Question Bank on History chapter 1

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe :

Topics:
*The french revolution and idea of nation
*Age of revolutions 1830 revolution and 1848 Revolution.
*Romanticism
*unification of Germany and Italy
*Strange case of Britain
*Female allegories of Germany and France
*Role of women
*Nationalism and imperialism

Learning Objectives :
At the end of the lesson,students will be able to understand :
*the meaning of Nationalism
*How and why people of Europe strived for nationalism?
* The french revolution and rise of nationalism.
*Describe events that affected European nationalism.

Fill in the blanks :

1)______ a French artist, prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world made
up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, (Fredrick Sourrieu)

2)The first print (Fig. 1) of the series, shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and
women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the
_______as they pass by it. (Statue of Liberty)

3)Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure bearing
_______ in one hand and the _______on the other. (Torch of enlightenment and Charter of
rights of men)

4). On the earth in the foreground of the image lie the shattered remains of the symbols
of_________. (Absolutist institutions)

5)In Sorrieu Utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified
through their ____&____. (flags and national costume)

6) Leading the procession, way past the statue of Liberty, are

______________________________
(United States
and Switzerland)
7) _____was one in which the majority of its citizens, and not only its rulers, came to develop a
sense of common identity and shared history or descent.(nation-state)

8)_______is a direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a
proposal.(Plebiscite)

9)__________ means a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power
exercised. (Absolutist)

10) __________means vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually

exist.(Utopian)

11) Flag bearing the black, red and gold colour represents ________country.(Germany)

12) The end result of social and political changes in Europe was the emergence of the
________. (nation state)

13) Ernst Renan was a_____.(French Philosopher)

14)The first clear expression of nationalism came with the____ Revolution in 1789. (French
Revolution)

15).The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led
to the transfer of sovereignty from the _____ to a body of French citizens. (Monarchy)

17)The ______proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the
nation and shape its destiny.(revolution)

18) la patrie means ____(Fatherland)

19) le citoyen means _____(Citizen)

20) The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the
________(National Assembly.)

21)Regional dialects were discouraged in France and ______ ,as it was spoken and written in
Paris, became the common language of the nation.(French)

22)____ nation had taken the responsibility to liberate the peoples of Europe from
despotism.(French)
23)Students and other members of educated middle classes in France began setting up
_____.(Jacobin clubs.)

24)The cover of a German almanac designed by the journalist ______in 1798.

(Andreas Rebmann)

25)The Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the ____,.(Napoleonic code)

26)In the _____,___&_____ Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal
system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
(Switzerland, Italy and Germany,)

27)_____that ruled over Austria-Hungary, was a patchwork of many different regions and
peoples. (Hapsburg)

28)In Hungary, half of the population spoke ____while the other half spoke a variety of
dialects.(Magyar)

29) ____region includes the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland .(Alpine)

30) It was among the educated, liberal middle classes that ideas of national unity following
the abolition of _______gained popularity.

31). The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning ____.

32)For the new middle classes liberalism stood for ______and equality of all before the law.

33)Politically, liberalism emphasised the concept of____.

34)Since the French Revolution, liberalism has stood for the end of autocracy and clerical
privileges, _____ and representative government through parliament.

35)Nineteenth-century liberals also stressed the inviolability of ____

36)______ reduced women to the status of a minor, subject to the authority of fathers and
husbands.

37)Napoleon was defeated in ___.

38)________ believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the
monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family –should be preserved.

39)____became the member of Carbonari.

