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Intelligent Speed Control System for Automobiles

Article · September 2013

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Mr. Sundar Ganesh C.S and Mr. Joseph Mathew K 1

Intelligent Speed Control System for Automobiles

Mr. Sundar Ganesh C.S and Mr. Joseph Mathew K

Abstract- In this paper an automatic vehicle speed The main theme of this system is to control the speed in the
control system for automobile is discussed. The objective speed limit regions in the road. The keypad is used to set
is to develop a model that reduces accidents on the road different speed limits. The speed limit is encoded and it is
and preserve the lives of human beings especially modulated with a carrier frequency of 433 MHz. The RF
children and the old people. The system consists of Radio transmitteris used to send the modulated signal[1]. The RF
Frequency (RF) transmitter and receiver to set the limit receiver present in the automobile system detects the signal
speed. The speed of the automobile is continuously and separates the speed limit with the carrier frequency. the
monitored and it is given to the embedded system. The speed is sensed and it is compared with set speed and if
system cuts off the fuel supply when the speed is above exceeds the relay is cut off by the microcontroller. Once the
the set speed and the automobile speed reduced. The speed is within the set speed, relay is made on.
driver has to adjust the speed within the set speed so that
the automobile is continuous to run. III. RF TRANSMITTER SECTION

I.INTRODUCTION

In the modern era, the automobiles have increased

in a large number. Accidents have also increasing nowadays
and many lives had gone. The main reason is that many
persons are driving in a higher speed than the indicated
speed given by the roadways of government. It is the duty of
each person to reduce the accidents on the road. One way is
to limit the speed by a semi-automatic system given in this
paper.
Embedded system is playing a vital role in the
control, monitoring of many equipments in the field of
engineering, medical, aerospace, process control and many
more applications. Embedded system is a system that is used
for a particular purpose of application. The system deals in
this paper also consist of a microcontroller which senses the
motor speed and control the fuel depending upon the limit
speed.
II.OVERALL SYSTEM

Fig.2 RF Transmitter

The keypad consists of eight key in which each key

represents the one operation. The key board is interfaced
with encoder data lines. If any one key is pressed the
corresponding signal is given to encoder.
In this circuit HT 640 is used as encoder. They are
capable of encoding 18 bits of information which consists of
N address bit and 18-N data bits[2]. Each address/data input
is externally trinary programmable if bonded out. It is
otherwise set floating internally. The encoders offer flexible
combination of programmable address/data is transmitted
together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared
transmission (IR) medium upon receipt of a trigger signal.
The capability to select a trigger type further enhances the
application flexibility of the encoders.
Fig.1 Block Diagram In this circuit the input signal to be encoded is given to
Address/Data (AD7-AD0) input pins of encoder. The
Sundar Ganesh C.S. working as an Assistant Professor, P.S.G College Of
Technology, Coimbatore, India, css@rae.psgtech.ac.in, Mr. Joseph encoder output address pins are shorted so the output
Mathew K. working as an Associate Professor, P.S.G College Of encoded signal is the combination of (A0-A9) address signal
Technology, Coimbatore, India, kjm@eee.psgtech.ac.in

International Journal of New Trends in Electronics and Communication (IJNTEC) Vol.1, Issue. 2, Sep. 2013
Mr. Sundar Ganesh C.S and Mr. Joseph Mathew K 2

and (D0-D7) data signal. The output encoded signal is taken A9) and data signal (D0-D7). Then the output data signal is
from 8th which is connected to RF transmitter section. given to microcontroller .
IV.RF RECEIVER SECTION V.SPEED MEASUREMENT MODULE

Fig.4 Speed measurement module

This circuit is designed to monitor the speed of the
motor. The holes type pulley is attached in the motor shaft.
The pulley is rotated across the USLOT. The USLOT
consists of IR transmitter and receiver.
Infrared transmitter is one type of Light emitting
Fig.3. RF Receiver diode (LED) which emits infrared rays generally called as
IR Transmitter. Similarly IR Receiver is used to receive the
The RF receiver is used to receive the encoded data IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One important
which is transmitted by the RF transmitter. Then the point is both IR transmitter and receiver should be placed
received data is given to transistor which acts as amplifier. straight line to each other.
Then the amplified signal is given to carrier demodulator When supply is ON, the IR transmitter LED is
section in which transistor Q1 is turn on and turn off conducting it passes the IR rays to the receiver. The IR
conducting depends on the signal. Due to this the capacitor receiver is connected to base of the switching transistor
C14 is charged and discharged so carrier signal is removed through resistors. When motor is not rotating the IR
and saw tooth signal is appears across the capacitor. Then transmitter passes the rays to the receiver. The IR receiver
this saw tooth signal is given to comparator. The comparator LED is conducting due to that less than 0.7V is given to
circuit is constructed by LM558. The comparator is used to transistor base so that transistor is not conducting. Now the
convert the saw tooth signal to exact square pulse. Then the supply voltage +5V is given to the input of the inverter
encoded signal is given to decoder in order to get the (IC7404) and zero taken as output. When motor is rotating,
decoded original signal. the pulley attached in the shaft also rotating, so it interprets
In this circuit HT648 is used as decoder. For proper the IR rays between transmitter and receiver. Hence IR
operation a pair of encoder/decoder pair with the same receiver LED is not conducting due to that more than 0.7V
number of address and data format should be selected. The is given to base of the transistor. Now the transistor is
decoder receives serial address and data from that series of conducting so it shorts the collector and emitter terminal.
encoders that are transmitted by a carrier using an RF or an The zero voltage is given to inverter input and +5v is taken
IR transmission medium. It then compares the serial input in the output. Hence depends on the motor speed the zero to
data twice continuously with its local address. If no errors or 5v square pulse is generating at the output which is given to
unmatched codes are encountered, the input data codes are microcontroller in order to count the pulse. This pulse rate is
decoded and then transferred to the output pins[3]. equal to the speed of the motor.
The 318 decoders are capable of decoding 18 bits of
information that consists of N bits of address and 18-N bits
of data. To meet various applications they are arranged to
provide a number of data pins whose range is from 0 t08 and
an address pin whose range is from 8 to 18. In addition, the
318 decoders provide various combinations of address/ data
numbering different package.
In this circuit the received encoded signal is 9th pin
of the decoder. Now the decoder separate the address (A0-

