Unit 1: How has globalization changed your country?

Globalization is currently the worldwide economic trend. Many countries,

particularly emerging ones like Vietnam, now have the opportunity to showcase
important aspects of their countries thanks to globalization.

The economy is the first area where we observe the most variance. As far as I'm
aware, Vietnam was a poor nation with a primitive agricultural system
following the war. However, Vietnam is developing miraculously because to the
government's appropriate policies and the economic and technological
advancements it receives from other countries. Additionally, Vietnam has been
able to draw in investment capital thanks to its market, which has a population
of 100 million. Despite being impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, research
indicates that Vietnam's GDP increased by 2.91 percent in 2020, placing it
among the fastest-growing countries.

Furthermore, one of the aspects that has been impacted by globalization is

education. Even though there are still classic teaching methods, educators can
use the new, highly successful approaches. Compared to previous approaches,
these new techniques make it easier for pupils to learn. Additionally, students
now have additional possibilities to access higher education institutions thanks
to globalization.

Finally, the broad international exchange on economic fundamentals has a big

influence on the cultural sphere. It has made it possible to eliminate outdated
lifestyles and acquire a lot of fresh cultural values. For instance, because
patriarchal lifestyles are stigmatized, the percentage of men who lead them is
declining. Although Vietnam is losing its national identities, there is no denying
the benefits that globalization has brought to Vietnamese culture.

In conclusion, globalization has had a significant impact on Vietnam, a

developing nation. In particular, the economy, education, and culture are
important areas where we might observe changes. Globalization's beneficial
effects have made a significant contribution to Vietnam's socio economic
development.
Unit 2: Discuss the various similarities and differences between studying a
language and studying math.

The fundamental fields of language and mathematics influence our ability to

communicate and comprehend the outside world. Despite having different
goals, comparing and contrasting them shows important parallels and
divergences.

Math and language both rely on rules. Math relies on axioms and formulas,
whereas language depends on grammar and syntax. It takes pattern recognition,
rule application, and cumulative knowledge building to become proficient in
either. Furthermore, in order to become fluent, both require memorization and
practice, whether studying formulas or vocabulary.

But they use different approaches. Math is abstract and universal, whereas
language is expressive and culturally specific. Immersion activities, such as
dialogues, are common in language learning because they promote adaptability
and error tolerance. In contrast, math requires accuracy because even minor
mistakes can provide completely wrong answers. Math encourages rational
thinking and problem-solving, while language stresses creativity and
interpretation.

Notwithstanding these distinctions, the two come together in domains such as

computational linguistics, where language is analyzed using mathematical
models. This illustrates how they complement one another in fostering
intellectual development and critical thinking.

In conclusion, even though learning math and language requires different

approaches, both subjects deepen our comprehension of the universe and
provide special and complementary cognitive advantages.

Unit 3: Is disease prevention the responsibility of individuals and their

families, or of the government?

On the other side of the equation, the government has a substantial

responsibility to ensure public health and facilitate disease prevention. This role
encompasses a range of actions, from crafting healthcare policies and funding
public health initiatives to implementing regulations that protect the population.
Governments have the unique power to enact legislation aimed at reducing
health risks, such as imposing taxes on sugary drinks, creating smoke-free
environments, and mandating vaccinations.

Effective public health campaigns can profoundly influence individual

behavior. Initiatives that educate the public about the dangers of smoking or
promote the benefits of vaccinations can significantly reduce the incidence of
preventable diseases. Additionally, government-funded healthcare systems can
ensure access to preventive services, such as routine check-ups, screenings, and
immunizations, which are critical in catching diseases early and promoting
community health overall.

Moreover, the government is responsible for addressing social determinants of

health, such as poverty, education, and access to healthcare, all of which
significantly impact an individual's ability to make healthy choices. By
investing in infrastructure, such as parks and public transportation, or enhancing
educational resources, governments can create environments that facilitate
healthier lifestyles for their citizens.

While the roles of individuals, families, and government may appear distinct,
they are inherently interdependent. Individuals equipped with knowledge and
resources are more likely to take proactive steps toward disease prevention, but
they operate within a framework shaped largely by government policies and
societal norms. Conversely, government actions can only be effective if
individuals understand and embrace them. For instance, the success of
vaccination programs often hinges on public trust and engagement that begins at
the family level and is reinforced by government initiatives.

Moreover, crises, such as pandemics, highlight the gaps in both individual and
governmental approaches to health. When individuals fail to adhere to
guidelines, or when governments lack robust systems to promote health equity
and access, the consequences can lead to widespread outbreaks and strain on
healthcare systems. Thus, the relationship between personal responsibility and
government action is not merely complementary; it is essential for effective
disease prevention strategies.
In conclusion, disease prevention is a shared responsibility that requires
cooperation and collaboration between individuals, families, and government
entities. While personal choices and family dynamics play vital roles in
fostering healthy behaviors, government policies and public health initiatives
provide the necessary resources and environments for effective disease
prevention. Recognizing the interdependence of these roles is crucial in
addressing public health challenges and fostering a culture of health within
society. By working together, we can create a healthier future for all.