40)_____founded Young italy and young Europe
41) _______described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order.
42)In July 1830, ______were overthrown by liberal revolutionaries.
43)liberal revolutionaries installed a constitutional monarchy with______
44)The July Revolution sparked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away
from the ______
45)In the year ____Greeks struggled for independence.
46)Greece became independent by the treaty of _____.
47)________, a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist
sentiment.
48)______ also played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments.
49)In the year____, food shortages and widespread unemployment brought the population of
Paris out on the roads.
50)In 1848 ,men and women of the liberal middle class demanded creation of a nation-state on
parliamentary principles – a constitution, ________and freedom of association.
51)A large number of political associations came together in _______to vote for an all-German
National Assembly.
52)On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives marched to take their places in the Frankfurt
parliament convened in the _______.
53)______ formed their own political associations, founded newspapers and took part in political
meetings.
54)Greece had been a part of ______since the 15th century.
55)Poets and artists lauded ____as the cradle of European civilization.
56)The English poet____organised funds and later went to fight in the war.
57) Johann Gottfried Herder was a ____philosopher.
58)Gottfried Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the ____
59) Das volk means ______
60)Nationalistic feelings were kept alive in Poland through ___&____.
61)____&____were the folk dances of Poland.
62)______developed interest in collections of old folktales.
63)Nationalism in Europe moved away after the year _____.
64)____ and ______came to be unified as nation-states.
65)______country took over the leadership of the movement for national unification of Germany.
66)The architect of national unification of Germany was its chief minister,________.
67)In January ______, the Prussian King, ________, was proclaimed German Emperor.
68)The_____,______,______and______ in Germany were modernised.
69)_________was divided into seven states, in the middle of the nineteenth century.
70)Among all the seven states,______was ruled by an Italian princely house.
71)In 1830’s _________formed secret societies called _______&_____.
72) In ______, Sardinia-Piedmont defeated Austrian forces.
73)In 1861 _________was proclaimed king of united Italy.
74)The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the
_________.
75)In 1801, ______ was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom.
76)The symbols of the new Britain – the _____,______and _______were actively promoted.
77)In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries artists represented a country as a ______ and
nations as ______ figures.
78)During the French Revolution, female figures portrayed ideas such as ______, ______ and
the Republic.
79)Liberty is represented as a ______ or the broken chain.
80)Justice is represented by a ________woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.
81)_______ has no longer retained after the last quarter of the nineteenth century.
82)After 1871, the most tensioned area was the______, a region comprising modern-day
Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia,
Serbia and Montenegro.
83)The _______ Empire made the Balkans region explosive and all through the nineteenth
century.
84)In 1914, _______was disastered because of Nationalism, aligned with imperialism.
85)________ movements were developed in Europe to form independent nation-states.
86)The Civil Code of 1804 in France is usually known as_______.
87)_____ hosted the ‘Treaty of Vienna’.
88)Absolutist’ means______.
89)‘Das Volk’ stands for______.
90)Junkers means_______.
91)First world war period____

Choose the correct option :

1)Choose the correct nationality of the artist Frederic Sorrieu who visualised in his painting a
society made up of Democratic and Social Republic.
(a) German
(b) Swiss
(c) French
(d) American

2). ‘Nationalism’, which emerged as a force in the late 19th century, means
(a) strong devotion for one’s own country and its history and culture.
(b) strong devotion for one’s own country without appreciation for other nations.
(c) strong love for one’s own country and hatred for others.
(d) equally strong devotion for all the countries of the world.

3. Match the term with the statements given below:

A ‘Utopian Society’ is
(i) a society under a benevolent monarchy
(ii) a society that is unlikely to ever exist
(iii) a society under the control of a chosen few wise men
(iv) a society under Parliamentary Democracy
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) only
(d) (iii) only

4. Pick out the correct definition to define the term ‘Plebiscite’.

(a) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which only the female members of a region are asked to accept
or reject a proposal.
(b) Plebiscite is a direct vote by the female members of a matriarchal system to accept or reject
a proposal.
(c) Plebiscite is a direct vote by only a chosen few from the total population of a parti-cular
region to accept or reject a proposal.
(d) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which all the citizens of a region are asked to accept or reject a
proposal.

5)Ernst Renan believed that the existence of nations is a necessity because

(a) it ensures protection to all inhabitants.
(b) it ensures liberty to all inhabitant citizens.
(c) it ensures Parliamentary form of govern-ment to its inhabitants.
(d) it ensures jobs and good health to all its inhabitants.

.6. Which of the following countries did not attend the Congress of Vienna?
(a) Britain
(b) Russia
(c) Prussia
(d) Switzerland

7. The first great revolution which gave the clear idea of nationalism with its core words: ‘Liberty,
Equality and Fraternity’ was:
(a) The Russian Revolution
(b) The French Revolution
(c) The American Revolution
(d) India’s First War of Independence

8. Which of the following statements about the ‘French Revolution’ are correct?
(i) After the end of the French Revolution it was proclaimed that it was the people who would
henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.

