Principles of

Floriculture

Aniketkumar L. Bijewar
Aishwarya Rajkumar Ingole
K. Lily Rangnamei
Mansi Mishra
Priyanka Solanki
Principles of Floriculture

Editors:
Aniketkumar L. Bijewar

Aishwarya Rajkumar Ingole

K. Lily Rangnamei

Mansi Mishra

Priyanka Solanki

www.ninetalespublishings.com
 Principles of Floriculture

Aniketkumar L. Bijewar
Ph. D. Research Scholar, Department of Floriculture and Landscape
Architecture,
Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola,
Maharashtra (444104)

Aishwarya Rajkumar Ingole

Ph. D. Research Scholar, Department of Floriculture and Landscape
Architecture,
Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola,
Maharashtra

K. Lily Rangnamei
Working as SMS (Horticulture)
ICAR – KVK Imphal West, Manipur

Mansi Mishra
M.Sc. Scholar, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,
Prayagraj, U.P.

Priyanka Solanki
Assistant Professor (ABM) and Incharge of Department of Social Science,
College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Agriculture University, Kota,
Rajasthan (326023)
 Principles of Floriculture

www.ninetalespublishings.com
All rights reserved
© Aniketkumar L. Bijewar, Aishwarya Rajkumar Ingole, K. Lily Rangnamei,
Mansi Mishra, Priyanka Solanki
First Impression: November 2024
This publication's text, graphics, logos, photographs, and layout are all
protected by copyright, either by Ninetales Publishings or the respective
editors. Distribution or usage without permission is strictly forbidden.
This publication is intended for informational and entertainment purposes
only. The views expressed are those of the editors and may not necessarily
reflect the views of Ninetales Publishings.
Ninetales Publishings does not guarantee the timeliness or completeness of
the material provided, even though we take every precaution to assure its
accuracy. When in doubt, readers should rely on their own discretion and
seek advice from qualified experts. The usage of this book may not result in
any loss or harm for which Ninetales Publishings shall not be responsible.
ISBN: 978-93-48188-12-0
 Preface

The art and science of cultivating flowers, known as floriculture, has

captivated humanity for centuries. It is more than just the cultivation of plants; it
is the cultivation of beauty, fragrance, and emotion. This book, "Principles of
Floriculture," is a comprehensive guide that explores the intricacies of this
fascinating field.

Within these pages, you will embark on a journey through the

fundamental principles of plant growth, propagation, and cultivation. You will
delve into the diverse world of ornamental plants, from the delicate rose to the
vibrant orchid. You will learn about the art of floral design, the science of plant
nutrition, and the importance of sustainable practices in floriculture.

Whether you are a budding horticulturist, a seasoned professional, or

simply a flower enthusiast, this book offers something for everyone. It is a
valuable resource for students, researchers, and practitioners alike, providing a
solid foundation in the principles of floriculture.

As you explore the pages of this book, may you be inspired by the beauty
and wonder of the floral world. May you gain a deeper appreciation for the
intricate balance of nature and the human ingenuity that brings forth such
breathtaking blooms.

iii
 About the Editors
Aniketkumar L. Bijewar is a Ph. D. Research scholar at
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Post
Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra (444104). He has completed
his graduation and post-graduation from College of
Agriculture, Nagpur, Maharashtra in the year 2018 and 2020
respectively. He has cleared ICAR ASRB- NET examination in
2021 and 2023. He has awarded Mahatma Jyotiba Phule
Research Fellowship- 2022 for Ph. D. Research. He also
published many popular articles, some abstracts in National
and International conferences, attended & present abstracts
in symposiums, some book chapters in different published
books and also published 4 research papers in different
journals. He is also editor of the book 'Recent Advances in
Plant Physiology'. He also completed some national and
international training programmes and some workshops. He
has a research recommendation in JOINT AGRESCO-2023.

Aishwarya Rajkumar Ingole currently purusing Ph.D. in

the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture,
Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. She has completed her M.Sc
(Horticulture) from College of Agriculture, Nagpur,
Maharashtra in year 2020.She has cleared ICAR ASRB- NET
examination in 2021. She has awarded Chhatrapati Shahu
Maharaj Research, Training and Human Development
Institute (SARTHI) Pune Fellowship-2022 for Ph.D research.
She has research experience in field of Floriculture and
Landscaping and published research papers in national and
international journal. She has a research recommendation in
JOINT AGRESCO -2023. She also published many conferences
paper, book chapter and popular article. She attends some
national and international training programmes and some
workshop.

iv
K. Lily Rangnamei is working as SMS (Horticulture) at ICAR
– KVK Imphal West, Manipur. She published 15 research
paper, 2 book, 10 abstracts, 5 book chapter, 8 folder, 8
popular article, 5 newsletter, and 4 oral presentations in
national international conferences. Awarded 2 numbers of
award for Best oral presentation first position and Best KVK
Scientist Award. She is also a co-Inventor of 2 technology
developed by ICAR Manipur centre institute deposited in
krishi portal and patented. She is P I in NABARD funded
project and Co –PI in various project like NEC, NMSHE, SCST
and TSP. She is a life member of two research society.

