Robotics and Automation

A Case study report

Subject: Elementary data structures using C++

Submitted by
SAKSHI CHIB (23BCS11642)
Section/Group:510/A

Submitted to
Ms. Priyanka Sachdeva(E12005)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Of

Bachelors of Engineering
IN
Computer Science

Chandigarh University
February - May2024

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 Table of Contents
Cover Page……………………………………………………………………………………..1

Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………...2

Introduction ……………………………….…………………………………………………..3

Recent Advancements and Breakthroughs ……………………………………………..4

Advantages of robots and automation …………………………………………………...6

Challenges and Consideration……………………………………….………………....….6

Future Outlook and

Conclusion…………………………………………………………….7

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References……………………………………………………………….…………………….9

Introduction:
Technology, the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of
human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the
human environment.
Emerging technologies encompass a fascinating realm where innovation and
potential collide. These technologies, whether freshly introduced or recently
harnessed, hold the promise of reshaping our world. Let’s delve into this
captivating domain

Some emerging technology trends that are shaping various industries are:

1. Artificial intelligence
2. Robotics
3. Cyber Security
4. Cloud Computing
5. Internet of Things
6. Machine Learning
7. Quantum computing
8. 5G
9. Block Chain
10.Metaverse

In this case study we are going to discuss about an exciting frontier that is shaping our
future – The field of Robotics. As we stand on the brink of technological revolutions, it is
the advancements in robotics that often capture our imagination and push the
boundaries of what’s possible.

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 Robotics And Automation
 Robotics is the intersection of science, engineering and technology that
produces machines, called robots, that replicate or substitute for human
actions. Robots perform basic and repetitive tasks with greater efficiency
and accuracy than humans, making them ideal for industries like
manufacturing. However, the introduction of artificial intelligence in robotics
has given robots the ability to handle increasingly complex situations in
various industries
 Robotics and automation have become integral parts of various industries,
from manufacturing to healthcare. One of the popular programming
languages used in this field is C++, thanks to its powerful object-oriented
programming (OOP) capabilities

Recent Advancements and Breakthroughs:

In recent years, robotics and automation have seen significant advancements and
breakthroughs across various fields. Here are some notable developments:
 MILITARY ROBOTS: Military robots are autonomous robots or remote-
controlled mobile robots designed for military applications, from transport to
search & rescue and attack.
 These robots are ideal in use for military emergency response where
a situation is way dangerous for a human to go.
 Military uses bomb disposal robots and drones among other
whereas emergency research team uses aerial, underground,
ground rescue robots.
 Robots can replace soldiers in dangerous missions such as crawling
through caves or in the streets during wars, they can reduce the
casualties.

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  AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS: An agricultural robot is a robot deployed for
agricultural purposes. The main area of application of robots in agriculture
today is at the harvesting stage.
 Emerging applications of robots or drones in agriculture include
weed control, cloud seeding, planting seeds, harvesting,
environmental monitoring and soil analysis.
 These robots handle repetitive and labour-intensive tasks, allowing
the farmers to save there energy and time more efficiently.
 Robots in agricultural sector can also be used to supervise on the
green house by monitoring the crops and keeping an eye on them.

 MEDICAL ROBOTS: Robots are also used in the field of medical science
and the most common type of robot you will see is the surgical robots that
are used to perform very delicate medical procedure.
 The first known medical robot utilized by the medical industry was
in 1985, when the robot PUMA 560 placed a needle for a brain
biopsy using CT guidance

 HUMANOID ROBOTS: Current advancement in humanoid robotics are

pushing the boundaries of what these machines can do, making them more
versatile and interactive and human-like.
 Humanoid robots are designed to resemble and mimic human body
structure and behaviour.
 They uses the combination of Artificial intelligence and machine
learning to allow the robots to interact with the human in more
natural and intuitive ways .They can recognize faces, interpret the
speech and respond to verbal commands.
 Eg. are SOPHIA and AMECA

 SOFT ROBOTS: Traditional rigid robots are being complemented by soft

robotics, which use flexible materials and structures inspired by biological
organisms. Soft robots are well-suited for tasks that require interaction with
delicate objects or unpredictable environments, such as medical
applications (e.g., surgical robots) and search and rescue missions.

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 ADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS AND AUTOMATION
1. Cost and Time Efficiency:
 Robots save both time and money. Unlike human workers, they don’t
require extensive training or benefits.
 Their continuous operation ensures efficiency and helps meet
deadlines.

2. Productivity and Accuracy:

 Robots excel at repetitive tasks. They work tirelessly without fatigue.
 Their inbuilt accuracy reduces errors, leading to high-quality
products.