International Journal of New Trends in Electronics and Communication (IJNTEC) Vol.1, Issue. 2, Sep. 2013
Mr. Sundar Ganesh C.S and Mr. Joseph Mathew K 3

From the reading, before entering it to the speed

limit 70 rps, the system is free to move in any speed. During
this time, relay remains off .When after setting the speed
VI.SPEED CONTROL MODULE limit, whenever the system is crossing the speed limit relay
will be activated and its position is made off.

The different voltages are applied to the motor and

its corresponding speed are noted and tabulated in Table 2.
Table 2 Input voltage and speed of motor
Input Voltage Speed of the motor
(volts) (rps)
0.3 0
0.59 6
0.81 24
1.21 42
1.42 51
1.89 75
2.24 93
2.8 120
2.99 132
3.67 165
3.97 180
4.26 195
4.63 213
Fig.5 Speed Control module 5.14 240
7.06 252
7.5 255
This circuit is designed to control the speed of the 8.1 255
12v motor. Here the variable resistor is used to give the 9.1 255
different voltage signal to amplifier circuit. The amplifier
circuit is constructed by the LM 741 operational amplifier.
The variable voltage is given to non inverting input VII.CONCLUSION
terminal. Then the amplified signal is given to SL 100
power transistor. The 12v motor is connected in the The main contribution of this paper is to create an
transistor side. Depending on the amplified signal current social awareness about the safety of other human beings.
through the transistor is controlled due to that the motor The system provided in the automobile ensures the safety of
speed is controlled. people riding as well as other living beings in the road .The
VII.RESULTS main advantage of this system all the automobiles are forced
to run in the speed limit given by the roadway authorities
The reading of relay output voltage, position, and given by the government.
speed are measured. This is done before and after setting the The further investigations can be done to control
speed limit. The readings tabulated in this table 1 are by the gear rather than control the fuel so that automatic speed
setting the speed limit 70 rps. control can be achieved.

IX. REFERENCES
Table1.Speed of motor and Relay output [1]. Balluchi, A., Benvenuti, L., Di Benedetto, M.D.,
Sl. Setting Speed Relay Relay Pinello, C. and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.L.,
No. the of the Position Output Automotive engine control and hybrid systems:
limit motor challenges and opportunities. Proceedings of the IEEE.
speed (rps) Volts v88 i7. 888-912.
[2] Kassem, N. Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA
Kosba, A.E.; Youssef, M.;VRF-Based Vehicle
Detection and Speed Estimation vehicular Technology
1 Before 120 ON 0.2 Conference (VTC Spring), IEEE (2012).
2 Before 30 ON 0.2 [3]. Puleston, P.F., Spurgeon, S. and Monsees, G.,
3 After 24 ON 0.2 Automotive engine speed control: a robust nonlinear
4 After 45 ON 0.2 control framework. IEE Proceedings - Control Theory
5 After 100 OFF 11.7 and Applications. v148 i1. 81-87
6 After 30 ON 0.2
7 After 80 OFF 11.7 Mr.Sundar Ganesh C S was born on 13th July 1981 in
8 After 51 ON 0.2 Sellur, Madurai India. He completed his graduate

International Journal of New Trends in Electronics and Communication (IJNTEC) Vol.1, Issue. 2, Sep. 2013
Mr. Sundar Ganesh C.S and Mr. Joseph Mathew K 4

programme in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in

2003 from Government College of Engineering,
Tirunelveli. He did his post-graduation in Applied
Electronics from PSG College of Technology Coimbatore
India in the year 2008. After completion of his UG he was
worked as a Lecturer in MNSK college of Engineering for
1year 5 months.Now he is working as an Assistant Professor
at PSG college of Technology, Coimbatore.

Mr.Joesph Mathew K completed his graduate programme

in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and post graduate
programme in Applied Electronics from PSG College of
Technology Coimbatore. His major research areas are
Digital image Processing, VLSI and Digital system design.
Now he is working as an Associate Professor at PSG college
of Technology, Coimbatore.

International Journal of New Trends in Electronics and Communication (IJNTEC) Vol.1, Issue. 2, Sep. 2013

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