English Literature

“Literary Criticism”

Lecture

Awliya Rahmi, S.Hum

Lutfi muafik akbari

13020311055

English Department

Class B

SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

YPM BANGKO

ACADEMIC YEARS 2014/2015

 “The lord of the ring”

Nama pengarang :

j. R. R. Tolkien

1. Genre : fantasy
2. Theme : Advanture, Friendship, Fight , knight.
3. Characters
a. Major characters: frodo baggins.
b. Minor characters: sam gamgee, gandalf, merry (meriadoc brandybuck),
pippin (Peregrin Took), legolas, gimli, boromir, aragorn, sauron, gollum,
saruman, bilbo baggins. theoden, eomer, faramir, denethor, galadriel,
elrond, arwen, tom bombadil, gwaihir, treebeard, shadowfax, shelob, rose
cotton, lotho baggins, wormtongue, barliman butterbur, fatty bolger.

4. Characteristic s
1. Frodo baggins (protagonis)
the adopted heir of bilbo baggins. Frodo is chosen to destroy the ring, and in
the course of this mission, he proves to be a brave and intelligent leader. It
is because of frodo that peace and happiness are once more restored to
middle-earth.
2. Sam gamgee (protagonis)
the son of ham gamgee and frodo’s inquisitive gardener. Sam turns out to be
one of the crucial characters in the success of the quest. Not only does he
accompany frodo, he also risks his own life for frodo. Sam is good-natured
and content.
3. Gandalf (protagonis)
a wizard who guides the inhabitants of middle-earth in their assault against
sauron. He is the most important advisor frodo has in his fight against evil.
4. Merry (protagonis)
one of four hobbits who accompany frodo on his quest. He plays an
important part in the quest, helping eowyn to kill the lord of the nazguls. He
pledges life-long service to theoden, king of the mark, and helps restore
order to the world.
5. Pippin (protagonis)
another hobbit who is indispensable to the quest. His impulsive and
inquisitive nature makes him look into one of the seeing stones. By doing
this he unknowingly saves gandalf from being revealed to sauron. He offers
his services to denethor, steward of gondor, and his valiant fighting in the
war earns him a knighthood.
6. Legolas (protagonis)
a representative of the elves who goes on the quest.
7. Gimli (protagonis)
a valiant dwarf and close friend of legolas.
8. Boromir (protagonis)
the elder and more loved son of denethor. The power of the ring corrupts
him but he is redeemed in his death.
9. Aragorn (protagonis)
known as strider as well as elessar, he is the rightful king and heir of isildur
of gondor. He is a close friend to gandalf and to frodo, and is instrumental
in destroying the ring and defeating sarumon and sauron.
10. Sauron (antagonis)
the dark lord of mordor. He is the principal source of evil in the novel and
covets the ring, by which he longs to conquer the world.
11. Gollum (antagonis)
also known as smeagol. Gollum was once an ordinary hobbit, but he
became obsessed with the ring. He killed his best friend to get the ring, then
became evilly obsessed with getting the ring back at all cost.
12. Saruman (antagonis)
one of the wizards of the white council, he is corrupted by his own power
and becomes a force of evil in the novel.
13. Bilbo baggins (protagonis)
the principle hero of the hobbit. He is frodo’s mentor and benefactor.
14. Theoden(protagonis)
valiant king of rohan, he is killed by the nazgul lord in battle. He appoints
eomer, his nephew, as heir upon his death.
15. Eomer (protagonis)
the brother of eowyn and future king. Also, one of the officers of the
rohirrim.
16. Faramir (protagonis)
the second son of denethor, steward of gondor. He is honest and just but his
father grows angry with him for not bringing the ring back to gondor.
Faramir, like is name, is fair-minded.
17. Denethor (antagonis)
steward of gondor, father of boromir and faramir. Denethor is corrupted by
lust for the ring. He kills himself in madness and grief.
18. Galadriel (protagonis)
queen of lothlorien. She helps frodo and his companions greatly by
providing them with supplies throughout their journey.
19. Elrond (protagonis)
an elf who established rivendell against sauron. He is the father of arwen
 and caretaker of aragorn. He accompanies bilbo, frodo, gandalf and
galadriel into the blessed realm.
20. Arwen (protagonis)
the granddaughter of galadriel, sister to elladan and elrohir, daughter of
elrond. She gives up her immortality to wed aragorn.
21. Tom bombadil (protagonis)
the master of wood, water and hills. Tom bombadil can take any shape or
form, but is usually seen as a bear. He rescues the hobbits from the clutches
of evil spirits called barrow-wights and is generally a content and
benevolent creature.
22. Gwaihir (protagonis)
the lord of the eagles who he rescues gandalf from orthanc (and helped
bilbo in the hobbit.
23. Treebeard (protagonis)
the oldest living thing on middle-earth and the leader of the ents. He helps
in the capture and defeat of saruman.
24. Shadowfax (protagonis)
gandalf’s horse, who is loyal and as fast as the wind.
25. Shelob (antagonis)
a wicked old spider who is even older than sauron. She stings frodo but is
wounded badly by sam.
26. Rose cotton (protagonis)
daughter of former cotton. She eventually marries sam and bears him
thirteen children, including elanor.
27. Lotho baggins (antagonis)
the self-appointed chief of hobbiton and secret ally of saruman.
Wormtongue murders him in his sleep.
28. Wormtongue (antagonis)
the evil adviser and counselor of king theoden who is revealed as wicked. In
the end he murders saruman in an attempt to protect himself.
29. Barliman butterbur (protagonis)
the innkeeper of the prancing pony. He serves as a messenger between
gandalf and the hobbits.
30. Fatty bolger (protagonis)
frodo’s friend who stays behind at crickhollow to provide a diversion for the
black riders. Lotho imprisons him.

