Name Date

Cloze Test

The Human Body

cells excretory system organs

circulatory system nervous system organ system

digestive system immune system respiratory system

endocrine system integumentary system

Fill in the blanks.

The human body is well equipped to carry out all the necessary

processes of life. The body has similar , which

work together and make up a tissue. Different tissues are organized into

. A complex activity, such as the breakdown of

food for use by the cells, requires a(n) . This

specific function is performed by the . Other

organ systems are involved in the transport of materials into, through, and

out of the body. These systems are the , the

, and the . Two organ

systems that control the body’s activities are the

and the . Two other organ systems that protect

© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

the body are the and the

. To do all the wonderful things that humans do,

it is necessary that all the body’s organ systems work together.

Chapter 3 • Human Body Systems Use with Lesson 1

46 Reading and Writing in Science The Human Body
 Name Date
Outline

The Digestive System

Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks.
Where do cells get energy to do work?
1. Your cells get energy from the you eat.

2. breaks down big food into simple

substances so that tiny can use it.

3. The body breaks down food both physically and

.

4. The body’s produce chemicals to help

break down food.

Where does digestion begin?

5. When you bite into food, your teeth tear and grind the food into a
small ball called a(n) .

6. Your , attached to the back of your

mouth, has many that allow you to
taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter things.

7. When the bolus is moved to the or

throat, it is finally swallowed into the ,
the long muscular tube that connects to the stomach.

What are the special functions of various teeth in breaking

down food?
© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

8. The teeth used for biting food are found in the front of the mouth
and are called .

9. The , the flat teeth in the back of your

mouth, are used for crushing and grinding food.

Chapter 3 • Human Body Systems Use with Lesson 2

Reading and Writing in Science The Digestive System
47
 Name Date
Outline

What happens to food once it is swallowed and goes into

the esophagus?
10. The esophagus is lined with , which
makes the inside slippery.

11. Muscles in the esophagus squeeze the food and move it along to
the .

12. After 4 to 6 hours in the stomach, the food is released into

the .

13. Finally the nutrients are absorbed inside the small intestine, which
has hairy finger-like bumps called .

What happens to the food that is not absorbed?

14. Food that could not be digested moves along to
the .

15. The is the widest part of the

large intestine.

Summarize the Main Idea

16. What are the basic steps of the digestion process?
© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3 • Human Body Systems Use with Lesson 2

48 Reading and Writing in Science The Digestive System
 Name Date
Vocabulary

The Digestive System

Use the following hints to fill in the crossword puzzle.

" #

$ %

&

'



Across
1. the process that breaks down 9. found in the mouth, it starts
food into simple substances softening food, breaking it
down chemically
4. pointy teeth used for cutting
and tearing food 10. an organ that has villi to absorb
the nutrients
6. flat back teeth used for
© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

crushing and grinding food Down

7. has muscles that squeeze and 2. front teeth used for biting food
mix food, as well as acids that 3. the widest part of the large
break it down intestine
8. another name for throat 5. a muscular tube that connects
your mouth to your stomach

Chapter 3 • Human Body Systems Use with Lesson 2

Reading and Writing in Science The Digestive System
49
 Name Date
Cloze Test

The Digestive System

bile colon large intestine small intestine

bolus energy molars stomach

canines esophagus rectum villi

chemically incisors saliva

Fill in the blanks.

The function of the digestive system is to break food down so that the

cells can use it. Food supplies to the cells.

Digestion begins in the mouth with the teeth where

bite the food, and cut and tear it.

grind and crush the food into a small ball

called . , a liquid

found in the mouth, softens the bolus and starts breaking it down

. Swallowed food moves down the

to the . In the stomach

the liver adds and the pancreas adds other

digestive juices that break food down into a soupy liquid. Then the food
© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

moves to the where it can be absorbed into the

body through . The leftover food that could not

be digested moves to the , which has the

as its widest part. The last part of the large

intestine is the .

Chapter 3 • Human Body Systems Use with Lesson 2

50 Reading and Writing in Science The Digestive System