(ii) France will have a constitutional monarchy and the new republic will be headed by a member
of the royal family
(iii) A centralised administrative system will be put in place to formulate uniform laws for all
citizens.

(iv) Imposition of internal custom duties and dues will continue to exist in France.
(a) (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

9. The French revolutionaries declared that the mission and destiny of the French nation was
(a) to conquer the people of Europe.
(b) to liberate the people of Europe from despotism.
(c) to strengthen absolute monarchies in all the countries of Europe.
(d) to propagate the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in every part of the world.

10. The Civil Code of 1804 in France is usually known as:

(a) The French Revolutionary Code
(b) Napoleonic Code
(c) European Imperial Code
(d) The French Civil Code

11. The Napoleonic Code was exported to which of the following regions?
(a) England
(b) Spain
(c) Regions under French control
(d) Poland

12. The liberal nationalism stands for:

(a) freedom for the individual and equality before law.
(b) preservation of autocracy and clerical privileges.
c) freedom for only male members of society and equality before law.
(d) freedom only for senior citizens.

13. Who among the following formed the secret society called ‘Young Italy’?
(a) Otto von Bismarck
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Metternich
(d) Johann Gottfried Herder

14. The term ‘Universal Suffrage’ means:

(a) the right to vote and get elected, granted only to men.
(b) the right to vote for all adults.
(c) the right to vote and get elected, granted exclusively to property owning men.
(d) the right to vote and get elected, granted only to educated men and women.

15. Which of the following is not a feature or belief of ‘Conservatism’?

(a) Conservatives believe in established, traditional institutions of state and policy.
(b) Conservatives stressed the importance of tradition and preferred gradual development to
quick change.
(c) Conservatives proposed to return to the society of pre-revolutionary days and were against
the ideas of modernisation to strengthen monarchy.
(d) Conservatives believed in the monarchy, church, and other social hierarchies.

16. The Treaty that recognized Greece

as an independent nation:
(a) Vienna 1815
(b) Constantinople 1832
(c) Warsaw 1814
(d) Leipzig 1813

17. Who said ‘When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’?
(a) Garibaldi
(b) Bismarck
(c) Mazzini
(d) Duke Metternich

18. What happened to Poland at the end of 18th century. Which of the following answers is
correct?
(a) Poland achieved independence at the end of the 18th century.
(b) Poland came totally under the control of Russia and became part of Russia.
(c) Poland became part of East Germany.
(d) Poland was partitioned at the end of the 18th century by three Great Powers: Russia,
Prussia and Austria.

19. Who played the leading role in the unification of Germany?

(a) German Emperor (formerly King of Prussia) — Kaiser William I.
(b) Otto Von Bismarck (Prussian Chief Minister).
(c) Johann Gottfried Herder — German philosopher.
(d) Austrian Chancellor — Duke Metternich.

20. Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark, Germany and France, ended in
(a) Danish victory
(b) Prussian victory
(c) French victory
(d) German victory

21. Who was proclaimed the emperor of Germany in 1871?

(a) Otto Von Bismarck
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Count Cavour
(d) Kaiser William I of Prussia

22. Who became the King of United Italy in 1861?

(a) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Count Cavour
(d) Giuseppe Mazzini

23. What helped in the formation of a nation-state in Britain?

(a) The formation of a nation-state in Britain was the result of a sudden upheaval.
(b) In 1688, the monarchy in Britain had seized power from the English Parliament.
(c) The parliament through a bloodless revolution seized power from the monarchy which
gradually led to the emergence of a nation-state.
(d) The British nation was formed as a result of a war with Scotland and Wales.

24. Who was responsible for the unification of Germany?

(a) Count Cavour
(b) Bismarck
(c) Garibaldi
(d) Giuseppe Mazzini

25. The allegory of the German nation who wears a crown of oak leaves was a:
(a) Marianne
(b) Union Jack
(c) Britannia
(d) Germania

26. A large part of Balkan region was under the control of:
(a) Russian empire
(b) Ottoman empire
(c) German empire
(d) Habsburg rulers
Assertion and reasoning based questions :

