Louis_Néel
Louis_Néel
Louis_Néel
Biography
Néel studied at the Lycée du Parc in Lyon and was
accepted at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He
obtained the degree of Doctor of Science at the
University of Strasbourg. He was corecipient (with the
Swedish astrophysicist Hannes Alfvén) of the Nobel
Prize for Physics in 1970 for his pioneering studies of
the magnetic properties of solids.[6] His contributions
to solid state physics have found numerous useful Néel in 1970
applications, particularly in the development of Born Louis Eugène Félix Néel
improved computer memory units. About 1930 he 22 November 1904
suggested that a new form of magnetic behavior might Lyon, France
exist; called antiferromagnetism, as opposed to Died 17 November 2000 (aged 95)
ferromagnetism.[7] Above a certain temperature (the Brive-la-Gaillarde
Néel temperature) this behaviour stops. Néel pointed
Alma mater École Normale Supérieure,
out (1948)[8] that materials could also exist showing
University of Paris[4]
ferrimagnetism. Néel has also given an explanation of
University of Strasbourg
the weak magnetism of certain rocks, making possible
the study of the history of Earth's magnetic Known for Prediction of antiferromagnetism
field.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Prediction of ferrimagnetism
Theory of superparamagnetism
He is the instigator of the Polygone Scientifique in
Theory of rock magnetism
Grenoble.
Synthesis of tetrataenite
The Louis Néel Medal, awarded annually by the Néel effect
European Geophysical Society, is named in Néel's Néel relaxation theory
honour.
Néel temperature
Néel TRM model
Néel wall
Awards Nobel Prize in Physics (1970)
ForMemRS (1966)[1]
Néel died at Brive-la-Gaillarde on 17 November 2000 Legion of Honour (1966)[2]
at the age 95, just 5 days short of his 96th birthday. CNRS Gold Medal (1965)
Three Physicists Prize (1963)
Holweck Prize (1952)
Awards and honours
Prix Félix-Robin (1938)
Néel received numerous awards and honours for his Scientific career
work including: Fields Solid-state physics
Institutions CNRS, Grenoble
Awards Doctoral Pierre Weiss
Hughes Prize of the Académie des sciences advisor
(1935) Notable Jacques Villain
Félix Robin Prize of the Société française de students Louis Lliboutry[3]
physique (1938)
André Blondel Medal (1948)
Grand prix du conseil de l’association « Au service de la pensée française » (1949)
Holweck Prize (1952)[18]
Elected Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (1959)[19]
Three Physicists Prize (1963)
Gold Medal of CNRS (1965)
Elected Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1966[1]
Nobel Prize in Physics (1970)
Great Gold Medal of l’Électronique (1971)
Great Gold Medal of the Société d’encouragement pour la recherche et l’invention (1973)
Founding member of the World Cultural Council (1981).[20]
Distinctions
Owing to his involvement in national defense, particularly through research in the protection of warships
by demagnetization against magnetic mines, he received numerous distinctions:
Legion of Honour:
Knight (for exceptional military services) (1940)
Officer (1951)
Commander (1958)
Grand Officer (1966)
Grand Cross (1974)
Croix de Guerre with Palm (1940)
Commander of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques (1957)
Knight of the Order of Social Merit (1963)
Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (1972)
Honorary Admiral (French Navy)
See also
Rayleigh law
Single domain (magnetic)
References
1. Friedel, J.; Averbuch, P. (1 December 2003). "Louis Eugène Félix Néel. 22 November 1904
– 17 November 2000" (https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2003.0021). Biographical Memoirs
of Fellows of the Royal Society. 49: 367–384. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2003.0021 (https://doi.org/1
0.1098%2Frsbm.2003.0021). S2CID 74311735 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7
4311735).
2. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970" (https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureat
es/1970/neel-bio.html). The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
3. "Louis Néel" (https://www.idref.fr/030465303).
4. At the time, the ENS was part of the University of Paris according to the decree of 10
November 1903.
