Oda class

oda class Indiqube Alpha Plot No.19/4 27 Outer Ring Rd, Kadubeesanahalli, Panathur, Kadubeesanahalli,
Marathahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103.

Q1. Find the value of x for which ( 5

)
−4

× (
5
)
−5

= (
5
)
3x

3 3 3

Ans: (
5
)
−4

× (
5
)
−5

= (
5
)
3x

3 3 3

−4+(−5) 3x
5 5
⇒ ( ) = ( )
3 3

−9 3x
5 5
⇒ ( ) = ( )
3 3

∴ 3x = −9
−9
⇒ x =
3

= −3

Hence x = −3
Q2. Find x, if
2x+3 5 x+2
8 8 8
( ) × ( ) = ( )
3 3 3

Ans: (
8
)
2x+3

× (
8
)
5

= (
8
)
x+2

3 3 3

2x+1+5 2+3x
8 2
⇒ ( ) = ( )
3 5

Comaring, we get:
2x + 1 + 5 = x+2

⇒ 2x − x = 2 − 1 − 5 ⇒ x = −4

∴ x = −4

Q3. Find the value of m for which 5 m

÷ 5
−3
= 5 .
5

Ans: 5
m
÷ 5
−3
= 5
5

m−(−3) 5
⇒ 5 = 5

m n m−n
[ ∵ a ÷ a = a ]

m+3 5
⇒ 5 = 5

Comparing exponents both sides, we get,

⇒ m + 3 = 5

⇒ m = 5 − 3

⇒ m = 2

Q4. If 53x-1 ÷ 25 = 125, find the value of x.

Ans: Given,
53x-1 ÷ 25 = 125
2
∵ 25 = 5 × 5 = 5

and 125 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 53
3x-1
∴ 5 ÷ (5)2 = (5)3
⇒ (5)3x-1-2 = 53 (∵ am ÷ an = (a)m-n)
⇒ (5)3x-3 = (5)3
On camparing both sides
Q5. Find the value of x-3 if x = (100)1-4 ÷ (100)0.
Ans: Given,
x = (100)1-4 ÷ (100)0
⇒ x = (100)-3 ÷ (100)0
⇒ x = (100)-3-0 [∵ am ÷ an = (a)m-n]
⇒ x = (100)-3
So, x-3 = [(100)-3]-3
= (100)9 [∵ (am)n =(a)mn]
Q6. Evaluate:
−2 −3 0
5 3 3
( ) × ( ) × ( )
9 5 5

Ans: (
5
)
−2

× (
3
)
−3

× (
3
)
0

9 5 5
 −2 −3+0
5 3
= ( ) × ( )
9 5

−2 −3
5 3
= ( ) × ( )
9 5

2 3
9 5
= ( ) × ( )
5 3
2 3
9 5
= 2
× 3
5 3
2 2 3
(3 ) 5
= ×
2 3
5 3
4 3
3 5
= ×
2 3
5 3

(4−3) (3−2)
= (3 ) × (5 )

= 3 × 5

= 15

Q7. By what number should (

−3 −2

be divided so that the quotient may be ( ?

−3 4
) )
2 27

Ans: Let (
−3 −2

be divided by x to get ( as quotient.

−3 4
) )
2 27

−3 −2

Then, (
−3 4
) ÷ x = ( )
2 27

−3 2
−2
−3 2
⇒ x = ( ) ÷ ( )
3
2 3
−3 −4
−3 (2)
= ( ) ÷ −6
2 (3)

−3 −6
−3 (3)
= ( ) ×
−4
2 (2)
−3 −6 −9

[∵ am × an = am+n]
(−3) ×(3) 3
= =
−3 −4 −7
2 ×2 2
7
2 −m 1 m n mn
= [ ∵ a = and (a ) = (a) ]
9 am
3

Q8. If
m 3 −2

, then find m.
5 ×5 ×5 12
−5
= 5
5

Ans: Given,
m 3 −2
5 ×5 ×5 12
= 5
−5
5

Using laws of exponents, am ÷ an = (a)m-n and a [∵ a is non-zero integer]

−m 1
= n
a

Then,
5m × 53 × 5-2 × 55 = 512
⇒ 5m × 58 × 5-2 = 512
⇒ 5m × 56 = 512
⇒ 5m+6 = 512 [∵ am × an = am+n]
On camparing both sides, we get
m + 6 = 12
⇒m=6
Q9. By what number should (
−3 −2

be divided so that the quotient is ( ?