Assertion : Giuseppe Mazzini worked with the conservatives for the monarchy.
Reason : Italy had to continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) Both A and R are false.
2 Assertion : Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one was ruled by an Italian
princely house.
Reason : The north was under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
3 Assertion : Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons
whose rulers
had their autonomous territories.
Reason: They were closely bound to each other in spite of their autonomous rule.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
4 Assertion : From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures
and
practices like the idea of la patrie and le citoyen.
Reason : This was done to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
5 Assertion : On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives revolted in the Frankfurt parliament.
Reason : The elected representatives revolted against the issue of extending political rights to
women.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) Both A and R are false.
6 Assertion(A): Treaty of Vienna was signed in 1815.
Reason(R): The main objective was to undo the changes that had come about in Europe during
Napoleonic wars.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
7 Assertion(A): Civil code of 1805 is also known as Napoleonic Code.
Reason(R): Napoleonic Code did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality
before the
law and secured the right to property.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
8 Assertion (A): During the eighteenth century France witnessed the emergence of a middle
class.
Reason (R): The emergence of the middle class happened on account of royal patronage.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
9 Assertion (A): A customs union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia.
Reason(R): Tariff barriers were abolished and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty
to two.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
10 Assertion (A): Nationalism, aligned with imperialism, led Europe to disaster in 1914.
Reason(R): Many countries in the world which had been colonized by the European powers in
the
nineteenth century began to oppose imperial domination.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area
called
the Balkans.
Reason (R): The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising
modern-day
Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia,
Serbia and
Montenegro.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
12 Assertion (A): Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-82) is perhaps the most celebrated of Italian
freedom fighters.
Reason (R): In 1833 he met Mazzini, joined the Young Italy movement and participated in a
republican
uprising in Piedmont in 1834.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
13 Assertion (A): In 1869, Garibaldi led an army of volunteers to Rome to fight the last obstacle
to the
unification of Italy
Reason (R): It was only in 1870 when, during the war with Prussia, France withdrew its troops
from Rome
that the Papal States were finally joined to Italy.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
14 Assertion (A): In 1848, Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four prints
visualising his
dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, as he called them.
Reason (R): In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations,
identified through their flags and national costume.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
15 Assertion (A): In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French
philosopher Ernst
Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. The lecture was
subsequently
published as a famous essay entitled ‘Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?
Reason (R): In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested by others that a nation is
formed by a
common language, race, religion, or territory.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.

16)Assertion (A): Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1820, European governments were driven
by a spirit
of conservatism.
Reason (R): . Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and
society – like
the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family should be preserved.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
17) Assertion (A): Liberal revolutionaries wanted to install a constitutional monarchy with Louis
Philippe at
its head.
Reason (R): The first upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings who had
been
restored to power during the conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal
revolutionaries
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
18) Assertion (A): Louise Otto-Peters (1819-95) was a social activist who founded a women’s
journal and
subsequently a feminist political association.
Reason (R): Feminist – Awareness of women’s rights and interests based on the belief of the
social,
economic and political equality of the genders.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
19 )Assertion (A): German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) claimed that true
German
culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk.
Reason (R): It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the
nation
(volksgeist) was popularised.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.
20) Assertion (A): The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the
war, where he
died of fever in 1824.
Reason (R): The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent
nation.
( a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
( b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
( c) A is true but R is false. ( d) A is false but R is true.

Case based questions :

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Within the wide swathe of territory that came under his control, Napoleon set about introducing
many of the reforms that he had already introduced in France. Through a return to monarchy.
Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed democracy in France, but in the administrative
field, he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more
rational and efficient. The Civil Code of 1804- usually known as the Napoleonic Code -did away
with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to
property. This Code was exported to the regions under French control. In the Dutch Republic, in
Switzerland, in Italy and Germany, Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished the
feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. In the towns too, guild
restrictions were removed.

