JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M.Tech. (ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION)

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
I Year – II Semester
Course Title Int. Ext. L P C
marks marks
Core Course IV Industrial Automation 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course V Industrial Data Communications 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course VI Advanced Process Control Instrumentation 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Elective III Advanced Instrumentation Systems 25 75 4 -- 4
Quality and Reliability Engineering
CPLD and FPGA Architectures and Applications
Core Elective IV MEMS and Applications 25 75 4 -- 4
Robotic Design and Control
Advanced Image Processing
Open Elective II Sensors and Actuators 25 75 4 -- 4
Instrumentation Practices in Industries
Multimedia and Signal Coding
Laboratory II Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory 25 75 -- 4 2
Seminar II Seminar 50 -- -- 4 2
Total Credits 24 8 28

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation)

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

UNIT -I:
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): Evolutions of PLCs– Sequential and Programmable
Controllers, Architecture, Communication Networks for PLC, Comparative study of Industrial PLCs.

UNIT -II:
PLC Programming: PLC Programming- Ladder logic, Functional block, Sequential Function Chart,
Structured Text, and Instruction list.

UNIT -III:
SCADA: Hardware and software, Remote terminal units, Master station, Communication architectures
and open SCADA protocols.

UNIT -IV:
Distributed Control System (DCS): Various Architectures– Comparison, Local control unit, Operator
Interface, Displays, Engineering interface, Study of any one DCS available in market, Factors to be
considered in selecting DCS.

UNIT -V:
Advanced Topics in Automation: Study of Distributed Control Systems available in market, Factors to
be considered in selecting DCS, OLE for Process Automation (OPC), Internet of Things, Cloud based
Automation.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. F.D. Petruzella- Programmable Logic Controllers, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, Third Edition, 2010.
2. Michael P. Lukas- Distributed Control Systems: Their Evaluation and Design, VanNostrand Reinhold
Co., 1986.
3. Clarke, G., Reynders, D. and Wright, E.-NPractical Modern SCADA Protocols: DNP3, 60870.5 and
Related Systems, Newnes, 1stEdition, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hughes, T. - Programmable Logic Controllers, ISA Press, 2000.
2. Mc-Millan, G.K. - Process/Industrial Instrument and Controls Handbook, McGraw-Hill, NewYork, 1999.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation)

INDUSTRIAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS

UNIT -I:
RS-232 and RS-485: ISO-OSI model, EIA 232 interface standard, EIA 485 interface standard, EIA 422
interface standard, 20mA current loop, Serial interface converters.

UNIT -II:
Modbus, Data Highway (Plus) and Hart Protocols: MODBUS protocol structure, Function codes,
Troubleshooting, Data highway (Plus) protocol, Review of HART Protocol.

UNIT -III:
AS-Interface(AS-I) and Device Net: AS interface- Introduction, Physical layer, Data link layer and
Operating characteristics.
Device net- Introduction, Physical layer, Data link layer and Application layer.

UNIT -IV:
Profibus PA/DP/FMS and Foundation Fieldbus: Profibus- Introduction, Profibus protocol stack,
Profibus communication model, Communication objects, System operation and Troubleshooting,
Foundation fieldbus versus Profibus.

UNIT -V:
Industrial Ethernet and Wireless Communication: Industrial Ethernet- Introduction, 10Mbps Ethernet
and 100Mbps Ethernet, Radio and wireless communication- Introduction, Components of radio link, The
radio spectrum and frequency allocation and Radio modems, Comparison between various industrial
networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mackay, S., Wrijut, E., Reynders, D. and Park, J. - Practical Industrial Data Networks Design,
Installation and Troubleshooting, Newnes Publication, Elsevier, 1st Edition, 2004.
2. Buchanan, W. - Computer Busses, CRC Press, 2000.
3. Stallings, W. - Wireless Communication and Network, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2005.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation)

ADVANCED PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT -I:
Process Dynamics: Process variables, Load variables, Dynamics of simple pressure, Flow, Level and
temperature process, Interacting and non-interacting systems, Continuous and batch process, Self-
regulation, Servo and Regulator operation, Problems.