−2 4
) )
3 9

Ans: Let the number be x

−3 −2
3 4
∴ ( ) ÷ x = ( )
−2 9

3 2
3 9
⇒ ( ) ÷ x = ( )
−2 4
3
3
( ) 2
−2
9
⇒ = ( )
x 4
3
3

3 2
−2 9
⇒ =
x 2
4
3
3
( )
3
−2

⇒ x = 2
9
( )
2
4
3
3
( )
3
−2

⇒ x =
(32 )2

( )
(22 )2

2 2
3
3 (2 )
⇒ x = ( ) × ( )
3 2 2
−2 (3 )

3 4
3 2
⇒ x = ( ) × ( )
3 4
−2 3
3 3 1
3 2 2
⇒ x = ( ) × ( ) × ( )
3 3 1
−2 3 3
1
1 2
⇒ x = ( ) × ( )
1
−1 3
 2
⇒ x =
−3
2×−1
⇒ x =
−3×−1
−2
⇒ x =
3

Q10. Simplify.
−5 −5
3 ×10 ×125

−7 −5
5 ×6

−5 −5

Ans: =
3 ×10

−7
×125

−5
5 ×6
−5 −5 3
3 ×(2×5) ×5
=
−7
5 ×(2×3)−5
−5 −5 −5 3
3 ×2 ×5 ×5
= −7 −5 −5
5 ×2 ×3

m m m
[ ∵ (ab) = a b ]
−5 −5 −5+3
3 ×2 ×5
= −7 −5 −5
5 ×2 ×3
−5 −5 −2
3 ×2 ×5
=
−7 −5 −5
5 ×2 ×3

m n m+n
[ ∵ a × a = a ]

−5−(−5) −5(−5) −2−(−7)

= 3 × 2 × 5

m n m−n
[ ∵ a ÷ a = a ]

−5+5 −5+5 −2+7 0 0 5

= 3 × 2 × 5 = 3 × 2 × 5

0
= 1 × 1 × 3125 [ ∵ a = 1]

= 3125

Q11. While studying her family’s history. Shikha discovers records of ancestors 12 generations back. She wonders how many ancestors she has
had in the past 12 generations. She starts to make a diagram to help her figure this out. The diagram soon becomes very complex.

1. Make a table and a graph showing the number of ancestors in each of the 12 generations.
2. Write an equation for the number of ancestors in a given generation n.
Ans: 1. On the basis of given diagram, we can make a table that shows the number of ancestors in each of the 12 generations.
Generations Ancestors
1st 2
2nd 22
3rd 23
4th...........12th 24...........212

Hence, we can also make a graph that shows the relation between generation and ancestor.

2. On the basis of generation-ancestor graph, the number of ancestors in n generations will 2n.
Q12. Simplify:
3
−2 −4
−2 1 −1 1
(( ) ) × ( ) × 3 ×
3 3 6

Ans: Using law of exponents, (am)n = (a)m×n, a ,am × an = am+n and am ÷ an = am-n [∵ a is non-zero integer]
−m 1
= m
a
3
−2 −4
−2 1 −1 1
∴ (( ) ) × ( ) × 3 ×
3 3 6

(−2)×3
−2 4 1 1
= ( ) × (3) × ×
3 3 6

−6

[∵ 6 = 2 × 3]
−2 4 1 1
= ( ) × 3 × ×
3 3 2×3
 6
3 4 1
= ( ) × 3 ×
−2 3×2×3
6
(3)
4 1
= × 3 × 1 2
(−2)6 2 ×3
6+4

[(-am) = am, if m is even number]

(3)
=
6+1 2
(2) ×3
10 10−2
(3) 3
= =
7 2 7
2 ×3 2
8
3
=
7
2

Q13. Find the values of the following cases given below.

1. Find the value of 3 + 4 −1 −1

1.
7

13

2.
7

12

3.
5

12

4.
7

22

2. Find the value of (3 0

+ 4
−1
) × 2 .
2

1. -5
2. 4
3. 5
4. 3
3. Find the value of (3 −1
+ 4
−1
+ 5
−1 0
) .

1. -1
2. 2
3. 0
4. 1
1 −1
4. Find the value (( 3
− (
1

4
)
−1
)
−1

1. -1
2. 0
3. 1
4. 2
5. Find the value of ( 1

2
)
−1
+ (
1

3
)
−1
+ (
1

4
)
−1
.

1. 8
2. 9
3. 10
4. 11
6. Find the value of ( 1

2
)
−2
+ (
1

3
)
−2
+ (
1

4
)
−2
.

1. 27
2. 28
3. 29
4. 30
7. Find the value of (2 −1
× 4
−1
) ÷ 2
−2
.