1 What was the Napoleonic Code?

( a) The Civil Code of 1804 - usually
known as the Napoleonic Code -
did give away with privileges
based on birth, established
equality before the law and
secured the right to property.
( b) The Civic Code of 1810 - usually
known as the Napoleonic Code -
did give away all privileges based
on birth, established equality
before the law and secured the
right to property.
( c) The Civic Code of 1910 - usually
known as the Napoleonic Code -
did give away all privileges based
on birth, established equality
before the law and secured the
right to property.
( d) The Civil Code of 1901 - usually
known as the Napoleonic Code -
did give away all privileges based
on birth, established inequality
before the law and did not
secure the right to property.1m

2 Where were this code exported?

( a) This Code was exported to the
regions under Australian control.
( b) This Code was exported to the
regions under Indian control.
( c) This Code was exported to the
regions under German control.
( d) This Code was exported to the
regions under French control. 1m

3 What did Napoleon destroy in France?

( a) Napoleon destroyed monarchy
in France.
( b) Napoleon destroyed farmers in
France.
( c) Napoleon destroyed secularism
in France.
( d) Napoleon destroyed democracy
in France.1m

4 Which system was abolished by Napoleon?

( a) Napoleon abolished the marriage
system.
( b) Napoleon abolished the national
employment system.
( c) Napoleon abolished the feudal
system.
( d) Napoleon abolished the secular
system.1m

2)Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
While it is easy enough to represent a ruler through a portrait or a statue, how does one go
about giving a face to a nation? Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries found a way
out by personifying a nation. In other words, they represented a country as if it was a person.
Nations were then portrayed as female figures. The female form that was chosen to personify
the nation did not stand for any particular woman in real life; rather it sought to give the abstract
idea of the nation a concrete form. That is, the female figure became an allegory of
the nation.

1)What became an allegory of the nation?

( a) The female form that was
chosen to personify the nation
did not stand for any particular
woman in real life, rather it
sought to give the abstract idea
of the nation, a concrete form.
Thus, the female figure became
an allegory of the nation.
( b) The male form that was chosen
to personify the nation stand for
a particular woman in real life,
rather it sought to give the
abstract idea of the nation a
concrete form. That is, the
female figure became an
allegory of the nation.
( c) The male form that was chosen
to personify the nation stand for
a particular man in real life, rather
it sought to give the real idea of
the marriage a concrete form.
That is, the female figure
became an allegory of the
nation.
( d) The female form that was
chosen to personify the nation
did not stand for any particular
woman in real life, rather it
sought to give the real idea of
marriage is a concrete form.
That is, the male figure became
an allegory of the nation.1m

2) How were nations portrayed?

( a) Nations were portrayed as male
figures.
( b) Nations were portrayed as
female figures.
( c) Nations were portrayed as baby
figures.
( d) Nations were portrayed as
transgender figures.1m

3) In which centuries did artists find a way out by personifying a nation?

( a) Artists in the seventeenth and
nineteenth centuries found a
way out by personifying a nation.
( b) Artists in the tenth and
twentieth centuries found a way
out by personifying a nation.
( c) Artists in the eighteenth and ( d) Artists in the twenty first
nineteenth centuries found a
way out by personifying a nation.
centuries found a way out by
personifying a nation.1m

4)How did the artists represent the country?

( a) The artists represented a
country as if it was a bird.
( b) The artists represented a
country as if it was a fruit.
( c) The artists represented a
country as if it was a flower.
( d) The artists represented a
country as if it was a person.1m

3)Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation:
The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. France, as
you would remember, was a full fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute
monarch. The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French
Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.
The revolution proclaimed that was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and
shape its destiny.

1) What did the French Revolution proclaim?

( a) The French Revolution
proclaimed that it was the birds
who would henceforth
constitute the nation and shape
its destiny.
( b) The French Revolution
proclaimed that it was the
married men who would
henceforth constitute the nation
and shape its destiny.
( c) The French Revolution
proclaimed that it was the
people who would henceforth
constitute the nation and shape
its destiny.
( d) The French Revolution
proclaimed that it was the nature
which would henceforth
constitute the nation and shape
its destiny. 1m

2)When did the French Revolution start?

( a) French Revolution started in
1889.
( b) French Revolution started in
1879.
( c) French Revolution started in
1789.
( d) French Revolution started in
1989. 1m

3)How was France in 1789?

( a) France was a full fledged anti-
national state.
( b) France was a full fledged
territorial state.
( c) France was a full fledged secular
state.
( d) France was a full fledged
autocratic state.1m
4) What changes came in the wake of the French Revolution?
( a) The political and constitutional
changes came in the wake of the
French Revolution
( b) The social and economic
changes came in the wake of the
French Revolution
( c) The social and cultural changes
came in the wake of the French
Revolution
( d) The linguistic and cultural
changes came in the wake of the
French Revolution 1m

4)Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
The Making of National in Europe:
If you look at the map of mid-eighteenth-century Europe, you will find that there were no 'nation
states' as we know them today. What we know today as Germany, Italy and Switzerland were
divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories.
Eastern and Central Europe were under autocratic monarchies within the territories of which
lived diverse peoples. They did not see themselves as sharing a collective identity or a common
culture. Often, they even spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic groups.

