UNIT I: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT

Units of measurements. System of Units, , S I Units, fundamental and derived units, least count.

significant figures, Errors in measurements , Dimensions of Physics quantities. dimensional

analysis, and its applications.

UNIT 2: KINEMATICS

lhe franre of reference, motion in a straight line. Position- time graph. speed and velocitl:

Unifonn and non-uniform motion. average speed and instantaneous velocity. unilbrmlv

accelerated motion. velocity-time, position-time graph, relations lor uniformly accelerated

motioir- Scalars and Vectors. Vector. Addition and subtraction, , scalar and vector products. Unit

Vector. Resolution of a Vcctor. Relative Velocity. Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion. Unifbrm

Circular Motion.

UNIT3: LAWS OF MOTION

Force and inertia, Ne*'ton's First law of motion: Momentum, Newton,s Second Law of motion,

Impulses: Ne*ton's Third Lar,v of motion. I-aw of conservation of linear momentum and its

applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces.

Static and Kinetic flriction, larvs of friction. rolling friction.

Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level

circular road. vehicle on a banked road.

UNIT 4: WORK, BNERGY, AND POWER

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies. work-energy

theorem, power.

The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy. conservative and nonconservative
forces; motion in a vertical circle: Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and trvo

dimensions.

UNITS: ROTATIONAL MOTION

Centue of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body: Basic concepts
of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular

momentum and its applications;

The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia forsimple geometrical

objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems. and their applications. Equitibrium of rigid

bodies. rigid body rotation and equations ofrotational motion , comparison oflinear and rotational

motions.

UNIT 6: GRAVITATION

The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and

depth. Kepler's law oi planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential.

Escape velocity, Motion ofa satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy ofsatellite.

UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus, bulk modulus,

modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a tluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Effect of

gravity on fluid pressure.

Viscosity. Stokes' law. terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow.critical velocity

Bemoulli's principle and its applications.

Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface,

application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal

expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat tansferconduction,
convection, and radiation.

UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS

Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work, and

intemal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes.

The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.

UhITT 9: KIIIETIC THEORY OF GASES

Equation of state of a perfect gas, rvork done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases -

assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas

molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition ofenergy and applications to specific heat

capacities ofgases; Mean free path. Avogadro's number.

UNIT 10: OSCILLATIONS AI\D WAVES

Oscillations and periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time.

Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a

spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies;

Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period:

Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of travelling wave. Displacement

relation for a progressive wave. Principle ofsuperposition ofwaves, reflection ofwaves. Standing

waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics- Beats.

UNIT 11: ELECTROSTATICS

Electric charges: Conservation ofcharge. Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces

between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field

due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field'

;:

---7 za--.1 ->

Electric flux' Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infnitely long uniformly charged

straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.

Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of chargesl

potential diference, Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential eneigy ofa system of two poinl

charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

conductors and insulators. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitances,, the

combination ofcapacitors in series and parallel, capacitance ofa parallel plate capacitor with and

without dielectric medium bet*'een the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.

UNIT 12: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Electric current. Drift velocity, mobility and their relation *ith electric current.. Ohm,s law.

Electrical resistance.. v-l characteristics of ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. Electrical energy

and power' Electrical resistiviry and conductivity. Series and parallel combinations of resistors;
Temp€rature dependence of resistance.

Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel.
Kirchhoffs raws and their applications. wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge.

UNIT 13: MAGNETIC ETFECTS oF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere,s larv and its applications to
infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Fo."e on a moving

charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel
currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a

uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and
voltmeter.

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid. magnetic field lines; Magnetic fierd due to a magneric dipole (bar magnet) arong its axis and
perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole in a unifor- .ugn.,i" field. para-

' dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, effect of temperu,*. on.Jgn.,ic properties.

UNIT I4: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTI,N AND ALTERNATING .URRENTS

Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced emf and cunent: Lenz,s Law, Eddy currents. Self and
mutuar inductance. Artemating cunents, peak and RMS varue of altemating current/ voltage: reactance
and impedance: LCR series ci.cuit, ,esonance: power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and
transformer.

UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of

electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visibre,
ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.

UNIT l6: OPTICS

Reflection of light, spherical minors, morror formura. Refraction of right at prane and sphericar surfaces,
thin lens formula and lens maker formura. Totar intemal reflection and its applications.

TIN!T

. Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light

tkough a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their

magnifying powers.

Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws ofreflection and refraction using Huygens

principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent

sources, and sustained interFerence of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central

maximum.. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and

Polaroid.

I?: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's

photoelectric equation: particle nature oflight. Matter wbves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie

relation..

UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels'

hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass

defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.

UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a

rectifier; I-V characteristics ofLED. the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as

a voltage regulator.. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).
UNIT 20: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS

Familiarity with the basic approach and observations ofthe experiments and activities:

r. Vemier calipers-its use to measure the intemal and extemal diameter and depth of a vessel.

z. Screw gauge-its use to determine thicknesV diameter ofthin sheet/wire'

r. Simple pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude

and time.

l. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments'

s. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire'

o. Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents,

z. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given

spherical bodY'

a. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube,

s. Specific heat capacity ofa given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.

t0. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge'

t t. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law'

t2. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by halfdeflection method.

tr. The focal len4h of;

(i) Convex mirror

(ii) Concave mirror, and

(i0 Convex lens, using the parallax method.

tl. The plot ofthe angle ofdeviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism'

15. Refractive index ofa glass slab usinq a travelling microscope.

to. characteristic cun'es of a p-njunction diode in forward and reverse bias.

tz. characteristic cun'es ofa Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.

ta- Identificatic'n of Di.de. LED,. Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items

rf

CHEMISTRY

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element. and

compound:: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and moleculat masses, mole concept, molar

mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae: Chemical equations and

stoichiometry.

UNIT 2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr

model ofa hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation ofthe relations for the energy ofthe electron

and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of r,latter, de Broglie's

relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas ofquantum mechanics, quantum

mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features. Concept of atomic

orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation ofY and Y2 with r for ls and 2s orbitals:

various

quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, arrd magnetic quantum numbers) and their

slgnificance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number: Rules for

filling electrons in orbitis - Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule,

electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals'

UNIT 3: CHEMICAL BONDINC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds'
Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds;

calculation of lattice enthalPY.

covalent Bonding: concept of electronegativity. Fajan's rule, dipole moment: valence Shell

ElectronPairRepulsion(VSEPR)theoryandshapesofsimplemolecules.

Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important f'eatures.

the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance'

Molecular orbital Theory - Its important features. LCAOs, 'types of molecular orbitals

(bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configuralions of

homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept ofbond order, bond length, and bond energy'

Elementaryideaofmetallicbonding.Hydrogenbondingandisapplications.

UNIT 4: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Fundamentals of thermodynamics: system and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties'

state functions, types of processes'

The first lew of thermodynamics - concept of work, heat intemal energy and enthalpy, heat

capacity,molarheat.up*ity;Hess,slawofconstantheatsummation;Enthalpiesofbond

dissociation, combustion' formation, atomization. sublimation. phase transition, hydration. ionization.

and solution.

The second raw of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes: AS ofthe universe and AC of the system
as criteria for spontaneity. AG" (Standard'Gibbs energy change) and equiribrium constant.

UNIT 5: SOLUTIONS

UNIT 6: EQUILIBRIUM

UNIT 8: CHEMICAL KINETICS

Different methods for expressing the concentration of sorution - morarity, molarity, more fraction.
percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure ofsolutions and Raoult,s law - Ideal
and.non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions:
colligative properties of dirute sorutions - a rerative lowering of vapour pressure, depression or
mass

freezing point' the elevation of.boiring point anJ o.,,o,i|'p."rrr..; Determination of morecurar

significance.

using colligative properties; Abnormal uutr" or .it* mass, van,t Hoff factor and its

Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium.

