iapokf"kZd ;kstusrhy d`”kh o xzkeh.

k fodklkph fLFkrh
izk-fnid [ksMdj]
okf.kT; foHkkx]
f’kojkt dkWyst] xMfgaXyt-
rk- xMfgaXyt ft- dksYgkiwj-
fiu &416502-
eks- 9850538766
izLrkouk
Hkkjr gk [ksMÓkapk ns’k vkgs vls EgVys tkrs- dkj.k [ksMÓkaph la[;k ‘kgjh la[;sis{kk tkLr
vkgs- ns’kkpk fodkl gk xzkeh.k fodklko:up igko;kl feGrks- dkj.k d`”kh tyflapu o
xzkefodkl gs eq[; rhu ?kVd ns’kkP;k fodklkyk pkyuk ns.kkjs Bjrkr Eg.kwu Hkkjrh; d`”kh o
xzkeh.k fodklkr vuwdqy cny ?kMowu vk.kko;kpk vlsy rj ns’kkrhy nq”dkGxzLr Hkkxkr
tylkBÓkP;k lqfo/kk miyC/k d:u fnY;k ikfgtsr- R;kp cjkscj d`”kh {ks=kyk vko’;d
vl.kk&;k lks;h lqfo/kkapk iqjoBk >kyk ikfgts- ,dw.k txkrhy okijkr vlysY;k tehuhpk
vk<kok ?ksryk rj ,dVÓk Hkkjrkr 2-4 VDds brds tfeu{ks= vkgs vkf.k txkP;k ,dw.k
yksdla[;sP;k 16 VDds yksdla[;k Hkkjrkr jkgrs Eg.kwu d`”kh fodklkcjkscj xzkeh.k yksdkapkgh
fodkl >kyk ikfgts- Lokra«; izkIrhuarj Hkkjr ljdkjus ns’kkrhy nkfjnzÓ] csjkstxkjh] Hkkook<]
pyuok<] ijfd; pyukpk rqVoMk] d`”kh mRiknukrhy ?kV tyflapukpk rqVoMk vUu/kkU;kpk
rqVoMk b- leL;sps xkafHk;Z vksG[kwu ekpZ 1950 e/;s fu;kstu vk;ksxkph use.kwd dj.;kr
vkyh] R;kuarj 1 ,fizy 1951 jksth ifgyh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk lq: dj.;kr vkyh- ;k iapokf”kZd
;kstusr ,dw.k 55 fodkl xV r;kj dj.;kr vkys- R;ke/;s eq[;Ros xzkeh.k fodkl] d`”kh fodkl
vkf.k tyflapu fodklkpk lekos’k gksrk- lnj ‘kks/kfuca/kkr xzkeh.k] d`”kh vkf.k tyflapu
fodklkpk vH;kl dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs-
‘kks/kfuca/kkph mfn~n”Vs &
1- iapokf"kZd ;kstukapk vH;kl dj.ks-
2- iapokf”kZd ;kstusrhy d`”kh] tyflapu o xzkeh.k fodklkpk vk<kok ?ks.ks-
3- xzkeh.k o d`”kh fodklklkBh mik;;kstuk lqpfo.ks