Unit 4: Write a report that provides both short- and long-term solutions to
an environmental problem and takes the costs into consideration. Refer to
a specific case study in your report.

Plastics are an inextricable part of modern life. However, a number of the same
properties which make plastics indispensable to humans, also make them
serious environmental threats. Plastic is an indispensable thing in our lives.
Wherever you go, you can see plastic. Those familiar things you think are not
harmful to the surroundings or the earth, on the contrary they are worse than
you think.

Currently, plastic waste accounts for about eight to twelve percent of the
world’s household waste, meaning that every day the world generates about 7,
800 tons of plastic every day. Consequently, where did the tons of plastic go?

Every day the garbage truck will collect trash from each household and that
waste will go to the composting place or general landfill or there is plastic waste
still somewhere like in the sea or on the road. And plastic is extremely difficult
to decompose. If plastic is burned, it will cause air pollution. If waste is not
treated, it will greatly affect life. And we can’t merely let them do that,
otherwise plastic waste will continue to pile up into mountains on earth.
Consequently, recycling them may not be a bad idea. Recycled plastic waste
accounts for about 14 percent, on the contrary of that only 2 percent is recycled
into useful things that can be used again and again. The remaining percentage
can be recycled into worse things, or plastic items can only be recycled once.
Then when they can no longer be used, they return to landfills and incinerators
and the environment. So the above methods cannot completely solve this plastic
waste problem. So what should we do to thoroughly handle them?

We can go back to the time when plastic was first created. We can stop plastic
production by shutting down all the plastic machines and factories or by
opening a protest phasing out the single use of plastic that causes pollution. And
end fossil fuels allowance that are fueling plastic for their company. And make
plastic factory owners ought to pay large compensation for the environmental
pollution they create. And if these laws are applied, gradually plastic factories
will close. And that will lead to a future without plastic waste. So in the future,
we can use environmentally friendly materials that can be easily repaired,
reused, recycled and composted. And that will create a natural circular economy
that benefits both the environment and people.

Plastic can cause a number of problems to the environment so if we don’t have

a solution, it will just get worse

Unit 5: Which is more important when building or buying a new home: its
location or its size?

When people have a desire to build or buy a new home, they need to put many
factors into consideration including location and size. However, a house usually
can not meet both criteria. Many people argue that the house's size overwhelms
its geographical stie. This essay will totally support the idea that the importance
of location should always be prioritized over size.

To begin with, there are two reasons why the location of the building is more
important. Firstly, a good location helps commuting easily. The road system is
increasingly developed, making more people use personal vehicles. This
sometimes causes problems such as traffic jams, so if our building is near a
school or a company, it will help save time and avoid being late. Besides, the
position also affects people's health, as if the surrounding environment in their
home is polluted, they are likely to be susceptible to respiratory diseases.

Secondly, when moving to or building a new home, it's very important to

choose a place close to the other entertainment places. From grocery stores and
restaurants to shopping and parks, those in need of certain amenities should
place a heavy emphasis on the location of their home instead of on the size.
They don't need to spend much time traveling to these places and have more
options to go out on weekends with their families.

However, in some cases, the size of the house is more critical than its location.
If there are many people in a family or for an extended family, for example, it is
the optimal option to have a larger home. Individual living space is necessary
for relaxation, the concentration that is possible when separate rooms are
specified for each household which in turn depends on the size of the home.

In conclusion, when buying or building a home, the only thing that should be
cared about and put priority on is choosing a location. It is great to buy a house
that has both size and location. The size of any home can be changed but it is
not the case for the home's position. When you're buying a home make sure the
location of the home is your top priority and you will find yourself in a great
home.

Unit 6: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of three types of

renewable energy and decide which would work best in your country.

Nowadays, people are more and more concerned about environmental problems
and environmental protection. They, therefore, tend to change the way they use
energy for their lives by turning to use renewable energy instead of fossil fuel
which can pollute the environment. There are many types of renewable energy,
but the three most common types of renewable energy in my country are solar
energy, hydropower and wind power.

Solar energy is one of the main sources of renewable energy in my country

because of the sunny weather. One major advantage of using solar energy is that
we can reduce electricity bills. We can install solar panels at home and use
electricity produced by them. As a result, we do not buy electricity from other
organizations. In addition, the maintenance costs for solar panels are quite low.
We do not have to pay for too much periodic expenditure. However, the
installation cost is quite high because the solar energy storage and solar panel
are expensive. Moreover, using solar energy depends on weather conditions. If
it is rainy and the rain lasts some days, electricity can not be produced while
reserve electricity is gradually depleted. That is a potential drawback of using
solar energy.

