight for
UNIT 2: URBANIZATION

I. STRUCTURES
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Access to st Tiếp cận với cái gì
2 Be flooded / crowded with st Đầy, chật cái gì
3 Be harmful to sb / st Có hại cho ai / cái gì
4 Benefit from st Thu lợi ích từ cái gì
5 Combine with st Kết hợp với cái gì
6 Compete with sb / st Cạnh tranh với ai / cái gì
7 Cope with st Đương đầu với cái gì
8 Do research Tiến hành nghiên cứu
9 Fall / decrease: Giảm:
sharply / steadily / gradually / slightly mạnh / đều / dần dần / nhẹ
Rise / increase: Tăng:
sharply / steadily / gradually / slightly mạnh / đều / dần dần / nhẹ
Stay the same / remain stable / level off Giữ nguyên
10 Focus on = concentrate on Tập trung vào
11 Grab / draw / attract one’s attention Thu hút sự chú ý của ai
12 Keep sb engaged Giúp ai tập trung vào
13 Lack of st Thiếu cái gì
14 Look down on Coi thường
Look up to Kính trọng
15 Make presentation Thuyết trình
16 Make / earn a living Kiếm sống
17 On a wide / massive scale Trên quy mô rộng lớn
18 Overload sb with st Làm cho ai bị quá tải với cái gì
19 Play an important role in st Đóng vai trò quan trọng trong cái gì
20 Prepare for st = do / make preparation for st Chuẩn bị cho cái gì
21 Prior to st Trước cái gì
22 Pros and cons = advantages and disadvantages Ưu và nhược điểm
23 Relate to st Liên quan đến cái gì
24 Result in = lead to = cause to Dẫn tới
Result from Có kết quả từ
25 Seek one’s fortune Tìm kiếm vận may
26 Stick to st Tiếp tục với một chủ đề / kế hoạch / hoạt
động mà không thay đổi
27 Switch off = stop giving your attention to sb or st Ngừng chú ý đến ai / cái gì
28 Take measure Có những biện pháp
29 Traffic congestion Ùn tắc giao thông
30 With no hope of doing st Không có hi vọng làm gì
31 Recommend / suggest / advise / demand / insist / request / urge / order important / necessary /
essential / desirable / crucial / vital / imperative / urgent / advisable... + that + S + do (st): gợi ý /
đề xuất / yêu cấu / thúc giục / ra lệnh / quan trọng / cần thiết / thiết yếu / cốt yếu / cấp bách /
gấp rút / thích hợp... rằng ai phải / nên làm gì

II. PRACTICE EXERCISES


1. The purpose of secondary education is to give students common knowledge to _______ either higher
education or vocational education.
A. prepare for B. capable of C. acceptable to D. suffer from
2. He had not parked in front of the house because he had no desire to _______ attention to himself.
A. draw B. come to C. show D. pay
3. When troubled, kids are more prone to misbehave and less able to concentrate, and it can be a struggle
keeping learners _______ in such cases.
A. posted B. informed C. engaged D. occupied
4. You should _______ what the interviewer is saying and make a real effort to answer all the questions.
A. liable for B. concentrate on C. emerge from D. suspicious of
5. If you’re both going to lie, at least _______ the same story and don’t contradict each other!
A. stick out B. stick on C. stick in D. stick to
6. Mr. Obama is scheduled to arrive in the Danish capital early Friday, in time to make a _______ to the
voting members of the International Olympic Committee.
A. presentation B. presentative C. presentable D. presentational
7. They normally give new employees a little while to settle _______ before they overload them _______
work.
A. up - at B. in - with C. down – by D. of - of
8. I could tell my students were starting to _______ during my class, so I brought out the projector and
started using old cartoons to illustrate my points.
A. switch off B. shut down C. showed up D. count on
9. The area is a fantastic place to _______, Pastron says, because of its immigrant history and rapid
settlement in the 19th century.
A. do research B. take amiss C. make allowance D. get tough
10. Most financial advisers _______ that you buy individual life insurance, at least as a supplement.
A. recommence B. recommend C. recommendation D. recombination
11. The English campaign against Scotland was planned _______ , with a force of around 23,350 men.
A. onomastic B. on a hunch C. on a par D. on a massive scale
12. The issues discussed in this section _______ to how reliably and validly these functions can be fulfilled.
A. relate B. relative C. relational D. relationship
13. Some people refuse to buy goods that are overpackaged because they feel that it is _______ to the
environment.
A. harmful B. harmfully C. harmless D. harmfulness
14. The causes of child labour include poverty, the lack of _______ to education, and weak government
institutions.
A. excerpt B. except C. access D. excess
15. Jocks respect physical prowess and _______ unfit people for being weak and lazy.
A. look forward to B. look as if C. look down on D. look up to
16. One disadvantage _______ living in the town is the lack _______ safe places _______ the children to
play.
A. of - of – for B. on - in - from
C. about - at – around D. for - from - for
17. When the worse gets to the worst, a number of people end up indulging in various societal vices to
_______.
A. claim a life B. larger than life C. earn a living D. come alive
18. In contrast, other devices available in the market cannot _______ the simplicity and total control that
these joysticks have to offer.
A. cluttered with B. compete with C. content with D. crowded with
19. Clara worked as an assistant in the firm for several years before she finally left to seek her _______ as
an independent contractor.
A. fortune B. fortunate C. fortuitous D. fortuitousness
20. However, if you require advice or assistance _______ this please do not hesitate to contact this office at
the number below.
A. prior by B. prior with C. prior to D. prior from
21. He was _______ with relief as if a picture hanging crooked on the wall had been set nearly straight
again.
A. drifted B. flooded C. drowned D. plunged
22. You have to weigh up all the _______ of the matter before you make a decision.
A. chalk and cheese B. pros and cons C. ups and downs D. odds and ends
23. It is questionable whether all the banks can _______ an economic upswing.
A. exempt from B. depart from C. differ from D. benefit from
24. The routine check _______ the bank officer discovering a string of fraudulent transactions being
committed by one of the senior staff.
A. resulted in B. delight in C. indulge in D. persist in
25. Our personalities _______ the complex interplay between our genes and our environment.
A. result from B. resulted in C. benefit from D. benefit of
26. The cost of living in big cities has risen _______ over the past years. This has caused a lot of difficulties
for low-income people.
A. sharply B. sharp C. bluntly D. blunt
27. Temperature can determine which ions can form or remain _______ enough to enter into chemical
reactions.
A. fluctuate B. renovate C. restrain D. stable
28. Today the city government has taken _______ to prevent a repetition of last year’s confrontation.
A. measures B. pleasures C. assures D. leisures
29. However, mutators may play an important role _______ the adaptation _______ organisms to changing
environments.
A. in - of B. of - from C. by - in D. with - at
30. Some medical experts have declared that she is in a persistent vegetative state _______ no hope _______
recovery.
A. in - for B. with - down C. with - of D. at - in
31. People think that _______ in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars.
A. no traffic both ways B. two-way traffic
C. traffic warden D. traffic congestion
32. The transport service cannot _______ the strain of so many additional passengers.
A. blessed with B. cope with C. shake with D. impressed with
33. The burden of bad loans has _______ government foot-dragging to slow the pace of modernization.
A. come down with B. got by with C. combined with D. come with

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