5. Mahluk dalam Novel The Lord of the ring

a. Barrow-wight : Makhluk ini merupakan kombinasi dari bahasa Inggris
kuno: "wight" yang berarti makhluk, siluman, roh. Barrow berarti
kuburan. Dalam "Legendarium" mereka disebut sebagai pengikut
Sauron. Tempat yang dinamai Barrow-Downs merupakan tanah kuburan
 nenek moyang orang-orang Numenorian. Setelah kehancuran kerajaan
mereka di Arnor, raja penyihir dari Angmar memerintahkan supaya
mereka menjaga kuburan itu dan tempat itu menjadi angker.
b. Dunadane: The Man of Westernesse, Numanorians : Konon mereka
adalah tiga suku yang membantu para Elves memerangi Morgoth di
zaman pertama. Dari orang-orang inilah lahir Elrond dan Elros.
c. Kurcaci : Mereka senang membuat barang-barang tempaan, dan tinggal
di dalam gua-gua yang mereka gali di gunung-gunung. Yang paling
terkenal adalah Durin, raja yang pertama dan terkaya. Kerajaannya
bernama Khazad-dum
d. Elf : Mereka adalah makhluk ciptaan pertama di dalam "Legendarium".
Disebut "Eldar": anak-anak bintang. Mereka adalah Immortal yang
berarti abadi. Elrond merupakan keturunan ras ini.
e. Hobbit : Hobbit juga disebut "Halfling" dan nama elvishnya adalah
Perianath. Mereka adalah orang-orang yang berukuran kecil, lebih kecil
dari dwarves. Mereka mempunyai kaki yang tebal dan keras serta
berbulu. Frodo, Bilbo, Pippin dan Merry merupakan hobit yang berasal
dari Shire.
f. Nazgul, ring-wraiths, Ulerie : Mereka adalah manusia yang dulunya
memakai cincin-cincin buatan Sauron. Hidup mereka diperpanjang
sampai mereka tak kuat lagi dan akhirnya menghilang ke alam maya
dimana kekuatan Sauron selalu menguasai mereka.
g. Orks, goblin : Makhluk ini berasal dari berbagai kepercayaan kuno di
Inggris dan Saxony. Dalam "Legendarium" mereka adalah makhluk
ciptaan Morgoth (iblis) sebagai cemoohnya terhadap Elves dan manusia.
Mereka senang tinggal di tempat-tempat gelap, dan merupakan musuh
semua makhluk lain.
h. Uruk-Hai : Sebenarnya mereka adalah Orks yang diciptakan Sauron
namun disempurnakan oleh Saruman. Uruk-hai, yang digambarkan
sebagai ork hitam yang sangat besar dan mempunyai kekuatan yang luar
biasa.
i. Ents : Makhluk ini diciptakan oleh Eru atas permohonan Seorang Valar,
Yavanna setelah dia mengetahui bahwa Dwarves akan menebang pohon-
pohon hasil ciptaannya. Ents membalas dendam terhadap Saruman yang
menduduki Isengard ketika mereka tahu sifat Asli Saruman.
j. Penyihir : Untuk mengalahkan Sauron, Valar mengirimkan Curumo
Saruman, (Morinehtar) Alatar, Olórin Gandalf, Radagast Aiwendil,
(Rómestámo) Pallando. Mereka Dilarang Untuk menguasai Middle-
Earth. Di Lord of The Rings, hanya Saruman dan Gandalf yang
dibicarakan.

6. Setting
 a. Place: Middle-earth (The shire, Misty mountain, rivendell, mount doom,
di bree, prancing pony, loud water river, orthanc at sengard, moria,
khazad dum bridge, lothhorien anduin river,fal of rousros, mordor, in
rohan).
b. Time: The third age of Middle-earth.