UNIT -II:
Control Actions and Controllers and Types of Controllers: Basic control actions, Characteristics of
two position, three position, Proportional, Single speed floating,Integral and Derivative control modes, PI,
PD, PID control modes, Problems, Types of controllers, Pneumatic, Hydraulic and Electronic Controllers
to realize various control actions.

UNIT -III:
Controller Settings and Tuning of Controllers: Evaluation criteria – 1/4th decay ratio, IAE, ISE,ITSE,
ITAE, Determination of optimum settings formathematically described process using time response and
frequency response, Tuning of controller sprocesscurve reaction method, Continuous oscillation method,
Damped oscillation method, Problems.

UNIT -IV:
Final Control Elements and Control Valves: I/P Converter, P/I converter, Pneumatic, electric and
hydraulic actuators, Valve Positioned, Control valves – characteristic of control valves – valve body –
Globe, Butterfly, diaphragm, Ball valves, Control valve sizing, Cavitations, Flashing, Problems.

UNIT -V:
Multiloop Control System: Feed forward control, Ratio control, Cascade control, Split range,
Multivariable control and examples from distillation column, Boiler system and heat exchanger, Plant wide
control issues, Hypothetical plant for plant wide control studies, Internal feedback for material and energy,
Interaction of plant design and control system design, Systematic Procedure for plant wide control system
design, Case Study- The Reactor/Flash Unit plant, Effect of control structure on Closed loop
performance.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Chemical Process Control: An introduction to Theory and Practice– Stephanopoulos, Prentice
Hall,New Delhi, 1999.
2. Process Control– Harriott P., TMH, 1991.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Process Control– Liptak B.G., Chilton,3rd Ed., Book Company, Pennsylvania, 1995.
2. Process Control– Pollard A., Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1971.
3. Automatic Process Control– Eckman D.P. , Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1993.
4. Process Control- Patranabis.
5. Process System Analysis and Control– Coughanowr, McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1991.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Core Elective-III)

ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS

UNIT -I:
Measurement of Process Parameters: Measurement of temperature, pressure, flow and level-
Application,Selection , Calibration
methods.

UNIT -II:
Instruments for Analysis: Ion selective electrodes- Gas & Liquid Chromatography, Oxygen analyzers
for gas and liquid, CO,CO2 , NO and SO Analyzers, Hydrocarbon and H2S Analyzers, Dust, Smoke, Toxic
gasand radiation monitoring.

UNIT -III:
Safety Instrumentation: Introduction to Safety Instrumented Systems, Hazards and Risk, Process
Hazards Analysis (PHA), Safety Life Cycle, Control and Safety Systems, Safety Instrumented Function,
Safety Integrity Level (SIL – Selection, Verification and Validation.

UNIT -IV:
Instrumentation Standards: Instrumentation Standard- Significance of codes and standards, Overview
of various types, Introduction of various Instrumentation standards- Review, interpretation and
significance of specific standards, Examples of usage of standards on specific applications.