Equilibria invorving physicar processes: SolidJiquid,

Henry,s liquid - gas and sorid_gas equiribria, law. Ceneral characreristlcs of equilib.lr,, i,ir"fri"i
pirriiJ#*.rl*-

Equiribrium

constants (K,

invorving chemicar processes: Law of chemicar equiribrium, equiribrium and K") and their significance,
the significance of aG -j equiribrium, oc" in chemical factors affecting equirib--rium .or."n,rrtion,
pressure, temperature, catalyst; Le Chatelier,s the effect of principle.

Ionic equiribrium: weak. and strong electroryes,

acids and bases

ioni-ation of erectroryes, various concepts of

equilibria (incruding

1461"nius. Brons-ted - Lorvry ira twis; and their ionization, acid-base murtistage ionization) -i i*i*ion
"o**o, scale, common ion ionirrtn of water. pH ef;fecr, hvdrorysis of sar,, *Jpn or,r,"i. *rrti";;,;;;;;lii,y
soluble salts of sparingry and solubiliry produ;m, butrer s;l;;;;. l

UNIT N REDOX REACTIONS AI{D ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electronic concepts of oxidation il-.";;;;;;1.x

assigning oxidation reactions, oxidation number, rules for number, balancing of redo;;";;"^.

Electrolltic and metallic conduction, conductance

and their in electrolyic solutions, molar conductivities variation with concentration: Kohlrausch,. lu* ana
its applications.

Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different potentials including types of electrodes,
erectrode standard- electrode potentit;ari- cell and its measurement:
celr and cerr reacrions, emf of a Garvanic Nemst

"q,ation il L ;;;;;;'ffi;:il;'ob"t*".n potentiar and Gibbs' energy ... change: o.y

""ir *Ji""Jaccumurator; Fuel cers.

Rate ofa chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, pressure' and
temperature. catalyst: elementary and compiex ,"J.^,

".0a, rate law, and morecurariry of reactions. rate constant and its units, airrei"ntiui arJ'i*.*, forms of
zero and first-order

\ --:

reactions. their characteristics and half-lives, the el'fect of temperature on the rate oi reactions.

Arrhenius theory. activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous

reactions (no derivation).

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT 9: CLASSITICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES

Modem periodic law and present form ofthe periodic table. s, p. d and fblock elements- periodic

trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii. ionization enthalpy, electron gain

enthalp)'. valence. oxidation states. and chemical reactivity'

UNIT IO: P- BLOCK ELEMENTS

Group -13 to GrouP 18 Elements

General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical

properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first

element in each grouP.

UNIT ll: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS

Transition Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occulrence and characteristics, general trends in

properties ofthe first.row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation
states. atomic radii. colour. catalytic behaviour. magnetic properties, complex formation.

interstitialcompounds.alloyfbrmation:Preparation,properties,andusesofKzCrzol.and

KMnOr.

lnner Transition Elements

Lanthanoids-Electronicconfiguration,oxidationstates,andlanthanoidcontraction.

Actinoids - Electronic contiguration and oxidation states'

UNIT l2: CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS

Introductiontocoordinationcompounds.Wemer,stheory;ligands,coordinationnumber.

denticity. chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds' isomerism:

Bonding.ValencebondapproachandbasicideasofCrystaltieldtheory,colourandmagnetic

properties; lmportance oico-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis. extraction of metals

and in biological sYstems)'

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT 13: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOIJNDS

Purification - Crystallization. sublimarion'

chromatography - principles and their applications'

distillation, differential extraction, and

Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur' phosphorus' and halogens

\--iI 8 z1 S

'7

Quantitative analysis (basic principres onry) - Estimation of carbon. hydrogen. nitrogen. halogens.
sulphur. phosphorus.

calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae: Numerical oroblems in organic quantitalive
anall,sis.

UNIT I4:SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF oRGANIC CHEMISTRY

Tetra\ralency of carbon: Shapes of simple morecules - hybridization (s and p): crassification of organic
compounds based on f,nctional groups: and those containing haloge( o*yg"n. nit.og"n. and sulphur;
Homorogous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.