1) Mention the characteristics by which you could differentiate between the

residents of Eastern and Central Europe.
( a) People from Eastern and Central
Europe saw themselves as
sharing a collective identity of an
uncommon culture. They even
spoke same languages and
belonged to different ethnic
groups.
( b) People from Eastern and Central
Europe saw themselves as
sharing a collective identity of a
common culture. They even
spoke same languages and
belonged to same ethnic groups.
( c) People from Eastern and Central
Europe did not see themselves
as sharing a collective identity of
an uncommon culture. They
even spoke same languages and
belonged to same ethnic groups.
( d) People from Eastern and Central
Europe did not see themselves
as sharing a collective identity of
a common culture. They even
spoke different languages and
belonged to different ethnic
groups. 1m

2) Which areas were under autocratic monarchies?

( a) Northern and Southern Europe
were under autocratic
monarchies.
( b) Northern and Central Europe
were under autocratic
monarchies.
( c) Eastern and Western Europe
were under autocratic
monarchies.
( d) Eastern and Central Europe were
under autocratic monarchies. 1m

3)What rule were Eastern and Central Europe under?

( a) They were under autocratic
monarchies.
( b) They were under democratic
rule.
( c) They were under dictatorship.
( d) They were not under any rule.1m

4) How were the countries that we see today during the mid-eighteenth-
century Europe?
( a) The countries that we see today
were divided into states,
districts and blocks whose rulers
had their autonomous
territories.
( b) The countries that we see today
were divided into kingdoms,
duchies and cantons whose
rulers had their autonomous
territories.
( c) The countries that we see today
were divided into states,
districts and blocks whose rulers
never had their autonomous
territories.
( d) The countries that we see today
were divided into macro, meso
and micro regions whose rulers
never had their autonomous
territories.1m

5)Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class:
Socially and politically, a landed aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent. The
members of this class were united by a common way of life that cut across regional
division.They owned estates in the countryside and also townhouses. They spoke French for
purposes of diplomacy and in high society. Their families were often connected by ties of
marriage. This powerful aristocracy was, however, numerically a small group. The majority of
the population was made up of the peasantry. To the west, the bulk of the land was farmed by
tenants and small owners, while in Eastern and Central Europe the pattern of landholding was
characterised by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs.

1)What was the pattern of landholding in Western Europe?

( a) In Western Europe, most of the
land was cultivated by big
farmers and government.
( b) In Western Europe, most of the
land was cultivated by tenants
and small owners.
( c) In Western Europe the pattern of
landholding was characterized
by vast estates which were
cultivated by the serfs.
( d) In Western Europe the pattern of
landholding was characterized
by small estates which were
cultivated by the government.1m

2) What was the pattern of landholding in Central and Eastern Europe?

( a) In Eastern and Central Europe
the pattern of landholding was
characterized by vast estates
which were cultivated by serfs.
( b) In Eastern and Central Europe,
most of the land was cultivated
by tenants and small owners.
( c) In Eastern and Central Europe,
most of the land was cultivated
by big farmers and government.
( d) In Eastern and Central Europe
the pattern of landholding was
characterized by small estates
which were cultivated by
government.1m

3)How was the aristocratic families connected?

( a) Their families were connected
by ties of marriage.
( b) Their families were connected
by ties of business.
( c) Their families were connected
by ties of games.
( d) Their families were connected
by ties of neighbourhood.1m

4)What was the majority of the population made up of?