UNIT -V:
Documentation in Process Industries: Block Diagram of a Typical Process, Instrumentation Symbols,
Abbreviations and Identification for Instruments- Mechanical Equipment, Electrical Equipment,
Instruments and Automation Systems, Process Flow Diagram (PFD), Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID), Instrument Lists and Specification– Logic Diagrams, Instrument Loop Diagrams, Instrument
Hook-up Diagrams, Location Plans for Instruments, Cable Routing Diagrams, Typical Control/Rack
Rooms Layout, Vendors Documents and Drawings.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.G.Liptak- Instrumentation Engineers Handbook (Process Measurement & Analysis), 4thEdition,
Chilton Book Co., CRC Press, 2005.
2. Al. Sutko, Jerry. D. Faulk- Industrial Instrumentation, Delmar Publishers, 1996.
3. Paul Gruhn, P.E., CFSE and Harry Cheddie. P.E. - Safety Instrumented Systems:Design, Analysis,
and Justification, 2nd Edition, ISA,2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Safety - ANSI/ISA84.00.01-2004, Part 1: Framework, Definitions, System Hardwareand Software
Requirements; ANSI/ISA84.00.01-2004, Part 2: Functional Safety: SafetyInstrumented Systems for
the Process Industry Sector; ANSI/ISA84.00.01-2004, Part 3:Guidance for the Determination of the
Required Safety Integrity Levels-Informative.Standards - ANSI/ISA-75.01.01 -2002 (60534-2-1 Mod):
Flow Equations for Sizingcontrol Valves; ISA84 Process Safety Standards and User Resources,
Second Edition, ISA, 2011;ISA88 Batch Standards and User Resources, 4th Edition, ISA, 2011.
2. Documentation Standards - ANSI/ISA5.4-1991 - Instrument Loop Diagrams;ANSI/ISA5.06.01-2007 -
Functional Requirements Documentation for Control Software Applications; ANSI/ISA20-1981 -
Specification Forms for Process Measurement and Control Instruments, Primary Elements, and
Control Valves.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Core Elective-III)

QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING

UNIT -I:
Elements of Probability Theory Probability Distributions: Random variables, density and distribution
functions, Mathematical expectation, Binominal distribution, Poisson distribution, Normal distribution,
Exponential distribution, Weibull distribution.
Reliability:Definition of Reliability, Significance of the terms appearing in the definition, Component
reliability, Hazard rate, Derivation of the reliability functions in terms of the hazard rate, Hazard models.

UNIT -II:
Failures: Causes of failures, Types of failures (early failures, chance failures and wear-out failures),
Modes of failure, Bath tub curve, Effect of preventive maintenance.
Measures of Reliability: Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF).

UNIT -III:
Reliability Logic Diagrams(reliability block diagrams): Classification of engineering systems- Series,
Parallel, Series-Parallel, Parallel-Series and non-series-parallel configurations (mainly for Electronic
system configurations), Expressions for the reliability of the basic (Electronic Systems) configurations.

UNIT -IV:
Reliability Evaluation of Non-Series-Parallel Configurations (Mainly for Electronic
SystemsConfigurations): Minimal tie-set, Minimal cut-set and decomposition methods, Deduction of the
minimal cut sets from the minimal path sets.
More than Two Components Electronics Systems Reliability Evaluation: Series systems, Parallel
systems with two and more than two components, Network reduction techniques, Minimal cutest / failure
mode approach.

UNIT -V:
Discrete Markov Chains: General modelling concepts, Stochastic transitional probability matrix, Aime
dependent probability evaluation and limiting state probability evaluation, absorbing states (mainly for
Electronic systems).
Continuous Markov Processes: Modelling concepts, State space diagrams, Stochastic Transitional
Probability Matrix, Evaluating limiting state Probabilities, Reliability evaluation of repairable systems
(mainly for Electronic systems).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Reliability Evaluation of Engineering Systems- Roy Billinton and Ronald N Allan, Plenum Press.
2. Reliability Engineering- Elsayed A. Elsayed, Prentice Hall Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Reliability Engineering: Theory and Practice- Alessandro Birolini,Springer Publications.
2. Reliability Engineering- E. Balaguruswamy, TMH Publications.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Core Elective-III)

CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS

UNIT -I:
Programmable Logic: ROM, PLA, PAL PLD, PGA – Features, programming and applications using
complex programmable logic devices Altera series – Max 5000/7000 series and Altera FLEX logic-10000
series CPLD, AMD’s- CPLD (Mach 1to 5), Cypress FLASH 370 Device technology, Lattice PLST’s
architectures – 3000 series –Speed performance and in system programmability.