Thanks to the dense river network, most of the electricity in my country is

produced from hydropower. The most obvious advantage of hydro power is that
both storage hydropower and pumped storage hydropower facilities have the
ability to generate electricity on-demand by releasing dammed water through
turbines, making many hydroelectric plants dispatchable resources. This allows
hydroelectricity plants to replace traditional dispatchable generation methods
like coal and gas peaker plants. Nevertheless, there is an inherent disadvantage.
It is that hydropower plants can adversely affect surrounding environments.
Storage hydropower or pumped storage hydropower systems interrupt the
natural flow of a river system. This leads to disrupted animal migration paths,
issues with water quality, and human or wildlife displacement. These negative
environmental impacts of hydropower are typically lower with run-of-river,
wave energy, or tidal power setups, but the vast majority of current hydropower
systems are storage or pumped storage systems that block river flow.

One of the primary types of renewable energy used in my country is wind

power. Among a lot of advantages of using wind power, the low operating costs
is the most obvious. Regarding upfront costs, wind farms or individual turbines
can be expensive to install. However, once up and running, operating costs are
relatively low; wind is free, and the turbines don't require too much
maintenance over the course of their lifetime. Moreover, wind energy is space –
efficient. Cumulatively, wind farms can take up a lot of land space; however,
the actual turbines and equipment don't use up much real estate. This means that
land used for wind turbines can often also be used for other purposes, such as
farming. However, a commonly cited drawback of wind power is that it is a
non-dispatchable energy source. This means that it can’t be used to generate
electricity 24/7; instead, wind energy relies on the wind to blow.

In conclusion, each of these types of renewable energy has distinct pros and
cons and is only suitable for certain countries which has convenient conditions.
In particular, hydropower works best in my country. Most of the electricity in
my country is produced by hydropower plants. In the future, maybe there are
some other sources of renewable energy work more and more efficiently in my
country.

Unit 7: Fashion, cooking, and video games have all been likened to fine art.
Choose one of these and discuss whether it should be considered fine art,
comparable to painting or sculpture

Fashion can certainly be viewed as a form of fine art, comparable to painting or

sculpture, for several reasons. Like traditional art forms, fashion involves
creativity, design, and expression. A fashion designer is akin to a painter or
sculptor, using fabric, texture, color, and form to create something visually
compelling. High fashion, in particular, often transcends mere functionality and
ventures into the realm of conceptual art, where clothing is not just worn but
experienced, symbolized, or even critiqued.

Take, for example, the works of designers like Alexander McQueen or Rei
Kawakubo. Their collections often push the boundaries of what is possible with
fabric and construction, creating garments that challenge societal norms,
question beauty standards, or even serve as commentary on culture. McQueen's
1999 runway show, in which a robotic arm "sprayed" paint onto a dress, is a
perfect example of how fashion can intersect with performance art and
technology, much like a contemporary art piece would.

Additionally, like painting or sculpture, fashion has its own history, movements,
and iconic figures. The evolution of fashion has paralleled artistic movements
such as Art Deco, Modernism, and Minimalism. Just as painters have explored
abstraction, designers have experimented with asymmetry, deconstruction, and
alternative silhouettes.

In short, fashion embodies the creativity, innovation, and intellectual

exploration characteristic of fine art. It challenges perceptions, evokes emotion,
and provides cultural commentary, earning it a place alongside other artistic
disciplines like painting and sculpture.

Unit 8: Describe population trends in Japan using data from a graph.

Suggest the potential impact on the country if the 2050 projections are
correct

Japan is a highly developed country with the third largest economy in the world.
However, it is also facing a serious demographic challenge: its population is
shrinking and aging rapidly. This essay will describe the population trends in
Japan using data from a graph and suggest the potential impact on the country if
the 2050 projections are correct.

According to the graph, Japan’s population was young and growing in 1950,
with 35% of the people under 15, 60% between 15 and 64, and only 5% over
65. However, the situation changed dramatically in the following decades. The
proportion of the young population declined steadily, reaching 13% in 2020 and
projected to drop to 10% in 2050.

The proportion of the working-age population also decreased, from 70% in

1990 to 59% in 2020 and expected to fall to 51% in 2050. On the other hand,
the proportion of the elderly population increased sharply, from 12% in 1990 to
28% in 2020 and projected to rise to 39% in 2050. These population trends have
significant implications for Japan’s society and economy. First, the shrinking
and aging population means that Japan will face a labor shortage and a decline
in productivity and innovation. This will hamper its economic growth and
competitiveness in the global market. Second, the aging population will increase
the demand for health care and social security services, putting pressure on the
public finances and fiscal sustainability. This will require higher taxes or
spending cuts, which could affect the living standards and welfare of the people.
Third, the demographic change will also affect Japan’s culture and identity, as
it will reduce its cultural diversity and influence in the world.

In conclusion, Japan’s population is undergoing a dramatic transformation that

poses serious challenges for its future. If the 2050 projections are correct, Japan
will have a smaller, older, and less dynamic population that will affect its
economic performance, social welfare, and cultural vitality. Therefore, Japan
needs to adopt effective policies and strategies to cope with this demographic
crisis and ensure its long-term prosperity and stability.