5. "Louis-Eugène-Félix Néel | French physicist | Britannica" (https://www.britannica.com/biogra
phy/Louis-Eugene-Felix-Neel).
6. Néel, L. (3 December 1971). "Magnetism and Local Molecular Field" (https://hal.archives-ou
vertes.fr/hal-02888378/file/N%C3%A9el%20-%201971%20-%20Magnetism%20and%20Loc
al%20Molecular%20Field.pdf) (PDF). Science. 174 (4013): 985–992.
Bibcode:1971Sci...174..985N (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971Sci...174..985N).
doi:10.1126/science.174.4013.985 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.174.4013.985).
PMID 17757022 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17757022). S2CID 27784885 (https://api.
semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27784885).
7. Aharoni, Amikam (2000). Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism. Oxford: Oxford
University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-850809-0.
8. Néel, Louis (1948). "Magnetic Properties of Ferrites: Ferrimagnetism and
Antiferromagnetism". Ann. Phys. (Paris). 3: 137–198.
9. Néel, Louis (1 April 1955). "Some theoretical aspects of rock-magnetism" (https://hal.archive
s-ouvertes.fr/hal-02888358/file/N%C3%A9el%20-%201955%20-%20Some%20theoretical%
20aspects%20of%20rock-magnetism.pdf) (PDF). Advances in Physics. 4 (14): 191–243.
Bibcode:1955AdPhy...4..191N (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955AdPhy...4..191N).
doi:10.1080/00018735500101204 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00018735500101204).
10. Barbara, B.; Lacroix, Claudine (2000). "Retrospective in Science: Louis Neel (1904–2000)".
Science. 291 (5506): 1000. doi:10.1126/science.1059052 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscienc
e.1059052). PMID 11232560 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11232560).
S2CID 161752562 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161752562).
11. Coey, Michael (2001). "Obituary: Louis Néel (1904–2000)" (https://doi.org/10.1038%2F3505
3274). Nature. 409 (6818): 302. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..302C (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.ed
u/abs/2001Natur.409..302C). doi:10.1038/35053274 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35053274).
S2CID 36961096 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36961096).
12. Coey, J. M. D. (2003). "Louis Néel: Retrospective (invited)" (https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.15
57815). Journal of Applied Physics. 93 (10): 8224–8229. Bibcode:2003JAP....93.8224C (http
s://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JAP....93.8224C). doi:10.1063/1.1557815 (https://doi.or
g/10.1063%2F1.1557815).
13. Dunlop, David J. (2003). "Partial thermoremanent magnetization: Louis Néel's legacy in rock
magnetism (invited)". Journal of Applied Physics. 93 (10): 8236–8240.
Bibcode:2003JAP....93.8236D (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JAP....93.8236D).
doi:10.1063/1.1558640 (https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1558640).
14. "Louis Néel – Biography" (https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1970/n
eel-bio.html). Nobel Lectures, Physics 1963–1970. Elsevier Publishing Company.
15. Néel, Louis (1991). Un siècle de physique. Paris: Jacob. ISBN 978-2-7381-0140-2.
16. "Louis Néel, un siècle de science à Grenoble" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011060406211
0/http://www.louisneel-centenaire.inpg.fr/). 2004. Archived from the original (http://www.louis
neel-centenaire.inpg.fr/) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
17. Kurti, Nicholas, ed. (1988). Selected works of Louis Néel. New York: Gordon and Breach.
ISBN 978-2-88124-300-4.
18. "Holweck medal recipients" (http://www.iop.org/about/awards/bilateral/holweck/medallists/pa
ge_38481.html). Institute of Physics. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
19. "Louis Eugène Felix Néel (1904 - 2000)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200705132614/http
s://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00002047). Royal
Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original (https://www.dwc.kna
w.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00002047) on 5 July 2020.
20. "About Us" (http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/about-us/). World Cultural Council.
Retrieved 8 November 2016.
External links
Louis Néel (https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/92) on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel
Lecture, 11 December 1970 Magnetism and the Local Molecular Field
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