UNIT -II:
FPGAs: Field Programmable gate arrays- Logic blocks, Routing architecture, Design flow technology
mapping for FPGAs, Case studies XILINX’s XC4000 & ALTERA’s FLEX 8000/10000 FPGAs: AT &T
ORCA’s (Optimized Reconfigurable Cell Array): ACTEL’s ACT-1,2,3 and their speed performance.

UNIT -III:
State Machines: One–hot state machine, Perimeters for state machines-basic concepts, Properties,
Extended petrinets for parallel controllers, Traffic Light Controller, Electrical Aspects of CMOS FPGAs.

UNIT -IV:
Design Process Flows and Software Tools: Design Process Flows and Software Tools-The Software
Toolbox, The FPGA Design Dichotomy, Design Process Flow, The Application Specific Integrated Circuit
Route, Libraries and Design Idioms, Placement, Routing and Wireability.

UNIT -V:
Case Studies: Case studies of parallel adder, Cell parallel adder sequential circuits, Counters,
Multiplexers, Parallel controllers.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Field Programmable Gate Array Technology- S. Trimberger, Edr, 1994, Kluwer Academic
Publications.
2. Field Programmable Gate Arrays- John V.Oldfield, Richard C Dore, Wiley Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Design Using Field Programmable Gate Array- P. K. Chan & S. Mourad, 1994, Prentice Hall.
2. Digital System Design using Programmable Logic Devices– Parag. K. Lala, 2003, BSP.
3. Field Programmable Gate Array- S. Brown, R. J. Francis, J. Rose, Z. G. Vranesic, 2007, BSP.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Core Elective-IV)

MEMS AND APPLICATIONS

UNIT -I:
Introduction to MEMS: MEMS:Use of MEMS, Fabrication process.
The Substrate and adding material to it: Introduction, The silicon substrate, Additive technique-
Oxidation, Additive technique- Physical vapor deposition, Other additive techniques.

UNIT -II:
MEMS Fabrication:
Creating and transferring patterns:Photolithography- Introduction, Keeping it clean,
Photoresist,Working with resist, Masks, Resolution, Permanent resists.
Creating structures-Micromachining:Introduction, Bulk Micromachining processes, Surface
Micromachining, Process Integration.

UNIT -III:
MEMS Transducers-I:
Modelling: Units, The input-output concept, Physical variables and notation, Preface to the modeling
chapters.
MEMS Transducers:An overview-Transducer, Distinguishing between sensors and actuators, Response
characteristics of transducers, MEMS Sensors- Principles of operation, MEMS Actuators- Principles of
operation, Signal conditioning, RF applications and Optical applications.
Piezoresistive Transducers: Introduction, Modeling Piezoresistive transducers, Piezoresistive pressure
sensor.

UNIT -IV:
MEMS Transducers-II:
Capacitive Transducers:Introduction, Capacitor fundamentals, Modeling a capacitor sensor, Capacitive
accelerometer.

UNIT -V:
MEMS Transducers-III:
Piezoelectric Transducers: Introduction, Modeling piezoelectric materials, Mechanical modelling of
beams and plates, Canti-lever piezoelectric actuator.
Thermal Transducers:Introduction,Basic heat transfer, Hot-arm actuator.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introductory MEMS Fabrication and Applications- Adams, Thomas M., Layton, Richard A., Springer.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. MEMS and Microsystems- Design and Manufacture, Tai-Ran Hsu,McGraw-Hill, 2002.
2. MEMS-Applications- Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, CRC Press, 29-Nov-2005.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Core Elective-IV)

ROBOTICS DESIGN AND CONTROL

UNIT -I:
Robot Fundamentals: Definitions, History of robots, Present and future trends in robotics, Robot
classifications,Robot configurations, Point to Point robots, Continuous Path robots, Work volume, Issues
in design and controlling robots Repeatability, Control resolution, Spatial resolution, Precision,Accuracy,
Robot configurations, Point to Point robots, Continuous Path robots, Work volume, Applications of robots,
Drives used in robots- Hydraulic, Pneumatic and Electric drives, Comparison of drive systems and their
relative merits and demerits.