1
‘kks/kfuca/kkph x`fgrds &
1- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFksP;k fodklklkBh iapokf”kZd ;kstukapk fLodkj dj.;kr vkyk-
2- iapokf"kZd ;kstuse/;s d`”kh] tyflapu o xzkeh.k fodklkdMs nqyZ{k dj.;kr vkys-
3- iapokf”kZd ;kstukaP;k ek/;ekrwu ‘kklfd; Lrjkoj d`”kh] tyflapu o xzkeh.k
fodklklaca/kh /kksj.kkaph ;ksX; vaeyctko.kh dsY;kl d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodklkr Hkj iMsy-
la’kks/ku i/nrh &
‘kks/k fuca/kkP;k vH;kl i/nrhlkBh nq¸;e lk/ku lkexzhpk okij dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs-
R;ke/;s izkeq[;kus fofo/k ‘kklfd; o fue’kklfd; izdk’kus] lanHkZxzaFk] ekflds] lkIrkfgds]
‘kks/kfuca/k o nSfud rlsp fofo/k osclkbZVpk vk/kkj ?ks.;kr vkyk vkgs-
‘kks/k fuca/kkP;k e;kZnk&
ns'kkrhy iapokf”kZd ;kstukaph O;kIrh y{kkr ?ksrk lnj ‘kks/kfuca/kkl vusd e;kZnk ;srkr ;k
‘kks/kfuca/kke/;s iapokf”kZd ;kstuk dkGkr >kysY;k [kpkZpk vH;kl dj.;kr
vkyk vlyk rjh osGsph o vkfFkZd cGkph e;kZnk iMrs-
xzkeh.k fodkl ladYiuk &
^^lkekftd] ‘kS{kf.kd] d`”kh] fotiqjoBk] jLrs] vUUk/kkU;kpk iqjoBk] nG.koG.k]
okgrqdhph lk/kus] y?kq o dqVhjm|ksx b- ?kVdkapk >kysyk fodkl Eg.kts xzkeh.k fodkl gks;- v’kh
loZlk/kkj.k ladYiuk xzkeh.k fodklkph ekaMyh tkrs-
21 O;k ‘krdkarhy fLFkrhpk fopkj dsyk rj [ksMÓkais{kk ‘kgjkaph O;kIrh ok<r pkyysyh
fnlwu ;srs- ;kps eq[; dkj.k Eg.kts nkfjnzÓ] csjkstxkjh vkf.k vk/kqfud f’k{k.k i/nrhpk vHkko
gks;- xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy yksdkapk ‘ksrh gk eq[; O;olk; vlY;kus rsFkhy yksdkauk nqljk dks.krkgh
i;kZ; ukgh- xzkeh.k yksdkaps jkstxkjkps eq[; lk/ku ‘ksrh vkgs i.k vk/kqfud ra=KkukeqGs uoufou
d`”kh midj.ks mn;kl vkY;kus ‘ksrhrhy R;kpk okij ok<r pkyyk vkgs] i;kZ;h euq”; cGkP;k
izek.kkr ?kV gksr pkyyh vkgs- yksdkaP;k gkrkyk dke ulY;kus jkstxkjkP;k ‘kks/kkr R;kapk izokg
‘kgjkdMs fu?kkysyk fnlwu ;srks- xka/khthauh ,ds dkGh vls EgVys gksrs dh [ksMÓkdMs pyk ijarq
ifjfLFkrh myV fnlwu ;srs- th- ‘kkg ;kaP;k ers & ^^xzkeh.k {ks=krhy gyD;k ntkZP;k jkg.khek.kkr

2
 cny ?kMowu vk.k.;klkBh jkco.;kr ;s.kk&;k ‘kS{kf.kd] vkjksX;fo”k;d] fot] d`”kh] ‘kkGkcka/k.kh]
‘kS{kf.kd lqfo/kkaph ok< bR;knhe/;s izxrh ?kMo.ks] tursps jkg.kheku mapko.ks] R;kauk jkstxkjkph
lk/kus miyC/k d:u ns.ks Eg.kts xzkeh.k fodkl gks;-**
^^xzkeh.k fodkl Eg.kts nkfjnzÓ] csjkstxkjhP;k izek.kkr ?kV gksÅu xzkeh.k yksdkaP;k
vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkaLd`rhd vkf.k ‘kkfjjhd fodklkr vuqdqy cny gks.ks gks;-**
‘kS{kf.kd] lkaLd`rhd] vkjksX;fo”k;d] fot] jLrs] ik.kh] nG.koG.k] d`”kh] nqjlapkj]
okgrqd] iksLV] cWadk b- izdkjP;k lqfo/kk izR;{kkr miyC/k d:u ns.;kph tckcnkjh Hkkjr ljdkj.ks
iw.kZ dsyh rj xzkeh.k fodkl gks.;kl osG ykx.kkj ukgh] vlk fopkj d:u fu;kstu vk;ksxkus
lkoZtfud [kpkZr ¼vankthr [kpZ½ VI;k&VII;kus ok< dj.;kps mfn~n”V Bjfo.;kr vkys vkf.k
1951&52 iklwu iapok”khZd ;kstusph lqjokr dj.;kr vkyh-

