LEADERSHIP

Leadership – can be defined as

both the ability and the process of
influencing others to make them
understand what needs to be done
and to work at their best to
accomplish the shared objectives.
 Two forms of Leadership
Formal Leadership – is influence over
other people because of a person’s appointed
or elected position.
Informal Leadership – is influence
over other people not because of a person’s
position, but due to his or her special skills or
qualities as a person.
 The Nature of Directing
❖ Clear Vision and Objectives. To establish the
organization direction, a leader formulates a
goal or set of objectives for the group or
organization. A leader cultivates the important
attitude of “stick to it” among members to focus
on reaching the goal.
❖ Leader-Follower Relationship. Directing other’s
people behaviors and actions requires developing
and maintaining good working relationships
between the leader and the member.
❖ Influence of Persuasive Power. Power is the
ability to influence other people to do
something that you want them to do. A
leader’s persuasive power may rest on his or
her skills, competence, or specialized
knowledge, this is called Expert Power.
While, a leader’s persuasive power may also
come from his or her positive character or
personality traits that the members admire,
this is called Referent Power.
Traits Perspective on leadership. The
following are five key traits of a
leader:
✓Ambition – a clear sense of what one
wants to achieve in one’s life.
✓Motivation –an inner drive and energy
to accomplish an objective.
✓Honesty – a high sense for truth,
transparency, and integrity.
✓Self-confidence – a strong belief
in one’s inner strengths and
capabilities to get a job done or
to achieve a target goal.
✓High need for Achievement – a
commitment to excel or to reach
a worthy goal.
Behavioral Perspective on Leadership.
Some people tend to think that traits are
important in a leader, but actions are much
more important as basis for leadership. The
behavioral perspective of leaders may point
to the following.
✓ High performance leaders – these
leaders are more productive and have
accomplished a greater number of
concrete outputs or projects.
✓ Low performing leaders - these leaders
produced concrete outputs, but they
have not maximized opportunities to
produce more for the company.

Leadership styles – pertain to those

recurring or relatively consistent patterns
of behavior shown by leaders when they
go about doing their work.
Leadership Grid – is a graphic portrayal of
a framework for classifying leadership
styles.
The following are different leadership
styles based on the leadership grid:
✓ Autocratic style – this refers to the
task management, dictatorial style
depicted in the grid area(9,1). This
highly emphasizes task over people.
✓ Human relations style – this refers to the
country club, collegial style depicted in the
grid area (1,9). This is highly emphasizes
people over task –the exact opposite of
autocratic style.
✓ Laissez-faire style- this refers to the
impoverished managerial style depicted
depicted in the grid area (1,1). This style
has very low concern for task and people, or
“anything goes” style.
✓ Democratic style – this refers to the
team management style de[picted in the
grid area(9,9). This has both high
concern for task and people.
✓ Middle-of-the-road style – this refesrs
to the balancing, middle—of-the-road
managerial style depicted in the grid
area(5,5).
Additional type of Leadership
✓ Charismatic Leadership – this pertains to the
leadership of those exceptional figures whose
personal qualities and abilities make them capable
of having a profound and extraordinary effect on
their followers.
✓ Transactional Leadership – this pertains to a
leader-follower relationship borne out of routine
accomplishment of task and activities in the
workplace. This type of leadership describes the
normal patterns of interactions and exchanges
between a leader and a follower.
✓ Transformational leadership – this
pertains to a leader-follower
relationship that goes beyond routine
accomplishment of tasks and activities,
but widens to a more meaningful
relationship wherein the leader able to
successfully influence the followers to go
beyond their self- interests for the
good of other people.
Informal Leadership
➢ refers to leadership in informal organizations, in
which the highest amount of influence and status
is ascribed to an informal leader.
➢ emerges from the group because of his or her
informal exceptional ability to relate well with
other members of the group.
➢ Is important in ensuring workers to have someone
whom they could trust to explain what is going on
to the company especially when there are major
organizational chages such as merger.
 Communication and Coordination
Communication- is defined as the
process of sending and receiving a
message that contains a meaning and
purpose intended for a specific
audience.The process of communication
is an essential function of managers
who are tasked with leadership roles.
Elements of Communication
❖ Sender – pertains to a person or group
of persons as the source of an idea that
is intended to be conveyed or delivered
to another person or group of persons.
The sender encodes his or her idea into
words, gestures, symbols, or signs that
form into a message that can be
understood by the other person.
❖Message- is the specific idea that the
sender wants to transmit to the
receiver. This purpose may be to inform,
to explain, to persuade, to inquire from,
to ask favor, to request, to command or
other specific intent.
❖Channel- is the method or medium for
transmitting the message that is chosen
by the sender. Bulletin boards is one of
the communication channel.
❖ Receiver- pertains to the target audience of
the message transmitted by them sender.
The receiver may be a person or group
persons that decodes the message the
sender wants to communicate.
❖ Effect – is the intended outcome or result
that the sender has in mind for transmitting
the message.this information about the
effect that is communicated back to the
sender is called Feedback.
 Barriers of Communication
The Barriers of Communication may be physical or
personal:
✓ Physical Barriers- are elements in the
environment that impede the communication
process. These may come in many forms, such as
loud noise that distracts the attention of
receiver, the physical walls that separate the
sender and the receiver, the distance between
sender and receiver, an impaired hearing
capability of the receiver, or a physical
interference due to natural disasters.
✓ Personal Barriers- are those elements that
prevent the transmission of the message due
to the person’s moods, emotions, and
personal background. A person who does not
feel energetic in the early in the morning
may be difficult to communicate with. An
angry person may not clearly understand a
particular message if his or her thinking
process becomes clouded as a result of his
or her emotional state.
 Directing people to nonverbal and verbal
communication
❑ Nonverbal Communication- pertains to facial
expressions, body movements, eye contact,
and other subtle physical signs that reveal
some inner feelings or emotional state of a
person. Nonverbal communications reveal
hidden sentiments of human beings, such as
anger, anxiety, joy, doubt, sadness, fear
and sarcasm.
❑ Verbal Communication- pertains to oral and
written communication. Managers need to be
proficient in verbal communicationto be
effective in giving instructions, explaining
policies, or promoting products and services.
An important point in verbal communication is
ACTIVE LISTENING, which helps both the
sender and receiver of a message. ACTIVE
LISTENING pertains to the ability of a
person to be sensitive to the content and
purpose of the message being said.
The following are some tips in ACTIVE
LISTENING:
✓ Remain attentive to the person speaking
✓ Give feedback to acknowledge the
person speaking to indicate that you
understand his or her point, or agree
with what he or she is saying, such as
by nodding your head or saying ‘yes’ rom
time to time.
✓Do not interrupt the person speaking; let him or
her finish his or her sentence.
✓Ask questions politely if something in what the
person said is not clear.
Social Media – pertains to using rapid and
widespread communications with the aid of digital
technology.
The following is are some important guidelines in
using social media in the workplace:
✓Do not post anything immoral, unethical, and
invasive against the privacy and dignity of the
other people.
✓Do not post anything that would create a negative
image of your company or institution.
✓Do not use facebook during office hours for
personal use.

Coordination – is linking with the separate units

of an organization for the purpose of achieving a
shared objective.
- is a challenging task for managers
specially if there are huge differences in people’s
work schedules,responsibilities, and personalities.
THANK YOU!!