UNIT -II:
Manipulator Kinematics: Matrix Algebra, Inverse of matrices, Rotational groups, Matrix representations
of coordinate transformation, Transformation about reference frame and moving frame Forward & Inverse
Kinematics examples of 2R, 3R & 3P manipulators, Specifying position and orientation of rigid bodies
Euler’s angle and fixed rotation for specifying position and orientation Homogeneous coordinate
transformation and examples D-H representation of kinematics linkages, Forward kinematics of 6R
manipulators using D-H representations, Inverse kinematics of 6R manipulators using D-H
representations, Inverse Kinematics geometric and algebraic methods, Robotics Dynamics Velocity
Kinematics, Acceleration of rigid body, Mass distribution Newton’s equation,Euler’s equation, Iterative
Newton–Euler’s dynamic formulation, Closed dynamic, Lagrangian formulation of manipulator dynamics,
Dynamic simulation, Computational consideration.

UNIT -III:
Trajectory Planning: Introduction, General considerations in path description and generation, Joint
space schemes, Cartesian space schemes, Path generation in runtime, Planning path using dynamic
model, Point to point and continuous trajectory, 4-3-4 &trapezioidal velocity strategy for robots.

UNIT -IV:
Robot Sensors: Internal and external sensors, Position,Potentiometric, Optical sensors, Encoders-
Absolute, Incremental, Touch and slip sensors, Velocity and acceleration sensors, Proximity sensors,
Force& torque sensors, Laser range finder, Camera, Micro-controllers, DSP, Centralized controllers, Real
time operating systems.

UNIT -V:
Robot Controllers Essential components: Drive for Hydraulic and Pneumatic actuators, H-bridge
drives for Dc motor, Overload over current and stall detection methods, Example of a micro-
controller/microprocessor based robot Controller, Micro-robotics and MEMS (Microelectromechanical
Systems), Fabrication technology for Micro-robotics, Stability issue in legged robots, Under-actuated
manipulators.
Robot Vision: Introduction, Image acquisition, Illumination Techniques, Image conversion, Cameras,
Sensors, Camera and system interface, Frame buffers and Grabbers, Image processing, Low level & high
level machine vision systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. S.R.Deb- Robotics Technology and Flexible Automation, Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.
2. M.P.Groover, M. Weiss, R.N. Nagel, N.G. Odrey- Industrial Robotics (Technology,Programming and
Applications), McGraw Hill, 1996.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. K.S.Fu, R.C.Gonzalez and C.S.G.Lee- Robotics: Control, Sensors, Vision and Intelligence, McGraw-
Hill, 1987.
2. J.J.Craig- Introduction to Robotics, Addison Wesley, 1989.
3. Klafter, Richard D., et al-Robotics Engineering,PHI,1996.
4. Zuech,Nello- Applying Machine Vision, John Wiley and Sons, 1988.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Core Elective-IV)

ADVANCED IMAGE PROCESSING

UNIT-I:
Fundamentals Of Digital Image Processing: Elements of visual perception, brightness, contrast,
hue, saturation, mach band effect, 2D image transforms-DFT, DCT, KLT, and SVD. Image
enhancement in spatial and frequency domain, review of morphological image processing

UNIT -II:
Segmentation: Edge detection, Thresholding, Region growing, Fuzzy clustering, Watershed
algorithm, Active contour methods, Texture feature based segmentation, Model based segmentation,
Atlas based segmentation, Wavelet based segmentation methods

UNIT -III:
Feature Extraction: First and second order edge detection operators, Phase congruency, Localized
feature extraction- detecting image curvature, shape features Hough transform, shape skeletonization,
Boundary descriptors, Moments, Texture descriptors- Autocorrelation, Co-occurence features, Run
length features, Fractal model based features, Gabor filter, Wavelet features.