7. Conflict
a. The first conflict: the major conflict is the battle for middle-earth
between its diverse inhabitants, including humans, elves, dwarves,
hobbits, and wizards, and the dark forces of sauron.
b. Rising of conflict: the war for middle-earth is largely fought on
traditional battlefields between two opposing armies, but the real battle is
fought within the hearts of its inhabitants. Symbolizing this internal
struggle is frodo’s quest to destroy the ring of power, which can be
accomplished only if he is able to withstand the great temptation the ring
represents.
c. Climax: the climax of the film occurs at mount doom, as frodo debates
whether to let the ring fall into the fires that created it, thereby destroying
it, or to keep the ring for himself.
d. Falling of conflict: the falling action is long and drawn out and includes
sam and frodo’s rescue from the lava-drenched plains of mordor, frodo’s
convalescence, the coronation of aragorn, the hobbits’ return to the shire,
and the departure of frodo, bilbo, and gandalf with the elves.
e. The result: the outcome is still fraught with tension. Though sauron has
been defeated, the shire is destroyed. Sarumon is still wreaking havoc
disguised as sharkey, and frodo and his friends are still wounded from
battle. The outcome is the gradual recovery of the travelers, the rebuilding
of the shire, the defeat of sarumon, and the retirement of frodo. Just as the
novel opens with bilbo passing his legacy down to frodo, it closes with
frodo doing the same to sam. The final vision is of the new generation,
sam’s daughter, and the hope for the future.

8. Symbols
a. Water: Throughout The Lord of the Rings, water serves as a lifesaving
force for the good beings of Middle-earth. Gandalf and Aragorn are saved
from death after long falls when they land in bodies of water. When Arwen
races to Rivendell on horseback with a badly injured Frodo, she escapes the
pursuing ringwraiths when they are flooded by water. Similarly, Saruman's
tower loses its power when its plain is flooded. Water also suggests the
afterlife. The elves depart Middle-earth on a boat and sail out to a great
body of water. When Boromir dies, his dead body is placed on a pyre and
 sent down a river. Although he is dead, this journey suggests that he will
live on in the memory of others.
b. The Ring: The ring is the center of the trilogy, and it gains multiple,
changeable meanings as Frodo’s journey proceeds. Created by the evil
Sauron, it is at first synonymous with its maker’s evil power. Those who
encounter the ring are overcome with longing for power over others, and the
ring could give more power to Sauron. For all, the ring suggests the
dangerous urges that lurk even in the most pure-hearted beings of Middle-
earth. It also suggests slavery and weakness, since whoever gives in to the
temptation of the ring becomes a slave to it. Gollum is an example of what
happens physically when one succumbs to the ring. Man, too, is weak, and
Isildur failed to destroy the ring in Mordor. The fact that weakness affects
every race of Middle-earth shows the extent of the ring’s power. the ring
symbol of hope and good.
c. Mount Doom: Mount Doom is both the birthplace of the ring and the place
where it can be destroyed. This is Frodo’s ultimate destination, and it also
presents him with his greatest challenge. Destroying the ring is in many
ways more difficult than reaching Mount Doom, and twice we see
characters fail when faced with the task. Isildur, after defeating Sauron’s
armies, enters the fiery mountain intending to destroy the ring, but at the last
moment he turns back and decides to keep it for himself. When Frodo
brings the ring to Mount Doom, he, too, intends to destroy it, but like
Isildur, he decides at the last minute to keep it. Though the ring is ultimately
destroyed after Frodo and Gollum’s struggle for it, Frodo did not let it go on
his own. Though he passes many tests on his journey, Frodo fails in this
final test at Mount Doom. Mount Doom in this case suggests the darkness
and weakness that exists even in the most pure-hearted, a lure so powerful
that even the most determined voyager needs additional help to resist
temptation. Mount Doom also marks the furthest Frodo gets from the
security and familiarity of the Shire. He is as out of.

9. Point of view

The writer usses a third person perspective.

10.Plot

11.Language Style
12.Amanat

Sahabat akan selalu ada disaat kita membutuhkan bahkan tanpa kita
memintanya sekalipun. Apapun halangan yang menghadang kita, jika kita tetap
pada pendirian dan komitmen kita, kita akan selalu dapat menghadapinya.
Pengorbanan yang bertujuan baik akan membuahkan hasil yang lebih baik.

13.Kelebihan Novel

Kelebihan dari buku ini adalah banyak mengandung kiasan-kiasan sehingga

kita dapat bermain dengan imajinasi dan berfantasi dengan pikiran kita. Di awal
buku ini dijelaskan mengenai pengenalan para hobbit dan apa yang terjadi
sebelumnya dengan lengkap dan jelas, sehingga kita tidak perlu bingung dan
bertanya-tanya tentang apa yang terjadi di buku sebelumnya.

14.Kelemahan Novel

Kelemahan buku ini hampir tidak ditemukan, menurut saya buku ini nyaris
mendekati sempurna. Tetapi ada sedikit bahasa yang asing ditelingan kita
seperti kelakar. Tapi itu tidak sampai 1% dari kekurangan buku.