Mass Weight Density Notes

Unit 2: Mass Weight and Density
Key Questions How are weight and mass related? What is a gravitational field? How are mass and density related? Key Understanding Understand that mass is physical quantity that describes the amount of substance in an body Understand how the mass of a body affects - the magnitude of force acting on it when it is placed in a (Earths) gravitational field (Weight) - its density - its reluctance to change its state of rest or motion Mass Is the measure of the ____________________. SI unit is the ___________. State the factors do not affect the mass of an object. - Its ____________ - Its ____________ - Its ____________ - Its ____________ Measurement of Mass How do we measure the mass (amount of matter in a body)? Do we cut it up and count and the number of atoms or molecules? o The principle of measuring Mass is by __________________ the unknown mass with ________________________________ standard What are the instruments used to measure mass:
What is a gravitational field? A region in which a body of mass m _________________________________________ ________________________________. A body of mass place around the Earth experiences a force - What is the direction of the force? What do we call this force? How does the magnitude of this force change with its position from the Earth?
The magnitude of the gravitational fields influence on objects placed within this field is called its ____________________________________________. 1
Establish a mathematical relationship between the - Gravitational field strength of the Earth, g - Force of attraction, F (weight) and the - mass, m of a body placed within the Earths gravitational field.
Gravitational Field Strength Gravitational field strength, g is defined as the _________________________________ ____________________________. For the Earth, we rewrite the equation (replacing Force with Weight of the object) to obtain
Gravitational field strength near the Earths surface is about 10 N kg1 Example: When a boy of mass 78 kg is on the Earth, he experiences a force due the Earths gravitational field. Calculate his weight.
Example: Refer to the table below and answer the following questions Planet Mars Earth Jupiter (a) A brick has a weight of 20 N on the Earth. - What is meant by the above statement? Gravitational Field Strength / N kg-1 3.7 10 23
What is its mass on Jupiter?
Is its weight on Mars greater or smaller than 20N? Calculate its weight on Mars.
(b) The brick is now on the surface of Jupiter. On which of these instruments will the brick register a larger reading compared to the readings on Earth? - Electronic balance - Beam balance - Spring balance - Compression balance - Sliding balance (c) The brick is released from a height of h m from the surface of each of the 3 planets. i. What is the force pulling it towards the surface of the Earth?
ii.
What is the force pulling it towards the surface of Jupiter?
iii.
Does the brick fall faster on Jupiter or the Earth? Why?
iv.
What does this tell you about gravitational field strength and the acceleration of bodies falling under the effect of gravity?
Acceleration due to gravity Gravitational field strength (N kg1) same as acceleration due to gravity ( ________ ) - Verify by converting to gravitational field strength to base units Since the gravitational field strength of the Earth is 10 N kg1, this means that objects falling under the effect of Earths gravity have an ______________________ of 10 m s2. (_________________________________ of 10 m s1 every second) The gravitational field strength of the moon is smaller than that of the Earth, hence objects on the moon fall much _________ than they do on the Earth, 1.6 m s2. Example: The acceleration due to gravity near the surface of Mars is 3.7 m s-2. What is the a) Planets gravitational field strength b) The weight of an astronaut on Mars if his mass is 80 kg? Solution: a) Gravitational field strength =
b) Weight
=mg = =
Discuss the differences between mass and weight Mass Is the amount of substance in the body Constant at any location Measured in kilograms Measured using beam balance Can never be zero Depends on Measured in Measured using spring balance Can be zero Weight
Inertia and Mass What is Inertia? Give some examples. - the ___________________________ of the object to __________________________ _______________________________________________. Newtons first law of motion - states that a body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled by a force to do otherwise. Since a space craft in space is weightless, very little effort is needed to make it move. A single astronaut should be able to move the space craft with a single push. Do you agree?
A crate is suspended from a space craft. Is it easier to - push it sideways on the moon compared to the Earth? - lift it upwards on the moon compared to the Earth?
The ___________________________ of an object, the more difficult it is to start it moving or to stop it The greater the mass of a body the greater will be its ______________ Inertia depends on ____________ and not _________________.
Density (self study) Definition Formula, conventional symbols and units Conversion between kg m-3 and g cm-3 How the principle of floating and sinking is applied in a Hydrometer How special hydrometers are used to test whether a car battery is fully charged or whether milk has been diluted with water.
Misconceptions Inertia - Weightless (e.g. in space) objects still possesses inertia due to its mass Mass and Weight - Conversion between Newton and kilogram - Writing 1.0 kg = 10 N without realising that these are 2 different physical quantities Gravitational field - Gravitational field strength of the earth (in N kg-1) is equivalent to acceleration due to gravity (in m s-2) - Time taken for a body to fall through a height in a region of stronger gravitational field compared to one that is weaker field - Time taken for a body to fall through a height is independent of its mass (for small distances such that air resistance is negligible) Density - Conversion between units of density; g cm-3 and kg m-3 Summary

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Unit 2: Mass Weight and Density

What is its mass on Jupiter?

What is the force pulling it towards the surface of Jupiter?

Does the brick fall faster on Jupiter or the Earth? Why?

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