Mansi Mishra is an accomplished academic with a strong

foundation in agriculture and horticulture. She holds a B.Sc.
in Agriculture and an M.Sc. in Floriculture and Landscaping,
equipping her with extensive knowledge in plant sciences.
Her research contributions include a published research
paper and various articles in the field of Floriculture,
reflecting her passion for both academia and practical
horticulture. She has also been involved in writing upcoming
articles and book chapters, further expanding her influence
in the field. Her commitment to research and education is
matched by her enthusiasm for gardening, where she applies
her scientific expertise to practical applications.

Priyanka Solanki is working as Assistant Professor (ABM)

and Incharge of Department of Social Science in College of
Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Agriculture University,
Kota, Rajasthan (326 023). She did MBA (Agri Business
Management) in 2005 and Ph. D (Agri Business) in 2017
from Institute of Agri Business Management, Swami
Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner. She
was awarded Gold Medal in her MBA and also bagged various
awards in different seminars and conferences. She has
organised various national seminars, workshops and
trainings. She has published many Popular Articles,
Abstracts, Research Paper, book chapter in various national
and international magazines/journals/souvenir etc.

v
 Contents
Preface iii
About the Editors iv - v

Chapters Pg. No.

Introduction to Floriculture 1 - 14

Lokendra Kumar and Prawajal Choudhary

History of Floriculture 15 - 19

Sunil Kumar Solanki and Satyarath Sonkar

Flower Drying Techniques 20 - 31

Deepak Adsure

Value Addition in Flower Crops 32 - 44

Sunil Kumar Solanki and Satyarath Sonkar

Plant Anatomy and Physiology in Floriculture 45 - 58

Dhirendra Kumar, Satyarath Sonkar and Monika Verma

Photoperiodism in Flower Crops 59 - 66

Sunil Kumar Solanki and Satyarath Sonkar

Propagation Techniques in Floriculture 67 - 76

Kshitiz Rai

Nursery Management in Flower Crops 77 - 89

Sunil Kumar Solanki and Satyarath Sonkar

Greenhouse Production in Floriculture 90 - 106

Sunil Kumar Solanki and Satyarath Sonkar

vi
Potted Plants: Cultivation, Care and Display 107 - 117

Aniketkumar L. Bijewar and Aishwarya Rajkumar Ingole

Cut Flowers: Harvesting, Handling, and Post-Harvest 118 - 125

Treatments

Sunil Kumar Solanki and Satyarath Sonkar

Flower Arrangements: Design Principles, Techniques, and 126 - 136

Styles

Savaliya Dhruvkumar C. and Baraiya Ajay Himmatbhai

Floral Waste Management to Value-Added Products 137 - 145

Karthik D R, Mahima Sharma and Rishi Sharma

Biotechnology in Floriculture 146 - 154

Nikhil Thakur and Yogesh Kumar

Edible Flowers 155 - 163

Dr. Priyanka Solanki

SUSTAINABLE FLORICULTURE 164 - 181

Dr. Dipali Badri Chatse and Dr. Varsha Baliram Chavan

NEW TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS IN FLORICULTURE 182 – 190

Aishwarya Rajkumar Ingole and Aniketkumar L. Bijewar

PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN FLOWER CROPS 191 – 209

Chaman Kumar and Pankaj Kumar

Floriculture and Urban Green Spaces: Enhancing City 210 - 219

Landscapes

Malepati S N V S Sripriya Bhargavi and Satyarath Sonkar

vii
Future Perspectives: Challenges and Opportunities in 220 - 227
Floriculture

Dr. Priyanka Solanki

Foliage Plants: An Overview 228 - 240

K. Lily Rangnamei

viii
 ABOUT THE EDITORS
Aniketkumar L. Bijewar
Ph. D. Research Scholar, Department of Floriculture and
Landscape Architecture,
Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra (444104)

Aishwarya Rajkumar Ingole

Ph. D. Research Scholar, Department of Floriculture and
Landscape Architecture,
Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra
K. Lily Rangnamei
Working as SMS (Horticulture)
ICAR – KVK Imphal West, Manipur

Mansi Mishra
M.Sc. Scholar, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and
Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P.

Priyanka Solanki
Assistant Professor (ABM) and Incharge of Department of Social
Science,
College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar, Agriculture
University, Kota, Rajasthan (326023)