iapokf"kZd ;kstuk & tyflapu] d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodkl %&

iapokf”kZd ;kstusrhy ‘ksrh] xzkeh.k fodkl o flapu izdYiojhy ‘kkldh; [kpZ
v- flapu izdYi o iqj
lkoZtfud ¼’kklfd; ‘ksrh o xzkefodkl ‘ksrh {ks=krhy ,dw.k
dz iapokf"kZd fu;a=.k
{ks=krhy ladYihr [kpZ ‘kklfd; [kpZ
;kstuk
jDde % jDde dksVhr % jDde dksVhr % jDde %
dksVhr dksVhr
1 1951&56 1960 100 291 15 310 16 601 31
2 1956&61 4600 100 530 12 420 9 950 21
3 1961&66 8600 100 1080 13 665 8 1745 21
1966&69 6757 100 1167 17-2 457 7 1624 24-2
4 1969&74 15902 100 2728 17-2 1086 6-8 3814 24
5 1974&79 39300 100 4640 12 3440 9 8080 21
6 1981&85 97500 100 12540 13 12160 13 24700 26
7 1985&90 180000 100 22790 13 16980 9 39770 22
8 1992&97 434100 100 56892 13-1 32525 7-5 89417 20-6

3
9 1997&02 760000 100 111600 14-7 57735 7-6 169335 22-3
10 2002&07 1525639 100 180861 11-9 103315 6-8 284176 18-7
11 2007&11 14]88]14 100 1]96]196- 13-18 3]03]578- 13-68 3]99]775 26-86
7-55 55 84 -39
12 2012&17 33]35]05 100 41]9053-88 12-55 404799-79 12-13 8]23]853 24-68
6 -67
Source : Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=] MkW- nslkbZ ¼es- 2013½

1½ ifgyh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk 1951&56

ojhy dks”Vdko:u vls fun’kZukl ;srs dh lkoZtfud {ks=krhy ,dw.k ladYihr [kpZ
1960 dksVh brdk gksrk R;kiSdh xzkeh.k o d`”kh fodklklkBh 291 dksVh tyflapu fodklklkBh
310 dksVh : [kpZ dj.;kr vkyk- Eg.ktsp ifgY;k iapokf”kZd ;kstusrhy ,d.wk lkoZtfud
ladYihr [kpkZP;k 31 VDds jDde gh ‘ksrh o xzkeh.k fodkl vkf.k tyflapukoj [kpZ dj.;kr
vkyh-
2½ nqljh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk& ¼1956&61½
;k dkGkr tyflapu] d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodklklkBh lkoZtfud ladYihr [kpZ ok<owu
4600 dksVh :i;s dj.;kr vkyk- ;kiSdh d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodklklkBh 530 dksVh :i;s vkf.k
tyflapu fodklklkBh 420 dksVh :i;s [kpZ dj.;kps mfn~n”V Bso.;kr vkys - gk [kpZ lkoZtfud
[kpkZP;k 21 VDds brdk gksrk-
3½ frljh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk & ¼1961&66½
;k ;kstuk dkGkr ns’kkrhy cjkstxkjh] egkxkbZ fopkjkr ?ksÅu ‘kklfd; ladYihr [kpkZr
ok< dj.;kr vkyh ¼8600 dksVh :i;s½ ;kiSdh d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodklklkBh 1080 dksVh vkf.k
tyflapu o iwjfu;a=.kklkBh 665 dksVh :i;s [kpZ dj.;kps mfn~n”V Bso.;kr vkys gk [kpZ
lkoZtfud [kpkZP;k ,dw.k 21 VDds ,o<k gksrk-
4½ fruokf”kZd ;kstuk & ¼1966&69½