1. 1

2.
1

3. 1

4. 1

Ans: 1. (b) 7

12

2. (c) 5
3. (d) 1
4. (a) -1
5. (b) 9
6. (c) 29
7. (d) 1

Q14. There were 5 questions in Exam of Class VIII from the Chapter Exponents and Powers. Simplify the following.
1. Simplify: (6 − 8 ) + (2 − 3 ) . −1 −1 −1 −1 −1

1. 30
2. 90
3. 1

4. 29
2. Simplify: (5 −1
× 3
−1
) ÷ 6
−1
.
 1. 30
2. 90
3. 1

4. 29
3. Simplify: (4 −1
× 8
−1
) ÷ (
2

3
)
−1
.

1. 30
2. 90
3. 1

4. 29
4. Simplify: ( 1

4
)
−2
+ (
1

2
)
−2
+ (
1

3
)
−2

1. 30
2. 90
3. 1

4. 29
−1
−1

5. Simplify: {6 −1
+ (
3

2
) }

1.
6

2. 25

36

3. 1

16

4. − 3

6. Simplify: (2 −1 −1 2 5 −1
÷ 5 ) × (− ) .
8

1. 64
2. ( ) 1

5
9

3. 4 12

6. Simplify: (3 −1
× 4
−1
)
−1
× 5
−1
.

1. 12

2. 12

3.
12

4. 12

Ans: 1. (a) 30
2. (b) 90
3. (c) 1

4. (a) 6

5. (d)
6. (a) 12

Q15. Here below are given some Powers. Express the following as a rational number of the form
p
.
q
p
1. Express the following as a rational number of the form q
: 5
−3

1. 1

2. 1

125

3. 3

4. 1

41
p
2. Express the following as a rational number of the form q
: (−2)
−5

1. 1

32

2. − 1

3. − 1

32

4. − 3

32
p
3. Express the following as a rational number of the form
4 −3
: ( )
q 3

1.
27

61

2. 7

64

3. 27

60

4.
27

64

4. Express the following as a rational number of the form

p −2 −4
: ( )
q 5

1. 625

16

2. 8
 3. 125

4. 117649

400

5. Express 2-3 as a rational number of the form

p

q
, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
1. 1

2. 1

16

3. 1

12

4. 1

24

6. Express (-4)-2 as a rational number of the form

p

q
, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
1. 3

16

2. 16
1

3.
5

16

4.
7

16

Ans: 1. (b) 1

125

2. (c) −
1

32

3. (d) 27

64

4. (a) 625

16

5. (a) 1

6. (b)
1

16

Q16. This table shows the mass of one atom for five chemical elements. Use it to answer the question given.
Elements Mass of atom (kg)
Titanium 7.95 × 10-26
Lead 3.44 × 10-25
Silver 1.79 × 10-25
Lithium 1.15 × 10-26
Hydrogen 1.674 × 10-27

1. Which is the heaviest element?

2. Which element is lighter, Silver or Titanium?
3. List all five elements in order from lightest to heaviest.
Ans: Arrangement of masses of atoms in same power of 10 is given by:
Titanium = 7.95 × 10-26
Lead = 34.4 × 10-26
Silver = 17.9 × 10-26
Hydrogen = 0.1674 × 10-26
Thus, we have
34.4 > 17.9 > 7.95 > 1.15 > 0.1674
1. Lead heaviest is the heaviest element.
2. Silver = 17.9 × 10-26 and Titanium = 7.95 × 10-26, So titanium is lighter.
3. Arrangement of elements in order from lightest to haviest is given by:
Hydrogen < Lithium < Titanium < Silver < Lead.

Q17. Using the laws of exponents, simplify the following cases and express in exponential form.
1. Using the laws of exponents, simplify the following and express in exponential form: 3 × 3 7 −2

1. 3 5

2. 2 −4

3. 5 −6

4. (−14) −3

2. Using the laws of exponents, simplify the following and express in exponential form: 2 ÷ 2 −7 −3
.

1. 3 5

2. 2 −4

3. 5 −6

4. (−14) −3

3. Using the laws of exponents, simplify the following and express in exponential form: (5 ) 2 −3

1. 3 5

2. 2 −4

3. 5 −6
 4. (−14) −3

4. Using the laws of exponents, simplify the following and express in exponential form: 2 −3
× (−7)
−3
.

1. 3 5

2. 2 −4

3. 5 −6

4. (−14) −3

−5

5. Using the laws of exponents, simplify the following and express in exponential form:
3

−5
.
4

1. ( 3

4
)
−5

2. (
−1 6
)
4

3. ( 1

2
)
7

4. ( 1

6
)
4

Ans: 1. (a) 3 5

2. (b) 2 −4

3. (c) 5 −6

4. (d) (−14) −3

5. (a) ( )
3 −5

Q18. Investigating Solar System: The table shows the average distance from each planet in our solar system to the sun.
Planet Distance from sun (km) Distance from sun (km) Standard Notation
Earth 149,600,000 1.496 × 108
Jupiter 778,300,000
Mars 227,900,000
Mercury 57,900,000
Neptune 4,497,000,000
Pluto 5,900,000,000
Saturn 1,427,000,000
Uranus 2,870,000,000
Venus 108,200,000