( a) The majority of the population
was made up of the soldiers.
( b) The majority of the population
was made up of the teachers.
( c) The majority of the population
was made up of the
businessmen.
( d) The majority of the population
was made up of the peasantry. 1m

6)Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
In the German regions a large number of political associations whose members were
middle-class professional businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in the city of
Frankfurt
and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly. On 18 May 1848, 31 elected
representatives marched in a festive procession to take their places in the Frankfurt parliament
convened in the Church of St Paul. They drafted a constitution for a German nation to be
headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. When the deputies offered the crown on these
terms to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, he rejected it and joined other monarchs to
oppose the elected assembly. While the opposition of the aristocracy and military became
stronger, the social basis of parliament eroded. The parliament was dominated by the middle
classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their
support. In the end troops were called in and the assembly was forced to disband. The issue of
extending political rights to women was a controversial one within the liberal movement, in
which large numbers of women had participated actively over the years. Women had formed
their own political associations, founded newspapers and taken part in political meetings and
demonstrations. Despite this they were denied suffrage rights during the election of the
Assembly. When the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul, women were
admitted only as observers to stand in the visitors' gallery.
1)People from which classes mainly constituted the members of many
political associations in the German region?
( a) Backward class professional
businessmen and prosperous
fishermen were the classes
which mainly constituted the
members of many political
associations in the German
region.
( b) Middle-class professional
businessmen and prosperous
artisans were the classes which
mainly constituted the members
of many political associations in
the German region.
( c) Rich-class professional
businessmen and prosperous
artisans were the classes which
mainly constituted the members
of many political associations in
the German region.
( d) Poor and backward class
professional businessmen and
prosperous artisans were the
classes which mainly constituted
the members of many political
associations in the German
region.1m

2) What was Wilhelm IV's reaction when he was offered the crown on certain
terms by the deputies?
( a) When the deputies offered the
crown on these terms to
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of
Prussia, he rejected it and joined
other monarchs to oppose the
elected assembly.
( b) When the deputies offered the
crown on these terms to
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of
Prussia, he accepted it and
joined other monarchs to
oppose the elected assembly.
( c) When the deputies offered the
crown on these terms to
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of
Prussia, he accepted it and
joined other monarchs to
support the elected assembly.
( d) When the deputies offered the
crown on these terms to
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of
Prussia, he rejected it and joined
other slaves to support the
elected assembly.1m

3) In what ways were the women active in the political sphere?

( a) Women never participated in
large numbers in the liberal
movement over the years. Each
women had formed their
separate political associations,
founded newspapers and have
never taken part in political
meetings and demonstrations.
( b) Women never participated in
large numbers in the liberal
movement over the years. Each
women had formed their
separate political associations,
founded newspapers and taken
part in political meetings and
demonstrations.
( c) Women never participated in
large numbers in the liberal
movement over the years.
Women had formed their own
political associations, founded
newspapers and taken part in
( d) Women actively participated in
large numbers in the liberal
movement over the years.
Women had formed their own
political associations, founded
newspapers and taken part in political meetings and demonstrations.
political meetings and demonstrations.1m

24 When did the elected representatives marched in a festive procession?

( a) The elected representatives
marched in a festive procession
on 30th January 1842
( b) The elected representatives
marched in a festive procession
on 19th December 1452
( c) The elected representatives
marched in a festive procession
on 30th December 1899
( d) The elected representatives
marched in a festive procession
on 31st December 1900 1m

7)Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling:
The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial expansion.
Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation art and poetry,stories and
music helped express and shape nationalist feelings. Let us look at Romanticism, a cultural
movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists
and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on
emotions, intuition and mystical feelings. Their effort was to create a sense of a shared
collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation.

1) What was Romanticism?

( a) Romanticism was a social
movement which sought to
develop a particular form of anti-
nationalist sentiment.
( b) Romanticism was a physical
movement which sought to
develop a particular form of anti-
nationalist sentiment.
( c) Romanticism was a physical
movement which sought to
develop a particular form of
nationalist sentiment.
( d) Romanticism was a cultural
movement which sought to
develop a particular form of
nationalist sentiment.1m

2)What was the major objective of the romantic artists and poets?
( a) The major objective of romantic
artists and poets was to create a
sense of anti nationalism, hatred
for fellow citizens, as the basis of
a nation.
( b) The major objective of romantic
artists and poets was to create a
sense of a loneliness, a different
cultural past, as the basis of a
nation.
( c) The major objective of romantic
artists and poets was to create a
sense of a loneliness, a common
cultural past, as the basis of a
nation.
( d) The major objective of romantic
artists and poets was to create a
sense of a shared collective
heritage, a common cultural past,
as the basis of a nation. 1m

3)What played an important role in creating the idea of nation art?