4
 ;k fruokf”kZd ;kstuk dkGkrhy lkoZtfud [kpkZps izek.k e;kZfnr gksrs - ijarq R;kiSdh d`”kh
o xzkeh.k fodklklkBh 1167 dksVh vkf.k tyflapuklkBh 457 dksVh :i;s [kpZ dj.;kr vkys-
,dw.k [kpkZpk 24-2 VDds ,o<k [kpZ ;k fruokf”kZd ;kstusr dsyk xsyk-
5½ pkSFkh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk ¼1969&74½
;k ;kstuspk elqnk ;kstuk vk;ksxkps mik/;{k ;kaP;k usr`Rok[kkyh vkWxLV 1966
lkyh r;kj dj.;kr vkyk gksrk- nq”dkG ¼1971½] Hkkook<] vUu/kkU;kpk rqVoMk b- dkj.kkeqGs
gh ;kstuk ykac.khoj Vkdkoh ykxyh- ;k dkGkr nq”dkG ifjfLFkrhpk vk<kok ?ksÅu lkoZtfud
[kpkZr nqiVhus ok< dj.;kr vkyh- ;kiSdh d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodklklkBh 2728 dksVh :- vkf.k
tyflapuklkBh 1086 dksVh : [kpZ dj.;kr vkyk gs izek.k lkoZtfud [kpkZP;k 24 VDds brds
gksrs-
6½ ikpoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk & ¼1974&79½
ifgY;k iapokf”kZd ;kstusP;k varh csjkstxkjkaph la[;k 5-3 n’ky{k gksrh- nql&;k ;kstusr
gk vkdMk ok<wu 8 n’ky{k >kyk vkf.k frl&;k ;kstusi;Zar 10 n’ky{k >kyk- vkf.k ljdkjps
fdeku osru /kksj.k Qksy Bjys- ;kr cny ?kMowu vk.k.;klkBh ;k ;kstusrhy [kpkZps izek.k
39300 dksVh :i;kauh ok<o.;kr vkys- ;kr d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodklklkBh 12 VDds rj tyflapu
o iqjfu;a=.kklkBh 9 Vdds [kpZ dj.;kr vkyk- gs izek.k ojhy dks”Vdko:u fnlwu ;sbZy-
7½ lgkoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk & ¼1981&85½
1977 e/;s ljdkj cnyys vkf.k turk i{kkps ljdkj lRrsoj vkys - R;kauh ikpoh
iapokf”kZd ;kstuk 1978 e/;s laiq”Vkr vk.kyh R;k,soth lgkoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk ¼1978&83½
Lohdkjyh- i.k turk ljdkj yodjp lRrso:u ik;mRrkj >kys- R;kuarj iqu% dkWaxzsl ph lRrk
vkyh vkf.k R;kauh ¼1980&85½ v’kh lgkoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk fLodkjyh- ;k ;kstusr cnyR;k
ifjfLFkrhpk fopkj d:u lkoZtfud [kpkZps izek.k ok<o.;kr vkys gs ojhy dks”Vdko:u letsy -
8½ lkroh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk & ¼1985&90½
;k ;kstusph lqjokr vR;ar vuqdwy ifjfLFkrhr >kyh gksrh- dkj.k lgkO;k iapokf”kZd
;kstuse/khy nq”dkG] vUu/kkU;kP;k mRiknukr ?kV ¼17 VDds ?kV½ ldy ?kjsyw mRiknu ¼GDP