1. Complete the table by expressing the distance from each planet to the Sun in scientific notation.
2. Order the planets from closest to the sun to farthest from the sun.
Ans: 1. Sceintific notation from Sun to:
Earth = 149600000 = 1496 × 105 = 1.496 × 108
Jupiter = 778300000 = 7783 × 105 = 7.783 × 108
Mars = 227900000 = 2279 × 105 = 2.297 × 108
Mercury = 57900000 = 579 × 105 = 5.97 × 107
Neptune = 4497000000 = 4497 × 106 = 4.497 × 109
Pluto = 5900000000 = 59 × 108 = 5.9 × 109
Saturn = 1427000000 = 1427 × 106 = 1.427 × 109
Uranus = 28700000000 = 287 × 107 = 2.87 × 109
Venus = 108200000 = 1082 × 105 = 1.082 × 108
2. Order of planet from closest to the Sun to farthest from the sun is given by:
Mercury < Venus < Earth < Mars < Jupiter < Saturn < Uranus < Naptune < Pluto
Q19. Astronomy The table shows the mass of the planets, the sun and the moon in our solar system.
Celestial Body Mass (kg) Mass (kg) Standard Notation
Sun 1,990,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 1.99 × 1030
Mercury 330,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Venus 4,870,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Earth 5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Mars 642,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Jupiter 1,900,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Saturn 568,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Uranus 86,800,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Neptune 102,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Pluto 12,700,000,000,000,000,000,000
Moon 73,500,000,000,000,000,000,000

1. Write the mass of each planet and the Moon in scientific notation.
 2. Order the planets and the moon by mass, from least to greatest.
3. Which planet has about the same mass as earth?
Ans: 1. Mass of each planet and Moon in sceintific notation is given below:
Using law of exponents, am × an = am + n
Sun = 199 × 1028 = 1.99 × 1028 × 102 = 1.99 × 1030
Mercury = 33 × 1022 = 3.3 × 1022 × 10 = 3.3 × 1023
Venus = 487 × 1022 = 4.87 × 1022 × 102 = 4.87 × 1024
Earth = 597 × 1022 = 5.97 × 1022 × 102 = 5.97 × 1024
Mars = 642 × 1027 = 6.42 × 1027 × 102 = 6.42 × 1029
Jupiter = 19 × 1026 = 1.9 × 1026 × 10 = 1.9 × 1027
Saturn = 568 × 1024 = 5.68 × 1024 × 102 = 5.68 × 1026
Uranus = 868 × 1023 = 8.68 × 1023 × 102 = 8.68 × 1025
Naptune = 102 × 1024 = 1.02 × 1024 × 102 = 1.02 × 1026
Pluto = 127 × 1020 = 1.27 × 1020 × 102 = 1.27 × 1022
Moon = 735 × 1020 × 102 = 7.35 × 1022
2. Order of mass of all planets and Moon from least of greatest:
Pluto < Moon < Mercury < Venus < Earth < Uranus < Naptune < Saturn < Jupiter < Mars
3. Venus has about the same mass as earth.
Q20. An insect is on the 0 point of a number line, hopping towards 1. She covers half the distance from her current location to 1 with each hop.
So, she will be at after one hop, after two hops, and so on.
1

2
3

1. Make a table showing the insect’s location for the first 10 hops.
2. Where will the insect be after n hops?
3. Will the insect ever get to 1? Explain.
Ans: 1. On the basis of given information in the question, we can arrange the following table which shows the insect’s location for the first
10 hops.
Number of hops Distance covered Distance left Distance covered
1.
1 1 1
1 −
2 2 2

2. 1 1 1 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 2 2 4 4

3. 1 1 3 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 4 4 8 8

4.
1 1 7 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 8 8 16 16

5.
1 1 15 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 16 16 32 32

6. 1 1 31 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 32 32 64 64

7. 1 1 63 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 64 64 128 128

8.
1 1 127 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 128 128 256 256

9.
1 1 255 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 256 256 512 512

10.
1 1 511 1 1
( ) + 1 −
2 512 512 1024 1024

2. If we see the distance covered in each hops

Distance covered in 1st hop = 1 − 1

Distance covered in 2nd hops = 1 −

1

Distance covered in 3rd hops

1
= 1 −
8
n

Distance covered in 3rd hops = 1 − ( 1

2
)

3. No, because for reaching 1, ( 1

2
) has to be zero for some finite n which is not possible.