UNIT -IV:
Registration And Image Fusion: Registration- Pre-processing, Feature selection-points, lines,
regions and templates Feature correspondence-point pattern matching, Line matching, region
matching Template matching. Transformation functions-similarity transformation and Affine
Transformation. Resampling- Nearest Neighbour and Cubic Splines
Image Fusion-Overview of image fusion, pixel fusion, Multiresolution based fusion discrete wavelet
transform, Curvelet transform, Region based fusion.

UNIT -V:
3D Image Visualization: Sources of 3D Data sets, Slicing the Data set, Arbitary section planes, The use
of color, Volumetric display , Stereo Viewing, Ray tracing, Reflection, Surfaces, Multiply connected
surfaces, Image processing in 3D, Measurement on 3D images.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. John C. Russ- The Image Processing Handbook, CRC Press, 2007.
2. Mark Nixon, Alberto Aguado- Feature Extraction and Image Processing, Academic Press, 2008.
3. Ardeshir Goshtaby- 2D and 3D Image registration for Medical, Remote Sensing and Industrial
Applications, John Wiley and Sons, 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods- Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education, Inc., Second
Edition, 2004.
2. Anil K.Jain- Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.
3. Rick S.Blum, Zheng Liu- Multisensor Image Fusion and its Applications, Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Open Elective-II)

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS

UNIT -I:
Sensors / Transducers: Principles, Classification, Parameters, Characteristics, Environmental
Parameters (EP), Characterization.
Mechanical and Electromechanical Sensors: Introduction, Resistive Potentiometer, Strain Gauge,
Resistance Strain Gauge, Semiconductor Strain Gauges, Inductive Sensors- Sensitivity and Linearity of
the Sensor, Types- Capacitive Sensors, Electrostatic Transducer, Force/Stress Sensors using Quartz
Resonators, Ultrasonic Sensors.

UNIT -II:
Thermal Sensors: Introduction, Gas thermometric Sensors, Thermal Expansion Type Thermometric
Sensors, Acoustic Temperature Sensor, Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index Thermo-sensors,
Helium Low Temperature Thermometer, Nuclear Thermometer, Magnetic Thermometer, Resistance
Change Type Thermometric Sensors, Thermo-EMF Sensors, Junction Semiconductor Types, Thermal
Radiation Sensors, Quartz Crystal Thermo-electric Sensors, NQR Thermometry, Spectroscopic
Thermometry, Noise Thermometry, Heat Flux Sensors.
Magnetic Sensors: Introduction, Sensors and the Principles Behind, Magneto-resistive Sensors,
Anisotropic Magneto-resistive Sensing, Semiconductor Magneto-resistors, Hall Effect and Sensors,
Inductance and Eddy Current Sensors, Angular/Rotary Movement Transducers, Synchros, Synchro-
resolvers, Eddy Current Sensors, Electromagnetic Flowmeter, Switching Magnetic Sensors, SQUID
Sensors.

UNIT -III:
Radiation Sensors: Introduction – Basic Characteristics – Types of Photosensistors/Photo detectors– X-
ray and Nuclear Radiation Sensors– Fiber Optic Sensors
Electro Analytical Sensors: Introduction – The Electrochemical Cell – The Cell Potential – Standard
Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) – Liquid Junction and Other Potentials – Polarization – Concentration
Polarization-– Reference Electrodes - Sensor Electrodes – Electro ceramics in Gas Media .

UNIT -IV:
Smart Sensors: Introduction, Primary Sensors, Excitation, Amplification, Filters, Converters,
Compensation, Information Coding/Processing, Data Communication, Standards for Smart Sensor
Interface, The Automation.
Sensors Applications: Introduction, On-board Automobile Sensors (Automotive Sensors), Home
Appliance Sensors, Aerospace Sensors, Sensors for Manufacturing, Sensors for environmental
Monitoring.