( a) Culture played important role in
creating the idea of nation art.
( b) Army played important role in
creating the idea of nation art.
( c) Government played important
role in creating the idea of nation
art.
( d) Monarchs played important role
in creating the idea of nation art. 1m

4)Who criticized the glorification of reason and science?

( a) Scientists criticized the
glorification of reason and
science.
( b) Romantic artists and poets
criticized the glorification of
reason and science.
( c) Government criticized the
glorification of reason and
science.
( d) Fishermen and traders criticized
the glorification of reason and
science. 1m

1 Mark
1) Who was Frederic Sorrieu?
2)To which country did the artist Frederic Sorrieu belong?
3)Why did French artist Frederic Sorrieu prepare a series of prints based on democratic and
socialist republics in 1848?
4)What does ‘Absolutist’ mean?
5)What do the ideas of ‘la Patrie’ and ‘le Citoyen’ emphasize?
6)Which new name was given to ‘The Estates General’?
7)When did industrialisation begin in England and other parts of Europe?
8)Which new social groups emerged after the industrial revolution?
9)What is the origin of the word ‘Liberalism’? What did it mean?
10)What was Zollverein?

2 Mark
1)How has French artist Frederick Sorrow visualised in his first print of the series of four Prince
his dream of a world made up of democratic and social republics?Explain.

2)What Steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of Collective identity among
the French people?

3)How did the French revolutionaries help other people of Europe to become nations?

4)Explain the administrative reforms introduced by Napoleon.

5)Write a short note on Napoleonic civil code.

6)Why was Napoleonic rule over the regions unpopular with some sections of people?

7)Through a focus on any two countries ,explain how nations developed over the 19th century?

8)Vernacular language and local folklores carried a modern nationalist message to large
audiences, who were mostly illiterate.' Justify with suitable examples.

9)Which conditions were viewed as obstacles to economic exchange & growth by the new
commercial classes during
Napoleon's rule?
10)How did the Polish language work as a symbol of struggle against Russian dominance?

11)Who hosted 'Vienna Congress' in 1815 ? Analyse the main changes brought by the 'Vienna
Treaty.'

3Mark :
1)"The Habsburg Empire was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples"Explain.

2)What were the features of the landed aristocracy of Europe?

3)How did the new middle class emerge in Europe?

4)Explain any three features of Frankfurt parliament?

5)Why were 1830 's called the years of great economic hardship in Europe give any three
reasons?

6)Enumerate any three features of conservative regimes setup in Europe following the defeat of
Napoleon in 1815.

7)What is the significance of 1848 for France and the rest of Europe ?what did the liberals
demand?

8)Mention any two economic obstacles that the liberal nationalist wanted to overcome ?In what
ways did the zollverein customs union of 1834 try to overcome these shortcomings?

9))How did culture play an important role in creating the idea of a nation in Europe ?Explain it by
giving 4 examples.

10)How did the Greek war of independence mobilize nationalist feelings among the educated
Elite across Europe? Give four points.

11)Till mid 18th century there was no nation state in your support of the statement with
examples.

5 Mark

1)Explain the role of languages in developing the nationalist sentiments in Europe.

2)Explain any four features of the treaty of Vienna 1815.

3)What are the political,social, economic ideals supported by the liberals in Europe?

4)Describe the four stages of unification of Italy.

5)Explain any three reasons for the nationalist upsurge in 19th century Europe.

6)"Italy had a long history of political fragmentation" support the statement by giving any three
points.

7)"When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches a cold" Explain.

8)Who was Count de Cavour? State any two of his contributions.

9)Describe the unification of Italy.

10)Describe the unification of Germany.

11)Describe the process of unification of Britain.

12)What were the symbols of new British nation?

13)How did romanticism seem to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiments during the
18th century? Explain.

14)What is the meaning of the revolution of 1848 liberals?Explain political, social and economic
ideals supported by the liberals?

15)Who were Marainne and Germania?What was the importance of the way in which they were
portrayed?

16)Examine the role of Women in the national struggle of Europe.

17)Why was the Balkans the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?
Explain.

18)Explain the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the unification of Italy.

19)Write about the 1830 revolution.

20)"The Balkans became an area of intense conflict" .Explain.