Properties of steam and thermodynamics cycles Unit 4.pptx

STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM
• Steam being pure substance has its unique and constant properties at different pressures
and temperatures. Therefore, thermodynamic properties can be estimated once and
tabulated for future use.
• Steam table is a tabular presentation of properties such as specific enthalpy, entropy,

internal energy and specific volume at different saturation pressures and temperatures.
• Steam table may be on pressure basis or on temperature basis.
• Similarly, steam properties for superheated steam are also estimated and tabulated at some
discrete pressures for varying degree of superheat.
Properties of steam and thermodynamics
cycles
Various dependent properties discussed ahead shall be enthalpy, internal energy, specific
volume, entropy etc.
Some of terms used in discussion ahead are given as under.
1. Sensible heating: It refers to the heating of substance in single phase. It causes rise in
temperature of substance. In case of cooling in above conditions it shall be called
sensible cooling.
2. Latent heating: It is the heating of substance for causing its phase change without any
change in it’s temperature. If heat is extracted for causing phase change without any
change in its temperature it will be called latent cooling.
3. Normal boiling point: It is the temperature at which vapour pressure equals to
atmospheric pressure and at this temperature phase change from liquid to gas begins.
4. Melting point: It is the temperature at which phase change from solid to liquid takes
place upon supplying latent heat.
5. Saturation states: Saturation state of a substance refers to the state at which its phase
transformation takes place without any change in pressure and temperature. These
can be saturated solid state, saturated liquid state and saturated vapour state.
6. Saturation pressure: It is the pressure at which substance changes its phase for any given temperature. Such as
at any given temperature water shall get converted into steam at a definite pressure only, this pressure is called
saturation pressure corresponding to given temperature. For water at 100°C the saturation pressure is 1 atm
pressure.
7. Saturation temperature: It refers to the temperature at which substance changes its phase for any given
pressure. For water at 1 atm pressure the saturation temperature is 100°C.
8. Triple point: Triple point of a substance refers to the state at which substance can coexist in solid, liquid and
gaseous phase in equilibrium. For water it is 0.01°C i.e. at this temperature ice, water and steam can coexist in
equilibrium.
9. Critical states: “Critical state refers to that state of substance at which liquid and vapour coexist in
equilibrium.” In case of water at 22.12 MPa, and 374.15°C the water and vapour coexist in equilibrium, thus
it is the highest pressure and temperature at which distinguishable water and vapour exist together.
10. Dryness fraction: It is the mass fraction of vapour in a mixture of liquid and vapour at any point in
liquid-vapour mixture region. It is generally denoted by ‘x’. It is also called quality of steam.
11. Compressed liquid or subcooled liquid: Liquid at temperature less than saturation temperature corresponding
to a given pressure is called compressed liquid or subcooled liquid. Degree of subcooling is given by the
temperature difference between liquid temperature and saturation temperature of liquid at given pressure.
Degree of subcooling = Saturation temperature at given pressure – Temperature of liquid.
12. Superheated steam: Steam having temperature more than the saturation temperature corresponding to given
pressure is called superheated steam. Amount of superheating is quantified by degree of superheating. Degree of
superheating is given by difference between temperature of steam and saturation temperature at given pressure.
PHASE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
• Let us study phase transformation from ice to steam by taking ice at –20°C in an open vessel i.e. at
atmospheric pressure, and heat it from bottom. Salient states passed through the phase change are as given
under. Melting point of ice is 0°C and boiling point of water is 100°C for water at 1 atmospheric pressure.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF PRESSURE, VOLUME
AND TEMPERATURE
RANKINE CYCLE
BRAYTON CYCLE

Properties of steam and thermodynamics cycles Unit 4.pptx

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Properties of steam and thermodynamics cycles Unit 4.pptx

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Properties of steam and thermodynamics cycles Unit 4.pptx

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM

• Steam table is a tabular presentation of properties such as specific enthalpy, entropy,

• Steam table may be on pressure basis or on temperature basis.

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.