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What is Science

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12 views

What is Science

Uploaded by

haniasaqlain6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 18

INTRODUCTION TO BASIC SCIENCE

Dr. TASAWAR KHANAM


University of Chakwal

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WHAT IS SCIENCE?

▪ Science is a body of knowledge; a collection of unified insights about


nature, the evidence for which is an array of facts.

▪ A way of learning about the natural world and the knowledge gained
through that process.

▪ Science comes from a Latin word that means “knowing”.

▪ Scientific inquiry is the diverse ways in which scientists explore


problems and seek to answer questions about the natural world.

▪ Science is the systematic study of the natural world through


observation and experimentation. The goal of science is to
understand and explain natural phenomena in order to make
predictions. The scientific method involves making observations,
developing hypotheses, and conducting experiments to test
hypotheses. Scientists collect quantitative and qualitative data to
build knowledge and discover natural laws that describe consistent
relationships under specific conditions.
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Branches of Science

▪ Three Branches of Science


▪ Modern Science is mainly constituted of three main branches, i.e.
Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Formal Sciences as these three
areas peruse the nature of our world and the universe most broadly.
Thus, the three main branches of Science are:

▪ Three Branches of Science


▪ Natural Sciences
▪ Social Sciences
▪ Formal Sciences

▪ List of Branches of Science and Their Sub-Fields


▪ Physical Sciences
▪ Life Sciences
▪ Earth Sciences

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Natural Sciences

• Natural Sciences are the core of the branches of science as study


the nature of our physical world and the universe. The three
branches of Natural Sciences are:

• Physics, the Study of the Universe


• Chemistry, The Study of Matter
• Biology, The Study of Life and Living Organisms.
• Apart from the natural sciences (elaborated more in the next
section), Modern Science also comprises Social Sciences and
Formal Sciences.

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Branches of Natural Science
Modern scientific study is carefully divided into three major disciplines, namely Physical
Sciences, Life Sciences, and Earth sciences which are also the key elements of the all-
encompassing realm of Natural Sciences.

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Social Sciences

Social Sciences study human societies from across the globe as well as the relationship of
human beings with their social environment.

The major branches of Social Science are:

Psychology Sociology Anthropology Economics


Archaeology History Geography Law
Politics
Formal Sciences
Formal Sciences is quite a unique area of study in Science as it
uses formal systems to produce knowledge and explore the nature
of different disciplines ranging from Mathematics, and Logic to
Computer Science and Information Technology. The most important
branches of Formal Sciences are:

▪ Mathematics
▪ Logic
▪ Computer Science
▪ Data Science
▪ Statistics
▪ Systems Science
▪ Artificial Intelligence
▪ Information Technology, etc.
Life/ Physical and Earth Sciences

Earth Science: The study of the earth, air and water or more specifically, the geologic,
hydrologic or atmospheric sciences are all included under Earth Sciences. Concerned with
those branches of Science list that examine the birth and evolution of the Earth, this area
of study focuses on the development of the physical environment.

▪ Geology
▪ Geography
▪ Astronomy
▪ Climatology
▪ Meteorology etc
Importance of Science

Agriculture
Health/Medicine
Trade/ Industry
Education
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