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BSC Assignment Answers UT2

MSBTE

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10 views

BSC Assignment Answers UT2

MSBTE

Uploaded by

shaeeratulquadra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Coulonmb's Inverse Square Law


The force F between two charges is
directly proportional to the product
of their charges (91, 42) and
inversely proportional to the square
of the distance (r) between them.
F= k
Here, k=9x 109, Nm'c-2

2. Electric Field Intensity


Calculation
Given:
Charge g = 4.8 x 10°, C, Distance
r= 50 x 10,, m = 5000, m.
Electric field intensity:
E=
E= 9x10(5000)2
x4.8x10-b

E= 1.728, N/C
3. Define Electric Current and SI
Unit
Electric current is the flow of
electric charge through a conductor
per unit time.
SI Unit: Ampere (A).

4. Voltage Across Resistance


Given:
Resistance R= 14, 2, Current
I=5,A.
Voltage V:
V=IR=5x 14 =70, V
5. Laws of Resistance

Series: Total resistance


R, = RË+ Ry + R3 +
"Parallel: Total resistance
1 1 1
+ t ...

6. Conductors, Insulators, and


Semiconductors (Energy Band)

" Conductor: No band gap;


electrons freely move.
" Insulator: Large band gap; no
conduction.

" Semiconductor: Small band gap;


conduction possible under
certain conditions.
7. Biasing of PN Junction Diode

Forward Bias: Current flows;


positive terminal to P, negative to
N.

" Forward Characteristics: Voltage


increases, current increases
exponentially.

8. Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit


Diagram
(Refer to diagram in textbooks: A
diode connected to an AC source
with a load resistor RL).
9. Conversion of Celsius to Kelvin
Formula:K =°C+ 273.15.
Given: 200°C,
K= 200+ 273.15 = 473.15, K.

10. Principle and Construction of


Optical Fiber

" Principle: Total internal


reflection.

Construction: Core (glass),


cladding (low refractive index),
and protective coating.
11. Gas Laws

Boyle's Law: PV= constant (at


constant T).
" Charles's Law: = constant (at
constant P).

Gay-Lussac's Law: COnstant


(at constant V).
1. Types of Oxide Films

" Stable Oxides: Protect the metal


(e.g., Al,0,).
" Unstable Oxides: Decompose
quickly (e.g., Ag,0).
" Porous Oxides: AlloW corrosion
(e.g., Fe,0,).
2. Electroplating and Electrorefining

" Electroplating: Coating a metal


with another metal using
electrolysis.
Electrorefining: Purifying a metal
using electrolysis.
Diagram: (Refer to standard
electrolysis diagrams in
textbooks).
3. Effect of Temperature and pH on
Wet Corrosion

" Temperature: Increases


corrosion rate due to faster
reactions.

pH: Acidic pH accelerates


corrosion, while neutral or
alkaline slows it.

4. Varnish
Varnish is a protective coating made
of resins dissolved in oilor alcohol.
Types:

1. Oilvarnish.
2. Spirit varnish.
5. Thermal Insulator and Examples
Substance that reduces heat
transfer.
Examples: Asbestos, fiberglass.

6. Constituents of Paint

1. Pigment.
2. Binder.

3. Solvent.

4. Additives.
7. Adhesive and Examples
Adhesive: A substance that binds
surfaces together.
Examples: Fevicol, epoxy resin.

8. Primary vs. Secondary Cells

1. Primary: Non-rechargeable (e.g.,


Dry cell).
2. Secondary: Rechargeable (e.g.
Lead-acid battery).
3. Use: Primary for disposable
items; secondary for reuse.
9. Functions of Lubricants

1. Reduces friction.
2. Minimizes wear and tear.

3. Cools moving parts.

10. Mechanism of Atmospheric


Corrosion

Moisture and oxygen react with


metal, forming rust or oxide
layers.
11. Thermoplastics vs.
Thermosetting Polymers

" Thermoplastics: Re-meltable


(e.g., PVc).
" Thermosetting: Non-reversible
(e.g., Bakelite).

12. Purposes of Applying Paint

1. Protection against corrosion.


2. Aesthetic appearance.

3. Surface smoothness.
13. Addition vs. Condensation
Polymerization

1. Addition: Monomers add without


by-products (e.g., Pvc).
2. Condensation: By-products like
water form (e.g., Nylon).

14. Catalytic Promoter and Inhibitor

" Promoter: Enhances catalyst


action (e.g., Molybdenum in
ammonia synthesis).
Inhibitor: Slows reaction (e.g.,
Phosphates in rust prevention).
Pure silver plate

Steel spoon

Electrolyte K[Ag(CN),!
Fig. 11.14 : Electroplating

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