5
5 VDds½ ?kV] Hkkook< ifjLFkrh] ÅtkZ] okgrwd {ks=krhy vusd vMp.kheqGs 1979&80 gk ,d
okf”kZd ;kstuspk dkG Qkj izfrdqy vlk gksrk- Eg.kwu lkrO;k iapokf”kZd ;kstuk dkGkr
lkoZtfud ladYihr [kpZ 1]80]000 dksVh :i;kaiZr Bso.;kr vkyk- ;kr d`”kh o xzkeh.k
fodklklkBh vkf.k tyflapu o iwjfu;a=.kklkBh ,dw.k [kpkZP;k 22 VDds izek.k Bso.;kr vkys
gksrs- gs izek.k lgkO;k iapokf”kZd ;kstusrhy [kpkZis{kk deh gksrs-
9½ vkBoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk ¼1992&97½
1990 uarj ns’kkr vkfFkZd eanh] Hkkook<] ijfd; pyukpk rqVoMk ;kckcr vR;ar
fparktud ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh gksrh- e/;orhZ ljdkjP;k dkgh pqdhP;k /kksj.kkeqGs ns’kkph
vkfFkZd fLFkrh fc?kMwu ns’kkph vFkZO;oLFkk Mc?kkbZyk vkyh gksrh- ijfd; dtkZpk ok<rk Hkkj]
nkfjnzÓ o csjkstxkjhps ok<rs izek.k] jkstxkj fufeZrhrhy vi;’k ok<rh fofRr; rqV] vkS|ksfxd eanh
b- fcdV vkOgkus fLodkj.;kP;k mn~ns’kkus vkBO;k ;kstusph vk[k.kh dj.;kr vkyh- ;k dkGkr
lkoZtfud ladYihr [kpZ ok<fo.;kr vkyk R;kiSdh d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodkl 13-1 VDds vkf.k
tyflapu fodkl 7-5 VDds vls izek.k Bjfo.;kr vkys gs ojhy dks”Vdko:u fnlwu ;srs-
10½ uuoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk ¼1997&2002½
;k iapokf”kZd ;kstuspk vkjk[kMk ekxhy vkB iapokf”kZd ;kstusP;k vk/kkjko:u fuf’pr
dj.;kr vkyk- ;k ;kstusr d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodklkyk vkxzLFkku ns.;kr vkys gksrs- ‘ksrh {ks=krhy
mRiknu {kerk ok<ous] jkstxkjkP;k vf/kdkvf/kd la/kh miyC/k d:u ns.ks rlsp nkfjnz; o
csjkstxkjh deh dj.;klkBh ;k ;kstusrhy ,dw.k [kpkZP;k ¼7]60]000 dksVh½ 14-7 VDds [kpZ
dj.;kr vkY;kps fp= ojhy rDR;ko:u fnlwu ;srs-
11½ ngkoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk ¼2002&07½
;k ;kstusph vk[k.kh [kktxh {ks= cGdV dj.;kP;k mn~ns’kkus dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- Eg.kwu
;k ;kstuk dkGkr ‘kklfd; ladYihr [kpkZr eksBh ok< dj.;kr vkY;kps fp= ojhy dks”Vdkr
igko;kl feGrs- vkS|ksfxd {ks=kpk fodkl ;k mfn~n”Vkcjkscj xzkeh.k o d`”kh fodkl egRokpk
ekuwu ,dw.k lkoZtfud [kpkZP;k 11-9 VDds dj.;kr vkyk gksrk-
12½ vdjkoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk ¼2007&2012½

6
 fu;kstu vk;ksxkus ;k ;kstuspk vkjk[kMk tkusokjh 2006 e/;s r;kj dsyk- vkf.k osxoku
vkf.k vf/kd loZlekos’kd o`/nhP;k fn’ksus ¼forwords fast and more incisive growth½
vls f’k”kZd ns.;kr vkys- d`”kh fodkl vkf.k xzkeh.k o tyflapu fodklklkBh ,dw.k lkoZtfud
[kpkZP;k 26-86 VDds [kpZ dj.;kr vkysyk gksrk- ;k iapokf”kZd ;kstusrhy d`”kh {ks=kpk
fodklnj 3 VDds gksrk rks ngkO;k ;kstusP;k d`”kh fodklkis{kk 1 VDds uh tkLr gksrk-
13½ ckjkoh iapokf”kZd ;kstuk ¼2012&2017½
;k ;kstusph vk[k.kh djrkuk ns’kkrhy nkfjnzÓ] pyuok<] ijdh; dtkZpk ok<rk Hkkj
vk/kqfud f’k{k.k i/nrhpk vHkko] d`”kh {ks=krhy vk/kqfudrspk vHkko] nq”dkG b- leL;k fopkjkr
?ksÅu dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs- ;k iapokf”kZd ;kstusr d`”kh fodklnj 4 Vdds visf{kr vkgs -
‘ksrhlkBh o fi.;kP;k ik.;kpk iz’u lksMo.;klkBh ljdkjus ;k ;kstusr 4]04]779-79 dksVh
:i;s [kpZ dj.;kpk ladYi r;kj dsysyk vkgs- xzkeh.k fodkl o d`”kh {ks=krhy mRiknu ok<hlkBh
4]19]053-88 dksVh :i;s [kpZ dj.;kps mfn~n”V Bjfo.;kr vkys vkgs-