UNIT -V:
Actuators: Pneumatic and Hydraulic Actuation Systems- Actuation systems, Pneumatic and hydraulic
systems, Directional Control valves, Pressure control valves, Cylinders, Servo and proportional control
valves, Process control valves, Rotary actuators, Mechanical Actuation Systems- Types of motion,
Kinematic chains, Cams, Gears, Ratchet and pawl, Belt and chain drives, Bearings, Mechanical aspects
of motor selection, Electrical Actuation Systems, Electrical systems, Mechanical switches, Solid-state
switches, Solenoids, D.C. Motors, A.C. Motors, Stepper motors.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. D. Patranabis – Sensors and Transducers, PHI Learning Private Limited.
2. W. Bolton– Mechatronics, Pearson Education Limited.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Sensors and Actuators – D. Patranabis – 2nd Ed., PHI, 2013.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Open Elective-II)

INSTRUMENTATION PRACTICES IN INDUSTRIES

UNIT -I:
An Overview of Paper Making Process: Paper making process- Raw materials, Pulp
separation,Screening, Bleaching, Cooking, Chemical reaction, Chippers,Types of digesters, H factor and
Kappa factors, Stock preparation, Instrumentation needs, Energy conservation and paper quality control.

UNIT -II:
Paper Properties and its Measurement: Physical, electrical, optical and chemical properties of paper,
Basic weight, Thickness, Density, Porosity, Smoothness, Softness, Hardness and compressibility, Stress-
strain Relationship, Tensile strength, Bursting strength, Tearing resistance, Folding endurance, Stiffness
and impact strength, Dielectric constant, Dielectric strength, Dielectric loss and Properties of electrical
insulating paper, Brightness, Color, Gloss and capacity, Starch constant acidity and pH - Measurement
techniques.

UNIT -III:
Consistency Measurement: Definition of consistency, Techniques for head box consistency
measurement, Stock consistency measurement and control.
Paper Making Machine: Functioning of Paper making machine- Quality parameters, Moisture, Basic
weight, Caliper, Brightness, Color, Ash content, Strength, Gloss and tensile strength, Parameters
monitoring Instrumentation.

UNIT -IV:
Wet End Instrumentation: Conventional measurements at wet end- Pressure, Vacuum, Temperature,
Liquid density, Specific gravity, Level–flow consistency measurement - pH - ORP measurement,
Freeness measurement.
Dry End Instrumentation Conventional measurements: Moisture, Basis weight, Caliper, coat
thickness, Optical variables, Measurement of length, Speed, Digester, Rotary, Batch type.

UNIT -V:
Pumps and Control Valves: Flow box, Wet end variables, Evaporator feedback, Feed forward control,
Lime mud density control, Stock proportioning system, Refiner control instrumentation, Basic pulper
instrumentation, Head box, Rush/drag control, Instrumentation for size preparation, Coating preparation,
Coating weight control, Batch digester, K/Kappa number control, Bleach plant chlorine stage control.
Control Aspects: Machine and cross direction control technique, Consistency, Moisture and basic weight
control, Dryer control, Computer based control systems, Mill wide control.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sankaranarayanan, P.E.- Pulp and Paper Industries Technology and Instrumentation,Kotharis Desk
book series, 1995.
2. Handbook of Pulp and Paper technology- Britt K.W.VanNostrandReinbold Company, 1970.
3. James P.Casey- Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology, John Wiley and Sons, 1981.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Austin G.T., Shrencs- Chemical Process Industries, McGraw Hill International Student Edition,
Singapore, 1985.
2. John R Lavigne- An Introduction to Paper Industry Instrumentation, Miller Freeman Publications,
California, 1985 Series.
3. Robert J. McGill- Measurement and Control in Paper Making,AdamHilger Limited, Bristol, 1980.
4. John R. Lavigne- Instrumentation Applications for the Pulp and Paper Industry, Miller Freeman
Publications, California, 1990.
5. Liptak, B. G. -Instrument Engineers Handbook, Volume 2, Process Control, Third Edition, CRC press,
London, 1995.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation) (Open Elective-II)