3. Surgery and Research:

 In the medical field, robots assist in surgeries, ensuring precision
and faster patient recovery.
 Robots can explore extreme environments (ocean depths, deserts,
mountains) where humans cannot.

4. Reliability and Continuity:

 Robots lack emotions, making them reliable and consistent.
 They work 24/7 without breaks, unlike humans who get tired or fall ill.

5. Warfare and Safety:

 In warfare, robots reduce human casualties by performing
dangerous tasks.
 They handle hazardous materials and defuse bombs, minimizing
risks to human lives

CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATION

While robotics and automation offer numerous benefits, they also present several
challenges that need to be addressed:

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  Job Displacement: One of the most significant challenges is the potential
displacement of human workers by automation. As robots and AI systems
become more capable, there's a concern that they will replace human
workers in various industries, leading to unemployment and economic
disruption. Addressing this challenge requires strategies for reskilling and
upskilling workers to adapt to the changing labor market.

 Ethical Considerations: Robotics and AI raise complex ethical issues,

including concerns about privacy, safety, and autonomy. For example,
autonomous vehicles raise questions about liability in the event of
accidents, while AI algorithms used in hiring and decision-making
processes can perpetuate biases and discrimination. Ethical frameworks
and regulations are needed to ensure that robotics and automation
technologies are deployed responsibly and ethically.

 Security Risks: With greater connectivity and reliance on digital

technologies, robotics and automation systems are vulnerable to
cybersecurity threats. Malicious actors could potentially hack into robots,
autonomous vehicles, or industrial control systems, causing physical harm
or disrupting operations. Robust cybersecurity measures, including
encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection, are essential to mitigate
these risks.

 Technical Complexity: Designing and implementing robotics and

automation systems can be technically challenging and complex.
Integrating diverse technologies, such as sensors, actuators, and AI
algorithms, requires interdisciplinary expertise in robotics, computer
science, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering. Additionally,
ensuring interoperability and compatibility between different systems and
components can be a significant challenge.

Future Outlook:
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  Integration with AI and Machine Learning: Robotics will become more intelligent
and autonomous, thanks to advancements in artificial intelligence and machine
learning. This will enable robots to learn from experience, adapt to dynamic
environments, and perform complex tasks with greater efficiency and accuracy.

 Expansion into New Domains: Robotics and automation will continue to expand
into new domains and industries, including healthcare, agriculture, construction,
and retail. From surgical robots assisting in delicate procedures to autonomous
drones monitoring crops, the potential applications are vast and diverse.

 Human-Robot Collaboration: Collaborative robots, or cobots, will become

increasingly common in workplaces, working alongside humans to enhance
productivity, safety, and efficiency. This trend will blur the lines between human
and machine labour, requiring new models of collaboration and cooperation in the
workforce.

 Personal Robotics: Personal robots will become more prevalent in households,

assisting with household chores, providing companionship, and even serving as
caregivers for the elderly or individuals with disabilities. These robots will become
integrated into our daily lives, offering convenience and support.

 Ethical and Regulatory Challenges: As robotics and automation technologies

become more pervasive, there will be a growing need to address ethical and
regulatory challenges. Issues such as job displacement, privacy concerns, and
algorithmic bias will require careful consideration and proactive measures to
ensure responsible deployment and use of these technologies.

 Global Impact: Robotics and automation will have a profound impact on the
global economy, reshaping industries, creating new job opportunities, and driving
economic growth. However, there will also be disparities in access to these
technologies, with implications for social inequality and economic development.

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Conclusion:

In conclusion, the road ahead for robotics and automation is paved with innovation. As
we embrace these emerging technologies, let’s remember that robots are not our
adversaries; they’re our partners in progress, amplifying our capabilities and shaping a
brighter future.

REFERENCE

 Brzeziński, Ł. (2022). Robotic process automation in logistics – a case study of a

production company. European Research Studies, XXV(Issue 2B), 307–315

 Kurfess, T. R. (2018). Robotics and Automation Handbook. In CRC Press eBooks.

https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315220352

 Fiorini, S. R., Carbonera, J. L., Gonçalves, P. J. S., Jorge, V. a. M., Rey, V. F.,
Haidegger, T., Abel, M., Redfield, S., Balakirsky, S., Ragavan, V., Li, H., Schlenoff, C.,
& Prestes, E. (2015). Extensions to the core ontology for robotics and automation.
Robotics and Computer-integrated Manufacturing, 33, 3–11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2014.08.004

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