fu"d”kZ
ns’kkrhy vusd leL;kpk ifj.kke jk”Vªh; fodklkoj gksrks gk fopkj leksj Bsowu
Lokra«;kuarj Eg.ktsp 1951&52 iklwu v’kk loZ leL;koj ekr dj.;klkBh ljdkjus
iapokf”kZd ;kstuk /kksj.k vkeykr vk.kys- ijarq ifgY;k iapokf”kZd ;kstusiklwu vkdjkO;k
iapokf”kZd ;kstusi;ZarP;k dkyko/khr ljdkjus ,dgh mfn~n”V lk/; dsysys fnlwu ;sr ukgh- ;kps
dkj.k Eg.kts R;k & R;k ;kstuk dkGkrhy mn~Hkoysyh egkxkbZ ijfd; pyukpk rqVoMk] nkfjnzÓkps
ok<rs izek.k] nq”dkG b- e/;s >kysyh ok< gks;- osGksosGh fuekZ.k gks.kk&;k leL;k fuokj.;klkBh
ljdkjus eksBÓk izek.kr lkoZtfud [kpkZr ok< dsysyh vkgs- i.k ;k iS’kkpk ;ksX; R;k {ks=k ;ksX;
R;k i/nrhus mi;ksx dsyk ukgh- myV Hkz”Vkpkjkyk [krik.kh feGkys vkf.k iS’kkpk nq:i;ksx gks.;kps
izek.k ok<ys d`”kh o xzkeh.k fodkl vkf.k tyflapu fodklkps mfn~n”V Qksy Bjys - vi;’kkyk
ea«;klkscr iz’kkldh; deZpkjh lq/nk tckcnkj vkgsr- ^^tkÅ frFks [kkÅ** v’kh o`Rrh ftFks&frFks
c?kko;kl feGrs- ;koj fucZa/k ?kky.;klkBh dBksj mik;;kstuk dsY;k ikfgtsr-

7
mik;;kstuk&
1- d`”kh fodklklkBhpk [kpZ ok<o.;kr ;kok-
2- xzkeh.k fodklklkBh Lora= [kpkZph rjrqn djkoh-
3- tyflapukP;k lks;h izR;{kkr miyC/k d:u ns.;kr ;kO;kr-
4- Hkz”Vkpkjkl dBksj izfrca/khr dk;nk dj.;kr ;kok-
5- iz'kkldh; deZpk&;kaph Hkwfedk dBksj jgkoh ;klkBh fu;e o vVhaps ca/ku ?kky.;kr ;kos -
6- fodklkpk vkjk[kMk dkxnkoj u ekaMrk rks izR;{kkr d`rh}kjs ekaM.;kr ;kok-

lanHkZ &

1- dS- MkW- l-Jh-eq- nslkbZ Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] es 2013] ngkoh] vko`Rrh] iq.ks-

2- ;kstuk& vkWxLV 2014

3- O;kolkf;d i;kZoj.k] Hkkslys vkf.k dkVs] ch-dkWe &3] QMds izdk’ku-

4- www.Indianeconomy.com

5- www.RBI.com

6- www.govt.in