MULTIMEDIA AND SIGNAL CODING

UNIT -I:
Introduction to Multimedia: Multimedia, World Wide Web, Overview of Multimedia Tools, Multimedia
Authoring, Graphics/ Image Data Types, and File Formats.
Color in Image and Video: Color Science– Image Formation, Camera Systems, Gamma Correction,
Color Matching Functions, CIE Chromaticity Diagram, Color Monitor Specifications, Out-of-Gamut Colors,
White Point Correction, XYZ to RGB Transform, Transform with Gamma Correction, L*A*B* Color Model,
Color Models in Images– RGB Color Model for CRT Displays, Subtractive Color- CMY Color Model,
Transformation from RGB to CMY, Under Color Removal- CMYK System, Printer Gamuts, Color Models
in Video, Video Color Transforms, YUV Color Model, YIQ Color Model, YCbCrColor Model.

UNIT -II:
Video Concepts: Types of Video Signals, Analog Video, Digital Video.
Audio Concepts: Digitization of Sound, Quantization and Transmission of Audio.

UNIT -III:
Compression Algorithms:
Lossless Compression Algorithms: Run Length Coding, Variable Length Coding, Arithmetic Coding,
Lossless JPEG, Image Compression.
Lossy Image Compression Algorithms: Transform Coding, KLT And DCT Coding, Wavelet Based
Coding.
Image Compression Standards: JPEG and JPEG2000.

UNIT -IV:
Video Compression Techniques: Introduction to Video Compression, Video Compression Based on
Motion Compensation, Search for Motion Vectors, H.261- Intra-Frame and Inter-Frame Coding,
Quantization, Encoder and Decoder, Overview of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2.

UNIT -V:
Audio Compression Techniques: ADPCM in Speech Coding, G.726 ADPCM, Vocoders, Phase
Insensitivity, Channel Vocoder, Formant Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding, CELP, Hybrid Excitation
Vocoders, MPEG Audio, MPEG Layers, MPEG Audio Strategy, MPEG Audio Compression Algorithms,
MPEG-2 AAC, MPEG-4 Audio.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Multimedia– Ze-Nian Li, Mark S. Drew, PHI, 2010.
2. Multimedia Signals & Systems– Mrinal Kr. Mandal, Springer International Edition, 1st Edition, 2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Multimedia Communication Systems-Techniques, Standards & Networks- K.R. Rao, Zorans. Bojkoric,
Dragorad A.Milovanovic, 1st Edition, 2002.
st
2. Fundamentals of Multimedia- Ze- Nian Li, Mark S.Drew, PE(LPE), 1 Edition, 2009.
3. Multimedia Systems- John F. KoegelBufond Pearson Education (LPE), 1st Edition, 2003.
4. Digital Video Processing – A. Murat Tekalp, PHI, 1996.
5. Video Processing and Communications– Yaowang, JornOstermann, Ya-QinZhang, Pearson, 2002.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech.-I Year-II Sem. (Electronics and Instrumentation)

ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

Note: Total15 Experiments have to be completed atleast 3 from each category using Virtual Instruments.

A. Motion Control and Gear using Virtual Instruments

1. High speed motion control (on-off,PWM)
2. Measurement and processing of sensory data(revolution counter, accelerometer)
3. Automatic control and regulation of rotary speed (PID control)
4. Vibration analysis and diagnostics of gear box
B. Take-off and Landing using Virtual Instruments
1. System modeling and simulation
2. System identification
3. Tracking control and regulation
4. Root locus design
5. Frequency analysis
C. Inverted Pendulum using Virtual Instruments
1. System modeling
2. Parameter estimation
3. Friction compensation
4. Hybrid control /swing up control
5. Non-linear swing up control
D. Robotics using Virtual Instruments
1. Controlling of robot
2. Joint space programming
3. Coordinate space programming
4. Simulation of robot using image processing software
5. Robot programming using vision system
E. HVAC using Virtual Instruments
1. System modeling
2. Relay control design
3. Temperature control
4. PI control design
5. Model Validation

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