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PYTHON notes for beginner

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44 views

PYTHON notes for beginner

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ns6115173
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You are on page 1/ 6

give me all the details about python

Sure! Here’s a comprehensive overview of Python:

1. Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and
readability. Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, Python has grown to
be one of the most popular programming languages due to its versatility and ease of use.

2. Key Features of Python

• Simple and Readable Syntax: Python's syntax is clear and concise, making it easy
to learn and write.
• Interpreted Language: Python code is executed line by line, which simplifies
debugging and enhances portability.
• Dynamic Typing: Variables in Python are dynamically typed, meaning you don’t
need to declare their data type explicitly.
• Extensive Standard Library: Python comes with a rich standard library that
supports many common programming tasks.
• Open Source: Python is freely available and its source code can be modified and
distributed.
• Support for Multiple Paradigms: Python supports procedural, object-oriented, and
functional programming styles.

3. Python Data Types

• Numeric Types: int, float, complex


• Sequence Types: list, tuple, range
• Text Type: str
• Boolean Type: bool
• Set Types: set, frozenset
• Mapping Type: dict

4. Basic Syntax

• Print Statement:
python
print("Hello, World!")

• Comments:

python
# Single-line comment
"""
Multi-line comment
"""

5. Variables and Operators

• Variables: Used to store data.

python
x = 10
name = "Alice"

• Operators:
o Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **
o Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
o Logical Operators: and, or, not

6. Control Structures

• If Statements:

python
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
else:
print("x is 5 or less")

• Loops: for and while loops

python
for i in range(5):
print(i)

count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1

7. Functions

• Defining Functions:

python
def greet(name):
return "Hello, " + name

print(greet("Alice"))

8. Data Structures

• Lists: Ordered, mutable collections.

python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[0]) # Output: apple

• Tuples: Ordered, immutable collections.

python
coordinates = (10, 20)
print(coordinates[0]) # Output: 10

• Dictionaries: Collections of key-value pairs.

python
person = {"name": "John", "age": 30}
print(person["name"]) # Output: John

9. Modules and Packages

• Importing Modules:

python
import math
print(math.sqrt(16)) # Output: 4.0

• Creating Packages: Organize modules into packages by placing them in a directory


with an __init__.py file.

10. Exception Handling

• Try-Except Block:

python
try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("You can't divide by zero!")

11. File Handling

• Reading a File:

python
with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
content = file.read()
print(content)

• Writing to a File:

python
with open("file.txt", "w") as file:
file.write("Hello, World!")

12. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Class and Object:

python
class Dog:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

def bark(self):
return "Woof!"

my_dog = Dog("Buddy", 3)
print(my_dog.bark())

13. Libraries and Frameworks

• Popular Libraries:
o NumPy: For numerical computations.
o Pandas: For data manipulation and analysis.
o Matplotlib: For plotting and visualization.
o Requests: For making HTTP requests.
• Web Frameworks:
o Django: A high-level web framework for rapid development.
o Flask: A lightweight web framework.

14. Python Community and Resources

• Official Documentation: docs.python.org


• Online Courses: Coursera, edX, Udemy
• Books: "Automate the Boring Stuff with Python", "Python Crash Course"
• Community Forums: Stack Overflow, Reddit
These are the fundamental concepts and components of Python. As you continue learning,
you'll find Python to be a powerful and versatile language for various applications. Happy
coding!

Feel free to ask if you have any specific questions or need more details on any topic!

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