' Nomenclature (Trivial and IUpAC)

Col'aient bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals. carbocations. and carbanions: stability
ofcarbocations and free radicals. electiophires. una nr.t.opiir...

"- " *.

Electronic displacement in a covalent bond

- Inductive efl'ect, electromeric efl.ect. resonance. and hyperconjugation.

Common types of organic reactions- Substitution. addition. eliminatioir, and rearranqement.

UNITS 15: HYDROCARBONS

Classification' isomerism. IUpAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and

reactions.

Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman

halogenation of alkanes.

projections (of ethane): Mechanism oi

Alkenes - Geornetrical isomerism: Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen. halogens,

water. hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide

"ff".tt,

'"Oronofysis

and poll merization.

Polymerization.

Alkynes - Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen. halogens. water. and hydrogen harides:

electrophilic

Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature. benzene - structure and aromaticitl,: Mechanism of

substitution: halogenation, nitration.

Friedel - craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the tunctional group in mono- substituted
benzene.

UNIT l6: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS

substitution

General methods ofpreparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C_X bond: Mechanisms ol
reactions.

Uses; Environmental effects ofchloroform, iodoform lieons, and DDT

UNIT 17: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN

General methods ofpreparation, properties, reactions, and uses.

ALCOHOLS, PIIENOLS, anyp g1116p5

Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of dehydration.

Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation. nitration and

sulphonation. Reimer - Tiemann reaction.

Ethers: Structure.

Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >c:o group'

relative reactivities ofaldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition

reactions (addition of HCN. NH:. and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation: reduction

(wolf Kishner and clemmensen); the acidity of cr.-hydrogen. aldol condensatiorl canniz.zaro

reaction. Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones'

CarboxYlic Acids

Acidic strength and factors affecting it'

UNIT I8: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN

General methods ofpreparation. Properties, reactions, and uses'

Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of

primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character'

Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry'

UNIT 19: BIOMOLECULES

General introduction and importance olbiomolecules'

CARBOHYDRATES - classitication; aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and

fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose)'

PRoTEINS.ElementaryIdeaofo.anrinoacids,peptidebond,polypeptides.Proteins:primary.

secondary, tertiary, and quatemary structure (qualitative i<Iea only), denaturation of proteins'

enzymes.

VITAMINS - Classillcation and functions'

NUCLEIC ACIDS - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA'

Biological functions of nucleic acids'

Hormones (General introduction)

UNIT 20: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAI, CHEMISTRY

Detectionofextraelements(Nilrogen,sulphur,halogens)inorganiccompounds;Detectionof

the following functional g.oup., hydro*yi ialcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and

ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic cotnpounds'

o The chemistry involved in the preparation ofthe following:

Inoiganic compounds: Mohr's salt. potash alum'

Organic compounds: Acetanilide. p-r'itro acetanilide' aniline yellor'r" iodoform'

l()

' The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises - Acids. bases and the use of indicators. oxalicacid vs
KMnO+. Mohr's salt vs KMnO.r

r Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:

cations -

pb2+. cu2+. Alr*, Fe3*. zn2r, Ni2*, c02*, Ba2*, Mg2-. NHi

Anions- COj-, SL.SO|-. \o3'. No2-, CI-, Br-. I-( Insoluble salts excluded).

Chemical principles involved in the follorving experiments:

l. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO,r

2. Enthalpy of neutralization ofsrrong acid and strong base.

3. Preparation oflyophilic and lyophobic sols.

4. Kineric study of the reaction oriodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temDerature.

lt

Bl()t.()(;\

UNIT l: Diversity in Living World

. What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification;; Taxonomy & Systematics;

Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature;

. Five kingdom classification: salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and

Fungi into major groups: Lichensl Viruses and Viroids.

. salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes,

Pteridophyres, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing featues and at

least two examples of each category);

. Salient features and classification ofanimals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate

up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples)'

UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

. Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of

flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inllorescence- cymose and recemose, flower' fruit

and seed 1To be dealt along with the relevant practical ofthe Practical Syllabus) Family

(malvaceae, Cruciferae, leguminoceae, compositae, graminae)'

. Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive,

circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog)' (Brief account

onlY)

UNIT 3: Cell Structure and Function

cell theory and cell as the basic unit oflife; Structure ofprokaryotic and eukaryotic cell;
Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope' cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organellesstructure and function;
Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum' Golgi bodies'

lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; Cytoskeleton'

cilia flag"lla centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane'

chromatin, nucleolus.

chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins,

carbodydrates. lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-rypes, properties' enzyme action'

classification and nomenclature of anzymes

B Cetl division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance'

UNIT 4: Plant PhYsiologr

. Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of

photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary-.idea);

Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic and

ll

photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hlpothesis; photorespiration c3 and c4

pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.

' Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis. fermentation (anaerobic),

TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations- Number ofATp

molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.

' Plant growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant gowth and plant growth rate;
Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and

redifferentiation; Sequence ofdevelopmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulatorsauxin, gibberellin,

cy.tokinin, ethylene, ABA;

UNIT 5: Human Physiolog;r

' Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animars (reca onry); Respiratory

system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of

gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders

related to respiration-Asthm4 Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.

' Body fluids and circulation: composition ofblood, blood groups, coagulation ofbrood;

composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-structure of human

heart and blood vessers; cardiac cycle, cardiac output. ECc. Doubre circulation;

Regulation ofcardiac activity; Disorders ofcircuratory system-Hypertension, coronary

artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.

' Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism,

ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine formation,

osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial

Natriuretic Factor' ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other orgais in excretion;

Disorders; Uraemia, Renal fairure, Renal carcuri, Nephritis; Diarlsis and artificial

kidney.

' Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- c iary, fiagelrar, muscular; Skeletal

muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with
the relevant practical of practical sylrabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia
gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis,

Osteoporosis, Gout.

' Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humanscentral

nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of
nerve impulse;

' chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-
Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, Thyroid, parathyroid, Adrenal,

Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism ofhormone action (Elementary ldea); Role ofhormones

as messengers and regurators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and rerated disorders (common

disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease).

(lmp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be deolt in brief.)

1J
\-

IINIT 6: Reproduction

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and

female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices;

Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of

endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modesapomixis,
parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.

Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of

testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle;

Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation: Pregnancy

and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation

(Elementary idea).

Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually

transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; lnfertility and assisted

reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

IJMT 7: Genetics and Evolution

. Heredity and variation: Mendelian lnheritance; Deviations from MendelismIncomplete dominance, Co-
dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood

groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of

inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-l-n humans' birds, honey bee;

Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia colour blindness;

Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans;

Down's syndrome, Tumer's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

. Moleculat basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic

material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central
dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac

Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein

biosynthesis.

. Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution

from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence);

Darwin,s contribution, Modem Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolutionVariation

(Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of

natural selection; cene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-weinberg's principle; Adaptive

Radiation; Human evolution.

UNIT 8: Biology' and Human Welfare

Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis,

Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue,

chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS;

Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.Tobacco abuse

1 l{

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Microbes in hurnan r^.'ellare: In househ.ld tbod processing, lrdustrial production,

sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

tiNIT 9: Bi<rtechnologl and lts A.pplir:ations

Princrples and process of Biote:hnologl: Gerietic engineering (Recornbinant DNA

technology).

Application of Biotechnology rn hcalth and agnculture: Human insulin and vaccine

proi.iuction, gens therapyi Cienbtically modified :organisms-Br crops: Transgenic

Animalsl Biosalety issues-Biopirac;r and patents.

UNIT l0: Ecolog. and Environment

' organisms and environrnentPopulation intemctions-mutualism, competition..predation,

parasitisml Populaticn attributes-growth. birth rate ad death rate, age distnburion.

Ecosystem: Pattems, components; produchvitv aud decomposition: Energy flow:

Pyramids of number, biomass. energy

Biodiversity and its conservation: concepr of Biodiversity; patterns of Biodiversity:

Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversityr Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots,

endangered organisms. extinction; Red Data Book. biosphere resen'es, National parks

and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves