Hindi A (1)

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CBSE EXAM 2025 30 Sets

Class : 10th
Sub : Hindi A
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CBSE 10th fganh v izfrn'kZ iz'ui= 1 Page 1
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 1
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
fgUnh&v ¼dksM&002½
fu/kkZfjr le; % 3 ?kaVs vf/kdre vad % 80
lkekU; funsZ'k %
fuEufyf[kr funsZ'kksa dks cgqr lko/kkuh ls if<+, vkSj mudk l[rh ls vuqikyu dhft, %
yy bl Á'ui= esa dqy 15 Á'u gSaA lHkh Á'u vfuok;Z gSaA
yy bl Á'ui= esa dqy pkj [kaM gSa& d] [k] x] ?kA
yy [kaM&d esa dqy 2 Á'u gSa] ftuesa miÁ'uksa dh la[;k 10 gSA
yy [kaM&[k esa dqy 4 Á'u gSa] ftuesa miÁ'uksa dh la[;k 20 gSA fn, x, funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs gq,
16 miÁ'uksa ds mÙkj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
yy [kaM&x esa dqy 5 Á'u gSa] ftuesa miÁ'uksa dh la[;k 20 gSA
yy [kaM+&?k esa dqy 4 Á'u gSa] lHkh Á'uksa ds lkFk muds fodYi Hkh fn, x, gSaA
yy Á'uksa ds mÙkj fn, x, funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs gq, fyf[k,A
[kaM&d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

1. fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj ml ij vk/kkfjr iwNs x, Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 7
vktdy fo'o ds dÃ ns'kksa esa Hkkjrh; elkys okyh nky dk Lokn yksxksa dks cgqr ilan vk jgk gSA
elkyksa ls Hkjiwj ;g nky u dsoy Lokfn"V gksrh gS] cfYd LokLF; ds fy, Hkh ykHkdkjh ekuh tkrh gSA
Hkkjr esa fofHkUu çdkj dh nkysa çkphu dky ls gh mi;ksx dh tkrh jgh gSa vkSj çR;sd {ks= esa bldh
fo'ks"krk vyx gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa ewax] elwj] vjgj vkSj mM+n tSlh çeq[k nkysa iSnk gksrh gSaA nkyksa esa
çksVhu] foVkfeu vkSj feujYl dh Hkjiwj ek=k gksrh gS] ftlls ;g 'kkdkgkjh yksxksa ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ
vkgkj cu tkrh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us nkyksa ds mRiknu dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, dÃ ;kstuk,a ykxw dh
gSa] rkfd ns'k esa vkRefuHkZjrk c<+s vkSj fons'kksa ij fuHkZjrk de gksA
la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk us Hkkjr dh igy ij 2016 dks ^varjjk"Vªh; nygu o"kZ* ?kksf"kr fd;k FkkA
bl igy dk mís'; yksxksa dks nkyksa ds ikSf"Vd xq.kksa ds çfr tkx:d djuk vkSj buds mRiknu esa
o`f) ds fy, oSf'od Lrj ij ç;klksa dks çksRlkfgr djuk FkkA nkyksa ds vkS"kèkh; xq.kksa vkSj i;kZoj.k
ds vuqdwy mRiknu dh otg ls bls ^gfjr [kk|* dk ntkZ fn;k x;k gSA nky dh [ksrh ls u dsoy
iks"k.k dh t:jrsa iwjh gksrh gSa] cfYd ;g Hkwfe dh mitkÅ {kerk dks Hkh cuk, j[kus esa lgk;d gksrh
gSA Hkkjr esa nky mRiknu djus okys çeq[k jkT; eè; çns'k] mÙkj çns'k] jktLFkku] egkjk"Vª vkSj
dukZVd gSaA eè; çns'k dks *Hkkjr dk nky dk dVksjk* dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;gka nkyksa dk lcls T;knk
mRiknu gksrk gSA nky mRiknu ,d Je vkèkkfjr m|ksx gS] tgk¡ Qly dh ns[kHkky vkSj dVkÃ ds
fy, cM+h la[;k esa Jfedksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA nky dh [ksrh ls yk[kksa fdlkuksa vkSj Jfedksa dh
vkthfodk tqM+h gqÃ gSA
Page 2 izfrn'kZ iz'ui= 1 NODIA
¼d½ dFku ¼A½ vkSj dkj.k ¼R½ dks i<+dj mi;qä fodYi pqfu, %
dFku ¼A½ % la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk us 2016 dks ^varjjk"Vªh; nygu o"kZ* ?kksf"kr fd;k FkkA
dkj.k ¼R½ % nkyksa ds ikSf"Vd xq.kksa vkSj i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy mRiknu ds dkj.k bUgsa gfjr [kk| dk
ntkZ fn;k x;k gSA
i. dFku ¼A½ xyr gS] fdUrq dkj.k ¼R½ lgh gSA
ii. dFku ¼A½ vkSj dkj.k ¼R½ nksuksa gh xyr gSaA
iii. dFku ¼A½ lgh gS vkSj dkj.k ¼R½ dFku ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
iv. dFku ¼A½ lgh gS fdUrq dkj.k ¼R½ dFku ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k ugÈ gSA
¼[k½ **Hkkjr esa nkysa yksdfç; gSa D;ksafd–
dFku ds fy, mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft, %
I- buesa çksVhu vkSj foVkfeu dh Hkjiwj ek=k gksrh gSA
II- ;g lLrh vkSj vklkuh ls miyCèk gksrh gSaA
III- budk Lokn vPNk gksrk gSA
IV- buls Hkwfe dh mitkÅ {kerk cuh jgrh gSA
fodYi–
i. dFku I vkSj II lgh gSaA
ii. dFku I] II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iii. dsoy dFku III lgh gSA
iv. dFku I] II] III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
¼x½ uhps fn, gq, d‚ye 1 dks d‚ye 2 ls lqesfyr dj lgh fodYi dk p;u dhft, %
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k nky mRiknd jkT; 1- mÙkj çns'k
II Hkkjr esa nwljk lcls cM+k nky mRiknd jkT; 2- eè; çns'k
III Hkkjr esa nky dh [ksrh dk egRoiw.kZ jkT; 3- jktLFkku
i. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼2½] II ¼3½] III ¼1½
¼?k½ pk; ds mRiknu vkSj foi.ku c<+kus esa ^varjjk"Vªh; nygu o"kZ* dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\
¼³½ nky mRiknu ,d Je vkèkkfjr m|ksx gS– dSls\
2. fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwod Z i<+dj ml ij vk/kkfjr iwNs x, Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 7
uhyk vkdk'k] lQsn cknyksa ds lax rSjrk gqvk]
èkjrh ds Åij QSyk FkkA
ioZrksa dh pksfV;k¡ cQZ dh lQsnh ls <dh FkÈ]
vkSj uhps cgrh unh dh ygjsa]
gYdh èkwi esa ped jgh FkÈA
isM+ksa dh gjh 'kk[kk,¡ gok esa >we jgh FkÈ]
vkSj i{kh vius xhrksa ls okrkoj.k esa eèkqjrk ?kksy jgs FksA
;g –'; u dsoy vka[kksa dks lqdwu nsrk Fkk]
cfYd eu dks Hkh ,d vn~Hkqr 'kkafr ls Hkj nsrk FkkA
unh fdukjs cgrk gqvk ty]
ç—fr dh lthork dk çrhd FkkA
;g 'kkafriw.kZ –'; fdlh fp= dh rjg çrhr gksrk Fkk]
tgk¡ gj jax vkSj gj rRo
thou dk ,d fo'ks"k lans'k ns jgk FkkA
euq"; bl lqanjrk esa [kksdj viuh lHkh Çprkvksa dks Hkwy tkrk gS]
vkSj og ç—fr ds lkFk ,d vuks[ks lacaèk dk vuqHko djrk gSA
;g –'; thou ds gj d"V vkSj dfBukÃ ls nwj
,d 'kkafr vkSj vkuan dk vuqHko djkrk FkkA
&lqfe=kuanu iar
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl çk—frd –'; dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
i. ufn;ksa dk –';
ii. ioZrksa dk –';
iii. taxyksa dk –';
iv. vkdk'k dk –';
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ç—fr ds fdu rRoksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,%
I. lQsn cQZ ls <dh ioZr dh pksfV;k¡A
II. isM+ksa dh 'kk[kk,¡ gok esa >we jgh FkÈA
III. i{kh vius eèkqj xhr xk jgs FksA
IV. unh dh ygjsa èkwi esa ped jgh FkÈA
fodYi%
iii. dFku I] III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
¼x½ dFku ¼A½ vkSj dkj.k ¼R½ dks i<+dj mi;qä fodYi pqfu,%
dFku ¼A½ % isM+ dh 'kk[kk,¡ gok esa >we jgh FkÈA
dkj.k ¼R½ % ;g –'; lqcg dk Fkk] tc lwjt viuh igyh fdj.ksa èkjrh ij QSyk jgk FkkA
i. dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa gh xyr gSaA
ii. dFku (A) xyr gS] fdUrq dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
iii. dFku (A) lgh gS vkSj dkj.k (R) dFku (A) dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
iv. dFku (A) lgh gS] fdUrq dkj.k (R) dFku (A) dh lgh O;k[;k ugÈ gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ç—fr ds dkSu ls rRo dfo dks fo'ks"k :i ls çHkkfor djrs gSa\
¼³½ ç—fr ds bl –'; dk euq"; ds thou ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\
[kaM&[k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

3. funsZ'kkuqlkj ^jpuk ds vk/kkj ij okD; Hksn* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa
ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 4#1 = 4
¼d½ ewÆrdkj us lquk vkSj tokc fn;kA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ ,d lky igys cus d‚yst esa 'khyk vxzoky dh fu;qfä gqÃ FkhA ¼la;qä okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ dsoV us dgk fd fcuk ik¡o èkks, vkidks uko ij ugÈ p<+kÅ¡xkA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk
Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ dk'kh esa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d çkphu ,oa vn~Hkqr ijaijk gSA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ vius vkRedF; ds ckjs esa eUuw HkaMkjh us mu O;fDr;ksa vkSj ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS tks muds
ys[kdh; thou ls tqM+s gSaA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
4. funsZ'kkuqlkj ôkP;* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 4 # 1 = 4
¼d½ ebZ eghus esa 'khyk vxzoky dks dkWyst okyksa us uksfVl Fkek fn;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ mlds }kjk fxus&pqus Ýse usrkth dh ewfrZ ij fQV dj fn, tkrs gSaA ¼drZòkP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ euq"; us lqÃ&èkkxs dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ Hkksj esa yksxksa ls ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk xhr ugha lquk x;kA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ dr`ZokP; esa fdldh iz/kkurk gksrh gS\
5. funsZ'kkuqlkj în ifjp;* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds js[kkafdr inksa dk
in&ifjp; fyf[k,& 4#1 = 4
¼d½ Mªkboj us tksj ls czsd ekjsA
¼[k½ ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rkt+s+ [khjs dh ifu;krh Qk¡ds ns[kdj eq¡g esa ikuh [kwc vk jgk
Fkk ysfdu os budkj dj pqds FksA
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr e¡>ksys dn ds xksjs&fpV~Vs vkneh FksA
¼?k½ ekuo dks balku cukuk vR;ar dfBu dk;Z gS ysfdu vlaHko ughsaA
¼³½ lwjnkl us lwjlkxj dh jpuk dhA
6. funsZ'kkuqlkj ^vyadkj* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa dh js[kkafdr dkO;
iafDr;ksa esa vyadkj igpku dj fyf[k,& 4#1 = 4
¼d½ dgha lk¡l ysrs gks ?kj&?kj Hkj nsrs gksA
¼[k½ cky dYiuk ds&ls ikysA
¼x½ vuqjkfxuh m"kk ysrh Fkh] fut lqgkx eèkqek;k esaA
¼?k½ ikuh ijkr ds gkFk Nq;ks uÇg uSuu ds tylks ix èkks,A
¼³½ izhfr&unh esa ik¡m u cksj;ksA
[kaM&x 30
¼ikB~; iqLrd ,oa iwjd ikB~; iqLrd½
7. fuEufyf[kr ifBr x|ka'k ij vk/kkfjr cgqfodYih; Á'uksa ds lokZf/kd mi;qDr mÙkj okys fodYi
pqudj fyf[k,& 5#1 = 5
ikuokys ds fy, ;g ,d etsnkj ckr Fkh ysfdu gkynkj lkgc ds fy, pfdr vkSj æfor djus okyhA
;kuh og Bhd gh lksp jgs FksA ewÆr ds uhps fy[kk êwÆrdkj ekLVj eksrhyky* okdÃ dLcs dk vè;kid
FkkA cspkjs us eghus&Hkj esa ewÆr cukdj iVd nsus dk oknk dj fn;k gksxkA cuk Hkh yh gksxh ysfdu
iRFkj esa ikjn'kÊ p'ek dSls cuk;k tk,] dk¡pokyk ;g r; ugÈ dj ik;k gksxkA ;k dksf'k'k dh gksxh
vkSj vlQy jgk gksxkA ;k cukrs&cukrs ^dqN vkSj ckjhdh* ds pôj esa p'ek VwV x;k gksxkA ;k iRFkj
dk p'ek vyx ls cukdj fQV fd;k gksxk vkSj og fudy x;k gksxkA
¼d½ gkynkj lkgc ds fy, dkSu lh ckr pfdr djus okyh Fkh\
dFku ds fy, mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,&
I. ewÆrdkj ekLVj eksrhyky dk uke ns[kdjA
II. ewÆr dk p'ek VwV x;k FkkA
III. ewÆr dk ikjn'kÊ p'ek ugÈ cu ik;k FkkA
IV. ikuokys us ewÆr dk ftØ fd;kA
fodYi%
ii. dFku I, III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iv. dFku I, II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
¼[k½ dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) dks i<+dj mi;qDr fodYi pqfu,%
dFku (A) : ewÆrdkj ekLVj eksrhyky us ewÆr le; ij rS;kj dhA
dkj.k (R) : iRFkj dk ikjn'kÊ p'ek cukuk laHko ugÈ gks ldk FkkA
fodYi%
i. dFku (A) xyr gS] fdUrq dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
ii. dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa gh xyr gSaA
iv. dFku (A) lgh gS fdUrq dkj.k (R) dFku (A) dh lgh O;k[;k ugÈ gSA
¼x½ ewÆrdkj ekLVj eksrhyky us ewÆr esa fdl ckr dh otg ls dfBukÃ dk lkeuk fd;k\
i. ewÆr dk vkdkj r; djus esaA
ii. ewÆr ds diM+s cukus esaA
iii. ewÆr ds p'es dks iRFkj ls cukus esaA
iv. ewÆr dk psgjk cukus esaA
¼?k½ fdl ?kVuk us gkynkj lkgc dks æfor dj fn;k\
i. ewÆr dk vlQy fuekZ.kA
ii. ewÆrdkj dk dLcs dk vè;kid gksukA
iii. ewÆrdkj dk p'ek lgh ls u cuk ikukA

iv. ikuokys dh ckrsa lquukA
¼³½ bl x|ka'k dk ewy Hkko D;k gS\ mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,&
I. ewÆrdkj ekLVj eksrhyky ds ifjJe dks n'kkZukA
II. gkynkj lkgc dh Hkkoukvksa dks n'kkZukA
III. p'ek cukus dh dfBukÃ dks n'kkZukA
IV. dLcs dh ikjaifjd ewÆrdyk dks n'kkZukA
fodYi%
8. fu/kkZfjr x| ikBksa ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr pkj Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha rhu Á'uksa ds mÙkj yx-
Hkx 25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ys[kd us [khjs dh Qk¡dksa ds dkj.k uokc lkgc ds tcM+ksa dks LQqfjr gksrs ns[kdj D;k lkspk\
¼[k½ ysf[kdk vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds dkj.k Ççfliy ds fy, cM+h eqf'dy D;k Fkh\
¼x½ vyhc['k ds ?kjkus dk [k+kunkuh is'kk D;k Fkk\ eafnjksa esa dkSu&ls jkx çk;% xk, tkrs Fks\
¼?k½ jkr ds rkjksa dks ns[kdj u lks ldus okys euh"kh dks izFke iqjLdrkZ D;kaas dgk x;k gSa\ ^laLÑfr*
ikB ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
9. fuEufyf[kr ifBr dkO;ka'k ij vk/kkfjr cgqfodYih; Á'uksa ds lokZf/kd mi;qDr mÙkj okys
fodYi pqudj fyf[k,& 5#1 = 5
gekjSa gfj gkfjy dh ydjhA
eu Øe cpu uan&uanu mj] ;g –<+ dfj idjhA
tkxr lksor LoIu fnol&fufl] dkUg&dkUg td jhA
lqur tksx ykxr gS ,slkS] T;kSa d#Ã ddjhA
lq rkS C;kfèk gedkSa yS vk,] ns[kh lquh u djhA
;g rkS ^lwj* fruÇg yS lkSaikS] ftuds eu pdjhAA
¼d½ mi;qZDr in esa oDrk vkSj Jksrk Øe'k% gSa%
i. lwjnkl & xksfi;k¡
ii. xksfi;k¡ & m)o
iii. lwjnkl & m)o
iv. xksfi;k¡ & Jh—".k
¼[k½ ^txr lksor LoIu fnol&fufl] dkUg&dkUg td jh* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. Hkxoku ls nwj jgus dh mnklh
II. dkUgk ds çfr O;kdqyrk
III. dkUgk ds çfr vVwV çse

IV. Hkxoku ds n'kZu dh [kq'kh
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku I vkSj II lgh gSaA
iii. dFku II vkSj III lgh gSaA
iv. dFku I vkSj III lgh gSaA
¼x½ dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj lgh fodYi pqfu,%
dFku (A) : xksfi;k¡ Hkxoku ds çfr leÆir gSaA
dkj.k (R) : xksfi;k¡ gj le; dkUgk ds fopkjksa esa [kksÃ jgrh gSaA
i. dFku (A) xyr gS] Çdrq dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
iv. dFku (A) lgh gS Çdrq dkj.k (R) dFku (A) dh lgh O;k[;k ugÈ gSA
¼?k½ ^lqur tksx ykxr gS ,slkS] T;kSa d#Ã ddjh* iafDr esa dkSu lh fLFkfr dk çrhd gS\
i. nq[k vkSj O;kdqyrk
ii. çse vkSj leiZ.k
iii. Ã";kZ vkSj ?k`.kk
iv. 'kkafr vkSj èkS;Z
¼³½ ^;g rkS ^lwj* fruÇg yS lkSaikS] ftuds eu pdjh*& bl iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. HkDrksa dh leiZ.k Hkkouk
II. Hkxoku ls xgu tqM+ko
III. xksfi;ksa dh O;kdqyrk
IV. Hkxoku ds çfr vlarks"k
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
10. fu/kkZjr dforkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr pkj Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha rhu Á'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ y{e.k us ij'kqjke dks ns[kdj D;k dgk vkSj fdl çdkj dh Hkkouk çdV dh\
¼[k½ dfo vkRedFkk fy[kus ds fopkj ls D;ksa vleatl esa Fks\
¼x½ rIr ekSle esa cknyksa ds vkxeu dk Lo:i rFkk fn'kk dk mYys[k ^mRlkg* ds vkèkkj ij dhft,A
¼?k½ laxrdkj vius Loj dks eq[; xk;d ds Loj ls vf/kd Å¡pk D;ksa ugha mBkrk\
11. iwjd ikB~; iqLrd ds fu/kkZfjr ikBksa ij vk/kkfjr fuEufyf[kr rhu Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks Á'uksa
ds mÙkj yxHkx 50&60 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 2#4 = 8
¼d½ êkrk dk vk¡py* ikB esa fufgr thou ewY;ksa dh ppkZ dhft,A
¼[k½ igkM+h cPpksa vkSj egkuxjh; cPpksa dh thou&'kSyh esa vkidks D;k fHkUurk fn[kkÃ nsrh gS\
^lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB ds vkèkkj ij fyf[k,A
¼x½ ys[kd us vius vki dks fgjksf'kek ds foLQksV dk Hkksäk dc vkSj fdl rjg eglwl fd;k\
[kaM&?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

12. fuEufyf[kr rhu fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij ladsr fcUnqvksa ds vk/kkj ij yxHkx 120
'kCnksa esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,& 1#6 = 6
¼d½ flusek o ;qok ih<+h

ladsr fcUnq %
•• Hkwfedk
•• ;qok ih<+h ij ldkjkRed ÁHkko
•• ;qok ih<+h ij udkjkRed ÁHkko
•• milagkj
¼[k½ LekVZ Dykl dh mi;ksfxrk
ladsr fcUnq %
•• Nk=ksa dh vf/kd lfØ;rk
•• fo"k;oLrq dk vf/kxe
•• de le; esa vf/kd tkudkjh ÁkIr djuk
•• Nk=ksa ij ÁHkko
¼x½ yM+dk&yM+dh ,d leku
ladsr fcUnq %
•• f'k{kk dk leku vfèkdkj
•• dfj;j ds volj
•• lekurk dk O;ogkj
•• Lora=rk vkSj lqj{kk
13. ¼d½ vius {ks= esa isM+&ikS/kksa ds vfu;af=r dVko dks jksdus ds fy, ftykf/kdkjh dks xzkeokfl;ks
dh vksj ls yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fe= dk rSjkdh ds fy, vxys vksyafid [ksyksa ds fy, p;u gks x;k gSA mls izks-
Rlkgu nsrs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ ^loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku* ds varxZr py jgs jkf=dkyhu f'k{k.k dasanzksa esa izkSa<+ksa dks i<+kus ds fy,
va'kdkfyd f'k{kdksa dh vko';drk gSa] tks de&ls&de lSadsMjh rd i<+s gkasA bl dk;Z ds
fy, funs'kd izkS<+ f'k{kk] dkuiqj] mÙkj izns'k dks vkosnu gsrq Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A ¼yxHkx
80 'kCnksa esa½ 1#5 = 5
AWdm
¼[k½ vius {ks= esa ,d ikdZ fodflr djus ds fy, lHkh dkWyksuhokfl;ksa dh vksj ls uxj fuxe vf/kdkjh
dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZesy ,d bZesy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ xehZ dh NqfÍ;ksa esa cPpksa dks u`R;] laxhr] dyk&f'kYi vkfn dk Áf'k{k.k nsus okys dsUnz ^fu[kjksa
vkSj pedks* ds fy, yXkHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d vkd"kZd foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1 # 4 = 4
AWdm
¼[k½ vkids fe= us u;k daI;wVj [kjhnk gSA yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d c/kkbZ&lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 2
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

Hkkjr esa —f"k dk cgqr cM+k egÙo gS] vkSj ;g ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ ekuh tkrh gSA Hkkjr esa
fofoèk çdkj dh Qlysa mxkÃ tkrh gSa] ftuesa ls xsgwa ,d çeq[k Qly gSA xsgwa dks jch dh Qly ekuk
tkrk gS] ftls BaMs ekSle esa cks;k tkrk gS vkSj xÆe;ksa esa dkVk tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa iatkc] gfj;k.kk]
mÙkj çns'k vkSj jktLFkku tSls jkT;ksa esa xsgwa dk mRiknu vfèkd gksrk gSA ;g Qly Hkkjrh; [kk|
lqj{kk ds fy, vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd ;g cM+h ek=k esa mitrk gS vkSj ns'k dh cM+h tula[;k dk
eq[; Hkkstu gSA
la;qä jk"Vª ds [kk| vkSj —f"k laxBu ¼FAO½ us Hkkjr esa xsgwa mRiknu ds egRo dks ns[krs gq,
dÃ ifj;kstukvksa dks 'kq: fd;k gS] ftudk mís'; fdlkuksa dks mUur —f"k rduhdksa ls ifjfpr djkuk
vkSj Qly mRiknu dks c<+kok nsuk gSA blds lkFk gh] ikuh ds lgh mi;ksx vkSj Hkwfe ds laj{k.k ij
Hkh tksj fn;k tk jgk gSA Hkkjr esa xsgwa mRiknu ds lkFk yk[kksa fdlkuksa dh vkthfodk tqM+h gqÃ gS]
tks viuh esgur ls bls laHko cukrs gSaA xsgwa dh Qly dk mRiknu eq[; :i ls ÇlpkÃ ij fuHkZj
djrk gS] blfy, ty lalkèkuksa dk leqfpr çcaèku vko';d gSA blds vykok] ljdkj Hkh fdlkuksa
dks fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls vkÆFkd lgk;rk vkSj çf'k{k.k çnku dj jgh gS] rkfd os viuh
iSnkokj dks c<+k ldsaA
¼d½ dFku ¼A½ vkSj dkj.k ¼R½ dks i<+dj mi;qä fodYi pqfu,%
dFku ¼A½ % Hkkjr esa xsgwa dh [ksrh jch dh Qly ds :i esa gksrh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % xsgwa dh Qly BaMs ekSle esa cksÃ tkrh gS vkSj xÆe;ksa esa dkVh tkrh gSA
¼[k½ Hkkjr esa xsgwa ,d çeq[k Qly gS D;ksafd–

dFku ds fy, mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,%
I- ;g jch dh Qly gSA
II- bldk mRiknu cM+s iSekus ij gksrk gSA
III- ;g eq[; Hkkstu dk fgLlk gSA
IV- bls de ikuh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
fodYi–
ii. dFku I] II vkSj III lgh gSaA
iii. dsoy dFku IV lgh gSA
¼x½ uhps fn, gq, d‚ye 1 dks d‚ye 2 ls lqesfyr dj lgh fodYi dk p;u dhft,%
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k xsgwa mRiknd jkT; 1- mÙkj çns'k
II Hkkjr esa nwljk lcls cM+k xsgwa mRiknd jkT; 2- iatkc
III Hkkjr esa xsgwa dh [ksrh dk çeq[k jkT; 3- gfj;k.kk
i. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼2½] II ¼3½] III ¼1½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa xsgwa mRiknu dks c<+kus esa FAO dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\
¼³½ xsgwa mRiknu ,d Je vkèkkfjr m|ksx gS– dSls\
uhy uHk ds uhps] 'kkar ç—fr dk vkÇyxu fy,]
èkjrh viuh Nfo ls papy]
lqèkk dh o"kkZ lh 'khryrk QSyh gqÃ FkhA
o`{kksa dh gjhfrek esa vn~Hkqr ped Fkh]
fogxksa dk dyjo gj dksus esa xwat jgk FkkA
muds eèkqj Loj ç—fr dks ,d vn~Hkqr laxhre; Nfo çnku dj jgs FksA
nwj ioZrksa ij fxjrh lw;Z dh lqugjh fdj.ksa]
tSls fdlh fp=dkj us èkjrh ij jax Hkj fn, gksaA
ufn;ksa ds ehBs Loj] tSls dksÃ xhr lq[k dk xk jgs gksa]
okrkoj.k esa ,d vthc lh 'kkafr vkSj larqyu Fkk]
tks eu ds gj fodkj dks feVkrk FkkA
ç—fr dh ;g xksn] tgk¡ euq"; viuh Çprkvksa dks Hkwy]
gj nq[k ls nwj gksdj]
,d vuks[ks lqdwu vkSj 'kkafr dk vuqHko dj jgk FkkA
;g –'; thou ds gj jax dks lesVs gq,]
ekuo ºzn; esa çse] lkSan;Z vkSj 'kkafr dk lapkj dj jgk FkkA
&egknsoh oekZ
i. vkdk'k dk –';
ii. unh dk –';
iii. ioZr dk –';
iv. èkjrh dk –';
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ç—fr ds fdu rÙoksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. uhy uHk dh lqanjrk eu dks larks"k nsrh gSA
II. fogxksa dk dyjo okrkoj.k dks laxhre; vkSj lq[kn cukrk gSA
III. ufn;ksa ds ehBs Loj eu dks 'kkafr çnku djrs gSaA
IV. èkjrh dh fLuXèk 'khryrk gj nq[k dks nwj djrh gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % dof;=h dks ç—fr dh lqanjrk ls fo'ks"k 'kkafr feyrh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % dkO; esa ufn;ksa ds ehBs Loj vkSj fogxksa dk dyjo eu dks lqdwu çnku djrs gSaA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ç—fr ds dkSu ls rRo dof;=h dks fo'ks"k :i ls çHkkfor djrs gSa\

¼d½ tks O;fä lkglh gSa] muds fy, dksÃ dk;Z vlaHko ugÈ gSA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ iRFkj dh ewÆr ij p'ek vlyh FkkA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ewÆr dh vk¡[kksa ij ljdaMs ls cuk NksVk&lk p'ek j[kk gqvk Fkk] tSlk cPps cuk ysrs gSaA ¼vkfJr
miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ lokj dk larqyu fcxM+k vkSj og fxj x;kA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ vjc ns'kksa esa ftu ;a=ksa dks Qw¡ddj ctk;k tkrk gS] mUgsa u; dgk tkrk gSA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls
okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
4. funs'Z kkuqlkj ôkP;* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 4#1 = 4
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dchj dks lkgc ekurs FksasA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ ftl vkneh us igys&igy vkx dk vkfo"dkj fd;k gksxk] og fdruk cM+k vkfo"drkZ gksxkA
¼drZòkP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ eUuw ?kj dh pkjnhokjh ds Hkhrj ugha cSB ldrh FkhA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ dSIVu }kjk p'ek cny fn;k tkrk gSA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ HkkookP; esa fØ;k lnSo fdl izdkj dh gksrh gS\
¼d½ gkynkj lkgc* us iku [kk;k A
¼[k½ vius mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc gSaA
¼x½ vkt foKku o ijek.kq&;qx esa lcls ukt+qd iz'u 'kkafr gh gSA
¼?k½ jlksÃ dks os HkfV;kj[kkuk dgrs FksA
¼³½ 'kqfØ;k] bl oä ryc eglwl ugÈ gks jghA
6. funsZ'kkuqlkj ^vyadkj* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa dh js[kkafdr dkO; iaf-
Dr;ksa esa vyadkj igpku dj fyf[k,& 4#1 = 4
¼d½ Hkwysa viuh ;k çoapuk] vkSjksa dh fn[kykÅ¡ eSaA
¼[k½ vk, vKkr fn'kk ls vuar ds ?kuA
¼x½ vacj iu?kV esa Mqcks jgÈ] rkjk?kV m"kk ukxjhA
¼?k½ lksgr vks<s ihr iV L;ke lyksus xkrA
¼³½ ekrq firfg tfu lkspcl djfl eghlfdlksjA
[kaM&x 30
xÆe;ksa esa mudh ^la>k* fdruh melHkjh 'kke dks u 'khry djrh! vius ?kj ds vk¡xu esa vklu tek
cSBrsA xk¡o ds muds dqN çseh Hkh tqV tkrsA [ka¡tfM+;ksa vkSj djrkyksa dh Hkjekj gks tkrhA ,d in
ckyxksfcu Hkxr dg tkrs] mudh çseh&eaMyh mls nqgjkrh] frgjkrhA èkhjs&èkhjs Loj Å¡pk gksus yxrk
& ,d fuf'pr rky] ,d fuf'pr xfr lsA ml rky&Loj ds p<+ko ds lkFk Jksrkvksa ds eu Hkh Åij
mBus yxrsA èkhjs&èkhjs eu ru ij gkoh gks tkrkA gksrs&gksrs] ,d {k.k ,slk vkrk fd chp esa [k¡tM+h
fy, ckyxksfcu Hkxr ukp jgs gSa vkSj muds lkFk gh lcds ru vkSj eu u`R;'khy gks mBs gSaA lkjk
vk¡xu u`R; vkSj laxhr ls vksrçksr gS!
¼d½ xÆe;ksa esa ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh ^la>k* fdl çdkj dh gksrh Fkh\
I. la>k melHkjh gksrh FkhA
II. la>k 'khry gksrh FkhA
III. la>k esa xk¡o ds yksx tqV tkrs FksA
IV. la>k esa u`R; vkSj laxhr gksrk FkkA
fodYi%
i. dFku I vkSj III lgh gSaA
ii. dFku I, II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iii. dsoy dFku II lgh gSA
iv. dFku I, III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh eaMyh muds inksa dks frgjkrh FkhA
dkj.k (R) : eaMyh laxhr vkSj u`R; esa çoh.k FkhA
fodYi%
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh eaMyh fdl çdkj ls laxhr esa 'kkfey gksrh Fkh\
i. os inksa dks nqgjkrs vkSj frgjkrs FksA
ii. os dsoy inksa dks nqgjkrs FksA
iii. os [katM+h ctkrs FksA
iv. os dsoy u`R; djrs FksA
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds lkFk xk¡o ds yksx D;k vuqHko djrs Fks\
i. u`R; vkSj laxhr dk vkuanA
ii. xgjs è;ku dk vuqHkoA
iii. dsoy u`R; dk vkuanA
iv. dsoy laxhr dk vkuanA
I. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk u`R; çseA
II. laxhre; la>k dk çHkkoA
III. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh laxhr esa dq'kyrkA
IV. xk¡o dh lkaL—frd ijaijkA
fodYi%
ii. dFku II, III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
¼d½ ysf[kdk ds vuqlkj dkSu&lh nks ckrsa dk ,d lkFk gksuk laHko ugÈ\
¼[k½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh rqyuk fgj.k ls D;ksa dh xÃ gS\ ikB ds vkèkkj ij fyf[k,A
¼x½ isV Hkjuk ;k ru <¡duk euq"; dh laLÑfr dh tuuh D;ksa ugha gSA
¼?k½ gynkj lkgc ewÆr ij ljdaMs dk p'ek ns[kdj Hkkoqd D;ksa gks x,\
¼d½ mi;qZDr in esa ^cky czãpkjh vfr dksgh* fdldh vksj ladsr gS\
i. jke dh vksj
ii. y{e.k dh vksj
iii. ij'kqjke dh vksj
iv. eqfu dh vksj
¼[k½ ^Nqvr VwV j?kqifrgq u nkslw* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. jke }kjk èkuq"k dks tkucw>dj rksM+us dh vksj
II. jke dk nks"k u gksus dh vksj
III. y{e.k dk nks"k u gksus dh vksj
IV. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
iv. dFku II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : y{e.k ij'kqjke dks eqfu tM+ le>rs gSaA
dkj.k (R) : y{e.k ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dks ugÈ le>rsA
¼?k½ ^lglckgqHkqt Nsnfugkjk* dk rkRi;Z fdlls gS\

i. y{e.k }kjk lglzckgq dks gjkus ls
ii. jke }kjk ij'kqjke dk lEeku djus ls
iii. ij'kqjke }kjk lglzckgq dh Hkqtk,¡ dkVus ls
iv. ij'kqjke }kjk eqfu dk vieku djus ls
¼³½ îjlq fcyksdq eghidqekjk* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vfHkO;fDr gS\
I. ij'kqjke dh pqukSrh
II. jke dk ij'kqjke dks 'kkar djuk
III. ij'kqjke dk Øksèk vkSj xoZ
IV. y{e.k dh fouezrk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ dfo us Qly dks yk[k&yk[k dksfV&dksfV gkFkksa ds Li'kZ dh xfjek D;ksa dgk gS\ Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ laxrdkj ds ek/;e ls dfo fdl izdkj ds O;fDr;ksa dh vksj ladsr djuk pkg jgk gSa\
¼x½ êjtknk u ygh* ds ek/;e ls dkSu lh e;kZnk u jgus dh ckr dh tk jgh gSa\
¼?k½ dfo ckny ls otz fNik] uwru dfork fQj Hkj nks D;ksa vkSj fdl ç;kstu ls dgrs gSa\ crkb,A
¼d½ êkrk dk vk¡py* ikB esa laLdkjksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS D;k vkt Hkh bu laLdkjksa dh vko';drk
gS\ vius fopkj çLrqr dhft,A
¼[k½ cq) èkeZ ds vuq;kf;;ksa dh ÃÜoj ds çfr vkfLrdrk muds fdu dk;ks± ls irk pyrh gS\ mudh
bu xfrfofèk;ksa ls gekjs eu esa dSls Hkko mfnr gksrs gSa rFkk gesa D;k çsj.kk feyrh gS\ Li"V
dhft,A
¼x½ iRFkj ij ekuo Nk;k ns[kdj ys[kd dks ,d FkIiM+&lk yxk] D;ksa\ ;fn ys[kd dh txg vki
gksrs rks vkidh izfrfØ;k D;k gksrh\ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A

¼d½ tad QwM

ladsr fcUnq %
•• tad QwM D;k gksrk gS\
•• ;qok ih<+h vkSj tad QwM
•• tad QwM [kkus ds nq"ifj.kke
¼[k½ egkuxjh; HkhMHkkM+ vkSj esVªks
ladsr fcUnq %
•• ;krk;kr vkSj HkhM+HkkM
•• iznw"k.k dh leL;k
•• esVªks jsy dh Hkwfedk
•• esVªks ds ykHk
¼x½ LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku
ladsr fcUnq %
•• vkjaHk vkSj mÌs';
•• Nk=ksa vkSj ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dk lg;ksx
•• tu lk/kkj.k dks izsfjr djuk
•• osLV eSustesaV rduhdksa dks c<+kokA
13. ¼d½ fdlh iz[;kr lekpkji= ds laiknd ds uke yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fy[kdj jsy
vkj{k.k O;oLFkk esa gq, lq/kkj dh iz'kalk dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkidk ,d fe= f'keyk esa jgrk gSA vki mlds vkea=.k ij xzh"ekodk'k esa ogk¡ x, Fks
vkSj ÁkÑfrd lkSan;Z dk [kwc vkuan mBk;k FkkA ?kj okil ykSVus ij ÑrKrk O;Dr djrs
gq, fe= dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vkidk uke lTtu flag gSA e;wj eksVlZ daiuh esa ekdsZfVax ,DthD;wfVo dh vko';drk
gSA VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa bl in gsrq foKkiu izdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA vki ukSdjh dh
ryk'k esa gSA vr% vki bl in ij fu;qfDr ikus gsrq yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d Loo`Ùk
rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ /ofu iznw"k.k dh leL;k ls voxr djkrs gq, uxj ;kstuk vf/kdkjh dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa
esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ ckWy isuksa dh ,d daiuh ^lQy* uke ls cktkj esa vkbZ gSA mlds fy, ,d vkd"kZd
foKkiu yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ nhikoyh ij fe= dks 'kqHkdkeuk nsus gsrq yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d lans'k rS;kj dhft,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 3
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

fe=rk ,d ,slk lacaèk gS tks fo'okl] le>nkjh vkSj ijLij vknj ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA fe=rk u
dsoy O;fäxr lacaèkksa dks et+cwr cukrh gS] cfYd ;g gekjs ekufld vkSj HkkoukRed LokLF; ij Hkh
ldkjkRed çHkko Mkyrh gSA lPps fe= oks gksrs gSa tks ,d&nwljs ds lq[k&nq%[k esa lkFk [kM+s jgrs gSa
vkSj fcuk fdlh LokFkZ ds enn djrs gSaA ;g lacaèk thou dh gj ifjfLFkfr esa ,d lqj{kk dop dh
rjg dke djrk gSA
fe=rk dk egRo flQZ O;fäxr thou rd lhfer ugÈ gS] cfYd lkekftd vkSj O;kolkf;d thou
esa Hkh bldh vgfe;r gksrh gSA ,d vPNs fe= ds lkFk fopkjksa dk vknku&çnku djuk] leL;kvksa dk
gy <wa<uk] vkSj pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk vklku gks tkrk gSA fe=rk thou esa vkus okys ruko vkSj
Çprk dks Hkh de djrh gS] D;ksafd ;g ,d HkkoukRed lgkjk çnku djrh gSA
fe=rk dh uÈo vkilh le>] lEeku vkSj ,d&nwljs ds çfr Ãekunkjh ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA
gkykafd] ;g fj'rk oä ds lkFk vkSj Hkh et+cwr gksrk tkrk gS] tc yksx ,d&nwljs dh Hkkoukvksa vkSj
vko';drkvksa dks le>rs gSaA ;g ,d ,slk lacaèk gS tks fdlh Hkh lkekftd] vkÆFkd] ;k lkaL—frd
lhek ls ijs gksrk gS] vkSj ;g fcuk fdlh 'krZ ds gksrk gSA lPps fe= thou dks ljy vkSj lqanj cuk
nsrs gSaA
dFku ¼A½% fe=rk ,d ,slk lacaèk gS tks dsoy LokFkZ ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½% lPph fe=rk vkilh lEeku] le> vkSj fcuk LokFkZ ds enn ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA

¼[k½ fe=rk ds fdu igyqvksa dk lacaèk ekufld vkSj HkkoukRed LokLF; ls gS–
I- fe=rk ekufld ruko dks de djrh gSA
II- fe=rk esa fopkjksa dk vknku&çnku gksrk gSA
III- fe=rk ,d lqj{kk dop dh rjg dke djrh gSA
IV- fe=rk LokFkZ ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA
fodYi–
iii. dFku I] II] III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iv. dsoy dFku IV lgh gSA
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I fe=rk dk vkèkkj 1- le>nkjh vkSj lEeku
II fe=rk dk ykHk 2- HkkoukRed lgkjk
III lPph fe=rk 3- thou ds gj ifjfLFkfr esa lgkjk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ fe=rk dk lkekftd vkSj O;kolkf;d thou esa D;k egRo gS\
¼³½ fe=rk dks dSls ,d thou dk lqj{kk dop dgk tk ldrk gS\
2. fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwodZ i<+dj ml ij vk/kkfjr iwNs x, Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 7
d.kZ dh vk¡[kksa esa
,d vikj osnuk Fkh]
ij fQj Hkh] mldk psgjk
'kkS;Z vkSj lkgl ls Hkjk FkkA
og egkHkkjr ds ;q) esa]
vius thou dk lcls cM+k la?k"kZ
yM+ jgk FkkA
ikaMoksa dh lsuk ls f?kjk gqvk]
d.kZ ds ck.kksa dh ckSNkjsa]
vkdk'k dks xw¡tk;eku dj jgh FkÈA

mlds Hkhrj dh vkx
mlds 'k=qvksa dks Hkh Hk;Hkhr dj jgh FkhA
èkeZ] deZ vkSj fu;fr ls c¡èkk gqvk]
d.kZ us thouHkj la?k"kZ fd;k]
ijarq og gkj ekuus okyksa esa ls ugÈ FkkA
mldh ohjrk] mldh ladYi 'kfä]
egkHkkjr dh xkFkk dks vej cuk xÃA
;g ,d ,slk ;ks)k Fkk]
tks Lo;a viuh fu;fr ls yM+ jgk FkkA
&jkeèkkjh Çlg fnudj ¼jf'ejFkh½
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ;ks)k dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
i. vtqZu
ii. Hkhe
iii. d.kZ
iv. nq;ksZèku
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ;ks)k ds fdu xq.kksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
I. lkgl vkSj 'kkS;Z
II. gkj u ekuus dk –<+ ladYi
III. viuh fu;fr ls la?k"kZ
IV. 'k=qvksa ls Hk;Hkhr gksuk
fodYi%
i. dFku I vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iii. dFku II] III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iv. dFku I] III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % d.kZ ds Hkhrj dh vkx mlds 'k=qvksa dks Hk;Hkhr dj jgh FkhA
dkj.k ¼R½ % d.kZ us vius thou esa dÃ la?k"kZ fd,] ysfdu gkj ugÈ ekuhA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa d.kZ ds la?k"kZ vkSj ohjrk dks dfo us fdl çdkj çLrqr fd;k gS\
¼³½ d.kZ dk thou la?k"kZ ls Hkjk jgk] ijarq mlus gkj D;ksa ugÈ ekuh\

¼d½ mUgksaus tsc ls pkdw fudkyk vkSj [khjk dkVus yxsA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ ,d lky igys cus dkWyst esa 'khyk vxzoky dh fu;qfDr gqbZ FkhA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS fd os ladYi ls laU;klh ugÈ FksA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh
fyf[k,½
¼?k½ [khjs ds Lokn ds vkuan esa uokc lkgc dh iydsa eq¡n vkb±A ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ fgjksf'kek dh ?kVuk foKku dk Hk;kudre nq#i;ksx gSA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ 'khyk vxzoky dh tks'khyh ckrks us jxkssa esa cgrs [kwu dks ykos eas cny fn;k FkkA ¼deZokP; esa
cnfy,½
¼[k½ muds }kjk dSIVu dh ns'kHkfDr dk lEeku fd;k x;kA ¼drZòkP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ysfuu us Mcy jksVh dk VqdM+k nwljksa dks fn;kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr us irksgw dh 'kknh djkÃA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k lnk vU; iq#"k ,dopu esa gksrh gS\
¼d½ rhljh ckj fQj ls u;k p'ek FkkA
¼[k½ okg HkbZ! ;g vkbfM;k Hkh Bhd gSA
¼x½ yk[kksa ltns] blh ,d lPps lqj dh bcknr esa [kqnk ds vkxs >qdrs gSaA
¼?k½ muds fglkc ls ogk¡ jguk viuh {kerk vkSj çfrHkk dks Hkêh esa >ksaduk FkkA
¼³½ lsdaM Dykl ds ,d NksVs fMCcs dks [kkyh le>dj] tYnh nkSM+dj mlesa p<+ x,A
6. funsZ'kkuqlkj ^vyadkj* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa dh js[kkafdr dkO; iafDr;ksa
esa vyadkj igpku dj fyf[k,& 4#1 = 4
¼d½ ftlds v#.k&diksyksa dh erokyh lqanj Nk;k esaA vuqjkfxuh m"kk ysrh Fkh fut lqgkx eèkqek;k
esaA
¼[k½ flj QV x;k mldk ekuks v#.k jax dk ?kM+k gksA
¼x½ xHkZUg ds vHkZd nyu ijlq eksj vfr ?kksjA
¼?k½ çkr% uHk Fkk] cgqr xhyk 'ka[k tSlsA
¼³½ ?ksj ?ksj ?kksj xxu] èkkjkèkj vks!
[kaM&x 30
eqQ+fLly dh iSlsatj Vªsu py iM+us dh mrkoyh esa Qw¡dkj jgh FkhA vkjke ls lsdaM Dykl esa tkus
ds fy, nke vfèkd yxrs gSaA nwj rks tkuk ugÈ FkkA HkhM+ ls cpdj] ,dkar esa uÃ dgkuh ds lacaèk esa
lksp ldus vkSj f[kM+dh ls çk—frd –'; ns[k ldus ds fy, fVdV lsdaM Dykl dk gh ys fy;kA
xkM+h NwV jgh FkhA lsdaM Dykl ds ,d NksVs fMCcs dks [kkyh le>dj] tjk nkSM+dj mlesa p<+ x;kA
vuqeku ds çfrdwy fMCck futZu ugÈ FkkA ,d cFkZ ij y[kuÅ dh uokch uLy ds ,d lQ+sniks'k
lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA lkeus nks rkts&fpdus [khjs rkSfy, ij j[ks FksA fMCcs esa
gekjs lglk dwn tkus ls lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa ,dkar Çpru esa fo?u dk vlarks"k fn[kkÃ fn;kA lkspk]
gks ldrk gS] ;g Hkh dgkuh ds fy, lw> dh Çprk esa gksa ;k [khjs&tSlh vinkFkZ oLrq dk 'kkSd djrs
ns[ks tkus ds ladksp esa gksaA
¼d½ ys[kd us lsdaM Dykl dk fVdV D;ksa fy;k\
I. nwj tkuk FkkA
II. ,dkar esa uÃ dgkuh ds ckjs esa lkspus ds fy,A
III. HkhM+ ls cpus ds fy,A
IV. f[kM+dh ls çk—frd –'; ns[kus ds fy,A
fodYi%
ii. dFku II, III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : ys[kd us [kkyh fMCcs esa p<+us dk fu.kZ; fy;kA
dkj.k (R) : og lksprs Fks fd fMCck futZu gksxk vkSj ,dkar feysxkA
fodYi%
¼x½ ys[kd us fMCcs esa ços'k djus ij D;k ns[kk\
i. fMCck iwjh rjg [kkyh FkkA
ii. ,d lTtu ikyFkh ekjdj cSBs FksA
iii. lTtu [khjs [kk jgs FksA
iv. fMCcs esa xgjh 'kkafr FkhA
¼?k½ ys[kd us lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa D;k ns[kk\

i. ,dkar esa fo?u dk vlarks"kA
ii. [khjs dk Lokn ysus dh larqf"VA
iii. dgkuh dh ÇprkA
iv. ;k=k dh FkdkuA
¼³½ bl x|ka'k dk ewy Hkko D;k gS\
mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,
I. ys[kd dh ,dkar dh [kkstA
II. lTtu dk [khjs [kkus dk 'kkSdA
III. Vªsu ;k=k dh foo'krkA
IV. ys[kd dh ys[kdh; lw>A
fodYi%
8. fu/kkZfjr x| ikBksa ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr pkj Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha rhu Á'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ;fn gynkj lkgc dks usrkth dh ewÆr ij p'ek yxk ugÈ feyrk rks muds eu esa fdl çdkj
dk Hkko vkrk\
¼[k½ ys[kd us Qknj dkfey cqYds dh ;kn dks ^;K dh ifo= vfXu* D;ksa dgk gS\
¼x½ dkSlY;k;u th ds vuqlkj lH;rk ds varxZr D;k&D;k lekfgr gSa\
¼?k½ dkWyst ds Ççfliy us eUuw HkaMkjh ds firk th dks fdl dkj.k ls cqyk;k Fkk\ crkb,A
eèkqi xqu&xquk dj dg tkrk dkSu dgkuh ;g viuh]
eqj>kdj fxj jgÈ ifÙk;k¡ ns[kks fdruh vkt ?kuhA
bl xaHkhj vuar&uhfyek esa vla[; thou&bfrgkl
;g yks] djrs gh jgrs gSa viuk O;aX;&efyu migkl
rc Hkh dgrs gks dg Mkyw¡ nqcZyrk viuh chrhA
rqe lqudj lq[k ikvksxs] ns[kksxs ;g xkxj jhrhA
Çdrq dgÈ ,slk u gks fd rqe gh [kkyh djus okys
vius dks le>ks] esjk jl ys viuh Hkjus okysA
¼d½ mi;qZDr in esa êèkqi xqu&xquk dj* fdl vksj ladsr djrk gS\
i. eèkqeD[kh ds dk;Z dh vksj
ii. dfo ds thou dh vksj
iii. ç—fr dh vksj
iv. lalkj dh vfLFkjrk dh vksj
¼[k½ êqj>kdj fxj jgÈ ifÙk;k¡* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. thou dh u'ojrk
II. thou dk fodkl
III. lq[k ds {k.k
IV. g"kZ dk le;
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
iv. dFku I vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : dfo viuh nqcy
Z rk dh dgkuh crkuk pkgrk gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks yxrk gS fd mldh dgkuh lquus ls yksx nq[kh gks tk,axsA
¼?k½ ^rqe lqudj lq[k ikvksxs] ns[kksxs ;g xkxj jhrh* iafDr esa fdldk çrhd gS\
i. thou dh fjDrrk dk
ii. lalkj dh [kq'kh dk
iii. fe=ksa ds lkFk ds vkuan dk
iv. dfo dh O;Fkk dk
¼³½ ^Çdrq dgÈ ,slk u gks fd rqe gh [kkyh djus okys* iafDr esa dfo fdl Mj dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. nwljksa ds nq[k ls tqM+us dk Mj
II. viuh O;Fkk dk cks> nwljksa ij Mkyus dk Mj
III. nwljksa ls nwj gks tkus dk Mj
IV. vius lq[k dks [kksus dk Mj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ xksfi;ksa u m)o ls ;ksx dh f'k{kk dSls yksxksa dks nsus dh ckr dgh\
¼[k½ y{e.k ds O;aX;e; 'kCnks ls ij'kqjke ds O;fDrRo dh dkSu lh fo'ks"krk,¡ vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gSa\
¼x½ *Hkwysa viuh ;k izoapuk vkSjksa dh fn[kykÅ¡ eSa* iafDr esa dfo D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
¼?k½ ^mRlkg* dfork esa fujkyk th us ^fo|qr&Nfo mj es]a dfo uothou okys!* dFku ls D;k dguk pkgk gS\
¼d½ ewlu frokjh }kjk cky eaMyh dh f'kdk;r ds ckn ikB'kkyk esa HkksykukFk ds lkFk dSlk O;ogkj
gqvk vkSj mUgsa muds firk th ds }kjk fdl Ádkj ?kj yk;k x;k\ bl ?kVuk ls cPpksa dh fdl
eukso`fÙk dk irk pyrk gS\ êkrk ds v¡py* ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ ftrsu ukxsZ Mªkboj ds lkFk&lkFk dq'ky xkbM dh Hkwfedk c[kwch fuHkk jgk gSA vkidh fdlh Hkh
;k=k esa xkM+h pykus okyk xkbM Hkh gks rks ftrsu ds pfj= dh rqyuk djrs gq, vius vuqHko
fyf[k,A
¼x½ fgjksf'kek dh ?kVuk foKku dk Hk;kudre nq:i;ksx gSA vkidh n`f"V esa foKku dk nq:i;ksx
dgk¡&dgk¡ vkSj fdl rjg gks jgk gSa\

¼d½ uksVcanh
ladsr fcUnq %
•• uksVcanh dh ?kks"k.kk
•• yksxksa dh yach drkjsa
•• i{k vkSj foi{k dh Vdjkj
•• ekuork dk iqutZUeA
¼[k½ viuh Hkk"kk I;kjh Hkk"kk
ladsr fcUnq %
•• viuh Hkk"kk dk ifjp;
•• viuh Hkk"kk I;kjh D;ksa gS\
•• vU; Hkk"kkvksa ls esy
¼x½ L=h f'k{kk
ladsr fcUnq %
•• vko';drk
•• c<+rs vk¡dM+s
•• larku rFkk lekt ij izHkko
13. ¼d½ vius fo|ky; esa ihus ds ikuh dh leqfpr O;oLFkk gsrq Á/kkukpk;Z dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa
esa ,d ÁkFkZuk&i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ QS'ku esa le; vkSj /ku dk viO;; djus okyh NksVh cgu dks mlds nq"ÁHkko le>krs
gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vkidk uke vfouk'k xqIrk gSA vkius ekdsfZ Vax esa ,e ch , fd;k gSA ekdsfZ Vax dEiuh esa eSut
s j
ds in ij fu;qfDr gsrq yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa viuk ,d Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vius {ks= esa ikdZ dk fuekZ.k djokus gsrq m|ku foHkkx ds lfpo dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa
esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ fnYyh ds e'kgwj xksyxIis dh nqdku dk fdlh Áfrf"Br lekpkj i= esa Nius ;ksX; foKkiu
yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkids HkkbZ us ubZ eksVjlkbfdy [kjhnh gSA yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d c/kkbZ&lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 4
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

i`Foh ij ouksa dk egÙo cgqr vfèkd gSA os u dsoy ekuo thou ds fy, mi;ksxh gSa] cfYd oU;thoksa
ds fy, Hkh ,d lqjf{kr vkokl çnku djrs gSaA ou i`Foh dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dks larqfyr j[kus esa enn
djrs gSaA os dkcZu Mkbv‚DlkbM dks vo'kksf"kr djrs gSa vkSj v‚Dlhtu dk mRltZu djrs gSa] tks
lHkh thoksa ds fy, vko';d gSA blds vykok] ou feêh dh moZjrk dks cuk, j[krs gSa vkSj tyok;q
ifjorZu dks fu;af=r djus esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA Hkkjr esa] fofHkUu çdkj ds ou feyrs gSa]
ftuesa m".kdfVcaèkh; o"kkZou] 'kq"d ou] vkSj ioZrh; ou 'kkfey gSaA mÙkjk[kaM] fgekpy çns'k] eè;
çns'k vkSj vle tSls jkT;ksa esa cM+s iSekus ij ou {ks= QSys gq, gSaA
ouksa dh j{kk vkSj laj{k.k ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj us dÃ ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh gSaA buesa ls ,d çeq[k
;kstuk *tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k* gS] ftldk mís'; ouksa esa ikÃ tkus okyh çtkfr;ksa dh j{kk djuk vkSj
ouksa dh dVkÃ dks jksduk gSA blds lkFk gh] ou foHkkx }kjk o`{kkjksi.k dk;ZØe Hkh pyk, tkrs gSa]
ftuds ekè;e ls vfèkd ls vfèkd o`{k yxk, tkrs gSaA ou laj{k.k ls u dsoy i;kZoj.k dks ykHk gksrk
gS] cfYd ;g xzkeh.k bykdksa esa jgus okys yksxksa dh vkthfodk dk lkèku Hkh gSA ydM+h] tM+h&cwfV;k¡
vkSj vU; ou mRiknksa ds ekè;e ls yksx viuh vkÆFkd fLFkfr lqèkkjrs gSaA blfy,] ouksa dk laj{k.k
vR;ar vko';d gS rkfd Hkfo"; dh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, çk—frd lalkèkuksa dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr dh
tk ldsA
dFku ¼A½% ouksa dk laj{k.k tyok;q ifjorZu dks fu;af=r djus esa enn djrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½% ou dkcZu Mkbv‚DlkbM dks vo'kksf"kr dj v‚Dlhtu dk mRltZu djrs gSaA
¼[k½ Hkkjr esa ouksa dk egÙo gS D;ksafd–
I- os v‚Dlhtu dk mRltZu djrs gSaA
II- os oU;thoksa ds fy, lqjf{kr vkokl çnku djrs gSaA
III- os tyok;q ifjorZu dks fu;af=r djrs gSaA
IV- os de txg ysrs gSaA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjr esa lcls cM+k ou {ks= okyk jkT; 1- mÙkjk[kaM
II Hkkjr esa ioZrh; ou dk çeq[k jkT; 2- eè; çns'k
III m".kdfVcaèkh; o"kkZou dk çeq[k jkT; 3- vle
i. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼2½] II ¼3½] III ¼1½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa ou laj{k.k ds fy, ljdkj }kjk dkSu&lh ;kstuk,a pykÃ tk jgh gSa\
¼³½ ou laj{k.k ,d vkÆFkd vkèkkj Hkh gS– dSls\
>k¡lh dh jkuh y{ehckÃ dk
ohjrk Hkjk thou]
Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa
Lo.kZ v{kjksa esa fy[kk x;k gSA
vaxzstksa ds f[kykQ la?k"kZ djrs gq,]
mlus vius lkgl vkSj 'kkS;Z ls
Hkkjr dh Lora=rk ds fy,

çsj.kk dk L=ksr cudj fn[kk;kA
jkuh us viuh NksVh lh lsuk ds lkFk]
vn~Hkqr ijkØe fn[kk;kA
vius nq'euksa dk lkeuk djrs gq,]
y{ehckÃ us fuMjrk ls ;q) fd;kA
?kksM+s ij lokj gksdj]
jkuh us vaxzstksa ls vius jkT; dh j{kk dhA
mldh ohjrk vkSj cfynku
ges'kk vej jgsaxsA
&lqHkæk dqekjh pkSgku ¼>k¡lh dh jkuh½
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ohj efgyk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
i. jkuh y{ehckÃ
ii. egkjkuh ifn~euh
iii. jkuh nqxkZorh
iv. jkuh psuEek
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa jkuh y{ehckÃ ds fdu xq.kksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
I. jkuh y{ehckÃ us viuh lsuk dk lkgl c<+k;kA
II. mlus fuMjrk ds lkFk vaxzstksa dk lkeuk fd;kA
III. ekr`Ro ds lkFk] ;q)dyk esa ijkØe fn[kk;kA
IV. mlus Lora=rk laxzke esa çsj.kknk;d Hkwfedk fuHkkÃA
fodYi%
iii. dFku II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % jkuh y{ehckÃ us vius nÙkd iq= dks ihB ij ck¡èkdj ;q) fd;kA
dkj.k ¼R½ % jkuh y{ehckÃ vaxzstksa ls vius jkT; dh j{kk ds fy, vius csVs dks ;q) esa 'kkfey djuk
pkgrh FkÈA
ii. dFku (A) lgh gS] fdUrq dkj.k (R) xyr gSA
iii. dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa gh xyr gSaA
iv. dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa gh lgh gSaA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa jkuh y{ehckÃ dh ohjrk dks dof;=h us fdl çdkj ls çLrqr fd;k gS\
¼³½ jkuh y{ehckÃ ds thou vkSj cfynku dk Lora=rk laxzke ij D;k çHkko iM+k\

¼d½ uokc lkgc us rkSfy;k >kM+k vkSj lkeus fcNk fy;kA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ os gj o"kZ tc xaxk Luku djus tkrs rc mudh vkLFkk lar&lekxe vkSj yksd&n'kZu ij vf/kd
gksrhA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ tks 'kkafr cjlrh Fkh og psgjs ij fLFkj FkhA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ ,d ekU;rk ds vuqlkj mudk tUe eFkqjk ds fudV #udrk esa gqvk FkkA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ gqM+nax rks bruk epk;k fd dkWyst okyksa dks FkMZ b;j Hkh [kksyuk iM+kA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD;
dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr izHkkfr;k¡ xkrs Fksa ¼deZokP; eas cnfy,½
¼[k½ ewÆrdkj }kjk çfrek cukÃ xÃ vkSj pkSjkgs ij LFkkfir dh xÃA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ dkyZ ekDlZ us etnwjksa ds lq[k dk liuk ns[kkA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ os gesa Hkh ekewyh yksxksa dh gjdr esa yFksM+ ysuk pkgrs gSaA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ deZokP; esa fØ;k ds fyax]opu vkSj iq#"k fdlds vuqlkj jgrs gSa\
¼d½ ysfdu vknr ls etcwj vk¡[ksa ewfrZ dh rjQ+ mB xbZaA
¼[k½ pkSjkgs dh vf/kdka'k nqdkuas can FkhaA
¼x½ nf{k.k Hkkjr ds eaxy ok| ûkxLojEk~* dh rjg 'kgukÃ] çHkkrh dh eaxyèofu dk laiwjd gSA
¼?k½ cgl djuk firkth dk fç; 'kxy FkkA
¼³½ uokc lkgc [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks ukd ds ikl ys tkdj] okluk ls jlkLoknu dj f[kM+dh ds ckgj
Qsadrs x,A
¼d½ lgl ckgq Hkqt NsnfugkjkA
¼[k½ d<+r lkFk gh rs] [;ku vfl fjiq ru ls çkuA
¼x½ gS olqaèkjk fc[ksj nsrh eksrh lcds lksus ijA jfo cVksj ysrk gS mldks lnk losjk gksus ijA
¼?k½ tks ur gqvk] og e`r gqvk T;ksa oàr ls >jdj dqlqeA
¼³½ vkokt+ ls jk[k tSlk dqN fxjrk gqvk
[kaM&x 30
firk ds Bhd foijhr FkÈ gekjh csi<+h&fy[kh ek¡A èkjrh ls dqN T;knk gh èkS;Z vkSj lgu'kfDr Fkh
'kk;n muesaA firkth dh gj T;knrh dks viuk çkI; vkSj cPpksa dh gj mfpr&vuqfpr Qjekb'k vkSj
ftn dks viuk QtZ le>dj cM+s lgt Hkko ls Lohdkj djrh FkÈ osA mUgksaus Çtnxh Hkj vius fy,
dqN ek¡xk ugÈ] pkgk ugÈ --- dsoy fn;k gh fn;kA ge HkkÃ&cfguksa dk lkjk yxko ¼'kk;n lgkuqHkwfr
ls mitk½ ek¡ ds lkFk Fkk ysfdu fugk;r vlgk; etcwjh esa fyiVk mudk ;g R;kx dHkh esjk vkn'kZ
ugÈ cu ldk--- u mudk R;kx] u mudh lfg".kqrkA [kSj] tks Hkh gks] vc ;g iSr`d&iqjk.k ;gÈ lekIr
dj vius ij ykSVrh gw¡A
¼d½ ek¡ ds fdl xq.k us lcls vfèkd çHkkfor fd;k\
I. mudk èkS;Z vkSj lgu'kfDrA
II. mudk R;kx vkSj lfg".kqrkA
III. mudk i<+k&fy[kk u gksukA
IV. mudk cPpksa dh gj bPNk dks ekuukA
fodYi%
ii. dFku II vkSj III lgh gSaA
iii. dFku I vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iv. dsoy dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : ys[kd dh ek¡ us cPpksa dh gj mfpr&vuqfpr Qjekb'k Lohdkj dhA
dkj.k (R) : ek¡ us bls viuk QtZ le>k vkSj lgtrk ls Lohdkj fd;kA
fodYi%
¼x½ ys[kd dh ek¡ fdl ckr dks dHkh vkn'kZ ugÈ eku ikb±\
i. cPpksa dh vuqfpr Qjekb'kA
ii. ek¡ dk R;kx vkSj lfg".kqrkA
iii. firkth dh T;knrhA
iv. ek¡ dh f'k{kkA
¼?k½ ek¡ dk cPpksa ds çfr D;k Hkko Fkk\

i. lgkuqHkwfr vkSj çseA
ii. R;kx vkSj lfg".kqrkA
iii. vuq'kklu vkSj dBksjrkA
iv. ftn vkSj ØksèkA
I. ek¡ dk R;kx vkSj lfg".kqrkA
II. cPpksa dk yxko vkSj lgkuqHkwfrA
III. ek¡ dk vkn'kZ u cu ikukA
IV. firkth dh T;knrhA
fodYi%
ii. dFku I vkSj III lgh gSaA
¼d½ ^y[kuoh vankt++* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd ys[kd us [khjk [kkus ls euk D;ksa fd;k \
¼[k½ fcfLeYYkk [kk¡ dks 'kgukbZ dh eaxy /ofu dk uk;d D;ksa dgk x;k\
¼x½ êuq"; dh tks ;ksX;rk mls vkRefo'okl ds lk/kuksa dk vkfo"dkj djkrh gS ge mls laLÑfr dgsa
;k vlaLÑfr\* bl dFku ij vius fopkj Li"V djsaA
¼?k½ dkÆrd eghuk vkSj ckyxksfcu Hkxr nksuksa ,d&nwljs ls fdl çdkj lacafèkr gSa\
ckny] xjtks!
?ksj&?ksj ?kksj xxu] èkkjkèkj vks!
yfyr&yfyr] dkya ?kq¡?kjkys]
cky dYiuk] ds&ls ikys]
fo|qr&Nfo mj esa] dfo] uothou okys!
otz fNik] uwru dfork
fQj Hkj nks&
ckny] xjtks!
¼d½ mi;qZDr in esa ^ckny] xjtks* fdl vksj ladsr djrk gS\
i. ckfj'k dh vksj
ii. vkØks'k dh vksj
iii. mRlkg vkSj ÅtkZ dh vksj
iv. thou ds la?k"kZ dh vksj
¼[k½ ^fo|qr&Nfo mj esa] dfo] uothou okys* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. dfo ds uothou dh vksj
II. dfo ds ân; esa uÃ ÅtkZ dh vksj
III. thou ds var dh vksj
IV. thou ds fc[kjko dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo cknyksa ls uwru dfork dh ekax djrk gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks yxrk gS fd cknyksa esa fNih ÅtkZ dfork esa uÃ çsj.kk Hkj ldrh gSA
¼?k½ ôtz fNik] uwru dfork fQj Hkj nks* iafDr esa ôtz* dk çrhd fdlds fy, gS\
i. vkØks'k vkSj 'kfDr dk
ii. vk'kk vkSj foÜokl dk
iii. èkS;Z vkSj lkgl dk
iv. ladYi vkSj çsj.kk dk
¼³½ ^cky dYiuk] ds&ls ikys* iafDr esa dfo fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. ckydksa tSlh ljy dYiuk dh vksj
II. cPpksa dh eklwe dYiuk dh vksj
III. thou esa u;h ÅtkZ dh vksj
IV. thou ds la?k"kZ dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ejtknk u ygh ^ds ek/;e ls dkSu&lh e;kZnk u jgus dh ckr dgh tk jgh gSa\
¼[k½ y{e.k us ij'kqjke dks ns[kdj fouezrk vkSj lkgl ds lkFk D;k dgk\
¼x½ eq[; xk;d vkSj laxrdkj dh ijaijk ds vkSfpR; ij fopkj çdV dhft,A
¼?k½ ^vkRedF;* dfork esa ^Le`fr dks ikFks;* cukus esa dfo dk vk'k; D;k gSa\
¼d½ ys[kd dks fdl ?kVuk ls v.kq ce }kjk O;FkZ tho uk'k dk vuqHko gqvk Fkk\ ml ?kVuk ds fo"k;
esa vius fopkj fyf[k,A
¼[k½ ns'k ds ÁkÑfrd LFkkuksa ds lkSan;Z dk vkuan ysrs le; vf/kdka'k lSykuh ogk¡ ds i;kZoj.k dks
nwf"kr dj nsrs gSaA bl uSlfXkZd lkSan;Z dh lqj{kk esa vki vius nkf;Ro dk fuokZg dSls djsaxs\
^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB ds vkyksd esa mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ êkrk dk v¡py* 'kh"kZd dh mi;qDrrk crkrs gq, dksbZ vU; 'kh"kZd lq>kb,A
[kaM & ?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

¼d½ [ksydwn dk fo|kFkhZZ thou esa egÙo

ladsr fcanq %
•• [ksydwn dh fo|kFkhZZ thou esa mi;ksfxrk
•• 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld fodkl esa lgk;d
•• ekuoh; xq.kksa ds fodkl esa lgk;d
•• fnup;kZ esa [ksydwn dks lfEefyr djus dk ladYi
¼[k½ lM+d lqj{kk % thou j{kk
ladsr fcanq %
•• ;krk;kr ds fu;e ds ikyd dk egÙo
•• fu;eksa dk ikyu u djus ls gksus okyh gkfu;k¡
•• fu;e ikyu dh mi;ksfxrk
•• nq?kZVukvksa ls tqM+s Hk;kog vk¡dM+s
•• lM+d lqj{kk ds fy, cuk, x, fu;eksa dk ikyu djus dk ladYi
¼x½ djr&djr vH;kl ds tM+efr gksr lqtku
ladsr fcanq %
•• vH;kl dk egÙo
•• blls gksus okys ykHk
•• vH;kl dh lhek dk dksbZ var ugha
•• egkdfo dkfynkl o vkpk;Z ikf.kuh ds mnkgj.k
13. ¼d½ vLoLFk gksus ds dkj.k vkidks MkWDVj us rhu fnuksa rd vkjke djus dh lykg nh gSA bu
rhu fnuksa ds vodk'k ds fy, iz/kkukpk;Z th dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A
1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vius nknk&nknh dks xzh"ekodk'k esa dqN le; vius lkFk fcrkus ds fy, vkxzg djrs gq,
yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vki fouksn dqekj gSaA vki 12oha ikl gSaA vkSj vkidh vk;q yxHkx 45 o"kZ gSA vkidks
vkn'kZ fo|k eafnj Ldwy v c l uxj esa pijklh in ds fy, vkosnu djuk gSA blds
fy, vki viuk ,d laf{kIr Loo`Ùk yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkidk VsyhQksu ,d lIrkg ls [kjkc iM+k gSA blls lacaf/kr f'kdk;r djus gsrq Hkkjr
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ Ldwy ds gYds o etcwr cLrksa dh dEiuh ds fy, ,d vkd"kZd foKkiu yxHkx 40
'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ f'k{kd&fnol ij vius v/;kid dks yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 5
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

Hkkjr esa lkSj ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA lkSj ÅtkZ ,d uohdj.kh; lzksr gS] tks i;kZoj.k
dks uqdlku igqapk, fcuk fctyh mRiUu djrk gSA Hkkjr ds dÃ fgLlksa esa lky Hkj èkwi dh Hkjiwj
miyCèkrk gksrh gS] ftlls lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu ds fy, ;g mi;qä LFkku cu tkrk gSA jktLFkku] xqt-
jkr] eè; çns'k] vkSj rfeyukMq tSls jkT;ksa esa lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu ds cM+s&cM+s IykaV LFkkfir fd, x,
gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj us lkSj ÅtkZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, dÃ ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh gSa] ftuesa *lksyj fe'ku*
çeq[k gSA bldk mís'; 2030 rd lkSj ÅtkZ ds ekè;e ls 100 xhxko‚V fctyh mRiknu djuk gSA
lkSj ÅtkZ u dsoy çnw"k.k jfgr gksrh gS] cfYd blls fctyh dh ykxr Hkh de gksrh gSA bls
xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh nksuksa {ks=ksa esa vklkuh ls LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gS] tgk¡ ikjaifjd fctyh dh
miyCèkrk de gksrh gSA lksyj iSuy dh LFkkiuk ds ckn mls cuk, j[kus esa de [kpZ vkrk gS] ftlls
;g ,d fdQk;rh fodYi cu tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa lksyj iSuy ls mRiUu fctyh dk mi;ksx —f"k]
m|ksx] vkSj ?kjsyw mís';ksa ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA lkSj ÅtkZ dk c<+rk mi;ksx u dsoy i;kZoj.k
dks lqjf{kr djrk gS] cfYd blls jkstxkj ds u, volj Hkh mRiUu gks jgs gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % Hkkjr esa lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % lkSj ÅtkZ çnw"k.k jfgr vkSj fdQk;rh gksrh gSA
¼[k½ Hkkjr esa lkSj ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx c<+ jgk gS D;ksafd–

I- ;g çnw"k.k jfgr gSA
II- bls vklkuh ls LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA
III- bls xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
IV- ;g egaxh gksrh gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjr esa lcls cM+k lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknd jkT; 1- jktLFkku
II Hkkjr esa nwljk lcls cM+k lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknd jkT; 2- xqtjkr
III lksyj fe'ku dk mís'; 3- 100 xhxko‚V
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ lkSj ÅtkZ ds mRiknu esa *lksyj fe'ku* dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\
¼³½ lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu jkstxkj ds volj çnku djrk gS– dSls\
2. fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwod

Z i<+dj ml ij vk/kkfjr iwNs x, Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 7
v#.k ;g eèkqe; ns'k gekjk]
tgk¡ igq¡p vutku f{kfrt dks
feyrk ,d lgkjkA
liuksa esa gks dj Hkh vKkr]
jfo dk iFk nsuk pkgsA
txrh dh tyrh fprk ns[k
jfo ekSu fog¡lrk tk;sA
v#.k ;g eèkqe; ns'k gekjk]
tgk¡ igq¡p vutku f{kfrt dks
feyrk ,d lgkjkA
jfo dh fdj.ksa] ,d vk'kk dk lans'k]

gj fn'kk dks vkyksfdr dj jgh FkÈA
thou ds bl dfBu ekxZ ij]
lw;Z dk ;g mTToy çdk'k]
ekuork dks uÃ fn'kk çnku dj jgk FkkA
;g eèkqe; ns'k] tgk¡ LoIu vkSj ;FkkFkZ]
,d lkFk py jgs Fks]
vius Hkhrj vufxur laHkkoukvksa dks lesVs gq, FkkA
bl vutku f{kfrt ij]
gj fdlh dks vk'kk vkSj lgkjk fey jgk FkkA
&t;'kadj çlkn
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl çrhd dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS\
i. paæek
ii. jfo ¼lw;Z½
iii. èofu
iv. tyrh fprk
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ns'k dks fdl çdkj çLrqr fd;k x;k gS\
I. liuksa vkSj laHkkoukvksa dk ns'kA
II. tgk¡ gj vutku f{kfrt lgkjk nsrk gSA
III. tgk¡ thou vkSj ;FkkFkZ lkFk pyrs gSaA
IV. tgk¡ jfo dh fdj.ksa vk'kk vkSj 'kfä nsrh gSaA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % jfo dh fdj.kksa ls iwjs ns'k esa vk'kk dk lapkj gqvkA
dkj.k ¼R½ % jfo dh fdj.ksa thou dh dfBukb;ksa dks feVkdj uÃ fn'kk ns jgh FkÈA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa Þv#.kÞ vkSj Þf{kfrtÞ dks fdl çdkj çrhd ds :i esa ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k dk ns'k vkSj mldh laHkkoukvksa ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\

¼d½ bu yksxksa dh N=&Nk;k gVh vkSj eq>s vius otwn dk ,glkl gqvkA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ uokc lkgc dqN nsj xkM+h dh f[kM+dh ds ckgj ns[kdj fLFkfr ij xkSj djrs jgsA ¼la;qDr okD;
esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ftlus uÃ rduhd dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] og egku oSKkfud FkkA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk
Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ eUuwth dh lkfgfR;d miyfC/k;ksa ds fy, mUgsa vusd iqjLdkj izkIr gks pqds gSaA ¼feJ okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼³½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh ekSr mUgha ds vuq:i gqbZA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ uxjikfydk us usrkth dh ewÆr dk mn~?kkVu fd;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ uokc lkgc }kjk tsc ls pkdw fudkyk x;k vkSj [khjs Nhyus 'kq: dj fn, x,A ¼drZòkP; esa
cnfy,½
¼x½ mlus [kqys vkdk'k ds rkjksa dks ns[kkA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ ,d cgqr cMs+ vkfFkZd >Vds ds dkj.k os baankSj ls vtesj vk x, FksA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ Hkko dh iz/kkurk okys okD; esa dkSu&lk okP; gksrk gS\
¼d½ ,d in Hkxr xkrs vkSj lc lqursA
¼[k½ vPNs&vPNksa us bl loky dk gy <w<+us dk iz;kl fd;k] fdarq lcdks vlQyrk gh gkFk yxhA
¼x½ [kk¡ lkgc vDlj dgrs gSa fd 'kgukÃ NksM+dj dgk¡ tk,¡\
¼?k½ tUeh rks eè; çns'k ds Hkkuiqjk xk¡o esa FkhA
¼³½ xkM+h dh f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj fLFkfr ij xkSj djrs jgsA
¼d½ ns[kk jke u;u Hkjs HkksjsaA
¼[k½ gt+kj&gt+kj [ksrksa dh feêh dk xq.k èkeZA
¼x½ chrh foHkkojh tkxjh ] vEcj iu?kV esa Mqcks jgh rkl ?kV m"kk uxjhA
¼?k½ laxrdkj gh LFkk;h dks l¡Hkkys j[krk gSA
¼³½ ftlds v#.k diksyksa dh erokyh lqanj Nk;k esaA
[kaM&x 30
'kgukÃ vkSj Mqejk¡o ,d&nwljs ds fy, mi;ksxh gSaA 'kgukÃ ctkus ds fy, jhM dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA
jhM vanj ls iksyh gksrh gS ftlds lgkjs 'kgukÃ dks Qw¡dk tkrk gSA jhM] ujdV ¼,d çdkj dh ?kkl½
ls cukÃ tkrh gS tks Mqejk¡o esa eq[;r% lksu unh ds fdukjksa ij ikÃ tkrh gSA bruh gh egÙkk gS bl
le; Mqejk¡o dh ftlds dkj.k 'kgukÃ tSlk ok| ctrk gSA fQj veh#íhu tks ge lcds fç; gSa]
vius mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc gSaA mudk tUe&LFkku Hkh Mqejk¡o gh gSA buds ijnknk mLrkn lykj
gqlSu [kk¡ Mqejk¡o fuoklh FksA fcfLeYyk [kk¡ mLrkn iSxacjc['k [kk¡ vkSj feëu ds NksVs lkgctkns gSaA
¼d½ 'kgukÃ ctkus ds fy, fdl oLrq dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\
I. 'kgukÃ
II. ujdV
III. jhM
IV. lksu unh
fodYi%
iii. dFku III lgh gSA
dFku (A) : 'kgukÃ ctkus ds fy, ujdV dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
dkj.k (R) : ujdV ls cuh jhM dks 'kgukÃ esa fQV djus ds fy, fo'ks"k dkS'ky dh vko';drk gksrh
gSA
fodYi%
¼x½ 'kgukÃ ds fy, fdl çdkj dh ?kkl dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\
i. ujdV
ii. ?kkl
iii. ckal
iv. xUuk
¼?k½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ds ijnknk dk uke D;k Fkk\

i. veh#íhu
ii. lykj gqlSu [kk¡
iii. iSxacjc['k [kk¡
iv. feëu
I. 'kgukÃ vkSj Mqejk¡o dk vkilh lacaèkA
II. fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk ;ksxnkuA
III. ujdV dk egRoA
IV. lykj gqlSu [kk¡ dk thouA
fodYi%
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh dchj ij J)k ds D;k dkj.k jgsa gksaxs\ ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ uokc lkgc ds }kjk [khjs ds jlkLoknu dh fofèk dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k, vkSj Li"V dhft,
fd [khjs dh fofèkor rS;kj dh xÃ Qk¡dksa dks lw¡?kdj ckgj Qsad nsuk dgk¡ rd mfpr Fkk\
¼x½ ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh dh ysf[kdk eUuw HkaMkjh dks u, fljs ls vius otwn dk vglkl dc o dSls
gqvk\
¼?k½ ys[kd Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u ds vuqlkj lH;rk vkSj laLÑfr esa D;k varj gS\
rqEgkjh ;g narqfjr eqLdku
e`rd esa Hkh Mky nsxh tku
èkwfy&èkwlj rqEgkjs ;s xkr-----------
NksM+dj rkykc esjh >ksaiM+h esa f[ky jgs tytkr
ijl ikdj rqEgkjk gh çk.k]
fi?kydj ty cu x;k gksxk dfBu ik"kk.k
Nw x;k rqels fd >jus yx iM+s 'kSQkfyd ds Qwy
ck¡l Fkk fd ccwy\
rqe&eq>s ik, ugÈ igpku\
ns[krs gh jgksxs vfues"kA
¼d½ ^rqEgkjh ;g narqfjr eqLdku* ls dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. thou dh u;h ÅtkZ dh vksj
ii. fdlh fç; O;fDr ds lkSan;Z dh vksj
iii. ç—fr dh lkSE;rk dh vksj
iv. ekuoh; la?k"kZ dh vksj
¼[k½ îjl ikdj rqEgkjk gh çk.k* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. thou ds iqutZUe dh vksj
II. çse dh 'kfDr dh vksj
III. dBksjrk ds lekIr gksus dh vksj
IV. thou ds var dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo dh >ksaiM+h esa tytkr f[kys gSaA
dkj.k (R) : dfo ds ikl rkykc dk 'khry ty gS] ftlls tytkr f[kys gSaA
¼?k½ ^fi?kydj ty cu x;k gksxk dfBu ik"kk.k* iafDr esa fdl ifjorZu dh vksj ladsr gS\
i. iRFkj ds ikuh esa cnyus dh vksj
ii. dBksjrk ds dkseyrk esa cnyus dh vksj
iii. çse ds Hkko ds tUe dh vksj
iv. thou ds var dh vksj
¼³½ ^ns[krs gh jgksxs vfues"k* iafDr esa dfo fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. vleatl vkSj vk'p;Z
II. çse vkSj mRlqdrk
III. Hk; vkSj Çpru
IV. vk'p;Z vkSj è;ku
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ laxrdkj tSls O;fDr laxhr ds vykok vkSj fdu&fdu {ks=ksa esa fdl&fdl :i esa fn[kkÃ nsrs
gSa\
¼[k½ ^vV ugha jgh gS* dfork esa fdl _rq dk o.kZu gS vkSj ,slh dkSu&lh pht gS] tks ugha vV jgh
gS\
¼x½ ßvjs f[ky&f[kyk dj g¡lrs gksus okyh mu ckrksa dhÞ iafDr dk Hkko Li"V djds fyf[k, fd bu
'kCnksa esa dfo&eu ds fdu Hkkoksa dh >yd feyrh gS\
¼?k½ êjtknk u ygh* ds ek/;e ls dkSu&lh e;kZnk u jgus dh ckr dh tk jgh gSa\
¼d½ flfDde ;k=k ds nkSjku ;qofr;ksa dks ns[kdj ysf[kdk ds eu esa D;k fopkj mRiUu gq,\ vius
'kCnksa esa Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ ys[kd ds vuqlkj vuqHkwfr ls mRiUu Hkhrjh foo'krk fdl izdkj fy[kus ds fy, ck/; djrh gS\
êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡* ikB ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ cStw tSls 'kjkjrh ckydksa ds lkFk jgus ls fdl rjg dh fLFkfr dh laHkkouk cuh jgrh gS\ blls
lacafèkr ?kVuk dk mYys[k êkrk dk vk¡py* ikB ds vkèkkj ij dhft, rFkk crkb, fd vkius bl
?kVuk ls D;k çsj.kk xzg.k dh gS\

¼d½ vkt dk ;qok oxZ

ladsr fcUnq %
•• HkkSfrdrk dh vksj vkd"kZ.k
•• Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds Áfr ?kVrh vkLFkk
•• dqN dj xqtjus dh fgEerA
¼[k½ yksdra= vkSj pquko
ladsr fcUnq %
•• yksdra= esa yksd dk egÙo
•• turk dh vkokt % pqus gq, Ázfrfuf/k
•• Áfrfu/k pquus ls yksdra= dh j{kk
•• lgh Áfrfuf/k dSls pqusaA
¼x½ djr djr vH;kl ds tM+efr gksr lqtku

ladsr fcUnq %
•• vH;kl dk vFkZ
•• vH;kl ds vko';d rRo
•• lQy O;fDr
•• lPps deZohj ds y{k.k
13. ¼d½ 'kkjhfjd O;k;ke LokLF; dh n`f"V ls vfr vko';d gSA vius fo|ky; esa ,d dq'ky ;ksx
izf'k{kd dks j[kus dk vuqjks/k djrs gq, iz/kkukpk;Z dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i=
fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vuqjk/kk ds ekekth us mls tUefnu ij ,d iqLrd migkj esa Hksth gSA /kU;okn O;Dr
djrs gq, mUgsa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vkidk uke Ánhi vklokuh gSA Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad esa ¼Ldsy&4 ds fy,½ izca/kd ds in
gsrq uoHkkjr VkbEl esa foKkiu izdkf'kr gqvk gSA vki orZeku esa vkbZ-lh-vkbZ- cSad essa
¼Ldsy&3½ izca/kd gSaA vki bl in ij fu;qfDr ikus gsrq yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa Loo`Ùk rS;kj
dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fo|ky; dk u;k l= vkjaHk gks x;k gS ysfdu cktkj esa vHkh rd vkidh fganh
dh ikB~;iqLrd miyC/k ugha gSA bl lanHkZ esa ,ulhbZvkjVh ds O;kikj izca/kd dks yxHkx
80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ cPpksa dh lqj{kk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, f[kykSus cukus okyh ,d dEiuh f[kyrk cpiu ds
fy, ,d vkd"kZd foKkiu yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vius fe= dks xq: xksfoan flag th ds tUeksRlo ij yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d 'kqHkd-
keuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 6
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %
[kaM & d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

Çgnh Hkk"kk Hkkjrh; laL—fr vkSj lekt dk ,d vfHkUu fgLlk gSA Hkkjr esa Çgnh u dsoy ,d laçs"k.k
dk ekè;e gS] cfYd ;g ns'k dh lkaL—frd èkjksgj dks Hkh latks, j[krh gSA Çgnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl
cgqr iqjkuk gS vkSj blesa dÃ çfl) dfo vkSj ys[kd gq, gSa ftUgksaus viuh jpukvksa ds ekè;e ls
lekt dks fn'kk nh gSA Çgnh lkfgR; ds varxZr x|] i|] ukVd vkSj fucaèk tSlh foèkkvksa dk fodkl
gqvk gSA Çgnh Hkk"kk dh yksdfç;rk dk ,d dkj.k bldk ljy O;kdj.k vkSj le>us esa vklkuh gksuk
gSA Çgnh dks Hkkjr ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa ekr`Hkk"kk ds :i esa Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] [kkldj mÙkj
Hkkjr ds jkT;ksa esaA
Çgnh dks lafoèkku esa jktHkk"kk dk ntkZ çkIr gS] vkSj ;g Hkkjr dh vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kkvksa esa ls ,d
gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us Çgnh ds çpkj vkSj çlkj ds fy, dÃ ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh gSa] ftuesa *Çgnh fnol*
vkSj *jktHkk"kk uhfr* çeq[k gSaA Çgnh fnol gj lky 14 flracj dks euk;k tkrk gS] vkSj bldk mís';
Çgnh Hkk"kk ds egRo dks tu&tu rd igqapkuk gSA Çgnh u dsoy Hkkjr esa] cfYd fons'kksa esa Hkh yksdfç;
gks jgh gSA dÃ ns'kksa esa Çgnh i<+kÃ vkSj fl[kkÃ tk jgh gSA vkt Çgnh Hkk"kk us lkfgR;] flusek vkSj
ehfM;k ds ekè;e ls ,d l'kä LFkku cuk fy;k gSA
dFku ¼A½ % Çgnh dks Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa jktHkk"kk dk ntkZ çkIr gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % Çgnh Hkkjr ds vfèkdka'k jkT;ksa dh ekr`Hkk"kk gSA

¼[k½ Çgnh Hkk"kk dk egÙo D;ksa gS–
I- ;g Hkkjr dh jktHkk"kk gSA
II- ;g ljy O;kdj.k okyh Hkk"kk gSA
III- ;g Hkkjr dh lkaL—frd èkjksgj dks latks, j[krh gSA
IV- ;g dsoy mÙkj Hkkjr esa cksyh tkrh gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Çgnh fnol 1- 14 flracj
II Hkkjr dh jktHkk"kk uhfr 2- Çgnh dks c<+kok
III Çgnh lkfgR; ds çeq[k ys[kd 3- çsepan
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼2½] II ¼3½] III ¼1½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa Çgnh ds çpkj&çlkj ds fy, dkSu&lh ljdkjh ;kstuk,a pykÃ tk jgh gSa\
¼³½ Çgnh Hkk"kk Hkkjrh; laL—fr ds fy, D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gS\
thou dh jkg esa]
gj eksM+ ij uÃ pqukSfr;k¡ feyrh gSa]
ij ;g pqukSfr;k¡ gesa vkxs c<+us dk
lkgl vkSj ladYi nsrh gSaA
dHkh Qwyksa dh jkg gksrh gS]
rks dHkh dk¡Vksa Hkjh ;k=kA
thou dh gj dfBukÃ]
gesa u, lcd fl[kkrh gS]
vkSj gj vuqHko ls ge etcwr curs gSaA
thou dk çokg dHkh ugÈ #drk]

;g fujarj pyrk jgrk gSA
lq[k&nq[k dh ;g ;k=k]
gekjh lcls cM+h lh[k cu tkrh gSA
thou dk gj {k.k]
,d u;k vuqHko vkSj
,d uÃ fn'kk dk çrhd gSA
thou dh bl vuar èkkjk esa]
gj dksÃ la?k"kZ djrk gS]
ysfdu mEehn dh fdj.ksa
gesa l'kä cukdj vkxs c<+krh gSaA
&lqfe=kuanu iar
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ckr dks lcls T;knk egRo fn;k x;k gS\
i. dfBukb;k¡
ii. mEehn
iii. vuqHko
iv. çokg
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa thou ds fdu igyqvksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. thou gesa fujarj vkxs c<+krk gSA
II. thou ds vuqHko gesa etcwr cukrs gSaA
III. lq[k vkSj nq[k gesa ,d gh jkg fn[kkrs gSaA
IV. gj {k.k gesa uÃ fn'kk fn[kkrk gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % thou dh jkg esa gesa dfBukb;k¡ ugÈ feyrÈA
dkj.k ¼R½ % thou esa dfBukb;k¡ gesa dsoy lh[k nsrh gSaA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou dh ;k=k dks fdl çdkj ls çLrqr fd;k gS\
¼³½ thou dh dfBukb;k¡ gesa fdl çdkj l'kä cukrh gSa\
[kaM & [k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

¼d½ os mu lc yksxksa ls feys] tks eq>s tkurs FksA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ ,d eksVjdkj tks mudh nqdku ds lkeus vkdj #dhA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ eSa ugÈ tkurk fd bl laU;klh us dHkh D;k lkspk FkkA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh
fyf[k,½
¼?k½ gesa Lo;a djuk iM+k vkSj ilhus NwV x,A ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ tc ekWjh'kl dh LoPNrk ns[kh rc eu izlUu gks x;kA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
4. funsZ'kkuqlkj ôkP;* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 4#1 = 4
¼d½ U;wVu ds xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds fl)kar dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ dkjhxj }kjk ewÆr dks laxejej ls rjk'kk x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ mlus vius eq¡g dk dkSj NksM+kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ gkynkj lkgc us ewÆr ij gj ckj u;k p'ek ns[kkA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ vdeZd&ldeZd nksuksa izdkj dh fØ;kvksa dk iz;ksx fdl okP; esa gksrk gS\
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr e¡>ksys dn ds xksjs& fpV~Vs vkneh FksA
¼[k½ ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rkt+s+ [khjs dh ifu;krh Qk¡ds ns[kdj eq¡g esa ikuh [kwc vk jgk
¼x½ nksuksa cM+s HkkÃ Hkh vkxs i<+kÃ ds fy, ckgj pys x,A
¼?k½ veh#íhu vHkh flQ+Z N% lky dk gSA
¼³½ mUgksaus viuh yky&dkyh cÙkhlh fn[kk nhA
¼d½ rqe lqudj lq[k ikvksxs] ns[kksxs ;g xkxj jhrhA
¼[k½ fleVk gqvk ladksp gS gok dh fFkjdu dkA
¼x½ og viuh xw¡t feykrk vk;k gS çkphu dky ls
¼?k½ lf[k lksgr xksiky ds] mj xqatu dh ekyA ckgj ylr euks fi;s] nkokuy dh TokyAA
¼³½ eèkqdj lfjl lar] xqu xzkghA-
[kaM & x 30
ftl ;ksX;rk] ço`fÙk vFkok çsj.kk ds cy ij vkx dk o lqÃ&èkkxs dk vkfo"dkj gqvk] og gS
O;fDr&fo'ks"k dh laL—fr( vkSj ml laL—fr }kjk tks vkfo"dkj gqvk] tks pht+ mlus vius rFkk nwljksa
ds fy, vkfo"—r dh] mldk uke gS lH;rkA ftl O;fDr esa igyh pht+] ftruh vfèkd o tSlh
ifj"—r ek=k esa gksxh] og O;fDr mruk gh vfèkd o oSlk gh ifj"—r gksxkA ,d laL—r O;fDr fdlh
uÃ pht+ dh [kkst djrk gS( Çdrq mldh larku dks vius iwoZt ls vuk;kl gh çkIr gks tkrh gSA ftl
O;fDr dh cqf) us vFkok mlds foosd us fdlh Hkh u, rF; dk n'kZu fd;k] og O;fDr gh okLrfod
laL—r O;fDr gSA
¼d½ *laL—fr* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
I. uÃ [kkst djus dh ;ksX;rkA
II. vkfo"dkj dh ço`fÙkA
III. O;fDr&fo'ks"k dk ifj"dkjA
IV. vU; yksxksa ds fy, dqN u;k vkfo"—r djukA
fodYi%
ii. dFku II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iv. dFku I, II vkSj III lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : lH;rk og gS] tks fdlh laL—fr }kjk vkfo"—r oLrq dks nwljksa ds fy, miyCèk djkrh gSA
dkj.k (R) : laL—fr uÃ pht+ksa dh [kkst ls lacafèkr gksrh gS] tcfd lH;rk mudk mi;ksx nwljksa ds
fy, djrh gSA
fodYi%
¼x½ laL—r O;fDr dkSu gksrk gS\
i. tks uÃ pht+ dh [kkst djrk gSA
ii. tks viuh laL—fr dk ikyu djrk gSA
iii. tks nwljksa dks viuh laL—fr fl[kkrk gSA
iv. tks ijaijk dk vuqlj.k djrk gSA
¼?k½ laL—fr vkSj lH;rk esa D;k varj gS\

i. laL—fr uÃ [kkstksa ls lacafèkr gS] lH;rk muds mi;ksx lsA
ii. lH;rk uÃ [kkstksa ls lacafèkr gS] laL—fr muds mi;ksx lsA
iii. laL—fr vkSj lH;rk leku gSaA
iv. laL—fr dk dksÃ çHkko ugÈ gS] lH;rk vko';d gSA
I. laL—r O;fDr dh HkwfedkA
II. laL—fr vkSj lH;rk dk varjA
III. uÃ [kkst dh ço`fÙkA
IV. ifj"—r O;fDr vkSj mlds xq.kA
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ uokc lkgc ds }kjk [khjk [kkus ds vuqjksèk dks ys[kd us Lohdkj D;ksa ugÈ fd;k\ ys[kd dh
vLohdkj`fr ds vkSfpR;&vukSfpR; ds fo"k; esa vius fopkj O;ä dhft,A
¼[k½ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikB esa ysf[kdk fdu dkj.kksa ls ghu Hkkouk ls xzLr gqÃ\
¼x½ dtjh vkSj pSrh D;k gS\
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd dSls vknfe;ksa ij T;knk utj j[kuh pkfg,\
eq[; xk;d ds pêku tSls Hkkjh Loj dk lkFk nsrh
og vkokt lqanj detksj dk¡irh gqÃ Fkh
og eq[; xk;d dk NksVk HkkÃ gS
;k mldk f'k";
;k iSny pydj lh[kus vkus okys nwj dk dksÃ fj'rsnkj
eq[; xk;d dh xjt esa
og viuh xw¡t feykrk vk;k gS çkphudky ls
xk;d tc varjs dh tfVy rkuksa ds taxy esa
[kks pqdk gksrk gS
;k vius gh ljxe dks yk¡?kdj
pyk tkrk gS HkVdrk gqvk ,d vugn esa
rc laxrdkj gh LFkkÃ dks l¡Hkkys jgrk gSA
¼d½ mi;qZDr in esa *eq[; xk;d ds pêku tSls Hkkjh Loj* dk D;k ladsr gS\
i. eq[; xk;d dh dBksjrk dk
ii. eq[; xk;d dh vkokt dh xgjkÃ dk
iii. laxrdkj dh fuHkZjrk dk
iv. laxhr ds çfr eq[; xk;d dh yxu dk
¼[k½ *laxrdkj gh LFkkÃ dks l¡Hkkys jgrk gS* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. laxrdkj ds egRo dh vksj
II. eq[; xk;d dh detksjh dh vksj
III. laxhr esa laxrdkj dh Hkwfedk dh vksj
IV. xk;d dh vlQyrk dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
iii. dFku I vkSj III lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : eq[; xk;d dk Loj csgn xgu gSA
dkj.k (R) : eq[; xk;d vius Loj ds dkj.k tfVy rkuksa esa [kks tkrk gSA
¼?k½ *og viuh xw¡t feykrk vk;k gS çkphudky ls* iafDr esa *og* fdldh vksj ladsr djrk gS\
i. eq[; xk;d dk f'k";
ii. eq[; xk;d dk lgk;d
iii. eq[; xk;d dk HkkÃ
iv. laxhr ds çfr fu"Bk
¼³½ *xk;d tc varjs dh tfVy rkuksa ds taxy esa [kks pqdk gksrk gS* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr
gS\
I. xk;d dh vlQyrk
II. xk;d dh vkRe&fo'ys"k.k dh ço`fÙk
III. laxhr dh tfVyrk
IV. laxrdkj dh lgk;rk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^tkxr&lksor fnol&fufl] dkUg&dkUg tdjh*&bl iafDr }kjk xksfi;ksa dh fdl eu%fLFkfr dk
o.kZu fd;k x;k gSa\
¼[k½ dfo izlkn dks yacs dkypØ esa D;k fNik gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\ muds vuqlkj *vuar&uhfyek*
vkSj *thou bfrgkl* nksuksa dk ijLij D;k laca/k gS\ Li"V dhft,A
¼x½ iÙkksa ls ynh Mky] dgÈ gjh] dgÈ yky] iafDr esa fdl _rq vkSj eghus dh 'kksHkk dk o.kZu gS\
bl iafDr dk Hkko vius 'kCnksa esa ifBr dfork ds vkèkkj ij fyf[k,A
¼?k½ ^;g narqfjr eqLdku* dfork esa 'ksQkfydk ds Qwy >jus dk D;k vk'k; gS vkSj ,slk D;ksa gqvk gS\
¼d½ dqN jpukdkjksas ds fy, vkRekuqHkwfr/Loa; ds vuqHko ds lkFk&lkFk cká ncko Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gksrk
gSA ;s cká ncko dkSu&dkSu ls gks ldrs gSaA
¼[k½ ç—fr dh lqanjrk gesa vè;kRe dh vksj eksM+rh gSA ^lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB esa vk, nks&rhu
çlaxksa ds vkèkkj ij crkb, fd gesa bl lqanjrk ds laj{k.k ds fy, D;k&D;k mik; djus pkfg,\
¼x½ ?kj esa iwtk&ikB dk ekgkSy gksus ls cPps ij D;k ldkjkRed çHkko iM+rs gSa\ êkrk dk vk¡py*
ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A

¼d½ vk/kqfud thou&'kSyh ,oa LokLF; leL;k,¡

ladsr fcanq %
•• vk/kqfud ;qx ,oa thou&'kSyh
•• cnyrk ifjos'k
•• le; dh deh
•• dk;Z dh vf/kdrk
•• fofHkUu jksxksa ls ihfM+r
•• cpus ds mik;
¼[k½ vkradokn dh leL;k % vkf[kj dc rd\
ladsr fcanq %
•• vkradokn dk vFkZ
•• c<+rk vkradokn
•• euq";rk ds fy, [krjk
•• blds nq"izHkko
•• u"V djus ds mik;
•• fo'o Lrj ij blds fo#) gks jgs iz;kl
¼x½ tc vkoS larks"k /ku] lc /ku /kwfj leku

ladsr fcanq %
•• larks"k ¼larqf"V½ dk Hkko dk vFkZ ,oa mldk egÙo
•• larks"k tSlk xq.k O;fDr ds yksHk] bZ";kZ vkfn cqjkb;ksa dks gVkus esa lgk;d
•• vlarks"k ls mRiUu lHkh leL;kvksa dk lek/kkuA
13. ¼d½ vki eukst ;kno gSaA vkids ftys esa [kuu ekfQ;kvksa }kjk LFkkuh; cjlkrh unh ls
cM+h ek=k esa jsr ,oa feV~Vh dk voS/k mR[kuu djok;k tk jgk gSA ;g dk;Z LFkkuh;
iqfyl o usrkvksa ds laj{k.k esa /kM+Yys ls py jgk gSA vki ,d tkx:d ukxfjd gksus ds
ukrs bl lanHkZ esa ftykf/kdkjh] v-c-l- uxj dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A
1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vki 'kkS;Z baVjus'kuy Ldwy] v-c-l- Nk=kokl ds dejk ua-&21 esa jgus okys fot; of'k"B
gSA vius }kjk dh xbZ fdlh Hkwy ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, vius firkth dks yxHkx 100
'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,] ftlesa {kek&izkFkZuk ds lkFk bl Hkwy dks dHkh u nksgjkus dh fourh
Hkh dh xbZ gksA
14. ¼d½ vki usgk JhokLro gSaA vki ,e-ch-ch-,l- dj pqdh gSaA vkidks efgyk fpfdRlky;
esa fpfdRld ds in gsrq vkosnu djuk gSA blds fy, vki viuk ,d laf{kIr Loo`Ùk
¼ck;ksMkVk½ yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vki uhou 'kqDyk gSAa vkidk ySMa ykbu Qksu [kjkc gks x;k gSA Hkkjr lapkj fuxe dks [kjkc
Qksu dh ejEer ds fy, f'kdk;r djrs gq, yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ vkids fo|ky; esa Js;k ?kks"kky dh xk;dh dk dk;ZØe gSA bl lanHkZ esa fdlh izfrf"Br
lekpkj i= esa nsus ;ksX; foKkiu yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ 'kghn&fnol ij 'kghnksa dks ueu djrs gq, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa lans'k fyf[k,A
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izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 7
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

dqaHk esyk Çgnw èkeZ dk lcls cM+k èkkÆed mRlo gS] tks gj 12 lky esa pkj ifo= LFkyksa—ç;kxjkt
¼bykgkckn½] gfj}kj] mTtSu] vkSj ukfld—ij ckjh&ckjh ls vk;ksftr gksrk gSA bl mRlo dk
vk;ktu Çgnw dSysaMj ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gS] tc xzgksa dh fLFkfr fo'ks"k ;ksx cukrh gSA bls ifo=
Luku] è;ku] vkSj èkkÆed vuq"Bkuksa ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls tkuk tkrk gSA dqaHk esys dk lcls egRoiw.kZ
fgLlk *laxe* esa Luku djuk gksrk gS] tks ikiksa ls eqfä fnykus vkSj eks{k çkIr djus dk ekè;e ekuk
tkrk gSA
dqaHk esys dk èkkÆed] lkaL—frd vkSj lkekftd egRo gSA gj lky yk[kksa J)kyq] lkèkq&lar] vkSj
v[kkM+s bl esys esa Hkkx ysrs gSaA v[kkM+ksa dk tqywl vkSj ukxk lkèkqvksa dk Luku bl esys dk fo'ks"k
vkd"kZ.k gksrk gSA dqaHk esyk u dsoy èkkÆed vkLFkk dk dsaæ gS] cfYd Hkkjr dh çkphu laL—fr vkSj
èkjksgj dk çrhd Hkh gSA ;g esyk nqfu;kHkj ds yksxksa ds fy, vkd"kZ.k dk dsaæ cu x;k gS] vkSj bls
;wusLdks }kjk Þekuork dh vewrZ lkaL—frd èkjksgjÞ ds :i esa Hkh ekU;rk feyh gSA
çR;sd dqaHk LFky dk viuk egRo gSA ç;kxjkt dk dqaHk *egkdqaHk* dgykrk gS] tks 12 dqaHk esyksa ds
ckn vkrk gSA bl esys ds nkSjku laxe ¼xaxk] ;equk vkSj v–'; ljLorh ufn;ksa dk laxe½ esa Luku dks
fo'ks"k egRo fn;k tkrk gSA dqaHk esyk u dsoy èkkÆed vuq"Bkuksa dk LFky gS] cfYd ;g ,d lkekftd]
lkaL—frd vkSj vkè;kfRed lekxe Hkh gSA
dFku ¼A½ % dqaHk esyk gj pkj lky esa pkj LFkkuksa ij ckjh&ckjh ls vk;ksftr gksrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % xzgksa dh fo'ks"k fLFkfr vkSj Çgnw dSysaMj ds vuqlkj dqaHk esys dk le; r; fd;k tkrk gSA
¼[k½ dqaHk esys ds èkkÆed vkSj lkaL—frd egRo ds ckjs esa lgh dFku pqfu,%
I- dqaHk esys esa laxe esa Luku dks ikiksa ls eqfä fnykus okyk ekuk tkrk gSA
II- dqaHk esyk flQZ Hkkjr ds lkèkq&larksa rd lhfer gSA
III- dqaHk esyk ;wusLdks }kjk ekU;rk çkIr gSA
IV- gj dqaHk LFky dk viuk vyx èkkÆed egRo gksrk gSA
fodYi–
ii. dFku I] III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I egkdqaHk 1- 12 dqaHk esyksa ds ckn
II laxe 2- xaxk] ;equk vkSj ljLorh dk feyu
III ukxk lkèkq 3- dqaHk esys esa fo'ks"k Luku
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ dqaHk esyk dgk¡&dgk¡ vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bldk èkkÆed egRo D;k gS\
¼³½ dqaHk esyk dks ;wusLdks ls dkSu lh ekU;rk çkIr gS vkSj bldk lkaL—frd egRo D;k gS\

og lqcg fdruh lqanj Fkh]
tc lwjt dh igyh fdj.k
èkjrh ij Nk xÃ FkhA
vkdk'k esa iafN;ksa dh mM+ku]
eèkqj xhr xkrs gq,]
ç—fr dk laxhr ctk jgs FksA
Qwyksa ij fxjh vksl dh cwansa]

lwjt dh fdj.kksa ls ped mBÈ]
tSls eksrh fc[kj x, gksaA
gok esa rktxh Fkh]
vkSj isM+ gkSys&gkSys >we jgs FksA
;g –'; eu dks 'kkafr
vkSj larqyu nsus okyk FkkA
;g og iy Fkk]
tks thou dh lqanjrk dks
thus vkSj eglwl djus dk volj nsrk FkkA
&lqHkæk dqekjh pkSgku
i. jkr dk –';
ii. igkM+ksa dk –';
iii. lqcg dk –';
iv. leqæ dk –';
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa lqcg ds fdu rRoksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. lwjt dh igyh fdj.k dk èkjrh ij vkukA
II. iafN;ksa ds eèkqj xhrA
III. vksl dh cwanksa dk Qwyksa ij fxjukA
IV. isM+ksa dk gkSys&gkSys >weukA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % lqcg dh gok esa rktxh FkhA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd lwjt dh fdj.kksa us gok dks xeZ dj fn;k FkkA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa lqcg ds le; ds fdl –'; dk dof;=h us fo'ks"k :i ls o.kZu fd;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa lqcg ds –'; dk euq"; ds thou ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\

¼d½ os fnYyh esa chekj jgs vkSj irk ugha pykA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ mlds ,d b'kkjs ij yM+fd;k¡ d{kk ls ckgj fudydj ukjs yxkus yxhaA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ firkth dks vglkl ugÈ Fkk fd nksuksa dk jkLrk VdjkgV dk gSA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk
Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ >wB cksyus okyksa ij dksÃ foÜokl ugÈ djrkA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ ewfrZ iRFkj dh Fkh] ysfdu ml ij p'ek vlyh FkkA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ lQ+j dk oDr dkVus ds fy, mUgksaus [khjs [kjhns gkasxsA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ irksgw us vkx nhA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ gkynkj lkgc ugha #dsA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ thi dLck NksM+dj vkxs c<+ xbZA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ deZokP; esa fØ;k lnSo fdl izdkj dh gksrh gS\
¼d½ oDr dkVus ds fy, [khjs [kjhns gksaxsA
¼[k½ BaM+h iqjokbZ py jgh FkhA
¼x½ vkt foKku o ijek.kq&;qx esa lcls uktqd iz'u 'kkafr gh gSA
¼?k½ ckykth dk eafnj lcls Åij vkrk gSA
¼³½ eSaus ;g ;ksX;rk çkIr dh vkSj 'kknh dj ds dksydkrk pyh xÃA
¼d½ js lB lqusfg lqHkkm u eksjkA
¼[k½ fdUrq dgÈ ,slk u gks] fd rqe gh [kkyh djus okysA
¼x½ fny ckny cus] vk¡[ksa cgsus yxhA
¼?k½ yksus&yksus os ?kus pus D;k cus&cus bBykrs gSa] gkSys&gkSys gksyh xk&xk èkqa?k: ij rky ctkrs gSaA
¼³½ eq[; xk;d ds pêku tSls Hkkjh Loj
[kaM & x 30
vc gkynkj lkgc dks ckr dqN&dqN le> esa vkÃA ,d p'esokyk gS ftldk uke dSIVu gSA mls
usrkth dh cxSj p'esokyh ewÆr cqjh yxrh gSA cfYd vkgr djrh gS] ekuks p'es ds cxSj usrkth dks
vlqfoèkk gks jgh gksA blfy, og viuh NksVh&lh nqdku esa miyCèk fxus&pqus Ýseksa esa ls ,d usrkth
dh ewÆr ij fQV dj nsrk gSA ysfdu tc dksÃ xzkgd vkrk gS vkSj mls oSls gh Ýse dh njdkj gksrh gS
tSlk ewÆr ij yxk gS rks dSIVu p'esokyk ewÆr ij yxk Ýse laHkor% usrkth ls {kek ek¡xrs gq, ykdj
xzkgd dks ns nsrk gS vkSj ckn esa usrkth dks nwljk Ýse ykSVk nsrk gSA okg! HkÃ [kwc! D;k vkbfM;k gSA
¼d½ dSIVu p'esokys us usrkth dh ewÆr ij p'ek D;ksa yxk;k\
I. usrkth dks p'es ds fcuk vlqfoèkk gks jgh FkhA
II. ewÆr fcuk p'es ds vèkwjh yx jgh FkhA
III. dSIVu dks p'esokyh ewÆr ilan FkhA
IV. dSIVu usrkth dk lEeku djuk pkgrk FkkA
fodYi%
ii. dFku III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : dSIVu p'esokyk usrkth dh ewÆr ls p'ek dHkh ugÈ gVkrk FkkA
dkj.k (R) : dSIVu ds ikl i;kZIr Ýse Fks] vkSj mls p'es ds fcuk usrkth dh ewÆr vèkwjh yxrh FkhA
fodYi%
¼x½ dSIVu p'esokyk usrkth dh ewÆr ij p'ek fdl fLFkfr esa yxkrk Fkk\
i. tc xzkgd dks u;k Ýse pkfg, gksrk FkkA
ii. tc usrkth dks lEeku nsuk gksrk FkkA
iii. tc mlds ikl vfrfjDr Ýse gksrk FkkA
iv. tc ewÆr dks ltkus dh t+:jr gksrh FkhA
¼?k½ dSIVu p'esokyk usrkth dh ewÆr ls p'ek dc gVkrk Fkk\

i. tc dksÃ xzkgd mlh çdkj dk Ýse ek¡xrk FkkA
ii. tc ewÆr dks lkQ+ djuk gksrk FkkA
iii. tc ewÆr ij dksÃ R;ksgkj gksrk FkkA
iv. tc usrkth dk p'ek VwV tkrk FkkA
I. usrkth ds çfr lEekuA
II. dSIVu p'esokys dh lhfer nqdkunkjhA
III. usrkth dh ewÆr vkSj p'es dk lacaèkA
IV. xzkgdksa dh t:jrsa vkSj dSIVu dh pkykdhA
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds xhrksa esa fufgr Hkko rFkk çHkko dk mYys[k dhft,A
¼[k½ ^y[kuoh vankt* ikB ds vkèkkj ij crkb, fd ys[kd us ;k=k djus ds fy, lsdsaM Dykl dk
fVdV D;ksa [kjhnk\
¼x½ ysf[kdk eUUkw HkaMkjh viuh ek¡ dks vkn'kZ D;ksa ugha cuk ldh\ fdUgha rhu dkj.kksa dk mYYks[k
dhft,A
¼?k½ ukScr[kkus esa bcknr ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft, fd 'kgukÃ dks vjc ns'k esa vkSj Hkkjr esa
fdl mikfèk ls 'kksfHkr fd;k x;k gS\
eu dh eu gh ek¡> jghA
dfg, tkb dkSu iS ÅèkkS] ukgÈ ijr dghA
vofèk vèkkj vkl vkou dh] ru eu fcFkk lghA
vc bu tksx l¡nslfu lqfu&lqfu] fcjfgfu fcjg nghA
pkgfr gqrÈ xqgkfj ftrÇg rSa] mr rSa èkkj cghA
^lwjnkl* vc èkhj èkjÇg D;kSa] ejtknk u yghAA
¼d½ mi;qZDr in esa *eu dh eu gh ek¡> jgh* ls dfo fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr djrk gS\
i. eu dh 'kkafr
ii. eu dh O;kdqyrk
iii. eu dh mnklhurk
iv. eu dh larqf"V
¼[k½ *vc bu tksx l¡nslfu lqfu&lqfu] fcjfgfu fcjg ngh* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. ;ksx dh lkèkuk dh vksj
II. çseh ds lans'k ls feyus okys d"V dh vksj
III. la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx dh Hkkoukvksa dh vksj
IV. çseh ls feyus dh mRlqdrk dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo dk eu 'kkar gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks foÜokl gS fd mldk çseh tYn gh okil vk,xkA
¼?k½ *pkgfr gqrÈ xqgkfj ftrÇg rSa] mr rSa èkkj cgh* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dk o.kZu gS\
i. çseh ds çfr vuqjkx dk
ii. O;Fkk dks O;Dr djus dh pkg dk
iii. çseh ls feyus dh rhoz bPNk dk
iv. ân; dh ihM+k dk
¼³½ *lwjnkl vc èkhj èkjÇg D;kSa] ejtknk u ygh* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. èkS;Z [kksus dk dkj.k
II. thou esa e;kZnk cuk, j[kus dk
III. çse dh vlQyrk dk
IV. lalkj dh {k.kHkaxqjrk dk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ Øksf/kr ij'kqjke dks 'kkar djus ds fy, jke us D;k dgk\ mu opuksa ls mudk dkSu&lk xq.k
>ydrk gSa\
¼[k½ dfo dk LoIu&Hkax fdl thou&lR; dh vksj ladsr djrk gS\
¼x½ ^vV ugha jgh gS* dfork ds vk/kkj ij Qkxqu esa meM+s izkd`frd lkSan;Z dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa
dhft,A
¼?k½ laxrdkj dfork ds lanHkZ esa crkb, fd varjs dh tfVy rkuksa ds taxy esa xk;d ds [kksus ls
D;k vfHkçk; gS\
¼d½ ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB dh ysf[kdk dk eu Q+kSth Nkouh esa fy[ks ôh fxo voj VwMs Q+kWj
;ksj Vqekjks* okD; dks i<+dj mnkl D;ksa gks x;k\ Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB esa cPpksa dh tks nqfu;k jph xbZ gS og vkids cpiu dh nqfu;k ls fdl
rjg fHkUu gS\
¼x½ fgjksf'kek ij fy[kh dfork ys[kd ds var o cká nokcksa dk ifj.kke gS] vki dSls dg ldrs gSa\

¼d½ iznwf"kr xaxk unh

ladsr fcUnq %
•• vkLFkk dk izrhd
•• mn~xe
•• ykHk
•• iznwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k
•• ljdkjh iz;kl
•• mik;
¼[k½ Lokoyacu
ladsr fcUnq %
•• Lokoyacu dk vFkZ
•• vkRefo'okl dh lh<+h
•• LokoyEch lekt jk"Vª dk fgrS"kh
¼x½ vf/kdkj vkSj drZO;
ladsr fcUnq %
•• vf/kdkjksa ls thou dh lqj{kk
•• gekjk drZO;& lcds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk
•• vf/kdkj ds lkFk drZO;&ikyu vfuok;Z
13. ¼d½ nSfud tkxj.k lekpkj&i= ds laiknd dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,] ftlesa
fnYyh esa c<+rh gqbZ vijk/k&o`fÙk dh vksj vf/kdkfj;ksa dk /;ku vkÑ"V djk;k x;k gksA
1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ ^y{; dks fu'kkuk cukvks] HkVdks ugha* dFku dk vk'k; le>krs gq, NksVs HkkbZ dks yxHkx
100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] ubZ fnYYkh esa fyfid inksa ds fjDr LFkkuksa dks Hkjus ds fy, lekpkj&i=
esa foKkiu vk;k gSA ml lanHkZ esa vkosnu ds lkFk ÁLrqr fd, tkus gsrq yxHkx 80
'kCnksa esa ,d Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ uo izdkf'kr iqLrdsa e¡xokus ds fy, us'kuy cqd VªLV dks ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ fdlh gcZy Øhe ds ckjs esa ,d vkd"kZd foKkiu yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A
1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkidh lquSuk nhnh dh lxkbZ gks xbZ gSA mUgsa yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d c/kkbZ&lans'k
fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 8
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

lekt vkSj laL—fr fdlh Hkh ns'k dh igpku vkSj fodkl dh uÈo gksrs gSaA lekt esa yksxksa ds vkilh
lacaèk] ewY;] fu;e vkSj ijaijk,¡ feydj laL—fr dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA Hkkjrh; lekt esa fofoèkrk vkSj
lfg".kqrk dh xgjh tM+sa gSaA Hkkjr dh laL—fr lfn;ksa ls ,drk esa fofoèkrk dh felky jgh gS] tgk¡
fofHkUu èkeZ] Hkk"kk,¡ vkSj ijaijk,¡ ,d lkFk Qyrh&Qwyrh gSaA lekt ds çR;sd oxZ dk laL—fr ds
fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gksrk gS] vkSj blh dkj.k Hkkjrh; laL—fr dks fo'oHkj esa vf}rh; ekuk
tkrk gSA
lekt vkSj laL—fr ds ekè;e ls uSfrd ewY;ksa] Kku vkSj vkn'kks± dk LFkkukarj.k ,d ih<+h ls nwljh
ih<+h rd gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt esa ifjokj dh Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ ekuh tkrh gS] D;ksafd ;gh cPpksa
dks lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd ewY;ksa ls voxr djkrk gSA blds lkFk gh] lekt esa lg&vfLrRo vkSj
vkilh lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dks Hkh egRo fn;k tkrk gSA R;ksgkj] jhfr&fjokt] vkSj lkaL—frd dk;ZØe
lekt dks ,dtqV j[krs gSa vkSj lkewfgd igpku dks etcwr djrs gSaA
Hkkjr ljdkj us laL—fr ds laj{k.k vkSj laoèkZu ds fy, dÃ ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh gSa] ftuesa *lkaL—frd
vknku&çnku dk;ZØe* vkSj *jk"Vªh; lkaL—frd egksRlo* çeq[k gSaA bu dk;ZØeksa dk mís'; fofHkUu
leqnk;ksa ds chp lkaL—frd vknku&çnku dks çksRlkfgr djuk vkSj Hkkjr dh le`) lkaL—frd èkjksgj
dks lajf{kr j[kuk gSA lekt vkSj laL—fr u dsoy O;fäxr fodkl esa lgk;d gksrs gSa] cfYd ns'k
dh çxfr esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % Hkkjrh; lekt esa fofoèkrk vkSj lfg".kqrk dh xgjh tM+sa gSaA
dkj.k ¼R½ % Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa fofHkUu èkeZ] Hkk"kk,¡ vkSj ijaijk,¡ ,d lkFk iuirh gSaA
¼[k½ lekt vkSj laL—fr dk D;k egÙo gS–
I- ;g uSfrd ewY;ksa dk LFkkukarj.k djrk gSA
II- ;g lekt dks ,dtqV j[krk gSA
III- ;g dsoy èkeZ ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA
IV- ;g O;fäxr vkSj lkewfgd igpku dks etcwr djrk gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjrh; lekt dh fo'ks"krk 1- fofoèkrk vkSj lfg".kqrk
II ifjokj dh Hkwfedk 2- lkaL—frd ewY;ksa dk gLrkarj.k
III jk"Vªh; lkaL—frd egksRlo 3- laL—fr dks lajf{kr j[kuk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa lekt vkSj laL—fr ds laj{k.k ds fy, dkSu&lh ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh xÃ gSa\
¼³½ lekt vkSj laL—fr ns'k ds fodkl esa dSls lgk;d gksrs gSa\
gjs Hkjs ou ds chp]
lwjt dh fdj.ksa iÙkksa ij iM+dj]
,d vn~Hkqr –'; cuk jgh FkÈA
unh dk ikuh èkhjs&èkhjs cg jgk Fkk]
vkSj mlds fdukjs [kM+s isM+]
ml ij viuh Nk;k Mky jgs FksA
o`{kksa dh Nk;k vkSj lwjt dh jks'kuh]

feydj ,d lqanj feJ.k cuk jgh FkÈA
lwjt dh gYdh xeÊ vkSj gok dh 'khryrk]
,d vf}rh; larqyu cuk jgh FkhA
;g ç—fr dk vuqie lkSan;Z Fkk]
tks eu dks 'kkar vkSj lqdwu çnku dj jgk FkkA
;g –'; thou ds dfBu {k.kksa esa]
lqdwu vkSj vkjke dk vuqHko djk jgk FkkA
;g og le; Fkk] tc euq"; ç—fr dh xksn esa cSBdj]
gj ,d ruko dks Hkwy tkrk Fkk]
vkSj thou ds u, mRlkg ls Hkj mBrk FkkA
&egknsoh oekZ
i. lwjt vkSj unh dk –';
ii. ioZr dk –';
iii. cQÊyh ?kkVh dk –';
iv. jsfxLrku dk –';
I. lwjt dh fdj.kksa dk isM+ksa ij iM+ukA
II. if{k;ksa dk dyjo okrkoj.k dks thoar cukrk gSA
III. gok dh 'khryrk vkSj lwjt dh xeÊ dk larqyuA
IV. unh dk ikuh èkhjs&èkhjs cg jgk FkkA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½% o`{kksa dh Nk;k vkSj lwjt dh jks'kuh feydj ,d feJ.k cuk jgh FkÈA
dkj.k ¼R½% lwjt dh fdj.ksa o`{kksa ds iÙkksa ij iM+dj Nk;k cuk jgh FkÈA
iv. dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa gh xyr gSaA

¼d½ dkfrd vk;k ugha fd ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh izHkkfr;k¡ 'kq: gqbZ] tks Qkxqu rd pyk djrhaA ¼ljy
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ fgju viuh gh egd ls ijs'kku iwjs taxy esa ml ojnku dks [kkstrk gS ftldh xed mlh esa
lekbZ gSA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ thou dh dqN phtsa gSa ftUgsa ge dksf'k'k djds ik ldrs gSaA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk
Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ ikuokys ds fy, ;g etsnkj ckr Fkh ysfdu gkynkj lkgc ds fy, pfdr dj nsus okyhA ¼feJ
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ T;ksa gh uokc lkgc us [khjs ds Lokn dk vkuan fy;k R;ksa gh mudh iydsa eq¡n vkbZaA ¼jpuk dh
n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ ek¡ us ?kj dh lHkh ftEesnkfj;k¡ fuHkkb±A ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ mlds }kjk Hkxr dks nqfu;knkjh ls fuo`Ùk dj fn;k x;k FkkA ¼drZòkP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ fl)kFkZ us r`".kk ds o'khHkwr ekuork dks lq[k nsus dk ç;kl fd;kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ uokc lkgc us cgqr djhus ls [khjs dh Qk¡dksa ij thjk feyk ued fNM+dkA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn
crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k dk lh/kk o eq[; laca/k drkZ ls gksrk gS\
¼d½ uokc lkgc Fkddj ysV x,A
¼x½ ekuo dks balku cukuk vR;ar gh dfBu dk;Z gS ysfdu vlaHko ughaA
¼?k½ ;g 'kgukÃ oknd cgqr çfl) gSaA
¼³½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh laxhr&lk/kuk dk pje mRd"kZ ml fnu ns[kk x;k tc mudk csVk ejkA
¼d½ fo|qr&Nfc mj esa] dfo] uothou okys!
¼[k½ Qly D;k gS\ vkSj rks dqN ugÈ gS ogA
¼x½ mTToy xkFkk dSls xkÅ¡] eèkqj pk¡nuh jkrksa dhA
¼?k½ jk.kk us lkspk bl ikj] rc rd psrd Fkk ml ikjA
¼³½ tSls lesVrk gks eq[; xk;d dk ihNs NwVk gqvk lkeku
[kaM & x 30
Hkknks dh og va¡èksjh vèkjfr;kA vHkh] FkksM+h gh nsj igys eqlyèkkj o"kkZ [kRe gqÃ gSA cknyksa dh xjt]
fctyh dh rM+i esa vkius dqN ugÈ lquk gks] Çdrq vc f>Yyh dh >adkj ;k nknqjksa dh VjZ&VjZ
ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds laxhr dks vius dksykgy esa Mqcks ugÈ ldrÈA mudh [k¡tM+h fMed&fMed ct
jgh gS vkSj os xk jgs gSa& ^^xksnh esa fi;ok] ped mBs lf[k;k] fpgq¡d mBs uk!** gk¡] fi;k rks xksn esa gh
gS] Çdrq og le>rh gS] og vdsyh gS] ped mBrh gS] fpgq¡d mBrh gSA mlh Hkjs&cknyksa okys Hkknks
dh vkèkh jkr esa mudk ;g xkuk v¡èksjs esa vdLekr dkSaèk mBus okyh fctyh dh rjg fdls u pkSadk
nsrk\ vjs] vc lkjk lalkj fuLrCèkrk esa lks;k gS] ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk laxhr tkx jgk gS] txk jgk
gS! &rsjh xBjh esa ykxk pksj] eqlkfQj tkx tjk!
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds laxhr dks dkSu&lh vkoktsa vius dksykgy esa Mqcks ugÈ ldrh FkÈ\
I. cknyksa dh xjt vkSj fctyh dh rM+iA
II. f>Yyh dh >adkj vkSj nknqjksa dh VjZ&VjZA
III. eqlyèkkj o"kkZA
IV. fctyh dh pedA
fodYi%
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds xkus us v¡èksjs esa lHkh dks pkSadk fn;kA
dkj.k (R) : muds xkus esa fctyh dh rjg vpkud dkSaèkus dk çHkko FkkA
fodYi%
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr fdl le; xkuk xk jgs Fks\

i. Hkknks dh jkr esaA
ii. Hkknks dh va¡èksjh vèkjfr;k esaA
iii. o"kkZ ds ckn dh lqcg esaA
iv. fctyh dh dkSaèk ds lkFkA
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds xhr dk eq[; Hkko D;k Fkk\

i. fi;k dh mifLFkfr vkSj mldh igpkuA
ii. lalkj dh fuLrCèkrkA
iii. eqlkfQj dks tkxus dk lans'kA
iv. laxhr dk çHkkoA
I. Hkknks dh jkr vkSj ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk laxhrA
II. laxhr vkSj fuLrCèkrk dk la?k"kZA
III. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh [k¡tM+h dk çHkkoA
IV. tkxus dk lans'k vkSj thou dh psrukA
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ;fn gkynkj lkgc dks usrkth dh ewfrZ ij p'ek yxk ugha feyrk rks muds eu esa fdl izdkj
dk Hkko vkrk\
¼[k½ ^dk'kh dks laL—fr dh ikB'kkyk D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
¼x½ ys[kd Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u ds vuqlkj fl)kFkZ us viuk x`g&R;kx fdl vis{kk ls fd;k Fkk\
^laLÑfr* ikB ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k,A
¼?k½ uokc lkgc ds ys[kd ds çfr loZçFke lacksèku ls muds fo"k; esa vkidh D;k lksp curh gS\
rFkk ys[kd ds çR;qÙkj esa mudh çfrfØ;k vkidh –f"V esa dSlh Fkh\
ukFk laHkqèkuq HkatfugkjkA gksbfg dsm ,d nkl rqEgkjkAA
vk;slq dkg dfgv fdu eksghA lqfu fjlkb cksys eqfu dksghAA
lsodq lks tks djS lsodkÃA vfjdjuh dfj dfjv yjkÃAA
lqugq jke tsfg floèkuq rksjkA lglckgq le lks fjiq eksjkAA
lks fcyxkm fcgkb lektkA u r ekjs tSgÇg lc jktkAA
lqfu eqfucpu y[ku eqlqdkusA cksys ijlqèkjfg voekusAA
cgq èkuqgh rksjh yfjdkb±A dcgq¡ u vfl fjl dhfUg xkslkb±AA
;sfg èkuq ij eerk dsfg gsrwA lqfu fjlkb dg Hk`xqdqydsrwAA
¼d½ *ukFk laHkqèkuq Hkatfugkjk* esa fdl ?kVuk dh vksj ladsr gS\
i. f'koth ds èkuq"k ds VwVus dh vksj
ii. jke dh fot; dh vksj
iii. y{e.k ds Øksèk dh vksj
iv. ij'kqjke ds èkuq"k dh vksj
¼[k½ *lqugq jke tsfg floèkuq rksjk* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. jke dh ohjrk
II. ij'kqjke dk vieku
III. f'koèkuq"k rksM+us ds ifj.kke dh psrkouh
IV. ;q) dh 'kq#vkr
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : ij'kqjke dks jke ij Øksèk gSA
dkj.k (R) : ij'kqjke dks yxrk gS fd jke us f'koèkuq"k rksM+dj mudk vieku fd;k gSA
¼?k½ *lqfu eqfucpu y[ku eqlqdkus* iafDr esa y{e.k ds eqLdqjkus dk D;k dkj.k gks ldrk gS\
i. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dk etkd cukus ds fy,
ii. vius ohjrk ds xq.kksa dk çn'kZu djus ds fy,
iii. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dks pqukSrh nsus ds fy,
iv. jke ds leFkZu esa [kM+s gksus ds fy,
¼³½ *;sfg èkuq ij eerk dsfg gsrw* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vfHkO;fDr gS\
I. ij'kqjke dh ukjktxh
II. f'koèkuq"k ds çfr ij'kqjke dh vklfDr
III. jke ds çfr ij'kqjke dk lEeku
IV. ;q) dh bPNk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ laxrdkj dk Loj fdu&fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa eq[; xk;d ds Loj dks <k¡<l c¡èkkrk gS\
¼[k½ narqfjr eqldku ls cPPks dh mez dk vuqeku yxkb, vkSj rdZ lfgr mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ xksfi;ksa ds vuqlkj jkt/keZ D;k gksuk pkfg,\
¼?k½ dfo dks *vkRedF;* ds ek/;e ls viuh xkxj [kkyh gksrh gqbZ D;ksa izrhr gksrh gS\ muds vuqlkj
mldk jl ysdj viuh Hkjus okyksa ds :i esa fdu yksxksa dk Mj gS\
¼d½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB esa xzkE; laLÑfr ds ftl :i dk fp=.k gS& og vk/kqfud ;qx esa i;kZIr
va'kksa esa ifjofrZr gks pqdk gSA ifjofrZr :i ls dqN mnkgj.k nsrs gq, bl dFku ds leFkZu esa
vius fopkj fyf[k,A
¼[k½ ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ;k=k o`Ùkkar esa of.kZr ,slh ?kVuk dk mYys[k dhft, ftlus vkidks cgqr
ÁHkkfor fd;k gksA
¼x½ ys[kd ds vuqlkj izR;{k vuqHko dh vis{kk vuqHkwfr muds ys[ku esa dgha vf/kd enn djrh gSa]
D;ksa\

¼d½ fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa c<+rk Øks/k % dkj.k vkSj fuokj.k

ladsr fcanq %
•• vkt dk HkkSfrdoknh ;qx vkSj fo|kFkhZZ
•• fgald daI;wVj xsEl o fQYeksa dk izHkko
•• dkedkth ekrk&firk }kjk le; u fn;k tkuk
•• mik;&cpksa dks laLdkjksa ls tksM+sa
•• ekrk&firk cPPkksa ls utnhdh cuk,¡ rFkk mUgsa le; nsa
¼[k½ dSlk 'kklu] fcu vuq'kklu
ladsr fcanq %
•• vuq'kklu dk vFkZ
•• vuq'kkflr thou ,d vkn'kZ thou
•• vuq'kklu esa jgdj gh lQyrk
•• orZeku ifjos'k vkSj vuq'kklu dh fLFkfr
•• thou esa vuq'kklu dk egÙo
¼x½ iznw"k.k dh leL;k

ladsr fcanq %
•• iznw"k.k dk vFkZ
•• vkS|ksfxd o oSKkfud ;qx
•• iznw"k.k dk c<+rk Lo:i
•• tkx:drk dh deh
•• bls nwj djus ds mik;
•• ljdkjh iz;klksa ds lkFk tu&lg;ksx vko';d
13. ¼d½ vkids lsDVj dk ikdZ csgn [kjkc gkyr esa gSA bldk lkSna ;hZdj.k djokus dk vuqjks/k djrs gq,
lfpo] fodkl izkf/kdj.k] v-c-l- uxj dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1 # 5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ ^;ksx&fnol* ij vkius ,d fo'kky ;ksx&f'kfoj esa Hkkx fy;k FkkA ;ksx ds ykHk rFkk ml
volj dk o.kZu djrs gq, vius fe= dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vki jktho HkkxZo gSaA vkius vFkZ'kkL= fo"k; esa vf/kLukrd dh fMxzh ÁkIr dh gSA vki
tks/kiqj esa lkaf[;dh vf/kdkjh ds in ds fy, vkosnu djuk pkgrs gSaA blds fy, viuk
,d laf{kIr Loo`Ùk ¼ck;ksMkVk½ yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vki xkaxqyh fØdsV Dyc ds Áca/kd gSaA vkius fÁ;k xsEl ,aM LiksV~lZ] ch lar uxj]
jryke dks ckWy vkSj cSV~l dk vkWMZj Hkstk FkkA ianzg fnu ckn Hkh lkeku u ÁkIr gksus
ij QeZ dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ dhfrZ ToSylZ }kjk Mk;eaM ToSyjh dh [kjhn ij vkSj vU; izdkj dh ToSyjh dh cuokbZ ij
30 izfr'kr dh NwV nh tk jgh gSA blds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj
dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ cky&fnol ij yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 9
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

i;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k vkSj laoèkZu vkt ds le; dh lcls cM+h t:jr gSA i;kZoj.k esa lHkh çk—frd
rRo tSls ok;q] ty] feêh] isM+&ikSèks] vkSj tho&tUrq 'kkfey gksrs gSaA bu rRoksa ds chp larqyu cuk,
j[kuk vR;ar vko';d gS] D;ksafd ekuo thou dk lhèkk lacaèk i;kZoj.k ls gSA tc i;kZoj.k esa vlarqyu
iSnk gksrk gS] rks bldk nq"çHkko euq";ksa vkSj vU; thoksa ij iM+rk gSA çnw"k.k] ouksa dh dVkÃ] ty
ladV] vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu tSlh leL;k,a orZeku esa i;kZoj.k dks xaHkhj :i ls çHkkfor dj jgh gSaA
Hkkjr ljdkj us i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, dÃ egRoiw.kZ dne mBk, gSaA buesa *LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku*]
*ty 'kfä vfHk;ku*] vkSj *o`{kkjksi.k vfHk;ku* tSlh ;kstuk,¡ 'kkfey gSaA bu vfHk;kuksa dk mís';
i;kZoj.k dks lqjf{kr j[kus vkSj yksxksa dks i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds çfr tkx:d djuk gSA o`{kkjksi.k vkSj
ty laj{k.k ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k tk jgk gS] rkfd vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, Hkh çk—frd lalkèkuksa
dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA blds lkFk gh] çnw"k.k dks de djus ds fy, lksyj iSuy vkSj
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksrksa ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA
i;kZoj.k dks lqjf{kr j[kus dh ftEesnkjh dsoy ljdkj dh ugÈ] cfYd gj O;fä dh gSA gesa
IykfLVd dk mi;ksx de djuk] ikuh dh cckZnh jksduk] vkSj o`{kkjksi.k tSls NksVs&NksVs ç;klksa ds
ekè;e ls i;kZoj.k dh j{kk djuh pkfg,A ;g u dsoy vkt ds fy,] cfYd vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa ds
fy, Hkh vko';d gSA
dFku ¼A½ % i;kZoj.k esa larqyu cuk, j[kuk ekuo thou ds fy, vko';d gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % i;kZoj.k dk vlarqyu ekuo thou ij çfrdwy çHkko Mkyrk gSA
¼[k½ i;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k D;ksa vko';d gS–
I- ;g thou ds fy, vko';d rRoksa dk larqyu cuk, j[krk gSA
II- ;g çnw"k.k dks c<+krk gSA
III- ;g ty ladV dks de djrk gSA
IV- ;g dsoy ouksa ds fy, gSA
fodYi–
iv. dFku I] III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I o`{kkjksi.k dk egÙo 1- çnw"k.k de djuk
II ty 'kfä vfHk;ku dk mís'; 2- ty laj{k.k
III lkSj ÅtkZ dk egÙo 3- uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksr dk mi;ksx
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, dkSu&lh ljdkjh ;kstuk,a pykÃ tk jgh gSa\
¼³½ i;kZoj.k laj{k.k O;fäxr vkSj lkewfgd Lrj ij D;ksa vko';d gS\
gj ,d lqcg ,d uÃ vk'kk ysdj vkrh gS]
jkr ds vaèksjksa dks ihNs NksM+]
u, liuksa dk mtkyk fc[ksjrh gSA
lwjt dh igyh fdj.k
gj fny esa mEehn dk nhi tykrh gSA
;g thou dk pØ gS]
tks fujarj pyrk jgrk gSA
dHkh jkr] rks dHkh fnu]

dHkh dfBukb;k¡] rks dHkh lekèkkuA
thou dh ;g ;k=k]
gesa gj eksM+ ij uÃ lh[k nsrh gS]
vkSj gesa l'kä cukrh gSA
gj dfBukÃ ds ckn
,d u;k lw;ksZn; gksrk gS]
tks gekjs thou dks jks'ku djrk gSA
gj lqcg] ,d uÃ 'kq#vkr dh dgkuh dgrh gS]
vkSj gesa thou ds la?k"kks± esa
vkxs c<+us dk lkgl nsrh gSA
&egknsoh oekZ
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdldk çrhdkRed :i ls mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
i. lwjt
ii. jkr
iii. thou
iv. ;k=k
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa thou ds fdu igyqvksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
I. gj lqcg uÃ mEehn ysdj vkrh gSA
II. thou ,d fujarj pyus okyk pØ gSA
III. dfBukb;k¡ vkSj lekèkku lkFk pyrs gSaA
IV. la?k"kks± ds ckn thou esa u;k mtkyk gksrk gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % gj lqcg thou esa uÃ pqukSfr;k¡ ysdj vkrh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd thou dk pØ fujarj pyrk jgrk gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dof;=h us thou ds fdl igyw ij tksj fn;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfBukb;ksa ds ckn feyus okyh mEehn vkSj lekèkku ij D;k lans'k fn;k x;k gS\

¼d½ zU;wVu us xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds fl)kar dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] D;ksafd og laLd`r ekuo FkkA ¼ljy okD;
esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ eafnj ds foxzgksa dks irk ugha fdruh le> gS] tks jkst cny&cnydj eqyrkuh] dY;k.k] yfyr
vkSj dHkh HkSjo jkxksa dks lqurs jgrs gSaA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ firkth dks vglkl ugha Fkk fd nksuksa dk jkLrk VdjkgV dk gSA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk
Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ ,d ekU;rk ds vuqlkj mudk tUe eFkqjk ds fudV #udrk esa gqvk FkkA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ lsukuh u gksus ij Hkh yksx mls dSIVu dgrs FksA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ iku dgha vkxsa [kk ysaxsa ¼deZokP; eas cnfy,½
¼[k½ bl fnu nkyeaMh esa 'kgukbZ ctkbZ tkrh FkhA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ eUuw us pkSiM+ ij Hkk"k.k fn;kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ muls cFkZZ ij lqfo/kk ls cSBk ugha tk jgk FkkA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k ds fyax vkSj opu deZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa\
¼d½ esnk Hkh esjk det++ksj gSA
¼[k½ vius mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc gSaA
¼x½ firk th dk lkezkT; Fkk tgk¡ os fugk;r vO;ofLFkr <ax ls QSyh&fc[kjh iqLrdksa ds chp jgrs
FksA
¼?k½ ;g Fkh mudh vkf[kjh nyhyA
¼³½ mlds Bhd lkeus tkdj vVsa'ku esa [kM+s gks x,A
¼d½ Hkwjh&dkyh&lanyh feêh dk xq.k èkeZA
¼[k½ eq[; xk;d tc varjs dh tfVy rkuksa ds taxy esa [kks pqdk gksrk gSA
¼x½ rkt egy lk ?kjA
¼?k½ vkyxu esa vkrs&vkrs] eqlD;k dj tks Hkkx x;kA
¼³½ eS;k eSa rks pUæ&f[kykSuk ySgksaA
[kaM&x 30
eqQ+fLly dh iSlsatj Vªsu py iM+us dh mrkoyh esa Qw¡dkj jgh FkhA vkjke ls lsdaM Dykl esa tkus ds
fy, nke vfèkd yxrs gSaA nwj rks tkuk ugÈ FkkA HkhM+ ls cpdj] ,dkar esa u;h dgkuh ds lacaèk esa
lksp ldus vkSj f[kM+dh ls çk—frd –'; ns[k ldus ds fy, fVdV lsdaM Dykl dk gh ys fy;kA
xkM+h NwV jgh FkhA lsdaM Dykl ds ,d NksVs fMCcs dks [kkyh le>dj] tjk nkSM+dj mlesa p<+
x,A vuqeku ds çfrdwy fMCck futZu ugÈ FkkA ,d cFkZ ij y[kuÅ dh uokch uLy ds ,d lQsniks'k
lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA lkeus nks rkts&fpdus [khjs rkSfy, ij j[ks FksA fMCcs esa
gekjs lglk dwn tkus ls lTTu dh vk¡[kksa esa ,dkar Çpru esa fo?u dk vlarks"k fn[kkÃ fn;kA lkspk]
gks ldrk gS] ;g Hkh dgkuh ds fy, lw> dh Çprk esa gksa ;k [khjs&tSlh vinkFkZ oLrq dk 'kkSd djrs
ns[k tkus ds ladksp esa gksaA uokc lkgc us laxfr ds fy, mRlkg ugÈ fn[kk;kA geus Hkh muds lkeus
dh cFkZ ij cSBdj vkRelEeku esa vk¡[ksa pqjk yhA
¼d½ ys[kd us lsdaM Dykl dk fVdV D;ksa fy;k\
I. nwj tkuk FkkA
II. HkhM+ ls cpdj ,dkar esa lkspus ds fy,A
III. f[kM+dh ls çk—frd –'; ns[kus ds fy,A
IV. vkjke ls cSBus ds fy,A
fodYi%
iii. dFku II, III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iv. dsoy dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : ys[kd us Vªsu ds fMCcs esa lTtu ls laokn LFkkfir fd;kA
dkj.k (R) : lTtu dk ,dkarfç; LoHkko Fkk] blfy, laokn vko';d ugÈ FkkA
fodYi%
¼x½ fMCcs esa ys[kd ds lkFk vkSj dkSu cSBk Fkk\
i. lQsniks'k lTtuA
ii. [khjs cspus okyk O;fDrA
iii. ,dkar esa lkspus okyk O;fDrA
iv. ys[kd vdsys FksA
¼?k½ lQsniks'k lTtu dh çfrfØ;k D;k Fkh\

i. mUgksaus ys[kd dk Lokxr fd;kA
ii. mUgksaus laxfr esa dksÃ mRlkg ugÈ fn[kk;kA
iii. os ys[kd ls ckr djus yxsA
iv. mUgksaus ys[kd dks cFkZ nhA
I. ;k=k ds nkSjku ys[kd dk vuqHkoA
II. lQsniks'k lTtu dk ,dkarfç; LoHkkoA
III. ys[kd dh vkRelEeku dh HkkoukA
IV. Vªsu ;k=k esa lkekftd cksèkA
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ firkth ds d‚yst cqyk, tkus ij ysf[kdk dks fdl ckr dk Hk; Fkk\
¼[k½ ^^mudk csVk chekj gS] bldh [kcj j[kus dh yksxksa dks dgk¡ Qqjlr** dFku ls yksxksa dh fdl
ekufldrk dk vkHkkl feyrk gSa\ ckyxksfcu ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼x½ gkynkj lkgc us Mªkboj dks igys pkSjkgs ij xkM+h jksdus ds fy, euk fd;k Fkk] ysfdu ckn esa
rqjar jksdus dks D;ksa dgk\
¼?k½ ^dSlk O;fDr fuBYYkk ugha cSB ldrk*A laLÑfr ikB ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
vV ugÈ jgh gS
vkHkk Qkxqu dh ru
lV ugÈ jgh gSA
dgÈ lk¡l ysrs gks]
?kj&?kj Hkj nsrs gks]
mM+us dks uHk esa rqe]
ij&ij dj nsrs gks]
vk¡[k gVkrk gw¡ rks]
gV ugÈ jgh gSA
iÙkksa ls ynh Mky]
dgÈ gjh] dgÈ yky]
dgÈ iM+h gS mj esa]

ean&xaèk&iq"i&eky]
ikV&ikV 'kksHkk&Jh]
iV ugÈ jgh gSA
¼d½ *vkHkk Qkxqu dh ru lV ugÈ jgh gS* iafDr esa dfo fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr djrk gS\
i. Qkxqu ds lkSan;Z dh Hkjekj
ii. ç—fr dh fujarjrk
iii. thou dh {k.kHkaxqjrk
iv. Qkxqu ds vkxeu dh çrh{kk
¼[k½ *dgÈ lk¡l ysrs gks] ?kj&?kj Hkj nsrs gks* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. olar dh vkgV
II. çse dh vuqHkwfr
III. thou dh fujarjrk
IV. lekt esa çse dh deh
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo dks Qkxqu dk lkSan;Z vkdÆ"kr dj jgk gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks yxrk gS fd Qkxqu ds ekSle esa ç—fr viuh lqanjrk dk Hkjiwj çn'kZu djrh gSA
¼?k½ *iÙkksa ls ynh Mky] dgÈ gjh] dgÈ yky* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. olar _rq ds lkSan;Z dh vksj
ii. ir>M+ ds ckn u, iÙkksa ds vkus dh vksj
iii. thou ds mrkj&p<+ko dh vksj
iv. ç—fr dh fofoèkrk dh vksj
¼³½ *iV ugÈ jgh gS* iafDr esa dfo fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. Qkxqu ds lkSan;Z dh vn~Hkqrrk
II. ç—fr ds jax&fcjaxs –';
III. thou dh vfuf'prrk
IV. ekSle ds cnyko dh lqanjrk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ xksfi;ksa us viuh rqyuk fdlls dh gS vkSj D;ksa\
¼[k½ y{e.k us ^dqEgM+cfr;k* dk mnkgj.k nsdj vius O;fDrRo dh fdl fo'ks"krk dh vksj ladsr fd;k
gSa\
¼x½ *Hkksyh vkRedFkk* ds ek/;e ls dfo D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
¼?k½ f'k'kq ds feêh esa lus 'kjhj dks ns[kdj dfo dks dSlk yxrk gS\
¼d½ êkrk dk vk¡py* ikB esa oÆ.kr cStw dkSu Fkk\ mlus D;k 'kjkjr dh Fkh rFkk mlds dkj.k
HkksykukFk dks fdl çdkj dh ;kruk lguh iM+h\ ckydksa }kjk dh xÃ bl çdkj dh 'kjkjrksa ds
fo"k; esa vius Li"V fopkj fyf[k,A
¼[k½ ^dVkvksa* dgk¡ gS\ mlds ÁkÑfrd lkSan;Z dks vius 'kCnksa esa ÁLrqr dhft,A
¼x½ êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd&
1- ys[kd dks dkSu&lh ckrsa fy[kus ds fy, izsfjr djrh gSa\
2- fdlh jpukdkj ds izsj.kk&lzksr fdlh nwljs dks dqN Hkh jpus ds fy, fdl rjg mRlkfgr
dj ldrs gSa\

¼d½ dksjksuk ok;jl

ladsr fcUnq %
•• dksjksuk ok;jl dk laØe.k
•• ykWdMkmu ds ldkjkRed ÁHkko
•• cpko ds mik;
¼[k½ la?k"kZ dh ifj.kfr fot;
ladsr fcUnq %
•• la?k"kZ'khy thou
•• pqukSrh vkSj la?k"kZ
•• fot; dh [kq'kh
¼x½ ;kn vkrk gS fo|ky; dk Ákax.k

ladsr fcUnq %
•• fo|ky; dh eLrh
•• fe=ksa dk lkFk
•• d{kk dh i<+kbZ
13. ¼d½ vki lfpu esgjk@Lokfr vkgqtk gSAa ,d nSfud lekpkj i= nSfud tkxj.k ds laiknd dks viuh
dfork Ádkf'kr djokus dk vuqjks/k djrs gq, 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vki euh"k flag@vfurk jkor gSaA fo|ky; esa ÁFke vkus ij bldh lwpuk nsrs
gq, viuh ekrkth dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k, vkSj /kU;okn
nhft, fd vkids lkFk os Hkh jkrksa esa tkxrh jgha] blfy, ;g laHko gqvkA
14. ¼d½ vki vius vkidks MkW- iwtk 'kekZ ekurs gq, efgyk fpfdRlky; esa efgyk fpfdRld
¼izlwfr fo'ks"kK½ ds in gsrq vkosnu djus ds fy, ,d Loo`Ùk yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa rS;kj
dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ ou&egksRlo ds volj ij vki ikS/kkjksi.k djuk pkgrs gSaA uxj ds m|ku vf/kdkjh dks
yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZesy fy[kdj ikS/kksa dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy, vkxzg dhft,A
15. ¼d½ bl cjlkr esa vkius dqN ikS/k rS;kj dh gSaA ftUgsa vki fu%'kqYd forfjr djuk pkgrs gSaA
lkslk;Vh lfpo dh rjQ ls yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu RkS;kj dhft,A 1 # 4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkidk fe= vkstLoh igyh ckj ,d ukV~; izLrqfr esa Hkkx ys jgk gSA mlds fy, yxHkx
40 'kCnksa esa ,d 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 10
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

Hkkjr esa ty laj{k.k ,d vR;fèkd egRoiw.kZ eqík curk tk jgk gSA ty lalkèkuksa dh lhfer miyCèkrk
vkSj c<+rh tula[;k ds dkj.k ikuh dh ekax rsth ls c<+ jgh gSA [kkldj] —f"k {ks= esa ikuh dh
vko';drk vR;fèkd gksrh gS] D;ksafd ÇlpkÃ ds fy, vfèkd ek=k esa ikuh dh t:jr gksrh gSA Hkkjrh;
fdlku eq[; :i ls ÇlpkÃ ds fy, ufn;ksa] >hyksa vkSj Hkwty dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] ysfdu ty lalkèkuksa
dk lgh mi;ksx u gksus ds dkj.k dÃ {ks=ksa esa ty ladV mRiUu gks x;k gSA bldk lcls cM+k çHkko
lw[kk çHkkfor {ks=ksa vkSj 'kgjh bykdksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gS] tgka ikuh dh deh xaHkhj leL;k cu
xÃ gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ty laj{k.k vR;ar vko';d gks x;k gS] rkfd vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa ds fy,
ty dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA
ljdkj us ty laj{k.k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, *ty thou fe'ku* vkSj *ty 'kfä vfHk;ku* tSlh
;kstuk,a 'kq: dh gSaA bu ;kstukvksa dk mís'; ty lap;u] ty iquHkZj.k] vkSj ty lzksrksa ds laj{k.k dks
çksRlkfgr djuk gSA lkFk gh] lw[kk çHkkfor {ks=ksa esa lw{e ÇlpkÃ i)fr dks viukus ij Hkh tksj fn;k
tk jgk gS] ftlls ikuh dh cckZnh dks jksdk tk ldsA ljdkj }kjk tkx:drk vfHk;kuksa ds ekè;e
ls yksxksa dks ty laj{k.k ds egRo ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nh tk jgh gSA bu vfHk;kuksa ds varxZr ikuh
cpkus ds fy, o"kkZ ty lap;u] ikuh dk iqu% mi;ksx] vkSj ty ds lgh çcaèku tSlh rduhdksa dk
ç;ksx djus ij tksj fn;k tkrk gSA ty laj{k.k u dsoy i;kZoj.k ds fy,] cfYd ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk
vkSj Hkfo"; dh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA
dFku ¼A½ % Hkkjr esa ty laj{k.k dh vko';drk c<+rh tk jgh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % ty lalkèkuksa dk lgh mi;ksx u gksus ds dkj.k dÃ {ks=ksa esa ty ladV mRiUu gqvk gSA
¼[k½ Hkkjr esa ty laj{k.k D;ksa vko';d gS–
I- ty lalkèku lhfer gSaA
II- ikuh dh c<+rh ekax gSA
III- —f"k {ks= esa ikuh dh vfèkd vko';drk gksrh gSA
IV- ty ladV ls cpus ds fy,A
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjr dk çeq[k ty laj{k.k vfHk;ku 1- ty thou fe'ku
II lw[kk çHkkfor {ks=ksa ds fy, ÇlpkÃ i)fr 2- lw{e ÇlpkÃ
III ty lap;u dh rduhd 3- o"kkZ ty lap;u
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼2½] II ¼3½] III ¼1½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa ty laj{k.k c<+kus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk dkSu&lh ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh xÃ gSa\
¼³½ ty laj{k.k ls dSls Hkfo"; dh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, ty dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldrh gS\

lkxj dh ygjsa]
fujarj fdukjs ls Vdjkrh gSaA
gj ygj ,d uÃ dgkuh dgrh gS]
thou ds la?k"kks± dh]
tks dHkh #drs ugÈA
ygjksa dh bl vkokt+ esa
thou dk laxhr fNik gSA

lwjt dh fdj.kksa ls pedrk ikuh]
ekuks Lo.kZ dh pknj fcN xÃ gksA
;g –'; gesa ;g fl[kkrk gS
fd thou ds gj eksM+ ij
la?k"kZ rks gksaxs]
ij var esa gj ygj]
lkxj dh xgjkb;ksa ls fey tkrh gS]
vkSj thou viuh jkg ik ysrk gSA
;g vuar lkxj]
gesa èkS;Z] lgu'khyrk
vkSj fujarjrk dk ikB i<+krk gSA
&eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl çk—frd rRo dk eq[; :i ls o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
i. ioZr
ii. unh
iii. lkxj
iv. vkdk'k
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa lkxj dh ygjksa ds fdu xq.kksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
I. ygjsa fujarj fdukjs ls Vdjkrh jgrh gSaA
II. ygjksa esa thou dk laxhr fNik gSA
III. ygjsa la?k"kks± dh çrhd gSaA
IV. ygjsa lkxj dh xgjkb;ksa ls fey tkrh gSaA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % lkxj dh ygjsa la?k"kZ dh çrhd gSaA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd ygjsa fujarj fdukjs ls Vdjkdj viuh fn'kk cnyrh gSaA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa lkxj dh ygjksa dk thou ds la?k"kks± ls D;k lacaèk crk;k x;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us lkxj dks fdl çdkj ls thou ds çrhd ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k gS\

¼d½ ogh iqjkuk ckykth dk eafnj tgk¡ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks ukScr[kkus fj;kt+ ds fy, tkuk iM+rk gSA
¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ firkth ds O;fäRo ds dqN ldkjkRed igyw fxjrh vkÆFkd fLFkfr ds dkj.k u"V gks x,A ¼la;qDr
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ckyxksfcu tkurs gSa fd vc cq<+kik vk x;kA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ blh ckylqyHk g¡lh esa dbZ ;knsa can gSaA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ usrkth dh vk¡[kksa ij p'ek Fkk ysfdu laxejej dk ugha FkkA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn
fyf[k,½
¼d½ vc xk;d laxrdkjksa dk vknj ugha djrsA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ gkynkj lkgc }kjk ewÆr dk fujh{k.k fd;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ firkth us vius cPpksa dks vkÆFkd fLFkfr dk Hkkxhnkj ugÈ cuk;kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr }kjk [ksr esa jksikÃ dh tk jgh FkhA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fØ;k dk fyax] opu] iq#"k deZ ds vuqlkj gksus ij okD; esa dkSu&lk okP; gksrk gS\
¼d½ [khjk yth+t+ gksrk gSA
¼x½ vkt foKku o ijek.kq&;qx esa lcls ukt+qd iz'u 'kkafr gh gSA
¼?k½ jhM ujdV ls cukÃ tkrh gSA
¼³½ pk;&ikuh ;k uk'rk nsus tkrh] rks firkth eq>s Hkh ogÈ cSBus dks dgrsA
¼d½ Qwys fQjrs gksa Qwy Lo;a mM+&mM+ oàrksa ls oàrksa ijA
¼[k½ vjh ljyrs rsjh g¡lh mM+kÅ¡ eSaA
¼x½ cankS xq#in inqi ijkxkA
¼?k½ Nqvr VwV j?kqifr u nks"kq] eqfu fcuq dkt dfjvdr jks"kq
¼³½ çkr% uHk Fkk] cgqr xhyk 'ka[k tSlsA
[kaM & x 30
'kk;n fxjrh vkÆFkd fLFkfr us gh muds O;fDrRo ds lkjs ldkjkRed igyqvksa dks fupksM+uk 'kq# dj
fn;kA fldqM+rh vkÆFkd fLFkfr ds dkj.k vkSj vfèkd foLQkfjr mudk vga mUgsa bl ckr rd dh
vuqefr ugÈ nsrk Fkk fd os de&ls&de vius cPpksa ds rks viuh vkÆFkd foo'krkvksa dk Hkkxhnkj
cuk,¡\ uokch vknrsa] vèkwjh egÙodka{kk,¡] ges'kk 'kh"kZ ij jgus ds ckn gkf'k, ij ljdrs pys tkus ij
;kruk Øksèk cudj ges'kk ek¡ dks d¡ikrh&FkjFkjkrh jgrh FkhA viuksa ds gkFkksa fo'okl?kkr dh tkus
dSlh xgjh pksVsa gksxh os] ftUgksaus vk¡[ksa ew¡ndj lcdk fo'okl djus okys firk dks ckn ds fnuksa esa
bruk 'kôh cuk fn;k Fkk fd tc&rc ge yksx Hkh mldh pisV esa vkrs jgrsA
¼d½ firk ds O;fDrRo esa fdl pht+ us udkjkRed çHkko Mkyuk 'kq: fd;k\
I. fxjrh vkÆFkd fLFkfr
II. vèkwjh egÙodka{kk,¡
III. uokch vknrsa
IV. fo'okl?kkr
fodYi%
dFku (A) : firk vius cPpksa dks vkÆFkd foo'krkvksa dk Hkkxhnkj cukuk ugÈ pkgrs FksA
dkj.k (R) : mudk vgadkj mUgsa viuh leL;kvksa dks cPpksa ds lkFk lk>k djus dh vuqefr ugÈ nsrk
FkkA
fodYi%
¼x½ ek¡ fdl dkj.k ls d¡ikrh jgrh FkÈ\
i. firk dh vèkwjh egÙodka{kkvksa ds dkj.kA
ii. firk ds Øksèk ds dkj.kA
iii. vkÆFkd foo'krkvksa ds dkj.kA
iv. fo'okl?kkr ds dkj.kA
¼?k½ firk dks 'kôh fdl dkj.k ls dgk x;k gS\

i. vkÆFkd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.kA
ii. viuksa ds gkFkksa fo'okl?kkr ds dkj.kA
iii. uokch vknrksa ds dkj.kA
iv. egÙodka{kkvksa ds vèkwjs jgus ds dkj.kA
I. firk dh vkÆFkd foo'krk,¡
II. ek¡ dh ;kruk,¡
III. firk dk 'kôh LoHkko
Iv. fo'okl?kkr vkSj mldk çHkko
fodYi%
¼d½ 'kgukÃ vkSj Mqejk¡o ,d&nwljs ds iwjd gSa] dSls\
¼[k½ lQsniks'k 'kCn dk vFkZ fy[kdj crkb, fd jsy esa lkeus dh cFkZ ij cSBs lTtu [khjk [kkus esa
ladksp D;ksa dj jgs Fks\
¼x½ êkuo&laLÑfr* ,d vfoHkkT; oLrq gSA* bl dFku dks la{ksi esa le>kb,A
¼?k½ dkÆrd ekl esa ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh dkSu&lh laxhr ;k=k çkjaHk gksrh Fkh\ ;g laxhr ;k=k fdl
LFky ij fdl oä laiUu gksrh Fkh\
,d ds ugÈ] nks ds ugÈ]
<sj lkjh ufn;ksa ds ikuh dk tknw%
,d ds ugÈ] nks ds ugÈ]
yk[k&yk[k dksfV&dksfV gkFkksa ds Li'kZ dh xfjek%
,d dh ugÈ nks dh ugÈ]
gtkj&gtkj [ksrksa dh feêh dk xq.k èkeZ%
¼d½ *<sj lkjh ufn;ksa ds ikuh dk tknw* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. ufn;ksa ds egRo dh vksj
ii. ikuh dh LoPNrk dh vksj
iii. ufn;ksa dh ifo=rk dh vksj
iv. ty ds çfr lekt ds ;ksxnku dh vksj
¼[k½ *yk[k&yk[k dksfV&dksfV gkFkksa ds Li'kZ dh xfjek* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. lekt ds gkFkksa dh esgur
II. ,drk vkSj lkewfgd ç;kl
III. gkFkksa ds Li'kZ ls feyus okys vk'khokZn
IV. Je dh xfjek
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo ufn;ksa vkSj feêh dh egÙkk dks mtkxj djrk gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks yxrk gS fd ty vkSj Hkwfe lekt dh çxfr esa ;ksxnku nsrs gSa] D;ksafd Je ds
fcuk budk dksÃ ewY; ugÈA
¼?k½ *gtkj&gtkj [ksrksa dh feêh dk xq.k èkeZ* iafDr esa fdldk o.kZu gS\
i. feêh dh moZjrk dk
ii. [ksrksa dh fofoèkrk dk
iii. feêh dh fof'k"Vrk dk
iv. fdlkuksa ds Je dk
¼³½ *,d dh ugÈ nks dh ugÈ* bl iafDr esa dfo D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
I. lekt esa gj O;fDr dk ;ksxnku
II. lekt dh fofoèkrk
III. ,drk esa 'kfDr
IV. Je dh fo'ks"krk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^vkRedFkk* dfork esa dfo }kjk izLrqr lq[kn LoIu dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
¼[k½ ^v;e; [kk¡M+ u m[ke;* ls D;k vfHkizk; gS vkSj ;g dFku fdlds fy, iz;qDr gqvk gSa\
¼x½ xksfi;ksa us vius okd~pkrq;Z ds vk/kkj ij Kkuh m)o dks ijkLr dj fn;k] muds okd~pkrq;Z dh
fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A
¼?k½ ^mRlkg* dfork esa ckny dks cPpksa dh dYiuk ds leku D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
¼d½ ,slk dkSu&lk –'; ysf[kdk us ns[kk ftlus mudh psruk dks >d>ksj Mkyk\ lkuk&lkuk gkFk
tksfM+ ikB ds vkèkkj ij la{ksi esa fyf[k,A
¼[k½ ,d laosnu'khy ;qok ukxfjd dh gSfl;r ls foKku dk nq#i;ksx jksdus esa vkidh D;k Hkwfedk
gS\
¼x½ êkrk dk v¡py* 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk Li"V dhft,A

¼d½ fo|ky; dk okf"kZdksRlo

ladsr fcUnq %
•• rS;kjh
•• izLrqfr
•• fofHkUu dk;ZØe
•• izxfr dh >k¡dh
•• lekiu
¼[k½ vkradokn % ,d leL;k
ladsr fcUnq %
•• vkradokn 'kCn] mn~ns';
•• fo'oO;kih leL;k vkSj dkj.k
•• vkradokn ds nq"ifj.kke vkSj lqj{kk
¼x½ dkedkth ukjh dk ,d fnu
ladsr fcUnq %
•• ruko vkSj rS;kjh
•• dk;kZy; esa O;Lrrk
•• ?kj dk dke
•• igys vkSj vc esa varj
13. ¼d½ fo|ky; esa nloha vkSj ckjgoha d{kk ds vPNs ifj.kkeksa ij Á/kkukpk;Z dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa
esa ,d i= fy[kdj lq>kb, fd mUgsa vkSj vPNk dSls cuk;k tk ldrk gSA 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ fnYyh esa lhfyax ds dkj.k firk th dk dkjksckj BIi gks x;k gSA fe= dks yxHkx 100
'kCnksa esa ,d i= fy[kdj ifjokj dh ijs'kkfu;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, vkSj vkfFkZd lgk;rk
dk vuqjks/k dhft,A
14. ¼d½ cSafdx lsok HkrhZ cksMZ] fnYyh ds lfpo dks fyfid in ds fy, vkosnu djus gsrq Loo`Ùk
rS;kj dhft,A ¼yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa½ 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vius {ks= esa o`{kkjksi.k dk lq>ko nsrs gq, ou foHkkx ds vf/kdkjh dks bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ xfeZ;ksa dh NqfV~V;ksa esa vkius u`R; laLFkku [kksyk gSA mlls lacaf/kr yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa
,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ nknkth ds uke iksrs dk ,d lans'k yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 11
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

LVSP;w v‚Q ;wfuVh Hkkjr ds igys mi&çèkkuea=h vkSj x`g ea=h ljnkj oYyHkHkkÃ iVsy dks leÆir ,d
fo'kky çfrek gS] ftls xqtjkr jkT; ds ueZnk ftys esa dsofM+;k esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA bl çfrek
dk vukoj.k 31 vDVwcj 2018 dks gqvk Fkk] tks ljnkj iVsy dh 143oÈ t;arh ds miy{; esa fd;k
x;k FkkA ;g çfrek nqfu;k dh lcls Åaph çfrek gS] ftldh dqy ÅapkÃ 182 ehVj ¼597 QhV½ gSA
LVSP;w v‚Q ;wfuVh dk fuekZ.k ljnkj iVsy ds ;ksxnku dks lEekfur djus vkSj Hkkjr dh ,drk
vkSj v[kaMrk dk çrhd LFkkfir djus ds mís'; ls fd;k x;k FkkA ljnkj iVsy us Hkkjrh; fj;klrksa
dks ,dh—r dj vkèkqfud Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkÃ FkhA bl çfrek dks Hkkjrh; okLrqdyk
vkSj rduhdh dkS'ky dk vn~Hkqr mnkgj.k ekuk tkrk gSA bls ewÆrdkj jke oh- lqrkj }kjk fMtkbu
fd;k x;k FkkA
bl ifj;kstuk dh ykxr yxHkx `3]000 djksM+ FkhA blds pkjksa vksj ,d fo'kky i;ZVd ifjlj
gS ftlesa laxzgky;] xSyjh] vkSj ,d v‚fM;ks&fotqvy g‚y 'kkfey gSaA ;g LFky i;ZVdksa ds fy, ,d
çeq[k vkd"kZ.k cu x;k gS] tgk¡ gj lky yk[kksa yksx vkrs gSaA ;g Hkkjr dh lkaL—frd vkSj ,sfrgkfld
èkjksgj dks çnÆ'kr djrk gS vkSj ns'kHkfä dh Hkkouk dks etcwr djrk gSA
dFku ¼A½ % LVSP;w v‚Q ;wfuVh dk mn~?kkVu 31 vDVwcj 2019 dks gqvk FkkA
dkj.k ¼R½ % ;g çfrek ljnkj oYyHkHkkÃ iVsy dks leÆir gS] ftUgksua s Hkkjrh; fj;klrksa dk ,dhdj.k
fd;k FkkA

¼[k½ LVSP;w v‚Q ;wfuVh ds fuekZ.k ds mís'; D;k Fks–
I- ljnkj iVsy ds ;ksxnku dks lEekfur djuk
II- xqtjkr dks ,d çeq[k i;ZVu LFky ds :i esa fodflr djuk
III- ns'k dh ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dk çrhd cukuk
IV- Hkkjr dh lkaL—frd èkjksgj dk çpkj djuk
fodYi–
iv. dsoy dFku III lgh gSA
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I LVSP;w v‚Q ;wfuVh dh ÅapkÃ 1- 182 ehVj
II mn~?kkVu frfFk 2- 31 vDVwcj 2018
III ewÆrdkj 3- jke oh- lqrkj
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ LVSP;w v‚Q ;wfuVh ds fuekZ.k dk mís'; D;k Fkk\
¼³½ LVSP;w v‚Q ;wfuVh dk fuekZ.k fdu rduhdh vkSj lkaL—frd igyqvksa dks n'kkZrk gS\

ç—fr dh xksn esa clk ;g lalkj]
gj vksj QSyh gfj;kyh]
gok dk 'khry Li'kZ]
vkSj if{k;ksa dh eèkqj èofuA
;g èkjrh vius lkSan;Z ls
euq"; dks lqdwu nsrh gS]
ij D;k ge blds çfr
viuk drZO; fuHkk jgs gSa\
gj o`{k] gj tyèkkjk
gels dg jgh gS]

fd gesa mudk laj{k.k djuk gSA
D;ksafd ;fn ç—fr vlarqfyr gks xÃ]
rks thou dk ;g pØ
dHkh fLFkj ugÈ jgsxkA
;g èkjrh] ;g ty] ;g gok
gekjs thou dk vkèkkj gSaA
blfy, budk laj{k.k gh
gekjs Hkfo"; dks lqjf{kr cuk,xkA
&lqfe=kuanu iar
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl rRo dh egÙkk ij tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. ty
ii. èkjrh
iii. o`{k
iv. ç—fr
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ç—fr ds laj{k.k ds fdu igyqvksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
I. ç—fr dk larqyu cuk, j[kuk t:jh gSA
II. o`{k vkSj tyèkkjk gekjs thou dk vkèkkj gSaA
III. ç—fr ds çfr gesa vius drZO; dks fuHkkuk pkfg,A
IV. ç—fr dks vlarqfyr gksus ls cpkuk vko';d gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % ç—fr dk laj{k.k gh gekjs Hkfo"; dks lqjf{kr cuk ldrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd ç—fr thou dk vkèkkj gS vkSj blds fcuk thou laHko ugÈA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us ç—fr ds laj{k.k dh vko';drk D;ksa crkÃ gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us ç—fr ds vlarqyu dk D;k ifj.kke crk;k gS\

¼d½ thi dLck NksM+dj vkxs c<+ xbZ rc Hkh gkynkj lkgc bl ewfrZ ds ckjs esa gh lksprs jgsA ¼ljy
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk laxhr yksxksa dks vkdÆ"kr dj mUgsa vkuafnr djrk FkkA ¼la;qDr okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼x½ ftl ;ksX;rk ds cy ij lqÃ&èkkxs dk vkfo"dkj gqvk] mls O;fä dh ÞlaL—frÞ dgrs gSaA ¼vkfJr
¼?k½ [kk¡ lkgc dh ,d jhM 15 ls 20 feuV ds vanj xhyh gks tkus ij nwljh jhM dk bLrseky dj
fy;k djrs FksA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ os vkx yxkdj pys x, vkSj firkth lkjs fnu HkHkdrs jgsA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn
fyf[k,½
¼d½ m)o us Kku dk mins'k fn;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ p'esokys }kjk usrkth dh ewÆr ij p'ek yxk;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ us 'kgukÃ ctkÃA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ Åij dh cFkZ ij p<+k ugh tkrkA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ drkZ dh iz/kkurk okys okD; esa dkSu&lk okP; gksrk gS\
¼d½ ewfrZ ds psgjs ij p'ek u FkkA
¼[k½ Þued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rkt+s+ [khjs dh ifu;krh Qk¡ds ns[kdj eq¡g esa ikuh [kwc vk jgk
Fkk ysfdu os budkj dj pqds FksAß
¼x½ laxhr ds çfr mudh vklfDr xkf;dk cguksa dks lqudj feyhA
¼?k½ esjh de&ls&de ,d ntZu vkjafHkd dgkfu;ksa ds ik= blh eksgYys ds gSaA
¼³½ rw tk] ugÈ rks eSa gh bl ?kj dks NksM+ nw¡xkA
¼d½ Nqvr VwV j?kqifr u nkslwA
¼[k½ dkydoyq gksbfg Nu ekghaA
¼x½ ufn;ksa ds ikuh dk tknw gS ogA
¼?k½ lf[k lksgr xksiky ds] mj xqatu dh ekyA ckgj ylr euks fi;s] nkokuy dh TokyAA
¼³½ dj dey&lk dksey gSA
[kaM&x 30
dkfrd vk;k ugÈ fd ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh çHkkfr;k¡ 'kq: gqb±] tks Qkxqu rd pyk djrÈA bu fnuksa
og lcsjs gh mBrsA u tkus fdl oDr txdj og unh&Luku dks tkrsµxk¡o ls nks ehy nwj! ogk¡
ls ugk&èkksdj ykSVrs vkSj xk¡o ds ckgj gh] iks[kjs ds Å¡ps ÇHkMs ij] viuh [k¡tM+h ysdj tk cSBrs
vkSj vius xkus Vsjus yxrsA eSa 'kq: ls gh nsj rd lksusokyk gw¡] Çdrq] ,d fnu] ek?k dh ml nk¡r
fdVfdVkusokyh Hkksj esa Hkh] mudk laxhr eq>s iks[kjs ij ys x;k FkkA vHkh vkleku ds rkjksa ds nhid
cq>s ugÈ FksA gk¡] iwjc esa yksgh yx xÃ Fkh ftldh ykfyek dks 'kqØ rkjk vkSj c<+k jgk FkkA [ksr]
cxhpk] ?kjµlc ij dqgklk Nk jgk FkkA lkjk okrkoj.k vthc jgL; ls vko`r ekywe iM+rk FkkA ml
jgL;e; okrkoj.k esa ,d dq'k dh pVkÃ ij iwjc eq¡g] dkyh deyh vks<s+] ckyxksfcu Hkxr viuh
[k¡tM+h fy, cSBs FksA muds eq¡g ls 'kCnksa dk rk¡rk yxk Fkk] mudh v¡xqfy;k¡ [k¡tM+h ij yxkrkj py
jgh FkÈA xkrs&xkrs brus eLr gks tkrs] brus lq:j esa vkrs] mÙksftr gks mBrs fd ekywe gksrk] vc
[kM+s gks tk,¡xsA deyh rks ckj&ckj flj ls uhps ljd tkrhA eSa tkM+s ls d¡id¡ik jgk Fkk] Çdrq rkjs
dh Nk¡o esa Hkh muds eLrd ds JeÇcnq] tc&rc] ped gh iM+rsA
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh çHkkfr;k¡ dc 'kq: gksrh FkÈ\
I. Qkxqu esa
II. dkfrd esa
III. ek?k esa
IV. tsB esa
fodYi%
iv. dFku I vkSj II lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk laxhr xk¡o esa lHkh ds fy, vkd"kZ.k dk dsaæ FkkA
dkj.k (R) : og iks[kjs ij gj fnu xkrs Fks] ftlls yksx mudk laxhr lquus vkrs FksA
fodYi%
¼x½ ys[kd ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds laxhr ls fdl le; vkdÆ"kr gq,\

i. Qkxqu dh 'kke esaA
ii. ek?k dh Hkksj esaA
iii. dkfrd dh jkr esaA
iv. ,d BaMh jkr esaA
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk xkuk lqurs gq, ys[kd dks dkSu&lk –'; fn[kkÃ fn;k\
i. rkjs vkSj dqgklk
ii. unh vkSj [ksr
iii. [ksr vkSj rkykc
iv. lw;ksZn; vkSj cxhpk
¼³½ bl x|ka'k dk eq[; Hkko D;k gS\ mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,&
I. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh laxhr lkèkukA
II. ek?k dh BaMh Hkksj esa laxhr dk vuqHkoA
III. iks[kjs dk okrkoj.kA
IV. [k¡tM+h dk egRoA
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^laLÑfr* ikB ds vk/kkj ij ^tu&dY;k.k* ds D;k&D;k dk;Z gks ldrs gSa\ Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ dk'kh esa gks jgs dkSu&ls ifjorZu fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks O;fFkr djrs Fks\
¼x½ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* dh ysf[kdk us viuh ek¡ dks O;fDrRofoghu D;ksa dgk gS\
¼?k½ ^y[kuoh vankt++* jpuk esa uokc lkgc dh lud dks vki dgk¡ rd mfpr Bgjk,¡xs \ D;ksa \
gfj gSa jktuhfr if<+ vk,A
leq>h ckr dgr eèkqdj ds] lekpkj lc ik,A
bd vfr prqj gqrs ifgySa gh] vc xq# xzaFk i<+k,A
c<+h cqf) tkuh tks mudh] tksjk&lans'k iBk,A
ÅèkkS Hkys yksx vkxs ds] ij fgr Mksyr èkk,A
vc viuS eu Qsj ikbgSa] pyr tq gqrs pqjk,A
rs D;kSa vuhfr djSa vkiqu] ts vksj vuhfr NqM+k,A
jkt èkje rkS ;gS ^lwj*] tks çtk u tkfg lrk,AA
¼d½ *gfj gSa jktuhfr if<+ vk,* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr gS\
i. gfj ds jktuhfr esa ikjaxr gksus dh vksj
ii. gfj ds fo}ku gksus dh vksj
iii. gfj ds vuqHko dh vksj
iv. gfj ds èkeZikyd gksus dh vksj
¼[k½ *ÅèkkS Hkys yksx vkxs ds] ij fgr Mksyr èkk,* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. lekt ds yksxksa dh Çprk
II. lekt esa gks jgs vU;k; dh vksj
III. nwljksa ds fgr esa dke djus okys yksxksa dh vksj
IV. Hkfo"; dh Çprkvksa dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : gfj jktuhfr ds Kkuh gSaA
dkj.k (R) : gfj us xq# ls xzaFk i<+dj jktuhfr dk Kku çkIr fd;k gSA
¼?k½ *rs D;kSa vuhfr djSa vkiqu] ts vksj vuhfr NqM+k,* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr fd;k tk jgk gS\
i. èkeZikyd O;fDr dh vksj
ii. vU;k; ls yM+us okys yksxksa dh vksj
iii. lekt esa èkeZ dk ikyu djus okys dh vksj
iv. U;k;fç; 'kkldksa dh vksj
¼³½ *jkt èkje rkS ;gS *lwj*] tks çtk u tkfg lrk,* iafDr esa dfo D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
I. 'kkld dks èkeZ dk ikyu djuk pkfg,
II. çtk dks ges'kk larq"V jguk pkfg,
III. 'kkld dks çtk ds fgr dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,
IV. jktuhfr esa U;k; dk egRo gS
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ Qly dks ^gkFkksa ds Li'kZ dh xfjek* vkSj êfgek* dgdj dfo D;k O;Dr djuk pkgrk gS\
¼[k½ laxrdkj fdl izdkj ds O;fDRk dk izrhd gS\ ^laxrdkj* dfork ds vk/kkj ij le>kb,A
¼x½ dfo fujkyk ckny ls cjlus ds LFkku ij xjt+us ds fy, D;ksa dgrs gSa\
¼?k½ ij'kqjke y{e.k dks o/k ;ksX; crkus ds fy, D;k&D;k rdZ nsrs gSa\
¼d½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd cPps ekrk&firk ds Áfr vius Áse dh vfHkO;fDr
dSls djrs gSaA
¼[k½ flfDde dh ;qorh ds dFku êSa bafM;u gw¡* ls Li"V gksrk gS fd viuh tkfr] /keZ] {ks= vkSj laiznk;
ls vf/kd egÙoiw.kZ jk"Vª gSA vki fdl izdkj jk"Vª ds izfr viuk drZO; fuHkkdj ns'k ds izfr
viuk izse izdV dj ldrs gSa\ le>kb,A
¼x½ ,d laosnu'khy ;qok ukxfjd dh gSfl;r ls foKku dk nq#i;ksx jksdus esa vkidh D;k Hkwfedk
gS\

¼d½ ekuork % loZJs"B /keZ

ladsr fcanq %
•• HkkSfrdoknh ;qx
•• c<+rk LokFkZ
•• izd`fr ls lh[k
•• nsus ls ?kVrk ugha] c<+rk gS
•• nwljksa ds fy, thuk gh euq";rk
•• thou dh lkFkZdrk ijksidkj esa gh fufgr
¼[k½ va/kfo'okl % Hkkjrh; lekt dk dks<+
ladsr fcanq %
•• eq[; dkj.k % f'k{kk dh deh
•• lgh tkudkjh dk vHkko rFkk /keZ dk izHkko vkfn
•• oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k dk viukuk
•• f'k{kk dk O;kid izpkj&izlkj
¼x½ o`{kkjksi.k
ladsr fcanq %
•• ekuo o o`{kksa dk ?kfu"B ukrk
•• lH;rk ds fodkl ds lkFk LokFkZ dk gkoh gksuk
•• isM+ksa dh va/kk/kqa/k dVkbZ
•• o`{k dh ns[kHkky dh ftEesnkjh mBkuk
•• ljdkjh ,oa lkekftd laxBuksa dk ;ksxnku
•• o`{kksa ls vufxur ykHk
•• o`{k % gekjs lPps lkFkh
13. ¼d½ vki cl }kjk ;k=k dj jgs FksA bl nkSjku vkids 'kSf{kd izek.ki=ksa dk cSx cl esa gh
NwV x;k FkkA cl esa NwVs lkeku dk irk yxkus ds fy, ifjogu fuxe ds eq[; izca/kd
dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fe= us jk"VªLrjh; varfoZ|ky;h ,FkysfVDl izfr;ksfxrk esa 3000 ehVj rFkk 5000
ehVj dh nkSM+ esa Lo.kZ&ind izkIr fd;k gSA mls c/kkbZ nsrs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d
i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vki vius vkidks vfuy dqekj ekurs gq, U;wt isij esa vk, foKkiu esa ÁkbosV fyfeVsM
dEiuh esa eSustj in ij fu;qfDr gsrq Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ fganh 'kSf{kd Hkze.k ds :i esa bl ckj vkidh d{kk fdlh xk¡o esa ,d lIrkg rd izkS<+
f'k{kk dk dk;ZØe djus dh bPNk j[krh gSA blds fy, vuqefr ek¡xrs gq, iz/kkukpk;Z dks
bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ vf/kxe dksfpax lsaVj gsrq yxHkx 40 'kCnksa dk foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vks.ke dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs gq, viuh l[kh ekSyh ds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa lans'k
fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 12
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

Çgnh lkfgR; Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSA ;g lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa vkSj dkO; 'kSfy;ksa
dk ,d fo'kky [ktkuk gS] tks lfn;ksa ls Hkkjrh; laL—fr vkSj lekt dks lgstrk vk jgk gSA Çgnh
lkfgR; ds varxZr fofHkUu dkyksa esa egku lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa ls Çgnh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dks
le`) fd;k gSA Hkfä dky] jhfrdky] vkèkqfud dky] vkSj ledkyhu dky tSls egRoiw.kZ dky[kaM
Çgnh lkfgR; ds fodkl esa ehy ds iRFkj jgs gSaA
Hkfä dky esa lar dfo;ksa] tSls rqylhnkl] lwjnkl vkSj dchj] us viuh jpukvksa ds ekè;e ls
lekt dks vkè;kfRed vkSj uSfrd ewY;ksa ls voxr djk;kA jhfrdky esa jl] çse vkSj lkSan;Z dks lkfgR;
dk çeq[k fo"k; cuk;k x;k] ftlesa fcgkjh vkSj ds'konkl tSls dfo;ksa us egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA
vkèkqfud dky esa çsepan] t;'kadj çlkn vkSj egknsoh oekZ tSls ys[kdksa us lkfgR; dks ;FkkFkZokn vkSj
ekuoh; laosnukvksa ls tksM+kA ledkyhu Çgnh lkfgR; esa uÃ lksp] lkekftd eqís] vkSj vkèkqfud thou
dh leL;k,a çeq[k fo"k; cu pqds gSaA
Hkkjr ljdkj us Çgnh lkfgR; dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj bls vke turk rd igq¡pkus ds fy, dÃ
;kstuk,¡ vkSj iqjLdkj LFkkfir fd, gSa] tSls lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkjA Çgnh lkfgR; u dsoy Hkkjr esa]
cfYd fons'kksa esa Hkh i<+k vkSj le>k tkrk gSA Çgnh lkfgR; dh le`f) vkSj fofoèkrk bls foÜo lkfgR;
esa ,d egRoiw.kZ LFkku fnykrh gSA
dFku ¼A½ % Çgnh lkfgR; esa Hkfä dky dk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % Hkfä dky ds lar dfo;ksa us lekt dks uSfrd vkSj vkè;kfRed ewY;ksa ls voxr djk;kA
¼[k½ Çgnh lkfgR; ds çeq[k dky[kaM dkSu ls gSa–
I- Hkfä dky
II- jhfrdky
III- çkphu dky
IV- ledkyhu dky
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I jhfrdky ds çeq[k dfo 1- fcgkjh
II vkèkqfud dky ds çeq[k ys[kd 2- çsepan
III Hkfä dky ds çeq[k lar 3- dchj
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr ljdkj us Çgnh lkfgR; dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, dkSu&lh ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh gSa\
¼³½ Hkfä dky Çgnh lkfgR; ds fodkl esa dSls lgk;d jgk\
;g Hkwfe ohjksa dh Hkwfe gS]
gj èkwy d.k esa xoZ fNik gSA
bl ekVh ij tUes gSa oks 'kwjohj]
ftudh dgkfu;k¡ vkt Hkh xw¡t jgh gSaA
;g ns'k gekjh igpku gS]
gekjh laL—fr] gekjh 'kku gSA
gj lhek dh j{kk djrs gq,

oks ohj liwr ns'k ds fy,
vius çk.kksa dk cfynku ns tkrs gSaA
mudh ;g vej dgkuh
gj ih<+h dks fl[kkrh gS]
ns'kHkfä dk lPpk vFkZA
;g ns'k gesa xÆor djrk gS]
vkSj ge bls lyke djrs gSaA
&lksguyky f}osnh
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl Hkkouk dks O;ä fd;k x;k gS\
i. çse
ii. ns'kHkfä
iii. la?k"kZ
iv. ohjrk
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ohj liwrksa ds fdu xq.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. ohj liwr ns'k dh lhekvksa dh j{kk djrs gSaA
II. os viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds fy, çk.kksa dk cfynku nsrs gSaA
III. mudk cfynku ihf<+;ksa dks fl[kkrk gSA
IV. os la?k"kZ vkSj ohjrk ds çrhd gSaA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % ohj liwrksa dk cfynku gesa ns'kHkfä dk lPpk vFkZ fl[kkrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd mudk cfynku lhekvksa dh j{kk djrs le; gqvkA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ohj liwrksa ds cfynku dk D;k egRo crk;k x;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us ns'k dh egkurk dks fdl çdkj ls çLrqr fd;k gS\

¼d½ vtesj ls igys firkth bankSj esa Fks tgk¡ mudh cM+h izfr"Bk FkhA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ usrkth dh ewfrZ cukus dk dke LFkkuh; dykdkj us etcwjh esa fd;kA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ;fn dksÃ O;fä uÃ [kkst djrk gS] rks og egku vkfo"dkjd dgykrk gSA ¼vkfJr miokD;
Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ dk'kh dk uk;kc ghjk ges'kk ls nks dkSeksa dks ,d gksdj vkil esa HkkbZpkjs ds lkFk jgus dh izsj.kk
nsrk jgkA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ uokc lkgc }kjk [khjs ij elkyk fNM+dk x;kA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
4. funsZ'kkuqlkj ôkP;* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 4 # 1 = 4
¼d½ dSIVu us ewÆr ij u;k p'ek yxk fn;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ dkWyst okyksa ds }kjk 'khyk vxzoky dks uksfVl Fkek fn;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ mUgksaus laxhr dh lkèkuk dhA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ uokc lkgc }kjk [khjs ij elkyk fNMdk x;kA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ okP; ds fdrus Hksn gksrs gSa\
¼d½ /khjs ls ikuokys ls iwNkA
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh laxhr&lk/kuk dk pje mRd"kZ ml fnu ns[kk x;k tc mudk csVk ejk
¼x½ ekuo dks balku cukuk vR;ar dfBu dk;Z gS ysfdu vlaHko ughaA
¼?k½ 'kgukÃ ctkus ds fy, jhM dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA
¼³½ bl ij dksÃ dSls jksd yxk ldrk gS Hkyk\
¼d½ fp=dwV tuq vpy vgsjhA
¼[k½ eèkqi xquxquk dj dg tkrk] dkSu dgkuh ;g viuhA
¼x½ ufn;ksa ds ikuh dk tknw gS ogA
¼?k½ eq[; xk;d dks <k¡<l c¡èkkrk dgÈ ls pyk vkrk gS laxrdkj dk LojA
¼³½ iM+h Fkh fctyh&lh fodjkyA yisVs Fks ?ku tSls ckyA
[kaM&x 30
Çdrq [ksrhckjh djrs] ifjokj j[krs Hkh] ckyxksfcu Hkxr lkèkq Fks& lkèkq dh lc ifjHkk"kkvksa esa [kjs mrjus
okysA dchj dks ^lkgc* ekurs Fks] mUgÈ ds xhrksa dks xkrs] mUgÈ ds vkns'kksa ij pyrsA dHkh >wB ugÈ
cksyrs] [kjk O;ogkj j[krsA fdlh ls Hkh nks&Vwd ckr djus esa ladksp ugÈ djrs] u fdlh ls [kke[kkg
>xM+k eksy ysrsA fdlh dh pht ugÈ Nwrs] u fcuk iwNs O;ogkj esa ykrsA bl fu;e dks dHkh&dHkh
bruh ckjhdh rd ys tkrs fd yksxksa dks dqrwgy gksrk!& dHkh og nwljs ds [ksr esa 'kkSp ds fy, Hkh
ugÈ cSBrs! og x`gLFk Fks( ysfdu mudh lc pht ^lkgc* dh FkÈA tks dqN [ksr esa iSnk gksrk] flj ij
ykndj igys mls lkgc ds njckj esa ys tkrs& tks muds ?kj ls pkj dksl nwj Fkk& ,d dchjiaFkh
eB! og njckj esa ^HksaV* j[k fy, tkus ds ckn ^çlkn* :i esa tks mUgsa feyrk] mls ?kj ykrs vkSj mlh
ls xqtj pykrs!
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr fdls ^lkgc* ekurs Fks\
I. Hkxoku jke
II. dchj
III. xq# ukud
IV. rqylhnkl
fodYi%
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
iii. dFku III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr >wB cksyus ls ijgst djrs FksA
dkj.k (R) : og lPpkÃ dks vius ^lkgc* ds vkns'k dk ikyu ekurs FksA
fodYi%
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr viuh mit dks lcls igys dgk¡ ys tkrs Fks\
i. lkgc ds njckj esa
ii. xk¡o ds eB esa
iii. cktkj esa cspus
iv. ?kj esa mi;ksx ds fy,
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk O;ogkj dSlk Fkk\

i. >wB cksyrs FksA
ii. nks&Vwd ckr djus esa ladksp djrs FksA
iii. [kjk O;ogkj j[krs FksA
iv. nwljksa dh phtsa fcuk iwNs ç;ksx djrs FksA
I. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh lkèkqrkA
II. dchjiaFkh eB vkSj mudk egRoA
III. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk [kjk O;ogkjA
IV. lkgc ds çfr ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh fu"BkA
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ dk'kh ds yksxksa dh fof'k"V igpku D;k gS\
¼[k½ ^y[kuoh vankt* ikB esa uokc lkgc dh fdl lud dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA D;k lud dk dksbZ
ldkjkRed :i gks ldrk gS\
¼x½ îM+ksl dYpj* D;k gS\ egkuxjksa esa jgus okys yksx izk;% blls D;ksa oafpr jg tkrs gSa\
¼?k½ laLÑr vkSj lH; esa D;k varj gS\
fcgfl y[kuq cksys e`nq ckuhA vgks equhlq egkHkV ekuhAA
iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[kko dqBk#A pgr mM+kou Qw¡fd igk:AA
bgk¡ dqEgM+cfr;k dksm ukgÈA ts rjtuh nsf[k efj tkgÈAA
nsf[k dqBk# ljklu ckukA eSa dNq dgk lfgr vfHkekukAA
Hk`xqlqr leqf> tusm fcyksdhA tks dNq dggq lgkSa fjl jksdhAA
lqj efglqj gfjtu v# xkÃA gejs dqy bUg ij u lqjkÃAA
cèksa ikiq vidhjfr gkjsaA ekjrgw ik ifjv rqEgkjsaAA
dksfV dqfyl le cpuq rqEgkjkA C;FkZ èkjgq èkuq cku dqBkjkAA
¼d½ *fcgfl y[kuq cksys e`nq ckuh* esa y{e.k fdl Hkkouk ls çHkkfor gSa\
i. lEeku vkSj vknj
ii. O;aX; vkSj pqukSrh
iii. Øksèk vkSj vlarks"k
iv. fouezrk vkSj 'kkafr
¼[k½ *iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[kko dqBk#* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr gS\
I. ij'kqjke dh gfFk;kj fn[kkus dh ço`fÙk
II. y{e.k dh Hk;Hkhr gksus dh fLFkfr
III. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dk çn'kZu
IV. ij'kqjke ds vgadkj dk çrhd
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : y{e.k ij'kqjke dk lkeuk lkgliwoZd djrs gSaA
dkj.k (R) : y{e.k dks yxrk gS fd ij'kqjke dk Øksèk vuqfpr gSA
¼?k½ *bgk¡ dqEgM+cfr;k dksm ukgÈ* iafDr esa y{e.k fdldk mYys[k dj jgs gSa\
i. y{e.k dk lkgl
ii. ij'kqjke dk lEeku
iii. Lo;a ds çfr muds vkRe&foÜokl dk
iv. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk ds çfr y{e.k dh çfrfØ;k
¼³½ *dksfV dqfyl le cpuq rqEgkjk* iafDr esa dfo fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dh rhozrk
II. ij'kqjke ds 'kCnksa dh dBksjrk
III. y{e.k ds 'kCnksa dh 'kfDr
IV. y{e.k ds çfr ij'kqjke dh ukjktxh
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^vV ugha jgh gS* dfork esa D;k lans'k fn;k x;k gS\
¼[k½ dfo izlkn ds vuqlkj HkkSajk tc xquxqukrk gS rks D;k dgrk jgrk gS\
¼x½ ^laxrdkj* dfork esa ûkSflf[k;k* ls D;k vfHkÁk; gS\ mldk xyk dc :¡/k tkrk gS\
¼?k½ cPps dh fdl vnk ij dfo dgrk gSa&^rqe eq>s ik, ugha igpku*\ ^;g narqfjr eqldku* dfork
ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼d½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB esa cPps ckjkr dk tqywl dSls fudkyrs Fks\
¼[k½ ^lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+----------] ;k=k o`Ùkkar ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd ,d dq'ky xkbM esa D;k xq.k
gksus pkfg,\
¼x½ fgjksf'kek dh ?kVuk foKku dk Hk;kudre nq#i;ksx gSA vkidh n`f"V easa foKku dk nq#i;ksx
dgk¡&dgk¡ vkSj fdl rjg ls gks jgk gS\

¼d½ Vsyhfotu lekpkj

ladsr fcUnq %
•• lekpkj dk Lo:i
•• egÙo vkSj xq.k&nks"k
•• fu"d"kZ
¼[k½ Je dk egÙo
ladsr fcUnq %
•• rkRi;Z
•• lQyrk dk lksiku
•• Hkfo"; dk fuekZ.k
¼x½ uUgsa da/kksa ij c<+rk cLrs dk cks>
ladsr fcUnq %
•• f'k{kk dk Lo:i
•• x`g dk;Z vkSj d{kk dk;Z
•• ekrk&firk dk ;ksxnku
•• lek/kku
13. ¼d½ vki fo+|ky; dh Nk=&ifj"kn~ ds lfpo gSaA Ldwy ds ckn fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ukVd dk vH;kl
djokus ds fy, vuqefr ek¡xrs gq, iz/kkukpk;Z dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i=
fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ fo|ky; esa fu;fer mifLFkr jgus vkSj ijh{kk dh rS;kjh Hkyh&Hkk¡fr djrs jgus dh lykg
nsrs gq, NksVs HkkbZ dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ cSafdx lsok HkrhZ cksMZ] fnYYkh ds lfpo dks fyfid in gsrq vkosnu djus ds fy, Loo`Ùk
rS;kj dhft,A ¼yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa½ 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkius ;k=k ds nkSjku ,d mijxkeh iqy dks ttZj gkyr esa ns[kk gSA og iqy dHkh Hkh
fdlh nq?kZVuk dk dkj.k cu ldrk gSA vkius ogk¡ #ddj vius eksckby ls mldk fp= Hkh
fy;k gSA ml fp= lfgr yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx ds vf/k'kklh vfHk;ark dks iqy dh ejEer
ds lanHkZ esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ jks'kuh eksecÙkh cukus okyh daiuh ds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d vkd"kZd foKkiu
vFko
¼[k½ vkidh ekrk th chekj gSaA muds 'kh?kz LoLFk gksus dh dkeuk djrs gq, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa
esa ,d 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 13
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ¼Information Technology½ vkt ds le; esa gj {ks= esa Økafr yk jgh gSA ;g
u dsoy lapkj ds ekè;e dks ljy vkSj lqyHk cukrh gS] cfYd f'k{kk] LokLF;] O;kikj] vkSj ljdkjh
lsokvksa esa Hkh O;kid cnyko yk jgh gSA lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ds ekè;e ls MsVk dks laxzfgr] lapkfjr]
vkSj fo'ysf"kr djuk vc igys ls vfèkd vklku gks x;k gSA daI;wVj] baVjusV] eksckby ,fIyds'ku]
vkSj l‚¶+Vos;j dh lgk;rk ls lwpuk dk vknku&çnku cgqr rst+h ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA blus u
dsoy yksxksa ds thou dks ljy cuk;k gS] cfYd iwjh nqfu;k dks ,d Xykscy foyst esa cny fn;k gSA
Hkkjr esa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx rst+h ls c<+ jgk gSA ljdkjh ;kstuk,¡ tSls *fMftVy bafM;k*
vkSj *LekVZ flVh* dk;ZØeksa us lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh dks vke yksxksa rd igq¡pkus dk dke fd;k gSA ;s
;kstuk,¡ ukxfjdksa dks fofHkUu ljdkjh lsok,¡ v‚uykbu çkIr djus esa l{ke cukrh gSaA f'k{kk ds {ks=
esa Ã&yÉux vkSj v‚uykbu dkslsZl us Nk=ksa dks u, volj çnku fd, gSaA ogÈ] O;kikj esa Ã&d‚elZ
IysVQ+‚eZ us O;kikfjd ysu&nsu dks vklku cuk fn;k gSA lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh dh c<+rh çxfr ds lkFk
jkstxkj ds u, volj Hkh mRiUu gks jgs gSaA
gkyk¡fd] lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ds lkFk dqN pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh gSaA lkbcj vijkèk] MsVk dh xksiuh;rk] vkSj
baVjusV lqj{kk tSlh leL;k,a rsth ls c<+ jgh gSaA bu leL;kvksa dk lekèkku djus ds fy, ljdkj
vkSj fo'ks"kK fujarj ç;kl dj jgs gSaA dqy feykdj] lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh us nqfu;k dks uÃ fn'kk nh gS
vkSj vkus okys le; esa blds vkSj Hkh cM+s cnyko ns[kus dks fey ldrs gSaA
dFku ¼A½% lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh us lapkj dks rst+ vkSj ljy cuk fn;k gSA
dkj.k ¼R½% lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ds ekè;e ls MsVk dk vknku&çnku vfèkd lqxe gks x;k gSA
¼[k½ lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh dk D;k egÙo gS–
I- ;g lapkj dks rst+ cukrh gSA
II- ;g f'k{kk esa u, volj çnku djrh gSA
III- ;g O;kikj esa Ã&d‚elZ dks c<+kok nsrh gSA
IV- ;g dsoy MsVk dh xksiuh;rk c<+krh gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I fMftVy bafM;k ;kstuk dk mís'; 1- ljdkjh lsok,¡ v‚uykbu ykuk
II Ã&yÉux dk egRo 2- f'k{kk esa v‚uykbu volj
III Ã&d‚elZ IysVQkeZ dk ykHk 3- O;kikfjd ysu&nsu dks ljy cukuk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk dkSu&lh ;kstuk,¡ pykÃ tk jgh gSa\
¼³½ lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh us f'k{kk vkSj O;kikj ds {ks= esa fdl çdkj cnyko fd, gSa\

og 'kfä gesa nks n;k fuèks]
drZO; ekxZ ij MV tkÅ¡A
ij lsok] ij R;kx ijeks]
fut thou lQy eSa cuk ldw¡A
nq[k&ladV gjus ds ctk;]
nq[k&lkxj esa dwn ldw¡A
R;kx&èkeZ dk ;gh ikB gks]

rqe gedks fl[kykvks ek¡A
n;k dj nhu tuksa ds nq[k nwj djksA
gs ekrq! Hkokuh rqe]
lcdks 'kfäeku cukvksA
;g thou rHkh lkFkZd gS]
tc ijfgr ds fy, leiZ.k gksA
drZO; vkSj èkeZ ds ekxZ ij pydj]
ekuork dk m)kj fd;k tk ldsA
rqEgkjh —ik ls gh ;g laHko gksxk]
fd ge drZO; dk ikyu dj ldsa]
vkSj vius thou dks lQy cuk ldsaA
&eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo fdlls 'kfä ek¡x jgk gS\
i. èkjrh ek¡
ii. ek¡ Hkokuh
iii. ljLorh ek¡
iv. xaxk ek¡
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa R;kx vkSj èkeZ ds fdu igyqvksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. nq[k&lkxj esa dwnus dk lkgl gksuk pkfg,A
II. lsok vkSj R;kx ls thou lQy curk gSA
III. nwljksa ds nq[k nwj djus dk drZO; fuHkkuk pkfg,A
IV. vius lq[k ds fy, ç;kljr jguk pkfg,A
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % R;kx èkeZ dk ikyu thou dks lQy cukrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd lsok vkSj ijfgr ds fy, leiZ.k gh thou dk lPpk ekxZ gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa R;kx vkSj lsok dk D;k egRo crk;k x;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ek¡ Hkokuh ls fdl çdkj dh 'kfä ek¡xh xÃ gS\

¼d½ ikuh eq¡g esa Hkj vk;k vkSj mldk ?kw¡V xys ls mrj x;kA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ gkynkj lkgc thi ls mrjrs gh rst+&rst+ dneksa ls ewfrZ dh rjQ yiddj Bhd lkeus tkdj
vVsa'ku esa [kM+s gks x,A ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ tc Hkh os dk'kh ls ckgj jgrs] rc fo'oukFk o ckykth eafnj dh fn'kk dh vksj eq¡g djds cSBrsA
¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds vuqlkj ekufld :i ls detksj yksx fuxjkuh vkSj I;kj ds T;knk gdnkj
gksrs gSaA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ eSa ;qok Fkh vkSj 'khyk vxzoky dh tks'khyh ckrksa us jxksa esa cgrs [kwu dks ykos esa cny fn;k FkkA
¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ uokc lkgc us laxfr ds fy, mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ rqylhnkl }kjk jkepfjrekul dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ veh#íhu us 'kgukÃ lh[khA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ fdlh LFkkuh; dykdkj us ewÆr dk fuekZ.k fd;kA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k ds fyax vkSj opu drkZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa\
¼d½ iRFkj ls ikjn'khZ p'ek dSls curkA
¼[k½ djhc rhl dksl ij xaaxk FkhA
¼x½ vkt foKku o ijek.kq&;qx essa lcls uktqd iz'u 'kkafr gh gSA
¼?k½ ;g [kkunkuh is'kk gS vyhc['k ds ?kj dkA
¼³½ gM+rkysa djokrh] yM+dksa ds lkFk 'kgj dh lM+dksa ij ukirh yM+dhA
¼d½ fleVk gqvk ladksp gS gok dh fFkjdu dkA
¼[k½ vk, egar clarA
¼x½ eq[; xk;d ds pV~Vku tSls Hkkjh Loj dk lkFk nsrhA
¼?k½ pUæek&lk dkfUre;] e`nq dey&lk dksey egkA
¼³½ ck.k u iqXuS vax ykS] vfj igys ej tkÃA
[kaM&x 30
ewÆr laxejej dh FkhA Vksih dh uksd ls dksV ds nwljs cVu rd dksÃ nks QqV Å¡phA ftls dgrs gSa
cLV vkSj lqanj FkhA usrkth lqanj yx jgs FksA dqN&dqN eklwe vkSj defluA QkSth onÊ esaA ewÆr dks
ns[krs gh ^fnYyh pyks* vkSj ^rqe eq>s [kwu nk---] oxSjg ;kn vkus yxrs FksA bl –f"V ls ;g lQy vkSj
ljkguh; ç;kl FkkA dsoy ,d pht dh dlj Fkh] tks ns[krs gh [kVdrh FkhA usrkth dh vk¡[kksa ij
p'ek ugÈ FkkA ;kfu p'ek rks Fkk] ysfdu laxejej dk ugÈ FkkA ,d lkekU; ;k lpeqp ds p'es dk
pkSM+k dkyk Ýse ewÆr dks iguk fn;k x;k FkkA gkynkj lkgc tc igyh ckj bl dLcs ls xqtjs vkSj
pkSjkgs ij iku [kkus #ds rHkh mUgksaus bls yf{kr fd;k vkSj muds psgjs ij ,d dkSrqdHkjh eqldku
QSy xÃA okg HkÃ! ;g vkbfM;k Hkh Bhd gSA ewÆr iRFkj dh] ysfdu p'ek fj;y!
¼d½ usrkth dh ewÆr fdl iRFkj ls cuh Fkh\
I. laxejej
II. xzsukbV
III. pwuk iRFkj
IV. cyqvk iRFkj
fodYi%
iii. dsoy dFku I lgh gSA
iv. dFku II vkSj III lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : ewÆr ij vlyh p'ek ugÈ yxk;k x;k FkkA
dkj.k (R) : ewÆr ij vlyh p'ek yxkus ls ewÆr dh lqanjrk esa deh vk tkrh FkhA
fodYi%
¼x½ usrkth dh ewÆr esa dkSu lh pht+ ns[kdj [kVdrh Fkh\
i. ewÆr dh Å¡pkÃ
ii. ewÆr dk p'ek
iii. ewÆr dk jax
iv. ewÆr dk vkdkj
¼?k½ ewÆr ns[kus ij dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa ;kn vk jgh FkÈ\

i. *rqe eq>s [kwu nks---*
ii. *fnYyh pyks*
iii. *Lojkt esjk tUefl) vfèkdkj gS*
iv. mi;qZDr nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA
I. ewÆr dh lqanjrk vkSj p'es dh fof'k"VrkA
II. ewÆr ds p'es dks ns[kdj mitk dkSrqdA
III. usrkth dh ewÆr vkSj mudh ;knsaA
IV. usrkth dh ewÆr dk vlyh p'ekA
fodYi%
¼d½ ys[kd us ûkScr[kkus esa bcknr* esa fgju vkSj fcfLeYyk [kk¡ esa D;k laca/k crk;k gSa\
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu ds e/kqj xk;u dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
¼x½ ûokch uLy* ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ ^y[kuoh vankt* ikB ds lanHkZ esa fyf[k,A
¼?k½ ys[kd us vkx vkSj lqbZ&/kkxs ds vkfo"dkjksa ls D;k Li"V fd;k gS\ ^laLÑfr* ikB ds vk/kkj ij
mÙkj nhft,A
ftlds v#.k&diksyksa dh erokyh lqanj Nk;k esaA
vuqjkfxuh m"kk ysrh Fkh fut lqgkx eèkqek;k esaA
mldh Le`fr ikFks; cuh gS Fkds ifFkd dh iaFkk dhA
lhou dh mèksM+ dj ns[kksxs D;ksa esjh daFkk dh\
NksVs ls thou dh dSls cM+h dFkk,¡ vkt dgw¡\
D;k ;g vPNk ugÈ fd vkSjksa dh lqurk eSa ekSu jgw¡\
lqudj D;k rqe Hkyk djksxs fd esjh Hkksyh vkRe&dFkk\
vHkh le; Hkh ugÈ] Fkdh lksÃ gS esjh ekSu O;FkkA
¼d½ *vuqjkfxuh m"kk* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. m"kk ds lkSan;Z dh vksj
ii. m"kk ds çse dh vksj
iii. thou ds var dh vksj
iv. m"kk ds xgjs nq[k dh vksj
¼[k½ *mldh Le`fr ikFks; cuh gS Fkds ifFkd dh iaFkk dh* iafDr esa *Le`fr* dk D;k vFkZ gS\
I. ;k=k dh dfBukb;ksa dh Le`fr
II. thou ds nq[kksa dh Le`fr
III. fdlh fç; O;fDr dh ;kn
IV. thou ds vuqHkoksa dh Le`fr
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
iii. dFku III lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo viuh vkRedFkk lqukus ls fgpfdpk jgk gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks yxrk gS fd mldh vkRedFkk lquus okys mls le> ugÈ ik,axsA
¼?k½ *NksVs ls thou dh dSls cM+h dFkk,¡ vkt dgw¡* iafDr esa dfo fdl Hkkouk dks O;Dr dj jgk gS\
i. thou dh rqPNrk
ii. thou ds la?k"kZ
iii. vkRedFkk lqukus ls cpus dh pkg
iv. thou ds vn~Hkqr vuqHko
¼³½ *vHkh le; Hkh ugÈ] Fkdh lksÃ gS esjh ekSu O;Fkk* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. dfo dh ihM+k tks Fkd pqdh gS
II. dfo dk thou la?k"kZ
III. dfo dh Hkkoukvksa dk nck gqvk nnZ
IV. dfo dh vkRedFkk dh vudgh O;Fkk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ y{e.k Øks/k jksddj ij'kqjke ds dBksj opuksa dks lg jgs FksA bl laca/k esa y{e.k us vius dqy
dh D;k e;kZnk,¡ crkbZa\
¼[k½ ^;g narqfjr eqldku* dfork esa dfo us ekuo thou ds fdl lR; dks ÁdV fd;k gS\
¼x½ Ñ".k ds izfr vUkU; izse dks xksfi;ksa us fdl izdkj vfHk;Dr fd;k gSa\
¼?k½ eq[; xk;d vkSj laxrdkj dh vkokt esa varj Li"V dhft,A
¼d½ ^f'koiwtu lgk;* th dks vius v/;kid ls [kjh&[kksVh D;ksa lquuh iM+h\
¼[k½ îgkM+h tuthou eSnkuh thou 'kSyh dh rqyuk esa vf/kd d"Viw.kZ gksrk gSA* lkuk&lkuk gkFk
tksfM+ ikB ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ikB ds ys[kd ds vuqlkj izR;{k vuqHko dh vis{kk vuqHkwfr muds ys[ku esa
dgha vf/kd enn djrh gS] D;ksa\

¼d½ le; dk egÙo

ladsr fcUnq %
•• le; dk egÙo
•• le; fu;kstu
•• le; xokus dh gkfu;k¡
¼[k½ ioksZa dk cnyrk Lo:i
ladsr fcUnq %
•• rkRi;Z
•• ijaijkxr rjhds
•• cktkj dk c<+rk izHkko
¼x½ egkuxjh; thou
ladsr fcUnq %
•• fodkl dh v¡/kh nkSM+
•• laca/kksa dk ál
•• fn[kkok
13. ¼d½ i<+kbZ dk l= izkjaHk gks pqdk gS fdUrq cktkj esa ikB~;iqLrdsa miyC/k ugha gSaA bl leL;k
dks mBkrs gq, fdlh nSfud lekpkj i= ds laiknd dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i=
fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fe= dk rSjkdh ds fy, vxys vksyafid [ksyksa ds fy, p;u gks x;k gSA mls izks-
Rlkgu nsrs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vki fofurk xqtZj gSaA vkius jlk;u'kkL= fo"k; eas LukrdksÙkj ¼Post Graduation½ fd;k
gqvk gS rFkk ih-,p-Mh- dj jgh gSA uoHkkjr VkbEl esa t;iqj ds fo|kJe fo|ky; us
dsesLVªh ihthVh ds fjDr in ds fy, foKkiu izdkf'kr fd;k gSA blds fy, yxHkx 80
'kCnksa esa ,d Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids 'kgj esa c<+ jgs lapkjh jksxksa ds dkj.k uxjoklh chekj gSaA bl ij fpark O;Dr
djrs gq, LokLF; vf/kdkjh dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ vius fo|ky; dh laLFkk îgjsnkj* dh vksj ls ty dk nq#i;ksx jksdus dk vkxzg djrs
gq, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fe= dh nq?kZVuk gks tkrh gS ysfdu vki mlls feyus ugha tk ikrsA bl laca/k esa
mUgsa ,d lkaRouk lans'k yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 14
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

tula[;k o`f) vkt ds le; esa Hkkjr vkSj vU; fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds lkeus ,d xaHkhj pqukSrh cudj
mHkj jgh gSA Hkkjr esa tula[;k dk rsth ls c<+uk dÃ lkekftd vkSj vkÆFkd leL;kvksa dks tUe ns
jgk gSA c<+rh tula[;k dk lhèkk vlj lalkèkuksa dh deh] jkstxkj ladV] vkSj 'kgjhdj.k ij iM+rk
gSA tSls&tSls tula[;k c<+rh gS] oSls&oSls Hkkstu] ikuh] fctyh] vkSj LokLF; lsokvksa dh ekax Hkh
c<+rh tkrh gSA vxj tula[;k ij fu;a=.k ugÈ fd;k x;k] rks vkus okys o"kks± esa ;g leL;k vkSj Hkh
fodjky :i ys ldrh gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj us tula[;k fu;a=.k ds fy, dÃ ;kstuk,a vkSj dk;ZØe 'kq: fd, gSaA buesa ifjokj
fu;kstu dk;ZØe] tula[;k tkx:drk vfHk;ku] vkSj eq¶r LokLF; lsokvksa dk forj.k 'kkfey gSaA bu
dk;ZØeksa dk mís'; yksxksa dks NksVs ifjokj ds egRo dks le>kuk vkSj tula[;k o`f) dh leL;k dks
fu;af=r djuk gSA blds lkFk gh] f'k{kk vkSj jkstxkj ds voljksa esa lqèkkj Hkh tula[;k o`f) dks de
djus esa enn dj ldrk gSA [kkldj efgykvksa dh f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; lsokvksa ij è;ku nsuk vko';d
gS] D;ksafd f'kf{kr efgyk,a ifjokj fu;kstu ds egRo dks csgrj <ax ls le> ikrh gSaA
tula[;k o`f) dks fu;af=r djuk dsoy ljdkj dk dke ugÈ gS] cfYd lekt ds gj O;fä dks
blesa viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksxhA tula[;k dks fu;af=r djds gh lalkèkuksa dk lgh mi;ksx fd;k
tk ldrk gS vkSj thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj yk;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ns'k ds fodkl vkSj i;kZoj.k
laj{k.k ds fy, Hkh vko';d gSA
dFku ¼A½ % Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f) dÃ lkekftd vkSj vkÆFkd leL;kvksa dk dkj.k cu jgh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % tula[;k o`f) dk lhèkk vlj lalkèkuksa dh deh vkSj jkstxkj ladV ij iM+rk gSA
¼[k½ tula[;k o`f) dks fu;af=r djus ds mik; D;k gks ldrs gSa–
I- f'k{kk dk çlkj
II- ifjokj fu;kstu dk;ZØe
III- vfèkd cPpksa dh la[;k dks c<+kok nsuk
IV- jkstxkj ds voljksa esa o`f)
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I tula[;k o`f) dk çHkko 1- lalkèkuksa dh deh
II ifjokj fu;kstu dk;ZØe dk mís'; 2- tula[;k fu;a=.k
III efgykvksa dh f'k{kk dk egÙo 3- ifjokj fu;kstu dh le> c<+kuk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa tula[;k fu;a=.k ds fy, ljdkj }kjk dkSu&lh ;kstuk,a ykxw dh tk jgh gSa\
¼³½ tula[;k o`f) dk lalkèkuksa vkSj jkstxkj ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\

eq>s rksM+ ysuk cuekyh]
ml iFk ij nsuk rqe Qsad]
ekr`Hkwfe ij 'kh'k p<+kus]
ftl iFk tk,¡ ohj vusdA
Qwy ugÈ esjk ân; gS]
eq>s pj.kksa esa lt tkus nks]
lqjfHkr dj nks ;g èkjk]
esjs ns'k ij cfynku gks tkus nksA

tgk¡ ljgn ij] ohjksa ds dne
feêh dks pwers gksa]
tgk¡ 'kghnksa ds jä dh cwansa
ns'k ds >aMs esa jax Hkjrh gksaA
ftl ij ohjksa us vius çk.k U;ksNkoj fd,]
eq>s Hkh ml ifo= Hkwfe dk fgLlk cuus nksA
&ek[kuyky prqosZnh
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl çdkj dh çkFkZuk dh xÃ gS\
i. ns'k çse dh
ii. Qwy cuus dh
iii. ohjrk dh
iv. ç—fr dh
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ekr`Hkwfe ds çfr fdl Hkkouk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. ekr`Hkwfe ij cfynku gksus dh bPNkA
II. ohjksa ds iFk ij pyus dh HkkoukA
III. ljgn ij 'kghnksa ds dneksa dks ueu djukA
IV. ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk ds fy, çk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsukA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % dfo ekr`Hkwfe ds çfr leiZ.k dh Hkkouk O;ä dj jgk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % dfo Qwy ds :i esa tUe ysdj ns'k dh j{kk djuk pkgrk gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo ekr`Hkwfe ds çfr dSlh Hkkouk O;ä dj jgk gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us vius cfynku dh bPNk fdl çdkj O;ä dh gS\

¼d½ ml tekus esa ?kj dh nhokjsa ?kj rd gh lekIr ugha gks tkrh Fkh cfYd iwjs eksgYys rd QSyh
jgrh FkhaA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ tc gkynkj lkgc igyh ckj dLcs ls xqtjs] rc mUgksaus ewÆr ij è;ku fn;kA ¼la;qDr okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼x½ mudh Hkko&Hkafxek ls Li"V gks jgk Fkk fd ml izfØ;k esa os [khjs dk jlkLoknu dj jgs gSaA
¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ gekjs gqM+nax epkus ds dkj.k dkWyst okyksa dks FkMZ b;j Hkh [kksyuk iM+kA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ dk'kh vkt Hkh laxhr ds Loj ij tkxrh gS vkSj mlh dh Fkkiksa ij lksrh gSA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls
¼d½ dSIVu p'ek cny nsrk FkkA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ U;wVu }kjk xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds fl)kar dh [kkst dh xÃA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ jlwyuckÃ us Bqejh xkÃA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ uokc lkgc us [khjs dh lc Qk¡dksa dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj Qsaddj rkSfy, ls gkFk vkSj gksaB iksaNsA
¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k ds vFkZ dh iz/kkurk jgrh gS] drkZ o deZ dh ugha\
¼d½ geus mUgsa Øks/k esa dHkh ugha ns[kkA
¼[k½ geus Hkh muds lkeus dh cFkZ ij cSBdj vkRelEeku esa vk¡[ksa pqjk yhaA
¼x½ dk'kh esa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d çkphu ijaijk gSA
¼?k½ brus o"kks± ds varjky us Hkh mudh Hkk"kk dks èkq¡èkyk ugÈ fd;kA
¼³½ xk¡o ds muds dqN çseh Hkh tqV tkrs] [k¡tfM+;ksa vkSj djrkyksa dh Hkjekj gks tkrhA
¼d½ ml dky ekjs Øks/k ds] ru dk¡ius yxkA ekuks gok ds tksj ls] lksrk gqvk lkxj txkA
¼[k½ Qwy g¡ls dfy;k¡ eqldkbZA
¼x½ yk[k&yk[k] dksfV&dksfV gkFkksa ds Li'kZ dh xfjekA
¼?k½ çsj.kk lkFk NksM+rh gqÃ] mRlkg vLr gksrk gqvkA
¼³½ uhy xxu&lk 'kkar ân; Fkk jks jgkA
[kaM&x 30
ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh ekSr mUgÈ ds vuq:i gqÃA og gj o"kZ xaxk&Luku djus tkrsA Luku ij mruh
vkLFkk ugÈ j[krs] ftruk lar&lekxe vkSj yksd&n'kZu ijA iSny gh tkrsA djhc rhl dksl ij
xaxk FkhA lkèkq dks lacy ysus dk D;k gd\ vkSj x`gLFk fdlh ls fHk{kk D;ksa ek¡xs\ vr% ?kj ls [kkdj
pyrs rks fQj ?kj ij gh ykSVdj [kkrsA jkLrsHkj [k¡tM+h ctkrs&xkrs] tgk¡ I;kl yxrh] ikuh ih ysrsA
pkj&ik¡p fnu vkus&tkus esa yxrs( Çdrq bl yacs miokl esa Hkh ogh eLrhA vc cq<+kik vk x;k Fkk]
Çdrq Vsd og tokuh okyhA bl ckj ykSVs rks rch;r dqN lqLr FkhA [kkus&ihus ds ckn Hkh rch;r ugÈ
lqèkjh] FkksM+k cq[kkj vkus yxkA Çdrq use&ozr rks NksM+us okys ugÈ FksA ogh nksuksa twu xhr] Lukuè;ku]
[ksrhckjh ns[kuk fnu&fnu Nhtus yxsA yksxksa us ugkus&èkksus ls euk fd;k] vkjke djus dks dgkA Çdrq
g¡ldj Vkyrs jgsA ml fnu Hkh laè;k esa xhr xk,A Çdrq ekywe gksrk tSls rkxk VwV x;k gks] ekyk
dk ,d&,d nkuk fc[kjk gqvkA Hkksj esa yksxksa us xhr ugÈ lquk] tkdj ns[kk rks ckyxksfcu Hkxr ugÈ
jgs] flQZ mudk iatj iM+k gSA
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr gj o"kZ fdl dkj.k xaxk&Luku djus tkrs Fks\
I. xaxk&Luku dh vkLFkk ds dkj.k
II. lar&lekxe vkSj yksd&n'kZu ds dkj.k
III. vius use&ozr ds dkj.k
IV. iSny ;k=k dk vkuan ysus ds fy,
fodYi%
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh e`R;q vpkud gqÃA
dkj.k (R) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr us viuh chekjh dh Çprk ugÈ dh vkSj ogh use&ozr dk ikyu fd;kA
fodYi%
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr fdl lkèku ls xaxk&Luku ds fy, tkrs Fks\

i. ?kksM+s ij
ii. iSny
iii. cSyxkM+h ls
iv. uko ls
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dks yksxksa us fdl dk;Z ls euk fd;k\
i. [ksrh djus ls
ii. xhr xkus ls
iii. ugkus&èkksus ls
iv. xaxk&Luku ls
I. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk lkèkq LoHkko
II. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh eLrh vkSj use&ozr
III. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh vafre ;k=k
IV. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk lar&lekxe ds çfr çse
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ys[kd dh n`f"V esa ^lH;rk* vkSj ^laLÑfr* dh lgh le> vc rd D;ksa ugha cu ikbZ gS\
¼[k½ ^fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dyk ds vuU; mikld FksA* rdZlfgr mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ eUuw HkaMkjh ds ys[kdh; O;fDrRo fuekZ.k esa 'khyk vxzoky dh Hkwfedk Li"V dhft,A
¼?k½ gkynkj lkgc ckj&ckj p'ek cnyus ij O;aX; D;ksa ugha djrk\
èkU; rqe] ek¡ Hkh rqEgkjh èkU;!
fpj çoklh eSa brj] eSa vU;!
bl vfrfFk ls fç; rqEgkjk D;k jgk laidZ
m¡xfy;k¡ ek¡ dh djkrh jgh gS eèkqidZ
ns[krs rqe bèkj du[kh ekj
vkSj gksrÈ tc fd vk¡[ksa pkj
rc rqEgkjh narqfjr eqldku
eq>s yxrh cM+h gh Nfoeku!
¼d½ *èkU; rqe] ek¡ Hkh rqEgkjh èkU;* iafDr esa dfo fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. ek¡ vkSj iq= ds lkSan;Z dh ç'kalk
ii. ek¡ ds çse dh vksj
iii. iq= dh egkurk dh vksj
iv. dfo dh vkReh;rk dh vksj
¼[k½ *m¡xfy;k¡ ek¡ dh djkrh jgh gS eèkqidZ* iafDr esa *eèkqidZ* dk D;k vFkZ gS\
I. ek¡ }kjk fd;k x;k Lokxr
II. Hkkstu dk ijkslk tkuk
III. ek¡ ds gkFkksa dk Li'kZ
IV. vfrfFk ds lEeku dh çfØ;k
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo vfrfFk ds :i esa ?kj vkrk gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks yxrk gS fd mlds vkus ls ek¡ vkSj iq= ds chp dk fj'rk cny tk,xkA
¼?k½ *rc rqEgkjh narqfjr eqldku* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
i. çse vkSj vkReh;rk
ii. 'kjkjr vkSj galh
iii. [kq'kh vkSj lEeku
iv. eerk vkSj vknj
¼³½ *eq>s yxrh cM+h gh Nfoeku* iafDr esa dfo D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
I. eqLdku dh lqanjrk
II. eqLdku esa fNih 'kjkjr
III. eqLdku dh HkO;rk
IV. eqLdku dk vknj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ xksfi;ksa dks Ñ".k esa ,sls dkSu&ls ifjorZu fn[kkbZ fn,] ftuds dkj.k os viuk eu okil ysus dh
ckr dgrh gS\
¼[k½ ij'kqjke ds Øks/k djus dk ewy dkj.k Li"V dhft,A
¼x½ dfo fdl ckr dks foMacuk ekurs gSa\ blls mlds fdu xq.kksa dk vkHkkl feyrk gS\ vkRdF;
dfork ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k,A
¼?k½ ^mRlkg* vkSj ^vV ugha jgh gS* dforkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fujkyk ds izÑfr&fp=.k dh fo'ks"krk
crkb,A
¼d½ ^lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+----------] ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd vkt dh ih<+h }kjk izÑfr ds lkFk
fdl rjg dk f[kyokM+ fd;k tk jgk gS\
¼[k½ ewlu frokjh }kjk cky&eaMyh dh f'kdk;r ds ckn ikB'kkyk esa HkksykukFk ds lkFk dSlk O;ogkj
gqvk vkSj firk th }kjk mls dSls ?kj yk;k x;k\ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB ds vk/kkj ij o.kZu
dhft,A
¼x½ Þfgjksf'kek dh ?kVuk foKku dk Hk;kudre nq#i;ksx gSAß vkidh n`f"V esa foKku dk nq#i;ksx
dgk¡&dgk¡ vkSj fdl rjg ls gks jgk gS\

¼d½ csjkstxkjh % ,d leL;k

ladsr fcUnq %
•• csjkstxkjh ls mRiUu leL;k,¡
•• csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k
•• lek/kku gsrq lq>ko
¼[k½ lM+d nq?kZVuk
ladsr fcUnq %
•• ;krk;kr fu;eksa dh mis{kk
•• vlko/kkuh
•• fu;a=.k ds fy, lq>ko
¼x½ tSlh laxfr cSfB, rSlksbZ Qy nhu

ladsr fcUnq %
•• lRlaxfr dk izHkko
•• dqlaxfr ls gkfu
•• pfj= dk ifjpk;d
•• izHkko'kkyh O;fDrRo
13. ¼d½ vius {ks= esa ,d ikdZ fodflr djkus ds fy, fuxe vf/kdkjh dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa
esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ iVk[kksa ls gksus okys Ánw"k.k ds Áfr /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq, vius fe= dks yxHkx 100
'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ fDod yfuZax Ák- fy-] t;iqj dks iwzQjhMlZ dh vko';drk gSA blds fy, viuk laf{kIr
Loo`Ùk ¼ck;ksMkVk½ yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vius {ks= nfj;kxat] fnYyh ds fo/kk;d dks {ks= ds ,dek= ljdkjh vLirky dh
vO;oLFkk dks lq/kkjus ds fy, yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ ljdkj dh fu%'kqYd daI;wVj f'k{kk ;kstuk ds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa dk foKkiu rS;kj
dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ viuh lgsyh dks bZn dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs gq, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d lans'k rS;kj
dhft,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 15
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

v‚uykbu f'k{kk vkèkqfud le; esa f'k{kk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vkSj çHkkoh ekè;e cu x;k gSA baVjusV vkSj
fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh ds çlkj us Nk=ksa dks ?kj cSBs f'k{kk çkIr djus dk ,d lqyHk vkSj lqfoèkktud
volj fn;k gSA v‚uykbu f'k{kk dk lcls cM+k ykHk ;g gS fd ;g HkkSxksfyd lhekvksa dks lekIr
djrh gS] ftlls Nk= dgÈ ls Hkh viuh i<+kÃ tkjh j[k ldrs gSaA ;g fo'ks"k :i ls mu Nk=ksa ds
fy, ykHkdkjh gS] tks nwjnjkt ds bykdksa esa jgrs gSa ;k fdlh dkj.ko'k fu;fer Ldwy ;k d‚yst esa
ugÈ tk ldrsA blds vykok] O;Lr dk;ZØe okys yksx Hkh viuh le;&lkj.kh ds vuqlkj v‚uykbu
dkslZ dj ldrs gSaA Hkkjr esa *fMftVy bafM;k* vkSj *Lo;a* tSlh ljdkjh ;kstukvksa us v‚uykbu f'k{kk
dks vkSj vfèkd yksdfç; cuk;k gSA bu IysVQkeks± ds ekè;e ls ns'kHkj ds Nk= mPp xq.koÙkk dh f'k{kk
çkIr dj ldrs gSa vkSj fofHkUu fo"k;ksa esa fo'ks"kKrk gkfly dj ldrs gSaA
gkyk¡fd] v‚uykbu f'k{kk ds dÃ ldkjkRed igyw gSa] fQj Hkh blds lkeus dqN pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh [kM+h
gSaA lcls cM+h leL;k baVjusV dh lhfer miyCèkrk vkSj detksj dusfDVfoVh gS] tks xzkeh.k vkSj fiNM+s
bykdksa esa jgus okys Nk=ksa ds fy, ,d cM+h ckèkk curh gSA blds vfrfjä] f'k{kd vkSj Nk= ds chp
laokn dh deh Hkh ,d xaHkhj pqukSrh gS] D;ksafd blls Nk=ksa dh i<+kÃ esa lfØ;rk vkSj vuq'kklu esa
deh vk ldrh gSA v‚uykbu d{kkvksa esa O;fäxr laidZ dk vHkko gksrk gS] ftlls Nk=ksa dh le> esa
deh vk ldrh gSA blds ckotwn] v‚uykbu f'k{kk us f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa ,d uÃ fn'kk nh gS vkSj Hkfo";
esa ;g f'k{kk dk vfHkUu fgLlk cusxkA ;g u dsoy Nk=ksa dks yphykiu çnku djrk gS] cfYd f'k{kk
ds fy, u, volj Hkh iSnk djrk gS] ftlls f'k{kk dk nk;jk O;kid gks jgk gSA
dFku ¼A½% v‚uykbu f'k{kk Nk=ksa ds fy, ,d lqfoèkktud ekè;e gSA
dkj.k ¼R½% v‚uykbu f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls Nk= dgÈ ls Hkh i<+kÃ dj ldrs gSaA
¼[k½ v‚uykbu f'k{kk ds ykHk D;k gSa–
I- ;g le; vkSj LFkku dh lhekvksa dks rksM+rh gSA
II- ;g O;fäxr laidZ ij vkèkkfjr gSA
III- ;g f'k{kk dks vfèkd lqyHk cukrh gSA
IV- ;g Nk=ksa dks yphykiu çnku djrh gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I *Lo;a* ;kstuk dk mís'; 1- v‚uykbu f'k{kk dk çlkj
II fMftVy bafM;k dk mís'; 2- f'k{kk ds fMftVyhdj.k dks c<+kok
III v‚uykbu f'k{kk dh pqukSrh 3- baVjusV dusfDVfoVh dh deh
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa v‚uykbu f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk dkSu&lh ;kstuk,¡ pykÃ tk jgh gSa\
¼³½ v‚uykbu f'k{kk ds lkeus eq[; pqukSfr;k¡ D;k gSa] vkSj mUgsa dSls gy fd;k tk ldrk gS\

Lora=rk ds nhi tysa]
gj fny esa uÃ meax gksA
ns'k ds fy, gks lc rS;kj]
u, liuksa dh rjax gksA
vkvks feydj vkt dgsa]
ge ns'k dh 'kku cuk,¡xs]
ohjksa dh xkFkk xkdj]
ekr`Hkwfe dks ueu djsaxsA

;g og Hkwfe gS tgk¡ ohjksa us
vius çk.kksa dk cfynku fd;k]
mudh 'kkS;ZxkFkk lqudj
gj fny esa mRlkg Hkj vk;kA
vkt ge mu cfynkuksa dks
;kn djsa] xÆor gks tk,¡A
ge vius ns'k ds çfr
lPph fu"Bk ls viuk drZO; fuHkk,¡]
D;ksafd ;g Lora=rk gesa
muds cfynkuksa ls gh çkIr gqÃ gSA
&lksguyky f}osnh
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl Hkkouk dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
i. çse
ii. la?k"kZ
iii. Lora=rk
iv. 'kkafr
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa Lora=rk ds fdu igyqvksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. Lora=rk ds fy, çk.kksa dk cfynkuA
II. ohjksa dh xkFkk xkukA
III. ns'k ds çfr lPph fu"Bk j[kukA
IV. Lora=rk ds fy, la?k"kZ dk varA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % Lora=rk dk nhi tykus ls fny esa mRlkg Hkjrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd ohjksa dh 'kkS;ZxkFkk lquus ls ns'k ds çfr xoZ vkSj fu"Bk tkxrh gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us Lora=rk çkfIr ds fy, fdldh ç'kalk dh gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ns'k ds çfr fu"Bk fuHkkus dk D;k egRo crk;k x;k gS\

¼d½ tks gekjs ukuk Fks os rks ogh ckykth ds eafnj esa cM+s izfrf"Br 'kgukbZokt+ jg pqds gSaA ¼ljy
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ ewfrZdkj us tc ewfrZ cukbZ] rc og p'ek cukuk Hkwy x;kA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ikfBdk ;g le>uk pkgrh gS fd mlds O;fäRo ij firkth dk D;k vlj gqvkA ¼vkfJr
¼?k½ Åij dh rLohj ls ckyxksfcu Hkxr dks lk/kq ugha ekuk tk,A ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ dguk u gksxk fd vkt ds le; esa Hkh ,slh ijthoh laLd`fr dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ¼jpuk dh
n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ nks lky cM+h cfgu lq'khyk vkSj eSuas ?kj ds cMs+ ls vk¡xu esa lkjs [ksy [ksysA ¼deZokP; esas cnfy,½
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr }kjk dchj ds in xk, x,A ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnysa½
¼x½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ us 'kgukÃ ctkrs gq, le ij iRFkj ekjkA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ ikuokyk ,d dkyk eksVk vkSj [kq'kfet+kt+ vkneh FkkA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,A
¼³½ ^êhuk i<+rh gS** bl okD; esa fØ;k dk lh/kk laca/k fdlls gS\
¼d½ gesa ijksidkjh thou O;rhr djuk pkfg,A
¼[k½ Lokn ds vkuan eas iydsa eq¡n xbZaA
¼x½ ekuo dks balku cukuk vR;ar dfBu dk;Z gS ysfdu vlaHko ughaA
¼?k½ 'kgukÃ ctkus ds fy, jhM dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA
¼³½ rc muds fy, eqf'dy gks jgk FkkA
¼d½ vk, vKkr fn'kk ls vuar ds ?kuA
¼[k½ fut lqgkx eèkqek;k esaA
¼x½ èkwfy&èkwlj rqEgkjs ;s xkrA
¼?k½ ia[kqjh yxs xqykc dh] ifj gS xkr [kjksVA
¼³½ mldk eq[k ekuks pUæek gSA
[kaM&x 30
¼ikB~;iqLrd ,oa iwjd ikB~;iqLrd½
csVs ds fØ;k&deZ esa rwy ugÈ fd;k( irksgw ls gh vkx fnykÃ mldhA Çdrq T;ksagh Jk) dh vofèk iwjh
gks xÃ] irksgw ds HkkÃ dks cqykdj mlds lkFk dj fn;k] ;g vkns'k nsrs gq, fd bldh nwljh 'kknh
dj nsukA bèkj irksgw jks&jksdj dgrh] ÞeSa pyh tkÅ¡xh rks cq<+kis esa dkSu vkids fy, Hkkstu cuk,xk]
chekj iM+s] rks dkSu ,d pqYyw ikuh Hkh nsxk\ eSa iSj iM+rh gw¡] eq>s vius pj.kksa ls vyx ugÈ dhft,!Þ
ysfdu Hkxr dk fu.kZ; vVy FkkA Þrw tk] ugÈ rks eSa gh bl ?kj dks NksM+dj py nw¡xkÞ & ;g Fkh
mudh vkf[kjh nyhy vkSj bl nyhy ds vkxs cspkjh dh D;k pyrh\
¼d½ Hkxr us csVs ds fØ;k&deZ esa dkSu&lk fu.kZ; fy;k\
I. irksgw dks fØ;k&deZ esa 'kkfey ugÈ fd;kA
II. irksgw ls gh vkx fnykÃA
III. csVs ds Jk) esa irksgw dks ?kj ls Hkst fn;kA
IV. irksgw ds HkkÃ dks cqykdj mls fonk dj fn;kA
fodYi%
dFku (A) : Hkxr us irksgw dks ?kj ls fonk dj fn;kA
dkj.k (R) : Hkxr ugÈ pkgrs Fks fd irksgw cq<+kis esa mudh lsok djsA
fodYi%
¼x½ irksgw us fdl dkj.k ls ?kj NksM+us ls euk fd;k\

i. og nwljh 'kknh ugÈ djuk pkgrh FkhA
ii. og Hkxr ds cq<+kis esa mudh lsok djuk pkgrh FkhA
iii. og vius cPpksa dks NksM+dj ugÈ tkuk pkgrh FkhA
iv. og vius ifjokj ls vyx ugÈ gksuk pkgrh FkhA
¼?k½ Hkxr us irksgw ls D;k vkf[kjh nyhy nh\

i. Þrw tk] ugÈ rks eSa gh bl ?kj dks NksM+ nw¡xkAÞ
ii. Þvxj rw ugÈ tk,xh] rks eSa rq>s ?kj ls fudky nw¡xkAÞ
iii. Þrq>s esjh ckr ekuuh gh iM+sxhAÞ
iv. ÞeSa rsjs fcuk ugÈ jg ldrkAÞ
I. Hkxr dk fu.kZ; vkSj –<+rkA
II. irksgw dk leiZ.k vkSj fourhA
III. Hkxr dk ?kj NksM+us dk bjknkA
IV. irksgw dh nwljh 'kknh dk vkns'kA
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^ûsrkth dk p'ek** ikB esa lqHkk"k dh ewÆr fdlus cuokÃ Fkh vkSj D;ksa\
¼[k½ uokc lkgc dh vlqfoèkk vkSj ladksp ds D;k dkj.k jgs gksaxs\
¼x½ ysf[kdk eUuw HkaMkjh ds firk dk Øksèk] lansg ek¡ ij gh D;ksa cjlrk Fkk\
¼?k½ 'kgukbZ dks lqf"kj ok|ksa esa 'kkg dh mikf/k D;ksa nh xbZ gksxh\
eq[; xk;d ds pêku tSls Hkkjh Loj dk lkFk nsrh
og vkokt lqanj detksj dk¡irh gqÃ Fkh
og eq[; xk;d dk NksVk HkkÃ gS
;k mldk f'k";
;k iSny pydj lh[kus vkus okyk nwj dk dksÃ fj'rsnkj
eq[; xk;d dh xjt esa
og viuh xw¡t feykrk vk;k gS çkphudky ls
¼d½ *eq[; xk;d ds pêku tSls Hkkjh Loj* esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. eq[; xk;d dh vkokt dh fLFkjrk vkSj xgjkÃ
ii. eq[; xk;d dh dBksjrk
iii. eq[; xk;d ds vuqHko dh vksj
iv. eq[; xk;d dh vkokt dh lqanjrk
¼[k½ *og vkokt lqanj detksj dk¡irh gqÃ Fkh* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr gS\
I. eq[; xk;d ds lgk;d dh vkokt
II. eq[; xk;d dh vkokt
III. n'kZdksa dh vkokt
IV. fdlh nwj ds fj'rsnkj dh vkokt
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : lgk;d xk;d ges'kk eq[; xk;d dk vuqlj.k djrk gSA
dkj.k (R) : lgk;d xk;d dk Loj eq[; xk;d ds Loj dh xw¡t ds lkFk feydj lkeatL; LFkkfir
djrk gSA
¼?k½ *eq[; xk;d dh xjt esa og viuh xw¡t feykrk vk;k gS çkphudky ls* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr
fd;k x;k gS\
i. eq[; xk;d dh ijaijk vkSj çfr"Bk dh vksj
ii. lgk;d xk;d dh vuqHkoghurk dh vksj
iii. eq[; xk;d vkSj lgk;d xk;d ds fj'rs dh xgjkÃ dh vksj
iv. laxhr dh iqjkuh ijaijkvksa dh vksj
¼³½ *og eq[; xk;d dk NksVk HkkÃ gS ;k mldk f'k";* iafDr esa fdl ckr dh laHkkouk trkÃ xÃ gS\
I. lgk;d xk;d eq[; xk;d dk ifjokj dk lnL; gS
II. lgk;d xk;d ,d f'k"; gS
III. lgk;d xk;d ,d fe= gS
IV. lgk;d xk;d dksÃ fj'rsnkj gS
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ isM+ksa dh Mkfy;ksa ds dgÈ gjs vkSj dgÈ yky gksus rFkk muds mj esa ean&xaèk iq"ieky iM+s gksus
fo"k;d Lo:i o.kZu dks vius 'kCnksa esa Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ narqfjr eqLdku ejs gq, esa Hkh tku dSls Mky nsrh gS\
¼x½ ßvius dks le>ks] esjk jl ys viuh Hkjus okysÞ iafDr dk vk'k; *vkRedF;* dfork ds vk/kkj ij
Li"V dhft,A
¼?k½ Lo;aoj LFky ij f'ko /kuq"k rksM+us okys dks ij'kqjke us fdl izdkj /kedk;k\
¼d½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB esa of.kZr rRdkyhu fo|ky;ksa ds vuq'kklu ls orZeku ;qx ds fo|ky;ksa ds
vuq'kklu dh rqyuk djrs gq, crkb, fd vki fdl vuq'kklu O;oLFkk dks vPNk ekurs gSa vkSj
D;ksa\
¼[k½ ysf[kdk eèkq dkadfj;k ds }kjk fgef'k[kjksa dks ty LraHk dgus dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
¼x½ fdlh jpukdkj ds izsj.kk lzksr fdlh nwljs dks dqN Hkh djus ds fy, fdl rjg mRlkfgr dj
ldrs gSa\

¼d½ Hkkjr esa ck<+ dh leL;k

ladsr fcUnq %
•• ck<+ ds dkj.k
•• tu&thou ij izHkko
•• blls cpus ds mik;
¼[k½ th,lVh
ladsr fcUnq %
•• ifjp;
•• iqjkuh dj O;oLFkk
•• ifjofrZr dj O;oLFkk
¼x½ e/kqj ok.kh
ladsr fcUnq %
•• e/kqj ok.kh % ,d ojnku
•• izHkko vkSj iz;ksx
•• thou esa egRo
13. ¼d½ fdlh cl esa okjnkr dj Hkkx jgs vijk/kh dks laokgd }kjk idM+dj iqfyl dks lkSaius
dh ?kVuk ds fooj.k dh tkudkjh nsrs gq, ifjogu foHkkx ds Áca/kd dks yxHkx 100
'kCnksa esa ,d i= fy[kdj mls iqjLÑr djus dk vuqjks/k dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids NksVs HkkbZ us ,d vkoklh; fo|ky; esa ,d ekl iwoZ gh Áos'k fy;k gSA mldks
fe=ksa ds pquko esa lko/kkuh cjrus ds fy, le>krs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i=
fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ loksZn; cky fo|ky; xksy ekdsZV] ubZ fnYyh esa fganh fo"k; ihthVh dk in fjDr gSA
foKkiu ds vuqlkj viuh ;ksX;rk dk fooj.k izLrqr djrs gq, f'k{kk funs'kd dks Hkstus
gsrq yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids {ks= esa dksbZ Hkh Vsyhfotu lgtrk ls nwjn'kZu ds dk;ZØe ugha idM+ ikrkA cgqr
laHko gS ;g dscy vkWijsVjksa dh dkjLrkuh gksA nwjn'kZu ds egkfuns'kd dks yxHkx 80
'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fy[kdj bl vksj mudk /;ku vkÑ"V dhft,A
15. ¼d½ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh t:jr ds gj lkeku ds fy, miyC/k ^dke/ksuw HkaMkj dk foKkiu yxHkx
40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkidh lgsyh dh ekrk th dk nsgkar gks x;k gSA yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d lkaRouk&lans'k
fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 16
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

2024 Hkkjrh; yksdlHkk pquko 19 vçSy ls 1 twu 2024 rd lkr pj.kksa esa laiUu gqvkA ;g pquko
Hkkjrh; yksdra= dk lcls cM+k pquko Fkk] ftlesa 968 fefy;u ernkrkvksa dks oksV nsus dk vfèkdkj
FkkA bl pquko esa Hkkjr dh 18oÈ yksdlHkk ds fy, 543 lnL;ksa dk pquko gqvkA 4 twu 2024 dks
pquko ds urhts ?kksf"kr gq,] ftlesa Hkkjrh; turk ikVÊ ¼Hkktik½ us 240 lhVksa ij thr gkfly dhA
dkaxzsl vkSj mlds xBcaèku INDIA us 234 lhVsa thrÈA
pquko ds nkSjku Hkktik us fiNys pqukoksa dh rqyuk esa dqN lhVsa [kksb±] tcfd dkaxzsl us foi{k esa
viuh fLFkfr etcwr dhA blds ckotwn] Hkktik ds usr`Ro esa jk"Vªh; turkaf=d xBcaèku ¼NDA½ us
dqy 293 lhVksa ij thr gkfly dj ljdkj cukÃA ujsaæ eksnh rhljh ckj çèkkuea=h cusA pquko ds
nkSjku vkÆFkd lqèkkj] fodkl] csjkstxkjh] vkSj lkekftd eqíksa ij tksj fn;k x;kA
;g pquko Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa dÃ egRoiw.kZ cnyko ysdj vk;k] fo'ks"k :i ls {ks=h; nyksa dh
Hkwfedk vkSj mudh fLFkfr esaA pquko us Hkkjr ds yksdrkaf=d <k¡ps dh rkdr vkSj fofoèkrk dks fQj ls
LFkkfir fd;k] ftlesa fofHkUu ikÆV;ksa vkSj fopkjèkkjkvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh us egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkÃA ;g
pquko 44 fnuksa rd pyk vkSj ns'kHkj esa lkr pj.kksa esa vk;ksftr gqvkA
dFku ¼A½ % dkaxzsl us 2024 yksdlHkk pquko esa 240 lhVsa thrÈA
dkj.k ¼R½ % Hkktik us fiNys pqukoksa dh rqyuk esa dqN lhVsa [kksb±] ysfdu dkaxzsl us foi{k esa viuh
fLFkfr etcwr dhA
¼[k½ 2024 yksdlHkk pquko ds ifj.kkeksa ds vuqlkj–
I- Hkktik us 240 lhVsa thrÈA
II- dkaxzsl us 234 lhVsa thrÈA
III- Hkktik us igys ls vfèkd lhVsa thrÈA
IV- dkaxzsl us Hkktik ls vfèkd lhVsa thrÈA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkktik dk usr`Ro 1- ujsaæ eksnh
II dkaxzsl dk usr`Ro 2- jkgqy xkaèkh
III urhtksa dh ?kks"k.kk 3- 4 twu 2024
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ 2024 yksdlHkk pquko fdrus pj.kksa esa laiUu gqvk vkSj fdrus fnu rd pyk\
¼³½ 2024 ds yksdlHkk pquko ifj.kkeksa dk Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ij D;k çHkko iM+k\

ns'k dh ekVh esa lks;k gS
gj ohj tks cfynku gqvk]
mldh vej xkFkk ls
ns'k dk gj dksuk jks'ku gqvkA
;g og Hkwfe gS tgk¡
gj d.k esa clh gS ohjrk dh xkFkk]

gj tu esa Hkjk gS xoZ]
vkSj gj fny esa ns'k dk ukjkA
tks fn;k Fkk mUgksaus viuk thou]
gekjs fy, Fkk mudk og vafre cfynkuA
vkt ge mudh xkFkk,¡ xkrs gSa]
mudh 'kkS;ZxkFkkvksa ls çsj.kk ysrs gSaA
vkvks vkt ge ç.k ysa]
ns'k dh j{kk ds fy, viuk loZLo viZ.k djsaxs]
muds cfynkuksa dk eku j[ksa]
vkSj vius drZO;ksa dk ikyu djsaA
&lksguyky f}osnh
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl Hkkouk ij t+ksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. çse
ii. cfynku
iii. la?k"kZ
iv. ohjrk
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ns'k ds çfr fdl çdkj dh fu"Bk O;ä dh xÃ gS\
I. ohjksa dh 'kkS;ZxkFkkvksa ls çsj.kk ysukA
II. ns'k dh j{kk ds fy, ladYi ysukA
III. ns'k ds fy, cfynku nsus dk HkkoA
IV. ns'k dh 'kku cuk, j[kukA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % ohjksa dk cfynku ns'k dks xkSjo fnykrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd mudk cfynku ns'k ds fy, fd;k x;k lcls cM+k ;ksxnku gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us ns'k ds ohjksa ds cfynku dk D;k egRo crk;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us ns'k ds çfr fu"Bk vkSj ladYi dk D;k lans'k fn;k gS\

¼d½ jlwyu vkSj crwyu us xkuk xk;k] D;ksafd blh ls veh#n~nhu dks [kq'kh feyrh gSA ¼ljy okD;
esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ nwljh ckj] tc gkynkj lkgc m/kj ls xqtjs rks mUgsa ewfrZ esa dqN varj fn[kkbZ fn;kA ¼la;qDr
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ,d p'esokyk gS ftldk uke dSIVu gSA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ ekWjh'kl dh LoPNrk ns[kdj eu izlUu gks x;kA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ og ewfrZ iRFkj dh Fkh] ij mldk p'ek vlyh FkkA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ ikuokyk u;k iku [kk jgk FkkA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ egkçHkq oYyHkkpk;Z }kjk lwjnkl dks f'k"; cuk;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ [kk¡ lkgc us vius thou ds vkjafHkd fnuksa esa laxhr ds çfr vklfä Lohdkj dhA ¼HkkookP; esa
cnfy,½
¼?k½ fl)kFkZ us ekuork dh HkykÃ ds fy, viuk ?kj NksM+ fn;kA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ okP; dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ fyf[k,A
¼d½ ioZrh; {ks= viuh uSlfxZd lqqanjrk ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA
¼[k½ eSa ml ifo= T;ksfr dh ;kn esa J)kur gw¡A
¼x½ eafnj ds foxzgksa dks irk ugÈ fdruh le> gSA
¼?k½ ;g rks iwjs ns'k dh iqdkj gSA
¼³½ uokc lkgc us laxfr ds fy, mRlkg ugÈ fn[kk;kA
¼d½ fi?kydj ty cu x;k gksxk dfBu ik"kk.kA
¼[k½ lqudj D;k rqe Hkyk djksxs esjh Hkksyh vkRe&dFkk\
¼x½ dksfV dqfyl le cpu rqEgkjsA
¼?k½ ijl ikdj rqEgkjk gh çk.k] fi?kydj ty cu x;k gksxk dfBu ik"kk.kA
¼³½ guqeku dh iwaN esa yxu u ikÃ vkx] yadk flxjh ty xÃ x, fu'kkpj HkkxA
[kaM&x 30
gkynkj lkgc dks gj iaægosa fnu daiuh ds dke ds flyflys esa ml dLcs ls xqtjuk iM+rk FkkA
dLck cgqr cM+k ugÈ FkkA ftls iDdk edku dgk tk lds oSls dqN gh edku vkSj ftls cktkj dgk
tk lds oSlk ,d gh cktkj FkkA dLcs esa ,d yM+dksa dk Ldwy] ,d yM+fd;ksa dk Ldwy] ,d lhesaV
dk NksVk&lk dkj[kkuk] nks vksiu ,;j flusek?kj vkSj ,d Bks uxjikfydk Hkh FkhA uxjikfydk Fkh
rks dqN&u&dqN djrh Hkh jgrh FkhA dHkh dksÃ lM+d iDdh djok nh] dHkh dqN is'kkc?kj cuok fn,]
dHkh dcwrjksa dh Nrjh cuok nh rks dHkh dfo lEesyu djok fn;kA blh uxjikfydk ds fdlh mRlkgh
cksMZ ;k ç'kklfud vfèkdkjh us ,d ckj 'kgj ds eq[; cktkj ds eq[; pkSjkgs ij usrkth lqHkk"kpaæ
cksl dh ,d laxejej dh çfrek yxok nhA ;g dgkuh mlh çfrek ds ckjs esa gS] cfYd mlds Hkh
,d NksVs&ls fgLls ds ckjs esaA
¼d½ dLcs esa D;k&D;k çeq[k lqfoèkk,¡ FkÈ\
I. ,d yM+dksa dk Ldwy
II. ,d lhesaV dk dkj[kkuk
III. nks vksiu ,;j flusek?kj
IV. ,d jsyos LVs'ku
fodYi%
i. dFku I, II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
ii. dFku I, II vkSj III lgh gSaA
iii. dsoy dFku II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iv. dFku I, II, III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : uxjikfydk dLcs esa lfØ; FkhA
dkj.k (R) : uxjikfydk us dLcs esa lM+dsa iDdh djokus vkSj dfo lEesyu djkus dk dk;Z fd;k FkkA
fodYi%
¼x½ usrkth lqHkk"kpaæ cksl dh çfrek dgk¡ yxkÃ xÃ Fkh\
i. yM+dksa ds Ldwy ds lkeus
ii. uxjikfydk Hkou ds ikl
iii. eq[; cktkj ds eq[; pkSjkgs ij
iv. lhesaV ds dkj[kkus ds ikl
¼?k½ dLcs dh uxjikfydk us D;k&D;k dk;Z djok, Fks\

i. lM+d iôh djokuk
ii. is'kkc?kj cuokuk
iii. usrkth dh çfrek yxokuk
iv. mi;qZDr lHkh lgh gSaA
I. usrkth lqHkk"kpaæ cksl dh çfrek dk vukoj.k
II. dLcs dh uxjikfydk dh xfrfofèk;k¡
III. usrkth dh çfrek vkSj mldk fo'ks"k fgLlk
IV. dLcs dh çeq[k lqfoèkk,¡
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ûkScr[kkus esa bcknr* ikB ds vkèkkj ij fyf[k, fd ckykth dk eafnj dgk¡ fLFkr gS vkSj bldh
D;k fo'ks"krk gS\
¼[k½ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikB esa ysf[kdk us vius firk ds fe= dks fugk;r nfd;kuwlh D;ksa dgk gS\
¼x½ euhf"k;ksa ls feyus okyk Kku fdldk ifjpk;d gSa\ ^laLÑfr* ikB ds vk/kkj crkb,A
¼?k½ uokc lkgc ds }kjk [khjs ds jlkLoknu dh fofèk dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k, vkSj crkb, fd [khjs
dh fofèkor rS;kj dh xÃ Qk¡dksa dks lw¡?kdj ckgj Qsad nsuk dgk¡ rd mfpr Fkk\
vk;slq dkg dfgv fdu eksghA lqfu fjlkb cksys eqfu dksghAA
js uì ckyd dky cl cksyr rksfg u l¡HkkjA
èkuqgh le f=iqjkfj èkuq fcfnr ldy lalkjAA
¼d½ *lqfu eqfucpu y[ku eqlqdkus* iafDr esa y{e.k dh eqLdjkgV dk D;k dkj.k gks ldrk gS\
i. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dk etkd cukus ds fy,
ii. ij'kqjke dh xaHkhjrk dk migkl djus ds fy,
iii. ij'kqjke ds çfr vius lkgl dk çn'kZu djus ds fy,
iv. jke ds çfr viuh fu"Bk fn[kkus ds fy,
¼[k½ *lqugq jke tsfg floèkuq rksjk* iafDr esa fdl ckr dh psrkouh nh tk jgh gS\
I. f'koèkuq"k rksM+us ls gksus okys [krjs dh
II. jke dh ohjrk dh ç'kalk dh tk jgh gS
III. lglckgq dh rjg 'k=q cuus dh psrkouh
IV. jktk cuus ds ifj.kke dh psrkouh
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : y{e.k dks ij'kqjke ls Mj ugÈ yxrkA
dkj.k (R) : y{e.k dks foÜokl gS fd ij'kqjke dk Øksèk vuqfpr gSA
¼?k½ *;sfg èkuq ij eerk dsfg gsrw* iafDr esa *eerk* fdldh vksj b'kkjk dj jgh gS\
i. f'koèkuq"k ds çfr ij'kqjke dh vklfDr
ii. y{e.k ds çfr jke dh fu"Bk
iii. ij'kqjke ds çfr y{e.k dk lEeku
iv. ij'kqjke ds vgadkj dh vksj
¼³½ *js uì ckyd dky cl cksyr rksfg u l¡Hkkj* iafDr esa ij'kqjke fdls lacksfèkr dj jgs gSa\
I. jke dks
II. y{e.k dks
III. lglckgq dks
IV. jktk tud dks
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^mRlkg* dfork esa cknyksa ds fy, ûothou* fo'ks"k.k dk iz;ksx fdl lanHkZ esa fd;k x;k gS\
¼[k½ izlkn th ^vkRedF;* esa ladksp ds f'kdkj D;ksa gSa\
¼x½ ^Qly* dfork ds vk/kkj ij Qly mitkus ds fy, fdu vko';d rÙoksa dh t:jr iM+rh gS]
fyf[k,A
¼?k½ laxrdkj tSls O;fDr laxhr ds vykok vkSj fdu&fdu {ks=ksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa\
¼d½ ^cPps jksuk&/kksuk] ihM+k] vkilh >xM+s T;knk nsj rd vius lkFk ugha j[k ldrs gSaA* êkrk dk
v¡py* ikB ds vk/kkj ij bl dFku dks mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ vKs; th czãiq= unh esa ce Qsadus vkSj fgjksf'kek ds foLQksV esa dkSu&lh lekurk ns[krs gSa\
¼x½ ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd ÁÑfr ds vuar vkSj fojkV Lo:i dks
ns[kdj ysf[kdk dks dSlh vuqHkwfr gqbZA

¼d½ Hkz"Vkpkj % ,d xaHkhj leL;k

ladsr fcanq %
•• Hkz"Vkpkj dk vFkZ
•• bldk dqizHkko
•• Hkz"Vkpkj esa Hkkjr dk LFkku
•• Hkz"Vkpkj dh jksdFkke ds fy, mBk, tk jgs dne
•• blds fo#) ,dtqV gksus dk vkg~oku
¼[k½ Lo;a lq/kjsaxs( tx lq/kjsxk
ladsr fcanq %
•• vkt pkjksa vksj cqjkb;k¡
•• cqjk O;fDr lekt ds fy, gkfudkjd
•• loZizFke Lo;a dk lq/kkj vko';d
•• bfrgkl ls egkiq#"kksa ds mnkgj.k
•• Lo;a dks lq/kkjus dk ladYi
¼x½ dU;k&Hkzw.k gR;k % dkj.k vkSj fuokj.k

ladsr fcanq %
•• Hkkjrh; lekt dk dyad
•• dU;kvksa ds izfr lekt dh nwf"kr lksp
•• blds dkj.k
•• bl cqjkbZ dks jksdus ds mik;
•• ljdkjh iz;kl
•• milagkj
13. ¼d½ vkids {ks= dk Mkfd;k egRoiw.kZ Mkd] iklZy vkfn le; ij ugha igq¡pkrk gSA blls yksxksa
dks dkQh uqdlku mBkuk iM+rk gSA mldh f'kdk;r djrs gq, Mkdiky] v-c-l- uxj dks
yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vki vuqjkx pkSgku gSaA vius cM+s HkkbZ dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,] ftlesa
muds }kjk le;≤ ij fl[kkbZ xbZ vPNh ckrksa dk vuqikyu djus rFkk muls gksus
okys ykHkksa dk mYys[k gksA
14. ¼d½ vki r#.k 'kekZ gSaA vki ,e-dkWe dj pqds gSaA vkidks Mh-,-oh- Ldwy esa v c l uxj
daI;wVj v/;kid in ds fy, vkosnu djuk gSA blds fy, vki viuk laf{kIr Loo`Ùk
¼ck;ksMkVk½ yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkius cSad vkWQ cM+kSnk esa [kkrk [kqyok;k gS] ysfdu vkidks vHkh rd pSd cqd ugha
feyhA blds fy, f'kdk;r djrs gq, cSad Áca/kd dks pSd cqd fHktokus ds fy, yxHkx
80 'kCnksa esa bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ fjySDlks pIiy dk yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vius fe= dh nknh th ds fu/ku ij mls <k<+lc¡/kkrs gq, lgkuqHkwfr ls ifjiw.kZ yxHkx
40 'kCnksa esa ,d J)katfy lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 17
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

vkradokn vkt ds le; dh lcls xaHkhj oSf'od leL;kvksa esa ls ,d gSA vkradokn dk mís'; Hk;
vkSj vfLFkjrk QSykuk gksrk gS] ftlls lekt vkSj ns'k dh lqj{kk vkSj fLFkjrk ij lhèkk vlj iM+rk
gSA vkradoknh laxBu vkerkSj ij jktuhfrd] èkkÆed ;k lkaL—frd mís';ksa dh iwÆr ds fy, Çglk dk
lgkjk ysrs gSaA os funksZ"k ukxfjdksa ij geys djrs gSa vkSj ns'k dh vkÆFkd] lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd
O;oLFkk dks uqdlku igq¡pkrs gSaA vkradokn dk çHkko u dsoy çHkkfor ns'k rd lhfer jgrk gS] cfYd
;g fo'oHkj esa vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk QSykrk gSA
Hkkjr Hkh yacs le; ls vkradokn dk f'kdkj jgk gSA tEew vkSj d'ehj] mÙkj&iwoÊ jkT;ksa vkSj vU;
{ks=ksa esa vkradoknh xfrfofèk;k¡ gksrh jgh gSaA vkradokn ds dkj.k ns'k dh vkarfjd lqj{kk dks Hkkjh
uqdlku gksrk gS] vkSj blds ifj.kkeLo:i ns'k dh vkÆFkd çxfr ij Hkh udkjkRed çHkko iM+rk gSA
vkradoknh xfrfofèk;k¡ O;kikj] i;ZVu vkSj lkekU; thou dks çHkkfor djrh gSa] ftlls ukxfjdksa dk
thou dfBu gks tkrk gSA
vkradokn ds f[kykQ ljdkj us dÃ egRoiw.kZ dne mBk, gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj us vkradokn ls
fuiVus ds fy, fo'ks"k lqj{kk cyksa dk xBu fd;k gS vkSj varjjk"Vªh; lg;ksx c<+kus ds ç;kl fd,
gSaA lkFk gh] vkradokn dks tM+ ls feVkus ds fy, lkekftd vkSj vkÆFkd lqèkkjksa ij Hkh è;ku fn;k
tk jgk gSA ljdkj yksxksa dks tkx:d dj jgh gS fd os vkradoknh fopkjèkkjk ls nwj jgsa vkSj 'kkafr
,oa HkkÃpkjs dks c<+kok nsaA blds ckotwn] vkradokn ds f[kykQ yM+kÃ esa lHkh ukxfjdksa dh Hkkxhnkjh
t:jh gS rkfd bls iwjh rjg ls lekIr fd;k tk ldsA
dFku ¼A½% vkradokn lekt dh lqj{kk vkSj fLFkjrk dks çHkkfor djrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½% vkradoknh laxBu Çglk dk lgkjk ysdj lekt esa Hk; QSykrs gSaA
¼[k½ vkradokn ls fuiVus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk mBk, x, dne D;k gSa–
I- fo'ks"k lqj{kk cyksa dk xBu
II- vkradoknh laxBuksa ds lkFk le>kSrk djuk
III- varjjk"Vªh; lg;ksx c<+kuk
IV- lkekftd vkSj vkÆFkd lqèkkj djuk
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I vkradokn dk çHkko 1- lekt esa vlqj{kk QSykuk
II ljdkj dk dne 2- fo'ks"k lqj{kk cyksa dk xBu
III vkradokn dk mís'; 3- jktuhfrd ;k èkkÆed ykHk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr ljdkj vkradokn ls fuiVus ds fy, dkSu&ls dne mBk jgh gS\
¼³½ vkradokn dk lekt vkSj ns'k dh vkÆFkd O;oLFkk ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\
gjh&Hkjh èkjrh ij
Qwyksa dh lqxaèk fc[kjh gSA
isM+ viuh 'kk[kkvksa dks QSyk,]
vkdk'k ls ckrsa dj jgs gSaA
unh dk ikuh dydy djrk]
gj iRFkj ls Vdjkrk gSA
if{k;ksa dk eèkqj laxhr
gj fn'kk esa xw¡t jgk gSA
;g ç—fr dh xksn gS]

tgk¡ 'kkafr vkSj lkSan;Z dk okl gSA
;g og èkjksgj gS]
tks gesa thou nsrh gS]
gj fnu uÃ ÅtkZ vkSj rktxh ls Hkj nsrh gSA
bl èkjrh dk laj{k.k
gekjk drZO; gS]
D;ksafd ;gh gekjs Hkfo"; dh uÈo gSA
vkvks feydj ç.k ysa
fd bl vewY; èkjksgj dks lgstsaxs]
vkSj bls vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa ds fy,
lqjf{kr cuk,¡xsA
&egknsoh oekZ
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdldh egÙkk ij tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. unh
ii. ç—fr
iii. Qwy
iv. i{kh
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ç—fr ds fdu igyqvksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. unh dk ikuh dydy cgrk gSA
II. isM+ vkdk'k ls ckrsa dj jgs gSaA
III. if{k;ksa dk laxhr eèkqj gSA
IV. èkjrh dk laj{k.k gekjk drZO; gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % èkjrh dk laj{k.k gekjk drZO; gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd ;g gekjs Hkfo"; dh uÈo gS vkSj thou ds fy, t:jh gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dof;=h us ç—fr dh egÙkk fdl çdkj ls çLrqr dh gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa èkjrh ds laj{k.k dk D;k egRo crk;k x;k gS\

¼d½ ikfBdk dks yxrk gS fd firkth dh rqyuk ls mlesa ghu&Hkkouk mRiUu gks xÃA ¼ljy okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼[k½ tc laL—fr dk lacaèk dY;k.k ls VwV tkrk gS] rc og vlaL—fr cu tkrh gSA ¼la;qDr okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼x½ jkstukeps esa ckykth dk eafnj lcls Åij vkrk gS blfy, gj fnu dh 'kq#vkr ogha M;ks<+h ij
gksrh gSA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh laxhr&lk/kuk dk pje mRd"kZ muds csVs ds ejus okys fnu ns[kk x;kA ¼feJ
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ gkynkj lkgc tc dLcs ls xqtjrs rc usrkth dh ewfrZ ij cnys gq, p'eksa dks ns[krsA ¼jpuk
dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ xk¡o okyksa us ckyxksfcu Hkxr dks [ksr esa dke djrs ns[kkA ¼deZokP; esa cnysa½
¼[k½ M‚DVj vackyky th }kjk eUuw ds Hkk"k.k dh rkjhQ dh xÃA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ mUgksaus dk'kh fo'oukFk dh vksj eq[k djds 'kgukÃ ctkÃA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ ikuokys ls vk¡[kksa&gh&vk¡[kksa esa g¡lk x;kA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k dk dsanz fcanq drkZ gksrk gS\
¼d½ vPNs&vPNksa us bl loky dk gy <w<+us dk iz;kl fd;k] fdarq lcdks vlQyrk gh gkFk yxhA
¼[k½ usrkth dh cxSj p'esa okyh ewfrZ cqjh yxrh gSA
¼x½ og ckykth eafnj esa jkst+ fj;kt+ djrk gSA
¼?k½ ogk¡ ls [kÈpdj fLFkfr;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh esa cny fn;kA
¼³½ lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA
¼d½ mM+us dks uHk esa rqe] ij&ij dj nsrs gksA
¼[k½ dksfV dqfyl le cpu rqEgkjsA
¼x½ m¡xfy;k¡ ek¡ dh djkrh jgh gSa eèkqidZA
¼?k½ tku iM+rk gS us= ns[k cM+s cM+s ghjks esa xksy uhye gSa tM+sA
¼³½ jk.kk dh iqryh fQjh ugÈ] rc rd psrd eqM+ tkrk FkkA
[kaM&x 30
uokc lkgc us fQj ,d iy f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj xkSj fd;k vkSj –<+ fu'p; ls [khjksa ds uhps j[kk
rkSfy;k >kM+dj lkeus fcNk fy;kA lhV ds uhps ls yksVk mBkdj nksuksa [khjksa dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj
èkks;k vkSj rkSfy, ls iksaN fy;kA tsc ls pkdw fudkykA nksuksa [khjksa ds flj dkVs vkSj mUgsa xksndj
>kx fudkykA fQj [khjksa dks cgqr ,gfr;kr ls Nhydj Qk¡dksa dks djhus ls rkSfy, ij ltkrs x,A
y[kuÅ LVs'ku ij [khjk cspus okys [khjs ds bLrseky dk rjhdk tkurs gSaA xzkgd ds fy,
thjk&feyk ued vkSj filh gqÃ yky fepZ dh iqfM+;k Hkh gkftj dj nsrs gSaA
uokc lkgc us cgqr djhus ls [khjs dh Qk¡dksa ij thjk&feyk ued vkSj yky fepZ dh lq[kÊ cqjd
nhA mudh çR;sd Hkko&Hkafxek vkSj tcM+ksa ds LQqj.k ls Li"V Fkk fd ml çfØ;k esa mudk eq[k [khjs
ds jlkLoknu dh dYiuk ls Iykfor gks jgk FkkA
¼d½ uokc lkgc [khjksa dks dSls rS;kj dj jgs Fks\
I. [khjksa dks f[kM+dh ls èkksdj rkSfy, ij ltk;kA
II. [khjksa dks fcuk èkks, dkV fn;kA
III. [khjksa ij thjk&feyk ued vkSj yky fepZ cqjd nhA
IV. [khjksa dks idkus ds fy, rS;kj fd;kA
fodYi%
dFku (A) : uokc lkgc us [khjksa ij fepZ vkSj ued ugÈ Mkyk D;ksafd og [khjs dk okLrfod Lokn
ysuk pkgrs FksA
dkj.k (R) : uokc lkgc dks [khjs dk çk—frd Lokn elkyksa ls csgrj yxrk FkkA
fodYi%
¼x½ uokc lkgc us [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks dSls ltk;k\
i. cgqr ,gfr;kr ls rkSfy, ij djhus ls ltk;kA
ii. f[kM+dh ij j[kdj ltk;kA
iii. pkdw ls dkVdj IysV esa ltk;kA
iv. [khjs dks fcuk dkVs j[k fn;kA
¼?k½ uokc lkgc [khjs ij dkSu&dkSu ls elkys cqjd jgs Fks\

i. dkyk ued vkSj yky fepZ
ii. thjk&feyk ued vkSj yky fepZ
iii. filk èkfu;k vkSj dkyh fepZ
iv. lQsn ued vkSj fepZ ikmMj
I. uokc lkgc dh [khjs dh rS;kjh dk fo'ks"k rjhdk
II. [khjs ds jlkLoknu dk vkuan
III. y[kuÅ ds [khjs dh [kkfl;r
IV. [khjksa ij elkyk fNM+dus dh çfØ;k
fodYi%
¼d½ egkiq#"kksa dh ewfrZ;ksa ds izfr gekjs D;k mÙkjnkf;Ro gksus pkfg,\
¼[k½ Jk) dh vofèk iwjh gksus ij ckyxksfcu Hkxr us irksgw ds lkFk dSlk O;ogkj fd;k\ vki bls
dgk¡ rd mfpr ekurs gSa\
¼x½ 'kgukbZ dh nqfu;k esa Mqejk¡o dks D;ksa ;kn fd;k tkrk gSa\
¼?k½ uokc lkgc us cgqr gh ;Ru ls [khjk dkVk] ued&fepZ cqjdk] varr% lw¡?kdj gh f[kM+dh ls ckgj
Qsd
a fn;kA mUgksua s ,slk D;ksa fd;k gksxk\ mudk ,slk djuk muds dSls LoHkko dks bafxr djrk gS\
ÅèkkS] rqe gkS vfr cM+HkkxhA
vijl jgr lusg rxk rSa] ukfgu eu vuqjkxhA
iqjbfu ikr jgr ty Hkhrj] rk jl nsg u nkxhA
T;kSa ty ekg¡ rsy dh xkxfj] cw¡n u rkdkSa ykxhA
çhfr&unh eSa ikm¡ u cks;kSZ] –f"V u :i ijkxhA
^lwjnkl* vcyk ge Hkksjh] xqj pk¡Vh T;kSa ikxhA
¼d½ *ÅèkkS] rqe gkS vfr cM+Hkkxh* iafDr esa dfo fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr dj jgs gSa\
i. m)o ds lkSHkkX; dh vksj
ii. m)o ds çfr O;aX; dh vksj
iii. m)o ds nq[k dh vksj
iv. m)o ds lkgl dh vksj
¼[k½ *iqjbfu ikr jgr ty Hkhrj] rk jl nsg u nkxh* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. m)o ds fojDr jgus dh fLFkfr
II. m)o ds çse esa Mwcus dh fLFkfr
III. m)o ds la?k"kZ dh fLFkfr
IV. m)o ds eksgHkax dh fLFkfr
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : m)o dks xksfi;ksa us lkSHkkX;'kkyh dgk gSA
dkj.k (R) : m)o —".k ds lkfuè; esa jgrs gq, Hkh çse ls vçHkkfor jgsA
¼?k½ *xqj pk¡Vh T;kSa ikxh* iafDr esa *xqj* vkSj *pk¡Vh* fdldk çrhd gSa\
i. xqj m)o dk vkSj pk¡Vh xksfi;ksa dk
ii. xqj —".k dk vkSj pk¡Vh m)o dk
iii. xqj —".k dk vkSj pk¡Vh xksfi;ksa dk
iv. xqj m)o dk vkSj pk¡Vh lwjnkl dk
¼³½ *çhfr&unh eSa ikm¡ u cks;kSZ* iafDr esa m)o dh fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
I. çse esa vlQyrk
II. çse esa vO;Drrk
III. çse ls fojfDr
IV. çse esa Mwcus dh bPNk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^^mRlkg** vkSj ^^vV ugÈ jgh gS** dfork esa fdu _rqvksa dk o.kZu gqvk gS rFkk muesa ls vkidks
dkSu&lh _rq vkd"kZd vkSj mi;ksxh yxrh gS\
¼[k½ Le`fr dks îkFks;* cukus ls dfo dk D;k vk'k; gS\ ^vkRedF;* dfork ds vk/kkj ij le>kb,A
¼x½ dfo dks cPps dh eqLdku fdl voLFkk esa vkSj vfèkd 'kksHkk'kkyh yx mBrh gS\ ^;g narqfjr
eqLkdku* ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼?k½ laxrdkj fdu&fdu :iksa esa eq[; xk;dksa dh enn djrs gSa\
¼d½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB esa cPps ckjkr dk tqyl w dSls fudkyrs Fks\
¼[k½ igkM+h cPpksa vkSj egkuxjh; cPpksa dh thou&'kSyh esa vkidks D;k fHkUurk fn[kkÃ nsrh gS\
^lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB ds vkèkkj ij vius fopkj fyf[k,A
¼x½ eSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\ dk ys[kd us D;k mRrj fn;k\

¼d½ ns'k Áse

ladsr fcUnq %
•• ns'k ds izfr izseHkko
•• cfynku dh Hkkouk
•• Hkz"Vkpkj [kRe djus ds fy, la?k"kZ djuk
•• ns'k dh Nfo mTToy djus dk iz;kl
¼[k½ vk/kqfud thou esa eksckby
ladsr fcUnq %
•• vkt dh vko';drk
•• ;qokvksa esa eksckby dh c<+rh gksM+
•• gkfu;k¡
•• lq>ko
¼x½ cqjk tks ns[ku eSa pyk
ladsr fcUnq %
•• fuank djuk ,d vke nqxqZ.k
•• lkekU; thou ls mnkgj.k
•• nks"k lq/kkj dSls\
13. ¼d½ vius {ks= ds Fkkuk/;{k dks vius lkFk gq, fdlh vijk/k dh lwpuk yxHkx 100 'kCnksa
esa ,d i= fy[kdj nhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkidk fe= vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- dh ijh{kk esa p;fur gks x;k gSA mls c/kkbZ nsrs gq, yxHkx
100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ f'k{kk funs'kky;] fnYYkh esa f'k{kk vf/kdkjh dks izkFkfed f'k{kd&in ds fy, vkosnu djus
gsrq Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A ¼yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa½ 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vki dqN fnuksa ds fy, fons'k tk jgs gSAa bl nkSjku vkus okyh viuh Mkd dks Mkd?kj esa gh
l¡Hkkydj j[kus ds fy, ÁkFkZuk djrs gq, Mkd vf/kdkjh dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy
fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ vkids 'kgj esa ,d u;k okVj ikdZ [kqyk gS] ftlesa ikuh ds [ksy] jksekapd >wyksa] euks-
jatd [ksyksa vkSj [kku&iku dh O;oLFkk gSA blds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu
vFko
¼[k½ vius ekek ds fookg ij mUgsa yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d c/kkbZ&lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 18
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

*esd bu bafM;k* Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 'kq: dh xÃ ,d çeq[k igy gS] ftldk mís'; ns'k esa fuekZ.k {ks=
dks c<+kok nsuk gSA ;g dk;ZØe 25 flracj 2014 dks çèkkuea=h ujsaæ eksnh }kjk y‚Up fd;k x;k FkkA
*esd bu bafM;k* dk eq[; mís'; Hkkjr dks ,d oSf'od fofuekZ.k gc esa cnyuk gS] ftlls ?kjsyw vkSj
fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdÆ"kr fd;k tk ldsA bl ;kstuk ds rgr ljdkj us 25 çeq[k {ks=ksa dh igpku
dh gS] ftuesa v‚Vkseksckby] j{kk mRiknu] QkekZL;qfVdYl] bysDVª‚fuDl] jlk;u] vkSj oL= tSls çeq[k
m|ksx 'kkfey gSaA
*esd bu bafM;k* ;kstuk ds varxZr ljdkj us dÃ uhfrxr lqèkkj ykxw fd, gSa] ftlls O;olk;
'kq: djus vkSj m|ksx LFkkfir djus dh çfØ;k,¡ vklku gqÃ gSaA fons'kh daifu;ksa dks Hkkjr esa fuos'k
djus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlls jkstxkj ds volj c<+sa vkSj vkÆFkd fodkl dks xfr
feysA bl ;kstuk dk mís'; u dsoy mRiknu dks c<+kok nsuk gS] cfYd ns'k esa mPp xq.koÙkk okys
mRiknksa dk fuekZ.k djuk Hkh gSA blds vykok] *esd bu bafM;k* igy us m|e'khyrk dks Hkh çksRlkfgr
fd;k gS] ftlls NksVs vkSj e>ksys m|ksxksa dks Hkh c<+kok feyk gSA
gkykafd] *esd bu bafM;k* igy ds lkeus dÃ pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh gSa] tSls cqfu;knh <kaps dh deh] fuos'k
dh èkheh xfr] vkSj dq'ky Jfedksa dh dehA bu pqukSfr;ksa ds ckotwn] ljdkj fujarj ç;kl dj jgh
gS fd ;g ;kstuk lQy gks vkSj Hkkjr dks oSf'od fofuekZ.k ekufp= ij ,d çeq[k LFkku fnyk;k tk
ldsA *esd bu bafM;k* u dsoy Hkkjr ds vkÆFkd fodkl ds fy,] cfYd jkstxkj l`tu vkSj vkS|ksfxd
fodkl ds fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ igy lkfcr gks jgh gSA
dFku ¼A½ % *esd bu bafM;k* dk mís'; Hkkjr dks oSf'od fofuekZ.k gc cukuk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % ;g ;kstuk ns'k esa fons'kh vkSj ?kjsyw fuos'k dks c<+kok nsrh gSA
¼[k½ *esd bu bafM;k* ds mís'; D;k gSa–
I- Hkkjr dks fofuekZ.k gc cukuk
II- fons'kh fuos'k dks c<+kok nsuk
III- mPp xq.koÙkk okys mRiknksa dk fuekZ.k
IV- Hkkjr ds lHkh m|ksxksa dks lekIr djuk
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I *esd bu bafM;k* dk mís'; 1- Hkkjr dks fofuekZ.k gc cukuk
II çeq[k m|ksx 2- v‚Vkseksckby] bysDVª‚fuDl
III uhfrxr lqèkkj 3- O;olk; LFkkfir djuk vklku cukuk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ *esd bu bafM;k* ;kstuk ds rgr ljdkj }kjk mBk, x, çeq[k dne D;k gSa\
¼³½ *esd bu bafM;k* ;kstuk ls Hkkjr ds vkÆFkd fodkl dks dSls xfr fey jgh gS\

thou ,d la?k"kZ gS]
gj dne ij pqukSfr;k¡ gSaA
ij tks MVdj [kM+k jgrk gS]
ogh fot; dk Lokn p[krk gSA
iFk esa dkaVs feysaxs]
gj vksj vaèkdkj gksxkA
ij gkj ugÈ ekuuk]
D;ksafd ;g la?k"kZ gh rqEgsa

etcwr vkSj lkglh cuk,xkA
tks fxjdj mBrs gSa]
ogh Å¡pkb;ksa dks Nwrs gSaA
la?k"kZ dh bl jkg esa]
gj dfBukÃ ls lh[kus dk volj gSA
;g la?k"kZ gh rqEgkjh thr dh jkg cuk,xk]
D;ksafd lQyrk mUgÈ dks feyrh gS
tks dHkh gkj ekuus ls budkj djrs gSaA
vkvks] bl la?k"kZ dks Lohdkjks]
vkSj gj ckèkk dks ikj djrs gq,
viuh eafty rd igq¡pksA
&jkeèkkjh Çlg fnudj
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. lQyrk
ii. la?k"kZ
iii. pqukSfr;k¡
iv. fot;
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa la?k"kZ ds fdu igyqvksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
I. la?k"kZ ls O;fä etcwr gksrk gSA
II. fxjdj mBus okyk gh Å¡pkÃ Nwrk gSA
III. gj dfBukÃ ls lh[kus dk volj feyrk gSA
IV. lQyrk mUgÈ dks feyrh gS tks dHkh gkj ugÈ ekursA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % la?k"kZ djus ls O;fä lQyrk çkIr djrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd gj dfBukÃ O;fä dks lkglh vkSj etcwr cukrh gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa la?k"kZ dk D;k egRo crk;k x;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou esa pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk dSls djus dh lykg nh gS\

¼d½ ?kj esa irksgw jks jgh gS ftls xk¡o dh fL=;k¡ pqi djkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh gSaA ¼ljy okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼[k½ gkynkj lkgc Hkkoqd gS tks bruh&lh ckr ij mudh vk¡[ksa Hkj vkbZA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ tc mUgksaus uÃ rduhd [kksth] rc mUgksaus lH;rk dks vkxs c<+k;kA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj
mldk Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ vius mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc dk tUeLFkku Hkh Mqejk¡o gSA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ mUgksaus nksuksa [khjksa ds flj dkVs vkSj mUgsa xksndj >kx fudkykA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk
Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ og viuh NksVh&lh nqdku esa miyC/k fxus&pqqus Ýsekssa esa ls usrkth dh ewfrZ ij fQV dj nsrk gSA
¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ Hkkjrh; lekt dk fp=.k lwjnkl }kjk fd;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ [kk¡ lkgc us 'kgukÃ dks u, vk;ke fn,A ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ laL—fr }kjk dY;k.kdkjh dk;Z fd, tkrs gSaA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k dk dsanz fcanq deZ gksrk gS\
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh laxhr&lk/kuk dk pje mRd"kZ ml fnu ns[kk x;k tc mudk csVk ejkA
¼[k½ okg! HkbZ [kwc! D;k vkbfM;k gS A
¼x½ muds vCcktku Hkh ;gÈ M~;ks<+h ij 'kgukÃ ctkrs jgrs gSaA
¼?k½ ;g esjh det+ksjh gS] tks vkt Hkh eq>ls tqM+h gqÃ gSA
¼³½ [khjs dh lqxaèk vkSj Lokn dh dYiuk ls isV Hkj tkus dk Mdkj vk ldrk gSA
¼d½ fcLofcfnr {kf=; dqy æksghA
¼[k½ eqj>kdj fxj jgÈ ifÙk;k¡] ns[kks fdruh vkt ?kuhA
¼x½ rqEgkjh narqfjr eqLdku] eq>s yxrh cM+h gh NfoekuA
¼?k½ guqeku dh iw¡N esa] yx u ik;h vkxA
¼³½ ik;ks th eSaus jke jru èku ik;ksA
[kaM&x 30
vkx ds vkfo"dkj esa dnkfpr isV dh Tokyk dh çsj.kk ,d dkj.k jghA lqÃ&èkkxs ds vkfo"dkj esa
'kk;n 'khrks".k ls cpus rFkk 'kjhj dks ltkus dh ço`fÙk dk fo'ks"k gkFk jgkA vc dYiuk dhft, ml
vkneh dh ftldk isV Hkjk gS] ftldk ru <¡dk gS] ysfdu tc og [kqys vkdk'k ds uhps lks;k gqvk
jkr dks txexkrs rkjksa dks ns[krk gS] rks mldks dsoy blfy, uÈn ugÈ vkrh D;ksafd og ;g tkuus
ds fy, ijs'kku gS fd vkf[kj ;g eksrh Hkjk Fkky D;k gS\ isV Hkjus vkSj ru <¡dus dh bPNk euq";
dh laL—fr dh tuuh ugÈ gSA isV Hkjk vkSj ru <¡dk gksus ij Hkh ,slk ekuo tks okLro esa laL—r
gS] fuBYyk ugÈ cSB ldrkA gekjh lH;rk dk ,d cM+k va'k gesa ,sls laL—r vknfe;ksa ls gh feyk gS]
ftudh psruk ij LFkwy HkkSfrd dkj.kksa dk çHkko çèkku jgk gS] Çdrq mldk dqN fgLlk gesa euhf"k;ksa
ls Hkh feyk gS ftUgksaus rF;&fo'ks"k dks fdlh HkkSfrd çsj.kk ds o'khHkwr gksdj ugÈ] cfYd muds vius
vanj dh lgt laL—fr ds dkj.k çkIr fd;k gSA jkr ds rkjksa dks ns[kdj u lks ldus okyk euh"kh
gekjs vkt ds Kku dk ,slk gh çFke iqjLdrkZ FkkA
¼d½ vkx ds vkfo"dkj dk çeq[k dkj.k D;k Fkk\
I. isV dh Tokyk
II. 'kjhj dks ltkus dh ço`fÙk
III. 'khrks".k ls cpus dh ço`fÙk
IV. lH;rk dk fodkl
fodYi%
ii. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : lqÃ&èkkxs ds vkfo"dkj dk eq[; dkj.k 'kjhj dks ltkuk FkkA
dkj.k (R) : ekuo dh ço`fÙk 'khrks".k ls cpus vkSj 'kjhj dks ltkus dh jgh gSA
fodYi%
¼x½ fdl dkj.k ls euq"; dks laL—fr dk tud dgk x;k gS\
i. isV Hkjus vkSj ru <¡dus ds ckn Hkh og Kku dh [kkst esa yxk jgrk gSA
ii. og LFkwy HkkSfrd dkj.kksa ls çsfjr gksrk gSA
iii. og euhf"k;ksa ls Kku çkIr djrk gSA
iv. mlus lH;rk dk fodkl fd;k gSA
¼?k½ ekuo lH;rk ds fodkl dk ,d cM+k va'k fdlls feyk gS\
i. laL—r vknfe;ksa ls
ii. euhf"k;ksa ls
iii. HkkSfrd dkj.kksa ls çsfjr O;fDr;ksa ls
iv. isV Hkjus vkSj ru <¡dus dh ço`fÙk ls
I. ekuo dh laL—fr vkSj lH;rk dk fodkl
II. HkkSfrd dkj.kksa ls çsfjr ekuo dh ço`fÙk
III. euhf"k;ksa dk ;ksxnku
IV. laL—fr vkSj lH;rk ds euh"kh
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ iku okys ds g¡lksM+ LoHkko ds lkFk&lkFk mlds ân; esa laosnuk Hkh gSA dSls\ Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr }kjk iq= dk nkg&laLdkj irksgw ls djkus rFkk foèkok cgw dh nwljh 'kknh jpkus
ds funsZ'k esa mudh fdl fopkjèkkjk dk ifjp; feyrk gS\
¼x½ ^y[kuoh vankt+* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd ys[kd us [khjk [kkus ls euk D;ksa fd;k\
¼?k½ HkaMkjh th ds fe= dh fdl ckr ij ysf[kdk ds firkth vkx&ccwyk gks x,\ ^,d dgkuh ;g
Hkh* ikB ds vkèkkj ij crkb,A
;g rkS ^lwj* fruÇg yS lkSaikS] ftuds eu pdjhA
¼d½ *gekjSa gfj gkfjy dh ydjh* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. gfj ds çfr xgjs çse dh vksj
ii. gfj ds fojDr gksus dh vksj
iii. gfj ds leiZ.k dh vksj
iv. gfj ds nq[kksa dh vksj
¼[k½ *txr lksor LoIu fnol&fufl] dkUg&dkUg td jh* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. dfo ds xgjs çse dh vksj
II. dkUgk ds çfr leiZ.k dh vksj
III. dkUgk ds lkfuè; dh pkg dh vksj
IV. dkUgk ls nwj gksus dh ihM+k dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo dk eu gfj ds çse ls papy gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dk eu gfj ds fcuk ,d txg fLFkj ugÈ jg ldrk gSA
¼?k½ *lq rkS C;kfèk gedkSa yS vk,* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
i. 'kkjhfjd d"V dh vksj
ii. ekufld ihM+k dh vksj
iii. vkè;kfRed jksx dh vksj
iv. çse esa vlQyrk dh vksj
¼³½ *ftuds eu pdjh* iafDr esa *pdjh* fdldk çrhd gS\
I. papy eu dk
II. vfuf'pr eu dk
III. Lusg dk
IV. leiZ.k dk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^mRlkg* dfork esa dkSu fody vkSj mUeu Fks vkSj D;ksa\
¼[k½ ^vkRedF;* dfork eas dfo us Loa; dks ^Fkdk ifFkd* D;ksa dgk gSa\
¼x½ dfo ukxktqZu ds vuqlkj Qly dk mRiknu fdu&fdu rRoksa ds la;ksx ij fuHkZj gksrk gS\ Li"V
dhft,A
¼?k½ ^/kuq"k dks rksMu+ s okyk rqEgkjk dksbZ nkl gksxk* jke us ,slk D;ksa dgk\ blls mudh fdu pkfjf=d
fo'ks"krkvksa dk irk pyrk gS\
¼d½ ewlu frokjh dkSu Fkk\ mls fdlus fp<+k;k vkSj naM fdls feyk\
¼[k½ xSaxV‚d 'kgj dh çk—frd lqanjrk o lkekftd thou dk ysf[kdk us dSlk –'; çLrqr fd;k gS\
^lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB ds vkèkkj ij vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
¼x½ êSa D;kas fy[krk gw¡\* fuca/k ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k, fd oSpkfjd erHksnksa dks Hkqykdj nks leqnk;ksa esa
,d&nwljs ds Áfr vknj dh Hkkouk dSls c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA

¼d½ foKkiu
ladsr fcUnq %
•• foKkiu dk vFkZ
•• vko';drk
•• lko/kkuh
¼[k½ gekjs ns'k ij iM+rk fons'kh ÁHkko
ladsr fcUnq %
•• Hkkjrh; laLd`fr
•• fons'kh izHkko
•• ;qok oxZ ij izHkko
¼x½ [ksyksa dk thou esa egÙo
ladsr fcUnq %
•• [ksyksa dk egÙo
•• 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld cy
•• thou esa mi;ksxh
13. ¼d½ ;krk;kr fu;eksa dk mYya?ku djus okyksa ds fo:) dM+h dk;Zokgh djus rFkk nks vU; lq>ko
nsrs gq, ;krk;kr iqfyl vk;qDr dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ ^LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku* ds rgr vki vius dqN fe=ksa ds lg;ksx ls vius
eqgYys dks lkQ&lqFkjk j[kus dk vfHk;ku pyk jgs gSaA ftlesa NksVh&eksVh ck/kkvksa
ds ckn vkidks lQkbZ ds Áfr yksxksa dks tkx:d djus esa lQyrk Hkh fey jgh gSA vius
dk;ksZa dk fooj.k nsrs gq, fe= dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ t;iqj fLFkr ^lgsyh* laLFkk dks ?kj&?kj tkdj vk¡dM+s ,df=r djus ds fy, lgk;dksa dh
vko';drk gSA laLFkk ds v/;{k dks vkosnu&i= izsf"kr djus gsrq LOko`Rr rS;kj dhft,A
¼yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa½ 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ xzh"ekodk'k esa fo|ky; esa ukV~;&izf'k{k.k f'kfoj vk;ksftr djus dk vuqjks/k djrs gq,
iz/kkukpk;Z dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ ckyksa esa yxkus ds fy, fdlh daiuh us ,d vk;qosZfnd rsy dk mRiknu fd;k gSA blds
fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d vkd"kZd foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkids pkpk vius u, ?kj esa izos'k djus tk jgs gSaA mUgsa yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d
c/kkbZ&lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 19
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku Hkkjr ljdkj dh ,d çeq[k igy gS] ftls 2 vDVwcj 2014 dks egkRek xkaèkh
dh 150oÈ t;arh ds miy{; esa 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA bl vfHk;ku dk mís'; iwjs ns'k esa LoPNrk dks
c<+kok nsuk vkSj Hkkjr dks LoPN cukus ds egkRek xkaèkh ds lius dks lkdkj djuk gSA ;g vfHk;ku
'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k nksuksa {ks=ksa esa lQkÃ] 'kkSpky; fuekZ.k] vkSj dpjk çcaèku ij fo'ks"k tksj nsrk gSA
LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds rgr ljdkj us iwjs ns'k esa [kqys esa 'kkSp ls eqfä ¼ODF½ dk y{; j[kk gS]
rkfd gj ?kj esa 'kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk gks vkSj yksx LoPNrk dks viuh fnup;kZ dk fgLlk cuk ldsaA
LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds varxZr tkx:drk vfHk;ku Hkh pyk, x,] ftlesa yksxksa dks LoPNrk ds
egRo ds ckjs esa crk;k x;kA bldk eq[; mís'; ukxfjdksa dks LoPNrk ds çfr tkx:d djuk vkSj
lekt ds gj oxZ dks bl eqfge ls tksM+uk gSA bl vfHk;ku ds rgr lkoZtfud LFkkuksa] Ldwyksa] jsyos
LVs'kuksa vkSj vLirkyksa tSlh txgksa ij fo'ks"k lQkÃ vfHk;ku pyk, x,A ljdkjh vkSj futh laxBuksa
us Hkh bl vfHk;ku esa Hkkx fy;k] ftlls ;g ,d tu vkanksyu cu x;kA LoPNrk ls u dsoy yksxksa
ds LokLF; esa lqèkkj gqvk gS] cfYd i;kZoj.k ij Hkh ldkjkRed çHkko iM+k gSA blds vfrfjä] LoPN
Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds rgr dpjk çcaèku vkSj iqupZØ.k ¼fjlkbÇDyx½ dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gS] rkfd
dpjs dk lgh fuiVku gks lds vkSj çnw"k.k dks de fd;k tk ldsA
dFku ¼A½ % LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk mís'; ns'k dks LoPN cukuk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % ;g vfHk;ku ukxfjdksa dks LoPNrk ds çfr tkx:d djrk gSA
¼[k½ LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds ykHk D;k gSa–
I- blls LokLF; esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA
II- blls i;kZoj.k ij ldkjkRed çHkko iM+k gSA
III- ;g dsoy 'kgjh {ks=ksa ds fy, ykxw gSA
IV- blls [kqys esa 'kkSp dh leL;k dks [kRe djus esa enn feyh gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dh 'kq#vkr 1- 2 vDVwcj 2014
II [kqys esa 'kkSp ls eqfä ¼ODF½ dk y{; 2- 'kkSpky; fuekZ.k dks c<+kok nsuk
III LoPNrk vfHk;ku ds rgr tkx:drk vfHk;ku 3- ukxfjdksa dks LoPNrk ds çfr tkx:d djuk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds rgr ljdkj us dkSu&dkSu ls dne mBk, gSa\
¼³½ LoPNrk ls LokLF; vkSj i;kZoj.k ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\

gj lqcg ,d uÃ vk'kk dk lapkj djrh gS]
gj fnu thou dks thus dk ,d u;k ekSdk nsrh gSA
lwjt dh fdj.kksa esa tks'k gS]
vkSj gok esa rktxh dk lans'kA
gj Qwy dh egd crkrh gS]
fd thou esa lqxaèk Hkjuh gSA
isM+ksa dh 'kk[kk,¡ >wedj dgrh gSa]

fd gj ifjfLFkfr esa gesa èkS;Z j[kuk pkfg,A
unh dk cgko fl[kkrk gS]
fd #duk ugÈ] vkxs c<+rs jguk gSA
;g ç—fr] ;g thou]
nksuksa gesa la?k"kZ ds lkFk vkxs c<+us dh çsj.kk nsrs gSaA
thou dh gj lqcg gesa u, voljksa dk Lokxr djus dk lans'k nsrh gSA
vkvks] vkt bl uÃ lqcg dks
uÃ mEehnksa vkSj liuksa ls Hkj nsaA
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ckr dk çeq[k lans'k fn;k x;k gS\
i. la?k"kZ
ii. thou
iii. uÃ lqcg
iv. ç—fr
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa ç—fr ds fdu lans'kksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
I. lwjt dh fdj.kksa esa tks'k gSA
II. isM+ èkS;Z fl[kkrs gSaA
III. Qwyksa dh egd ls lqxaèk Hkjus dh çsj.kk feyrh gSA
IV. unh dk cgko #dus dh lh[k nsrk gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % thou gesa gj ifjfLFkfr esa èkS;Z j[kus dh lh[k nsrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd isM+ksa dh 'kk[kk,¡ gesa fLFkj jgus vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus dk lans'k nsrh
gSaA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa thou vkSj ç—fr ds chp fdl lacaèk dks dof;=h us crk;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa uÃ lqcg dk D;k egRo crk;k x;k gS\

¼d½ xq#nso vkjke dqlhZ ij ysVs gq, Fks vkSj izkd`frd lkSan;Z dk vkuan ys jgs FksA ¼ljy okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼[k½ iRFkj dh ewfrZ ij p'ek vlyh FkkA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ge ;g tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd vkx dh [kkst dSls gqÃA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh
fyf[k,½
¼?k½ jhM] ujdV ¼,d izdkj dh ?kkl½ ls cukbZ tkrh gS vkSj og Mqejk¡o esa eq[;r% lksu unh ds fdukjksa
ij ikbZ tkrh gSA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ uokc lkgc us [khjs dh rS;kjh dh vkSj Fkddj ysV x,A ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr us irksgw dks mRlo eukus dks dgkA ¼deZokP; esa cnysa½
¼[k½ firkth }kjk gekjh ek¡ dks ges'kk ftEesnkfj;ksa esa nck;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ [kk¡ lkgc us eqgjZe ds fnuksa esa 'kgukÃ ugÈ ctkÃA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ dSIVu }kjk p'ek cny fn;k tkrk gSA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k dk dsanz fcanq Lo;a fØ;k dk Hkko gksrk gS\
¼d½ ^Hkxr us viuh irksgw dks mlds HkkbZ ds lkFk fonk fd;kA
¼[k½ mls oSls gh Ýse dh njdkj gksrh gSA
¼x½ vLlh cjl ls fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc lqj ek¡x jgs gSaA
¼?k½ ge lc HkkÃ&cguksa ds lkFk jgrh FkÈ gekjh csi<+h&fy[kh O;fDrRofoghu ek¡A
¼³½ Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA
¼d½ pgr mM+kou Qw¡fd igk:A
¼[k½ çsj.kk lkFk NksM+rh gqÃ mRlkg vLr gksrk gqvkA
¼x½ lqj efglqj gfjtu v# xkÃA
¼?k½ Nw x;k rqels fd >jus yx iM+s 'ksQkfydk ds QwyA
¼³½ bruk jks;k Fkk eSa ml fnu] rky&ryS;k lc Hkj Mkys
[kaM&x 30
uokc lkgc us lr`".k vk¡[kksa ls ued&fepZ ds la;ksx ls pedrh [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dh vksj ns[kkA f[kM+dh
ds ckgj ns[kdj nh?kZ fu%Üokl fy;kA [khjs dh ,d Qk¡d mBkdj gksaBksa rd ys x,A Qk¡d dks lw¡?kkA
Lokn ds vkuan esa iydsa eq¡n xb±A eq¡g esa Hkj vk, ikuh dk ?kw¡V xys ls mrj x;kA rc uokc lkgc us
Qk¡d dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj NksM+ fn;kA uokc lkgc [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks ukd ds ikl ys tkdj] okluk
ls jlkLoknu dj f[kM+dh ds ckgj Qsadrs x,A uokc lkgc us [khjs dh lc Qk¡dksa dks f[kM+dh ds ckgj
Qsaddj rkSfy;s ls gkFk&gksaB iksaN fy, vkSj xoZ ls xqykch vk¡[kksa ls gekjh vksj ns[k fy;k] ekuks dg
jgs gksa& ;g gS [kkunkuh jÃlksa dk rjhdkA
¼d½ uokc lkgc [khjs dh Qk¡dksa ds lkFk D;k dj jgs Fks\
I. [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks [kkdj mudk vkuan ys jgs FksA
II. [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks lw¡?k jgs Fks vkSj fQj f[kM+dh ls ckgj Qsad jgs FksA
III. [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks dkVdj rkSfy;s ij ltk jgs FksA
IV. [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks lkfFk;ksa dks ns jgs FksA
fodYi%
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : uokc lkgc [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks [kk ugÈ jgs FksA
dkj.k (R) : uokc lkgc [khjs ds jlkLoknu esa #fp ugÈ j[krs FksA
fodYi%
¼x½ uokc lkgc us [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks fdl çdkj ls Qsadk\
i. jlkLoknu djus ds ckn f[kM+dh ls ckgj QsadkA
ii. fcuk lw¡?ks f[kM+dh ls ckgj QsadkA
iii. lkFkh dks nsrs gq, QsadkA
iv. [kkdj QsadkA
¼?k½ uokc lkgc dk O;ogkj fdl Hkkouk dks n'kkZrk gS\

i. vlarks"k
ii. xoZ vkSj okluk
iii. [kq'kh
iv. vieku
I. [kkunkuh jÃlksa dk rjhdk
II. uokc lkgc dk jlkLoknu dk rjhdk
III. [khjs dk okLrfod Lokn
IV. uokc lkgc dh oSHko'kkyh thou'kSyh
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ gkynkj lkgc us Mªkboj dks igys pkSjkgs ij xkM+h jksdus ds fy, euk fd;k Fkk ysfdu ckn esa
rqjar jksdus dks D;ksa dgk\
¼[k½ eUuw HkaMkjh dh lcls cM+h nqcZyrk D;k Fkh vkSj muds fl)kar D;k Fks\
¼x½ laLÑr fo|kFkhZ gksus ds fy, D;k vko';d gSa\
¼?k½ yM+ds ds nsgkar ds ckn ckyxksfcu Hkxr us irksgw dks fdl ckr ds fy, ckè; fd;k\ mudk ;g
O;ogkj muds fdl çdkj ds fopkj dk çek.k gS\
vV ugÈ jgh gS
vkHkk Qkxqu dh ru
lV ugÈ jgh gSA
dgÈ lk¡l ysrs gks]
?kj&?kj Hkj nsrs gks]
mM+us dks uHk esa rqe
ij&ij dj nsrs gks]
vk¡[k gVkrk gw¡ rks
gV ugÈ jgh gSA
iÙkksa ls ynh Mky
dgÈ gjh] dgÈ yky]
dgÈ iM+h gS mj esa
ean&xaèk&iq"i&eky]
ikV&ikV 'kksHkk&Jh
iV ugÈ jgh gSA
¼d½ *vV ugÈ jgh gS vkHkk Qkxqu dh ru* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. Qkxqu ds lkSan;Z dh vn~Hkqrrk
ii. Qkxqu ds vkxeu dh çrh{kk
iii. Qkxqu dh vfLFkjrk
iv. Qkxqu ds fojDr Lo:i dh
¼[k½ *dgÈ lk¡l ysrs gks] ?kj&?kj Hkj nsrs gks* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. olar _rq dh gokvksa dh vksj
II. fdlh fç;tu dh mifLFkfr dh vksj
III. lekt esa çse dk çlkj
IV. ?kj&?kj QSys thou dh [kq'kcw dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : Qkxqu dk lkSan;Z dfo ds eu esa clk gSA
dkj.k (R) : Qkxqu dh 'kksHkk bruh c<+h gS fd dfo dh vk¡[kksa ls gV ugÈ jgh gSA
¼?k½ *iÙkksa ls ynh Mky] dgÈ gjh] dgÈ yky* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. olar _rq ds lkSan;Z dh vksj
ii. ir>M+ ds ckn dh cgkj dh vksj
iii. thou ds fofoèk :iksa dh vksj
iv. ç—fr ds jax&fcjaxs –'; dh vksj
¼³½ *iV ugÈ jgh gS* iafDr esa dfo fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. Qkxqu ds lkSan;Z dh vn~Hkqrrk
II. thou dh vfuf'prrk
III. lkSan;Z dh vfr'k;rk
IV. ç—fr dh fofoèkrk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^vc xq# xzaFk i<+k,* dgdj xksfi;ksa us fdl ij O;aX; fd;k gSa\
¼[k½ ij'kqjke us lHkk ls fdl dk;Z dk nks"k mUgsa u nsus ds fy, dgk\
¼x½ ^rqe lqudj lq[k ikvksxs] ns[kksxs ;g xkxj jhfr* iafDr dk vk'k; ^vkRedF;* dfork ds vk/kkj
ij Li"V dhft,A
¼?k½ orZeku thou 'kSyh feÍh ds xq.k&/keZ dks fdl Ádkj ÁHkkfor djrh gS\ ^Qly* dfork ds vk/kkj
ij le>kb,A
¼d½ êkrk dk vapy* ikB esa oÆ.kr cky&eaMyh dh fØ;k,¡ yksxksa ds fy, rek'kk] migklkLin rFkk
vkifÙktud ckrsa dSls cu tkrh FkÈ\ la{ksi esa mudh ,slh fØ;kvksa ds fo"k; esa vius rdZiw.kZ
fopkj çLrqr dhft,A
¼[k½ ^lkuk&lkuk* gkFk tksfM+---]* ikB esa iznw"k.k ds dkj.k LuksQkWy dh deh dk ftØ fd;k x;k gSA
iznw"k.k ds dkj.k vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls nq"ifj.kke lkeus vk, gSa\
¼x½ jpukdkj ds fy, vuqHkwfr ds vfrfjDr ckgjh ncko Hkh fy[kus ds dkj.k curs gSaA êSa D;ksa fy[krk
gw¡*\ ikB ds ys[kd ij dkSu&dkSu ls ncko Fks\

¼d½ ukjh vkSj ukSdjh

ladsr fcUnq %
•• nksxquk dk;Z
•• ?kj vkSj ckgj esa larqyu
•• O;fDrRo fuekZ.k esa lgk;d dk;Z
¼[k½ Xykscy okfeZax
ladsr fcUnq %
•• /kjrh ij c<+rk rkieku
•• cnyrk ekSle
•• leL;k ds dkj.k
•• lek/kku
¼x½ ijh{kk ls igys esjh euksn'kk

ladsr fcUnq %
•• ijh{kk uke ls Hk;
•• i;kZIr rS;kjh
•• iz'ui= ns[kdj Hk; nwj gqvk
13. ¼d½ iqLrdky; esa fganh ds Áfl) ys[kdksa dh iqLrdsa e¡xokus ds fy, Ákpk;Z dks yxHkx 100
'kCnksa esa ,d ÁkFkZuk&i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vius lsokfuo`r iwoZ Á/kkuk/;kid dks mudh miyfC/k;ksa dh ljkguk djrs gq, yxHkx 100
'kCnksa esa /kU;okn Kkiu dk i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vki lq'khy xqIrk@lq'khyk xqIrk gSa vkius Lukrd Lrj rd v/;;u fd;k gS rFkk vki
¼lq'khyk xqIrk½ ,d lekt lsfodk ds :i eas dk;Z dj jgh gSaA HkkLdj esa vk¡xuckM+h essa
lgkf;dk gsrq foKkiu izdkf'kr gqvk gSA bl in ij fu;qfDr ikus gsrq yxHkx 80 'kCnksa
esa ,d Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkidks viuh cgu ds fookg esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, 3 fnu ds vodk'k dh vko';drk
gSA blds fy, iz/kkukpk;Z dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZesy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ vkids uxj esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh Hkkjr dh lkaLÑfrd ,drk izn'kZuh dks ns[kus ds fy, yksxksa
dks vkeaf=r djrs gq, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d vkd"kZd foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1 # 4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ f'k{kd fnol ds volj ij vius fganh f'k{kd ds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d lans'k
fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 20
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

uÃ f'k{kk uhfr&2020 Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk f'k{kk {ks= esa lqèkkj ykus ds mís'; ls ykÃ xÃ gSA bl uhfr
dk mís'; f'k{kk ç.kkyh dks vkèkqfud vkSj l'kä cukuk gS] ftlls Nk=ksa dks vfèkd fodYi] yphykiu]
vkSj O;kogkfjd Kku çkIr gks ldsA ;g uhfr Ldwy f'k{kk ls ysdj mPp f'k{kk rd esa O;kid cnyko
ykrh gSA uÃ f'k{kk uhfr ds rgr] 5$3$3$4 dk u;k 'kS{kf.kd <k¡pk ykxw fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa ik¡p
lky dk QkmaMs'kuy LVst] rhu lky dk fçijsVjh LVst] rhu lky dk feMy LVst] vkSj pkj lky
dk lsdsaMjh LVst 'kkfey gSA bl uhfr dk mís'; Nk=ksa ds lexz fodkl vkSj dkS'ky vkèkkfjr f'k{kk
ij tksj nsuk gSA
uÃ f'k{kk uhfr ds rgr mPp f'k{kk esa Hkh cM+s cnyko fd, x, gSaA vc Nk=ksa dks eYVh&fMflfIyujh
f'k{kk dk fodYi feysxk] ftlls os viuh #fp ds vuqlkj fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dks pqu ldrs gSaA blds
vykok] pkj o"kÊ; Lukrd fMxzh dk çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa 'kksèk vkSj vuqlaèkku ij fo'ks"k tksj
fn;k x;k gSA blds vykok] v‚uykbu f'k{kk vkSj fMftVy yÉux dks Hkh çksRlkgu fn;k tk jgk gS]
rkfd nwjnjkt ds {ks=ksa esa Hkh Nk=ksa dks mPp xq.koÙkk dh f'k{kk çkIr gks ldsA
uÃ f'k{kk uhfr dk mís'; 21oÈ lnh dh vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj f'k{kk ç.kkyh dks iquxZfBr
djuk gSA ;g uhfr dkS'ky fodkl] jkstxkjksUeq[k f'k{kk] vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ij
fo'ks"k è;ku nsrh gSA blds rgr ekr`Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk çnku djus ij Hkh tksj fn;k x;k gS] rkfd Nk=ksa
dh cqfu;knh le> etcwr gks ldsA dqy feykdj] ;g uhfr f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr dks oSf'od Lrj
ij çfrLièkÊ cukus dh fn'kk esa ,d cM+k dne gSA
dFku ¼A½ % uÃ f'k{kk uhfr dk mís'; Nk=ksa ds lexz fodkl dks c<+kok nsuk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % uÃ f'k{kk uhfr esa 5$3$3$4 dk u;k 'kS{kf.kd <k¡pk ykxw fd;k x;k gSA
¼[k½ uÃ f'k{kk uhfr ds ykHk D;k gSa–
I- dkS'ky fodkl ij tksj
II- eYVh&fMflfIyujh f'k{kk dk çkoèkku
III- Nk=ksa ds lexz fodkl ij è;ku
IV- dsoy ikjaifjd fo"k;ksa ij è;ku nsuk
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I uÃ f'k{kk uhfr dk mís'; 1- f'k{kk dks vfèkd O;kogkfjd cukuk
II ekr`Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk dk egÙo 2- Nk=ksa dh cqfu;knh le> dks etcwr djuk
III eYVh&fMflfIyujh f'k{kk dk ykHk 3- Nk=ksa dks fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ds p;u dh Lora=rk nsuk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ uÃ f'k{kk uhfr ds rgr Ldwy vkSj mPp f'k{kk esa dkSu&dkSu ls çeq[k cnyko fd, x, gSa\
¼³½ uÃ f'k{kk uhfr dk mís'; 21oÈ lnh dh f'k{kk ç.kkyh ds fy, D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gS\

thou dh jkg esa gj fnu u;k gS]
liuksa dh mM+ku esa gj iy u;k gSA
vk'kkvksa ds nhi tykvks]
gj vaèkdkj dks feVkvksA
gj dne ,d uÃ fn'kk fn[kk,xk]
gj dfBukÃ ,d u;k vuqHko fl[kk,xhA
;g thou gesa fgEer vkSj lkgl nsrk gS]

tks gj ckèkk dks ikj dj tkrk gSA
liuksa ds ihNs Hkkxks]
jkLrs [kqn curs tk,¡xsA
vkvks feydj ladYi ysa]
fd ge dHkh gkj ugÈ ekusaxsA
thou esa tks [kks x;k]
mls ihNs NksM+] vkxs c<+rs jgksA
;g la?k"kZ gh rqEgkjh igpku cusxk]
vkSj lQyrk rqEgkjk bukeA
gj lqcg ,d uÃ mEehn ysdj vkrh gS]
vkSj gj jkr gesa dy dh rS;kjh fl[kkrh gSA
&egknsoh oekZ
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa thou dh fdl fo'ks"krk ij tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. dfBukÃ
ii. la?k"kZ
iii. vk'kk
iv. lQyrk
I. thou esa gj fnu u;k volj gksrk gSA
II. thou gesa lkgl vkSj fgEer nsrk gSA
III. la?k"kZ gh lQyrk dh dqath gSA
IV. vk'kkvksa ds nhi tykus pkfg,A
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % thou esa la?k"kZ gesa igpku fnykrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd la?k"kZ ds fcuk lQyrk çkIr ugÈ gksrh gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dof;=h us la?k"kZ dk D;k egRo crk;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa thou dh dfBukb;ksa dks dSls laHkkyus dh lykg nh xÃ gS\

¼d½ tc 'kke gksrh] rc lwjt èkhjs&èkhjs igkM+ksa ds ihNs fNi tkrkA
¼[k½ ebZ eghus esa 'khyk vxzoky dks dkWyst okyksa us uksfVl Fkek fn;kA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ lHkh ;g ekurs gSa fd lqÃ&èkkxs dk vkfo"dkj ,d cM+k dne FkkA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj
¼?k½ dk'kh esa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d izkphu ,oa vn~Hkqr ijaijk gSA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ muls cFkZ ij lqfo/kk ls cSBk ugha tk jgk FkkA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ xhrkckyh vkSj lqykspuk dks T;knk ;kn djrs gSaA ¼deZokP; eas cnfy,½
¼[k½ xk¡o okyksa }kjk ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk laxhr lquk x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnysa½
¼x½ lq'khyk us eSfVªd dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dhA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ gkynkj lkgc us ewÆr dks ns[kdj eqLdku fn[kkÃA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ ldeZd vkSj vdeZd nksuksa izdkj dh fØ;kvksa dk iz;ksx fdl okP; esa gksrk gS\
¼d½ vius mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc gSaA mudk tUe&LFkku Hkh Mqejk¡o gh gSA ;gk¡ ujdV ikbZ tkrh
gSA
¼[k½ pijklh dks gqDe gqvk vkSj dejs ds lc njo+kts can dj fn, x,A
¼x½ xkM+h NwV jgh FkhA
¼?k½ xk¡o ds muds dqN çseh Hkh tqV tkrsA
¼³½ ewÆr dh vk¡[kksa ij dksÃ Hkh] oSlk Hkh p'ek ugÈ FkkA
¼d½ dgha iM+h mj esa] ean&xa/k&iqIi ekyA
¼[k½ tSls mls ;kn fnykrk gks mldk cpiu] tc og ukSflf[k;k FkkA
¼x½ èkuqgh le f=iqjkfjèkuq fcfnr ldy lalkjA
¼?k½ Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi fcuq dhUghA
¼³½ dqlqe&lk g¡lrk gqvk] çk.ksÜojh dk eq[k jgkA
[kaM&x 30
ogh iqjkuk ckykth dk eafnj] tgk¡ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks ukScr[kkus fj;kt ds fy, tkuk iM+rk gSA exj
,d jkLrk gS ckykth eafnj rd tkus dkA ;g jkLrk jlwyuckÃ vkSj crwyuckÃ ds ;gk¡ ls gksdj tkrk
gSA bl jkLrs ls veh#íhu dks tkuk vPNk yxrk gSA bl jkLrs u tkus fdrus rjg ds cksy&cuko dHkh
Bqejh] dHkh BIis] dHkh nknjk ds ekQZr Mîks<+h rd igq¡prs jgrs gSaA jlwyu vkSj crwyu tc xkrh gSa]
rc veh#íhu dks [kq'kh feyrh gSA vius <sjksa lk{kkRdkjksa esa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd
mUgsa vius thou ds vkjafHkd fnuksa esa laxhr ds çfr vklfDr bUgÈ xkf;dk cguksa dks lqudj feyh gSA
¼d½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks fj;kt ds fy, dgk¡ tkuk iM+rk Fkk\
I. jlwyuckÃ vkSj crwyuckÃ ds ?kj
II. ckykth eafnj
III. ukScr[kkuk
IV. laxhr vdkneh
fodYi%
dFku (A) : fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks ckykth eafnj dk jkLrk cgqr fç; FkkA
dkj.k (R) : bl jkLrs ls mUgsa jlwyuckÃ vkSj crwyuckÃ ds xk;u dk vkuan feyrk FkkA
fodYi%
¼x½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks laxhr ds çfr vklfDr fdls lqudj feyh\
i. vius xq# dks lqudj
ii. jlwyuckÃ vkSj crwyuckÃ dks lqudj
iii. ukScr[kkus ds laxhr ls
iv. eafnj ds Hktuksa ls
¼?k½ jlwyuckÃ vkSj crwyuckÃ fdl çdkj dk laxhr xkrh FkÈ\

i. Bqejh vkSj BIis
ii. nknjk vkSj [k;ky
iii. Hktu vkSj xty
iv. Bqejh] BIis vkSj nknjk
I. fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ds laxhr lkèkuk ds çkjafHkd fnu
II. fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh laxhr ;k=k dk çsj.kk lzksr
III. jlwyuckÃ vkSj crwyuckÃ dk laxhr çHkko
IV. ckykth eafnj vkSj ukScr[kkuk dk egRo
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ tc rd gkynkj lkgc us dSIVu dks ugha ns[kk Fkk rc rd muds ekul&iVy ij mldk
dkSu&lk fp= jgk gksxk\ viuh dYiuk ls fyf[k,A
¼[k½ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikB esa ysf[kdk us lkfgfR;d jpukvksa dks i<+rs le; ewY;ksa ds eaFku dk ;qx
D;ksa dgk\
¼x½ gesa viuh lH;rk dk va'k dSls vknfe;ksas ls feyrk gSa\
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu dh iq=oèkw ds pfj= dh fo'ks"krkvksa esa ls nks çeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk laf{kIr mYys[k
dhft,A
dHkh dHkh og ;ksa gh ns nsrk gS mldk lkFk
;g crkus ds fy, fd og vdsyk ugÈ gS
vkSj ;g fd fQj ls xk;k tk ldrk gS
xk;k tk pqdk jkx
vkSj mldh vkokt esa tks ,d fgpd lkQ lqukÃ nsrh gS
;k vius Loj dks Å¡pk u mBkus dh tks dksf'k'k gS
mls foQyrk ugÈ
mldh euq";rk le>k tkuk pkfg,A
¼d½ *dHkh dHkh og ;ksa gh ns nsrk gS mldk lkFk* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. fdlh fe= ds leFkZu dh vksj
ii. fdlh ds laxhr esa lkFk nsus dh vksj
iii. fdlh ds nq[k&lq[k esa lkFk fuHkkus dh vksj
iv. fdlh vutkus O;fDr ds ennxkj cuus dh vksj
¼[k½ *xk;k tk pqdk jkx* iafDr dk D;k vFkZ gS\
I. igys xk, gq, xhr dh iqujko`fÙk
II. laxhr esa u, ç;ksx dh vksj
III. chrs le; dh ckr
IV. xkus dk vlQy ç;kl
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
iii. dFku I vkSj II lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : O;fDr dh vkokt esa fgpd mldh detksjh dks n'kkZrh gSA
dkj.k (R) : vkokt dk Å¡pk u mBkuk vlQyrk dk çrhd gSA
¼?k½ *mls foQyrk ugÈ] mldh euq";rk le>k tkuk pkfg,* iafDr esa dfo fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr dj
jgk gS\
i. euq"; dh detksjh dks Lohdkj djuk
ii. euq"; ds ç;kl dh ljkguk
iii. euq"; dh laosnu'khyrk dks le>uk
iv. euq"; dh vlQyrk dks mldh rkdr le>uk
¼³½ *vius Loj dks Å¡pk u mBkus dh tks dksf'k'k gS* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr gS\
I. vkRefoÜokl dh deh
II. vfHkeku dh deh
III. Hkkoukvksa dks fu;af=r j[kus dh dksf'k'k
IV. lkekftd caèkuksa dk ladsr
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
10. fu/kkZfjr dforkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr pkj Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha rhu Á'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ y{e.k chp esa D;ksa cksy iM+s\ mUgsa ij'kqjke ds dFku ij D;k vkifÙk Fkh\
¼[k½ Le`fr dks îkFks;* cukus ls dfo izlkn dk D;k vk'k; gSa\
¼x½ cknyksa dh xtZuk dk vkg~oku dfo D;ksa djuk pkgrk gS\ ^mRlkg* dfork ds vk/kkj ij Li"V
dhft,A
¼?k½ f'k'kq ds /kwy lus 'kjhj dks ns[kdj dfo dks dSlk izrhr gqvk\
¼d½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB esa ekrk&firk dk cPps ds Áfr tks okRlY; O;Dr gqvk gS] mls vius 'kCnksa
esa fyf[k,A
¼[k½ ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+---* ikB dh ysf[kdk dks dqfV;k ds Hkhrj ?kwers pØ dks ns[kdj fdl Ádkj
dh vuqHkwfr gqbZ\
¼x½ êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ikB ds vk/kkj ij foLrkj ls le>kb, fd ys[kd dks dkSu&lh ckrsa fy[kus
ds fy, Ásfjr djrh gSaA

¼d½ vkt dk ;qx vkSj c<+rh laosnughurk

ladsr fcanq %
•• vk/kqfud ;qx esa oSKkfud vkfo"dkjksa ,oa lapkj lk/kuksa dk thpu ij izHkko
•• lk/kuksa ds iz;ksx dh vf/kdrk
•• vkHkklh nqfu;k ds dkj.k okLrfod nqfu;k ;kuh lxs&lacaf/k;ksa dh mis{kk
•• laosnu'khyrk dh ?kVuk ,oa mnkgj.k
¼[k½ lkaiznk;fd lkSgknZ
ladsr fcanq %
•• lkaiznkf;d lkSgknZ dk egÙo
•• ijLij izse ,oa HkkbZpkjs dk ekgkSy
•• jk"Vªh; ,drk dks c<+kok
•• naxksa esa gksus okys uqdlku ls NqVdkjk
¼x½ ukjh rqe dsoy J)k gks

ladsr fcanq %
•• ^;= uk;ZLrq iwT;Urs] jeUrs r= nsork* dk mYys[k
•• ekrk] iRuh] iq=h ds :i esa ukjh dh Hkwfedk
•• R;kx o eerk ls ifjiw.kZ thou
•• ukjh ds izfr nwf"kr lksp cnyus dk vkg~oku
13. ¼d½ fo|qr vkiwfrZ vf/kdkjh] v-c-l- uxj dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fy[kdj uxj esa
dh tk jgh fctyh dVkSrh ,oa blls gksus okyh ijs'kkfu;ksa dk mYys[k dhft, rFkk blds
Rofjr lek/kku dk vuqjks/k Hkh dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkidh nhnh us ik¡p&Ng o"kZ igys vke ds dqN ikS/ks yxk, Fks rFkk nhnh ds fookg ds mijkar
vkius mudh ns[kHkky dh gSA bu isMk+ as ij bl ckj vke yxs gSAa viuh i;kZoj.k izes h nhnh
dks ;g [kq'k[kcjh nsrs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vkidk uke vfouk'k xqIrk gSA vkius ekdsZfVax esa ,e ch , fd;k gSA ekdsZfVax dEiuh
esa eSustj ds in ij fu;qfDr gsrq viuk ,d Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fo|ky; dk u;k l= vkjaHk gks x;k gS ysfdu cktkj esa vHkh rd vkidh fganh
dh ikB~;iqLrd miyC/k ugha gSA bl lanHkZ esa ,ulhbZvkjVh ds O;kikj izca/kd dks ,d@
bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ pk; foØsrk gsrq vkd"kZd foKkiu yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ ekr`Hkk"kk&fnol ij yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 21
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

cky Je ,d xaHkhj lkekftd leL;k gS] tks cPpksa ds 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld fodkl dks ckfèkr djrh
gSA blds dkj.k cPps f'k{kk ls oafpr jg tkrs gSa] ftlls mudk Hkfo"; vaèkdkje; gks tkrk gSA cky
Je dk eq[; dkj.k xjhch] csjkstxkjh vkSj f'k{kk dh deh gSA Hkkjr esa dÃ xjhc ifjokj vkÆFkd raxh
ds dkj.k vius cPpksa dks dke ij Hkstus ds fy, etcwj gksrs gSa] ftlls os viuh i<+kÃ ugÈ dj ikrsA
blls u dsoy mudk orZeku çHkkfor gksrk gS] cfYd muds Hkfo"; ds volj Hkh lhfer gks tkrs gSaA
Hkkjr ljdkj us cky Je dks jksdus ds fy, dÃ dkuwu vkSj ;kstuk,¡ cukÃ gSaA ^cky Je ¼fu"ksèk
vkSj fofu;eu½ vfèkfu;e* 1986 ds rgr 14 o"kZ ls de mez ds cPpksa ls dke djkuk dkuwuh :i ls
çfrcafèkr gSA blds vykok] *jk"Vªh; cky Je ifj;kstuk* ds ekè;e ls cky Jfedksa dks f'k{kk vkSj
iquokZl dh lqfoèkk nh tkrh gSA
gkykafd] bu ç;klksa ds ckotwn] cky Je dh leL;k vHkh Hkh O;kid :i ls cuh gqÃ gSA bls
lekIr djus ds fy, lkekftd vkSj vkÆFkd lqèkkjksa dh t:jr gSA gj ukxfjd dh ftEesnkjh gS fd
os bl leL;k dks lekIr djus esa lg;ksx djsaA f'k{kk vkSj tkx:drk ds ekè;e ls gh bl leL;k
dk lekèkku laHko gS] rkfd lHkh cPpksa dks ,d mTtoy Hkfo"; fey ldsA
dFku ¼A½ % cky Je cPpksa ds fodkl dks ckfèkr djrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % cky Je cPpksa dks f'k{kk ls oafpr djrk gSA
¼[k½ cky Je ds çeq[k dkj.k D;k gSa –
I- xjhch
II- f'k{kk dh deh
III- csjkstxkjh
IV- ekrk&firk dh f'k{kk çkfIr
fodYi –
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I cky Je vfèkfu;e 1986 1- 14 o"kZ ls de mez ds cPpksa ls dke djkuk çfrcafèkr
II jk"Vªh; cky Je ifj;kstuk 2- cky Jfedksa dks f'k{kk vkSj iquokZl dh lqfoèkk çnku
djuk
III cky Je dk eq[; dkj.k 3- xjhch vkSj f'k{kk dh deh
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ cky Je dks lekIr djus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj us dkSu&dkSu lh ;kstuk,¡ ykxw dh gSa\
¼³½ cky Je dk cPpksa vkSj lekt ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\
vaèkdkj fdruk Hkh ?kuk gks]
çdk'k dh fdj.ksa mls nwj dj nsaxhA
thou esa nq[kksa ds ckny Nk,¡]
rks Hkh vk'kk dh jks'kuh u cq>sA
gj jkr ds ckn lqcg vkrh gS]
vkSj gj rwQku ds ckn lUukVk gksrk gSA
;g lalkj fujarj cnyrk jgrk gS]

tgk¡ ifjorZu gh thou dk lR; gSA
tks èkS;Z j[krs gSa vkSj dfBukb;ksa ls yM+rs gSa]
ogh varr% fot; çkIr djrs gSaA
vk'kk og nhid gS]
tks vaèkdkj esa Hkh tyrk jgrk gSA
;g gesa fl[kkrk gS
fd gesa dHkh gkj ugÈ ekuuh pkfg,A
gj pqukSrh gesa etcwr cukus ds fy, vkrh gS]
vkSj gj la?k"kZ gesa lQyrk dh vksj ys tkrk gSA
vkvks] ge bl vk'kk ds nhi dks
dHkh cq>us u nsaA
&lqfe=kuanu iar
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ckr ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. vaèkdkj
ii. ifjorZu
iii. vk'kk
iv. la?k"kZ
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa vk'kk ds fdu xq.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. vk'kk dh fdj.k vaèkdkj dks nwj djrh gSA
II. vk'kk thou esa dfBukb;ksa dks lekIr djrh gSA
III. vk'kk gesa dHkh gkj ekuus ugÈ nsrhA
IV. vk'kk gesa èkS;Z j[kus dh çsj.kk nsrh gSA
fodYi%
iv. dFku I] II vkSj III lgh gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % ifjorZu thou dk lR; gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd lalkj esa gj fLFkfr vkSj ifjfLFkfr cnyrh jgrh gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us vk'kk dk D;k egRo crk;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa thou ds ifjorZu'khy gksus dk D;k lans'k fn;k x;k gS\

¼d½ usrkth dh vk¡[kksa ij p'ek ugha FkkA ;kuh p'ek rks Fkk ysfdu laxejej dk ugha FkkA ¼ljy
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ L=h&iq:"kksa us feydj vktknh ds fy, yack la?k"kZ fd;kA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ thou dh dqN phtsa gS ftUgsa ge dksf'k'k djds ik ldrs gSaA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk
Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ ifo= ân; okys O;fDr dks dksbZ Hk;Hkhr ugha dj ldrkA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ lQ+j dk oDr dkVus ds fy, gh mUgksaus [khjs [kjhns gksaxsA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn
fyf[k,½
¼d½ oSKkfudksa us u, vkfo"dkj fd,A ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ eUuw }kjk vtesj ds pkSiM+ ij Hkk"k.k fn;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ us ladVekspu eafnj esa 'kgukÃ ctkÃA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ dSIVu us p'ek cny fn;kA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa dsoy ldeZd fØ;k dk iz;ksx gksrk gS\
¼d½ ckykth dk eafnj lcls Åij vkrk gSA
¼[k½ iz/kkukpk;Z us vkidks cqyk;k gSA
¼x½ vktdy iznw"k.k rsth ls QSy jgk gSA
¼?k½ ;g mudk ;'k vkSj çfr"Bk FkkA
¼³½ lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA
¼d½ m"kk lqugys rhj cjlrh] t; y{eh&lh mfnr gqbZA
¼[k½ ijlq fcyksd eghi ekjkA
¼x½ iÙkksa ls ynh Mky] dgÈ gjh] dgÈ ykyA
¼?k½ fim lks dgso lUnslM+k] gs HkkSajk gs dkxA lks èkfu fojgh tfjeqÃ] rsfgd èkqok¡ ge ykxAA
¼³½ rqEgkjh ;g narqfjr eqLdku] e`rd esa Hkh Mky nsxh tkuA
[kaM & x 30
ckyxksfcu Hkxr e¡>ksys dn ds xksjs&fpês vkneh FksA lkB ls Åij ds gh gksaxsA cky id x, FksA yach
nk<+h ;k tVktwV rks ugÈ j[krs Fks] Çdrq ges'kk mudk psgjk lQsn ckyksa ls gh txex fd, jgrkA
diM+s fcydqy de igursA dej esa ,d yaxksVh&ek= vkSj flj esa dchjiafFk;ksa dh&lh duQVh VksihA
tc tkM+k vkrk] ,d dkyh deyh Åij ls vks<+s jgrsA eLrd ij ges'kk pedrk gqvk jkekuanh panu]
tks ukd ds ,d Nksj ls gh] vkSjrksa ds Vhds dh rjg] 'kq: gksrkA xys esa rqylh dh tM+ksa dh ,d csMkSy
ekyk ck¡èks jgrsA Åij dh rlohj ls ;g ugÈ ekuk tk, fd ckyxksfcu Hkxr lkèkq FksA ugÈ] fcydqy
x`gLFk! mudh x`fg.kh dh rks eq>s ;kn ugÈ] muds csVs vkSj irksgw dks rks eSaus ns[kk FkkA FkksM+h [ksrhckjh
Hkh Fkh] ,d vPNk lkQ&lqFkjk edku Hkh FkkA
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds diM+s fdl çdkj ds gksrs Fks\
I. cgqr de diM+s igurs Fks
II. ges'kk lQsn diM+s igurs Fks
III. flj ij dchjiafFk;ksa dh duQVh Vksih gksrh Fkh
IV. xÆe;ksa esa ,d dkyh deyh vks<+s jgrs Fks
fodYi%
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr lkèkq ugÈ FksA
dkj.k (R) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr x`gLFk thou thrs Fks vkSj muds ikl [ksrhckjh vkSj edku Hkh FkkA
fodYi%
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds psgjs dh fo'ks"krk D;k Fkh\
i. yach nk<+h Fkh
ii. lQsn ckyksa ls psgjk txex djrk Fkk
iii. tVktwV j[krs Fks
iv. ges'kk Vksih igus jgrs Fks
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr fdl ekyk dks xys esa ck¡èkrs Fks\
i. #æk{k dh ekyk
ii. panu dh ekyk
iii. rqylh dh tM+ksa dh ekyk
iv. eksfr;ksa dh ekyk
I. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk lkèkq thou
II. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk x`gLFk thou
III. ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds diM+s vkSj O;ogkj
IV. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh èkkÆed vkLFkk
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ gkynkj lkgc ds }kjk dSIVu ds ckjs esa iwNus ij ikuokyk viuh vk¡[ksa D;ksa iksaNus yxk\ ûsrkth
dk p'ek* ikB ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼[k½ uokc lkgc }kjk fd, x, fdl dk;Z ls ys[kd dks ik=] ?kVuk vkfn dh vuqifLFkfr esa dgkuh
fy[kus dh izsj.kk feyh\
¼x½ fdl ckr ls irk pyrk gS fd eUuw HkaMkjh ds firkth csgn dksey vkSj laosnu'khy Fks\
¼?k½ ^laLÑfr* ikB ds vk/kkj ij lqlaLÑr O;fDr fdls dgk tk ldrk gS\ Li"V dhft,A
eu dh eu gh ek¡> jghA
dfg, tkb dkSu iS ÅèkkS] ukgÈ ijr dghA
vofèk vèkkj vkl vkou dh] ru eu fcFkk lghA
vc bu tksx l¡nslfu lqfu&lqfu] fcjfgfu fcjg nghA
pkgfr gqrÈ xqgkfj ftrÇg rSa] mr rSa èkkj cghA
^lwjnkl* vc èkhj èkjÇg D;kSa] ejtknk u yghA
¼d½ *eu dh eu gh ek¡> jgh* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. eu dh 'kkafr dh vksj
ii. eu dh ihM+k dh vksj
iii. eu dh mnklh dh vksj
iv. eu dh r`fIr dh vksj
¼[k½ *vc bu tksx l¡nslfu lqfu&lqfu] fcjfgfu fcjg ngh* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. la;ksx dh çrh{kk
II. çseh ds lans'k dk nq%[k
III. fojg dh ihM+k dk c<+uk
IV. çse esa feyu dh [kq'kh
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo èkS;Z ugÈ j[k ik jgk gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks yxrk gS fd çseh ds lans'k lqu&lqudj vc mldh mEehnsa VwV xÃ gSaA
¼?k½ *pkgfr gqrÈ xqgkfj ftrÇg rSa] mr rSa èkkj cgh* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
i. çseh dks iqdkjus dh bPNk
ii. çse esa vlQyrk dh vksj
iii. çseh ds çfr vudgh ihM+k
iv. çse esa la?k"kZ dh vksj
¼³½ *lwjnkl vc èkhj èkjÇg D;kSa] ejtknk u ygh* iafDr esa *ejtknk* ls dfo fdldk ladsr ns jgk gS\
I. e;kZnk dk ikyu
II. èkS;Z dk VwVuk
III. çseh ds çfr lEeku
IV. lkekftd caèkuksa dk ikyu
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ y{e.k vkSj ij'kqjke ds e/; gq, okn&fookn dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ ^jke&y{e.k&ij'kqjke laokn*
ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼[k½ dfo us cknyksa dh lqanjrk dk c[kku fdl izdkj fd;k gS\ ^mRLkkg* dfork ds vk/kkj ij o.kZu
dhft,A
¼x½ dfo vius thou dh nqcZyrkvksa dks D;ksa ugha crkuk pkgrk Fkk\ ^vkRedF;* dfork ds vk/kkj ij
mÙkj nhft,A
¼?k½ laxrdkj dfork esa xk;d dk lkFk nsus okys laxrdkj ds egRo dks dSls O;ä fd;k x;k gS\
¼d½ HkksykukFk ds vius firkth ds lkFk ?kfu"B laca/k FksA os mlds gj [ksy essa fgLlk ysrs FksA HkksykukFk
dh mlds firk ds lkFk dq'rh ls fdl izdkj dsa laca/kksa dk irk pyrk gS\ D;k bl izdkj ds
laca/k vkt Hkh fo|eku gSa\ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ ;weFkkax tkrs gq, ysf[kdk us vn~Hkqr izkÑfrd lkSan;Z dk vkuan fy;kA ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+*
ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft, fd ysf[kdk dks ;g vuqHko dc gqvk fd thou dk vkuan ;gh
pyk;eku lkSan;Z gS\
¼x½ fgjksf'kek esa foLQksV ihfM+r yksxksa dks ns[kdj ys[kd dk ân; mudh ihM+k ls O;fFkr gks x;k
FkkA êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡*\ ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd fgjksf'kek ij fy[kh dfork var% o cká
nksuksa ncko dk ifj.kke gSA

¼d½ {S>{OQ>b BpÊS>¶m

ladsr fcUnq %
•• {ks=
•• xBca/ku
•• ns'k dk fodklA
¼[k½ xzkeh.k thou vkSj Hkkjr
ladsr fcUnq %
•• xk¡o vkSj 'kgj
•• nksuksa Ádkj ds thou esa Hksn
•• lqfo/kk] vlqfo/kkA
¼x½ Hkkjr esa lw[ks dh leL;k
ladsr fcUnq %
•• lw[ks ds dkj.k
•• ÁHkko
•• cpus ds mik;A
13. ¼d½ xr dqN fnuksa ls vkids {ks= esa vijk/k c<+us yxs gSa ftlls vki fpafrr gSaA bu vijk/kksa
dh jksdFkke ds fy, Fkkuk/;{k dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids NksVs HkkbZ us cksMZ dh ijh{kk esa egÙoiw.kZ LFkku ÁkIr fd;k gSA iqjLdkj esa og
firkth ls ,d eksVj lkbfdy pkgrk gSA mls yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fy[kdj
le>kb, fd o;Ld gksus ls igys okgu pykuk Bhd ugha gSA
14. ¼d½ vki vius vkidks vfuy dqekj ekurs gq, U;wt isij esa vk, foKkiu esa ÁkbosV fyfeVsM
dEiuh esa eSut
s j in ij fu;qfDr gsrq yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1 # 5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ fganh 'kSf{kd Hkze.k ds :i esa bl ckj vkidh d{kk fdlh xk¡o esa ,d lIrkg rd izkS<+
f'k{kk dk dk;ZØe djus dh bPNk j[krh gSA blds fy, vuqefr ek¡xrs gq, iz/kkukpk;Z dks
yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ 'kSaiw cukus okyh daiuh ds ekfyd us foKkiu cukus dks fn;k gSA vkd"kZd foKkiu yxHkx
40 'kCnksa eas rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkidk fe= jkT; dh fØdsV Vhe esa pquk x;k gSA yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d c/kkbZ&lans'k
fyf[k,A
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izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 22
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

lks'ky ehfM;k vkt ds le; esa lcls çHkko'kkyh lapkj ekè;eksa esa ls ,d gSA Qslcqd] fV~oVj]
baLVkxzke] OgkV~l,i] vkSj ;wVîwc tSls IysVQkeZ u dsoy O;fäxr laokn ds fy,] cfYd O;kolkf;d
mís';ksa ds fy, Hkh mi;ksx fd, tk jgs gSaA blds ekè;e ls yksx nqfu;k Hkj dh [kcjsa vkSj tkudkjh
vklkuh ls çkIr dj ldrs gSaA lks'ky ehfM;k us lapkj dks rst+] lqyHk vkSj O;kid cuk fn;k gS]
ftlls yksx dgÈ ls Hkh laokn dj ldrs gSaA ;g IysVQkeZ O;fäxr vkSj lkewfgd nksuksa gh Lrjksa ij
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA
lks'ky ehfM;k ds dÃ Qk;ns gSAa bldk mi;ksx f'k{kk] O;kikj] vkSj lkekftd eqíksa ij tkx:drk
QSykus ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA daifu;k¡ vius mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa dk çpkj&çlkj djus ds fy, lks'ky
ehfM;k dk çHkkoh <ax ls mi;ksx djrh gSAa blds vykok] ;g jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd fopkj&foe'kZ
dk ,d eap Hkh cu x;k gS] tgk¡ yksx viuh jk; lk>k dj ldrs gSa vkSj lekt esa ldkjkRed cnyko
ykus esa Hkkxhnkj cu ldrs gSAa
gkyk¡fd] lks'ky ehfM;k ds nq"çHkko Hkh gSaA bldk vR;fèkd mi;ksx yksxksa ds ekufld LokLF; ij
udkjkRed vlj Mky ldrk gS] tSls ruko vkSj volknA blds lkFk gh] xksiuh;rk dk [krjk Hkh
c<+rk tk jgk gS] D;ksafd dÃ ckj O;fäxr tkudkjh vlqjf{kr jgrh gSA xyr lwpukvksa dk çlkj Hkh
,d cM+h leL;k gS] ftlls lekt esa Hkze vkSj vlqj{kk QSyrh gSA
dFku ¼A½ % lks'ky ehfM;k ,d çHkko'kkyh lapkj ekè;e gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % lks'ky ehfM;k ds ekè;e ls yksx vklkuh ls nqfu;k Hkj dh tkudkjh çkIr dj ldrs gSaA
¼[k½ lks'ky ehfM;k ds çeq[k ykHk D;k gSa–
I- ;g f'k{kk vkSj O;kikj ds fy, mi;ksxh gSA
II- ;g xyr lwpukvksa dk çlkj djrk gSA
III- ;g yksxksa dks oSf'od laokn dk eap çnku djrk gSA
IV- ;g ekufld LokLF; dks lqèkkjrk gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I lks'ky ehfM;k dk mi;ksx 1- f'k{kk vkSj O;kikj ds fy,
II lks'ky ehfM;k dk uqdlku 2- xksiuh;rk dk [krjk c<+rk gS
III xyr lwpukvksa dk çlkj 3- lks'ky ehfM;k dk ,d udkjkRed igyw
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼3½] III ¼1½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ lks'ky ehfM;k dk ldkjkRed mi;ksx dSls fd;k tk ldrk gS\
¼³½ lks'ky ehfM;k ds vR;fèkd mi;ksx ds D;k udkjkRed çHkko gSa\
ges'kk pyrs jgks]
jkg esa pkgs fdruh Hkh ckèkk,¡ gksaA
tks Fkd dj cSB x,]
os eafty dks ugÈ ik ldsA
gj pqukSrh ,d u;k lcd gS]
gj Bksdj ,d uÃ lh[k gSA
tks yM+dj fxjrs gSa]

os mBdj vkSj etcwr gks tkrs gSaA
liuksa dks iwjk djus ds fy,
fgEer vkSj tT+ck pkfg,A
èkS;Z j[kks] dfBukb;k¡ rks vk,¡xh]
ij rqEgkjh esgur rqEgsa lQyrk fnyk,xhA
vkvks] ge lc feydj
bl la?k"kZ dh jkg ij dne c<+k,¡]
vkSj viuh eafty rd igq¡psaA
gj lqcg ,d uÃ 'kq#vkr dk çrhd gS]
vkSj gj jkr dy ds fy, ,d rS;kjh gSA
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ckr ij tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. èkS;Z
ii. la?k"kZ
iii. liuk
iv. tT+ck
I. dfBukb;k¡ ges'kk gesa dqN fl[kkrh gSaA
II. liuksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, tT+ck pkfg,A
III. la?k"kZ gesa lQyrk dh vksj ys tkrk gSA
IV. gj pqukSrh gesa detksj cuk nsrh gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % tks yksx Fkd dj cSB tkrs gSa] os Hkh varr% viuh eafty rd igq¡p tkrs gSaA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd jkg esa vkus okyh dfBukb;k¡ gh gesa eafty rd igq¡pus esa enn djrh gSaA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dof;=h us èkS;Z dk D;k egRo crk;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa la?k"kZ vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ls dSls fuiVus dh lykg nh xÃ gS\

¼d½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ vkSj 'kgukbZ ds lkFk ftl ,d eqfLye ioZ dk uke tqM+k gqvk gS] og eqgjZe gSA
¼[k½ uokc lkgc dqN nsj xkM+h dh f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj fLFkfr ij xkSj djrs jgsA ¼la;qDr okD;
esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ftlus lcls igys vkx dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] og cM+k vkfo"dkjd FkkA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj
¼?k½ 'khyk us ,d iqLrd ek¡xh vkSj og mls fey xbZA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rkt+s [khjs dh ifu;krh Qk¡das ns[kdj eq¡g esa ikuh [kwc vk jgk Fkk
ysfdu os budkj dj pqds FksA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ Mªkboj us tksj ls czsd ekjsA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ eUuw vkSj mldh lgsfy;ksa }kjk d‚fyt dk vuq'kklu fcxkM+k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ [kk¡ lkgc us laxhr dks laiw.kZrk ls lh[kkA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ lwjnkl v"VNki ds lokZfèkd çfl) dfo gSaA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa dsoy vdeZd fØ;k dk iz;ksx gksrk gS\
¼d½ usrkth dh cxSj p'esa okyh ewfrZ cqjh yxrh gSaA
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr e¡>ksys dn ds xksjs&fpV~Vs vkneh FksA
¼x½ 'kgukÃ ctkus ds fy, jhM dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA
¼?k½ muds fglkc ls ogk¡ jguk viuh {kerk vkSj çfrHkk dks Hkêh esa >ksaduk FkkA
¼³½ ge duf[k;ksa ls uokc lkgc dh vksj ns[k jgs FksA
¼d½ es?k vk, cM+s cu&Bu ds l¡oj dsA
¼[k½ lqugq nso lc èkuq"k lekukA
¼x½ ean&xaèk&iq"i&ekyA
¼?k½ dgrh gqÃ ;ksa mÙkjk ds us= ty ls Hkj x,A fge ds d.kksa ls iw.kZ ekuks gks x, iadt u,A
¼³½ dgha lk¡l ysrs gks] ?kj&?kj Hkj nsrs gksA
[kaM & x 30
ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rkt+s [khjs dh ifu;krh Qk¡dsa ns[kdj ikuh eq¡g esa t+:j vk jgk Fkk]
ysfdu budkj dj pqds FksA vkRelEeku fuckguk gh mfpr le>k] mÙkj fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] bl oDr ryc
eglwl ugÈ gks jgh] esnk Hkh t+jk detksj gS] fdcyk 'kkSd Qjek,¡A* uokc lkgc us lr`".k vk¡[kksa ls
ued&fepZ ds la;ksx ls pedrh [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dh vksj ns[kkA f[kM+dh ds ckgj ns[kdj nh?kZ fu%Üokl
fy;kA [khjs dh ,d Qk¡d mBkdj gksaBksa rd ys x,A Qk¡d dks lw¡?kkA Lokn ds vkuan esa iydsa ew¡n
xb±A eq¡g esa Hkj vk, ikuh dk ?kw¡V xys ls mrj x;k] rc uokc lkgc us Qk¡d dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj
NksM+ fn;kA uokc lkgc [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks ukd ds ikl ys tkdj] okluk ls jlkLoknu dj f[kM+dh
ds ckgj Qsadrs x,A
¼d½ fdl dkj.k ls ys[kd us [khjs dh Qk¡d [kkus ls euk fd;k\
I. vkRelEeku fuckgus ds fy,
II. isV [kjkc gksus ds dkj.k
III. [khjs dh Qk¡d vPNh ugÈ yxh
IV. f[kM+dh ds ckgj ns[kus ds dkj.k
fodYi%
dFku (A) : uokc lkgc us [khjs dh Qk¡d [kkÃA
dkj.k (R) : uokc lkgc dks [khjs ds Lokn esa cgqr #fp FkhA
fodYi%
¼x½ uokc lkgc [khjs dh Qk¡dksa ds lkFk D;k dj jgs Fks\
i. [kk jgs Fks
ii. lw¡?kdj f[kM+dh ds ckgj Qsad jgs Fks
iii. vius nksLrksa dks ns jgs Fks
iv. Qk¡d dks ikuh esa èkksdj [kk jgs Fks
¼?k½ uokc lkgc us [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks D;ksa Qsad fn;k\

i. og jlkLoknu djds larq"V gks x, Fks
ii. [khjk vPNk ugÈ yxk
iii. f[kM+dh ds ckgj dqN ns[kus ds dkj.k
iv. og [khjk [kkuk ugÈ pkgrs Fks
I. uokc lkgc dk [khjs dk jlkLoknu
II. [khjs dk Lokn vkSj mldk vkuan
III. uokc lkgc dh [kkunkuh vknrsa
IV. [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks Qsadus dk rjhdk
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ firk th us Ççfliy dks xoZ ls D;k dgk\ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikB ds vkèkkj ij crkb,A
¼[k½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks ÃÜoj ij fdl ckr dks ysdj ;dhu Fkk\ ukScr[kkus esa bcknr ikB ds vkèkkj
ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ ifj"Ñr vkfo"drkZ dkSu gksrk gS\a ^laLÑfr* ikB ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k,A
¼?k½ gkynkj lkgc D;k&D;k lksprs vkSj D;ksa\ ûsrkth dk p'ek* ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
gfj gSa jktuhfr if<+ vk,A
leq>h ckr dgr eèkqdj ds] lekpkj lc ik,A
bd vfr prqj gqrs ifgySa gh] vc xq: xzaFk i<+k,A
c<+h cqf) tkuh tks mudh] tksx&l¡nsl iBk,A
ÅèkkS Hkys yksx vkxs ds] ij fgr Mksyr èkk,A
vc viuS eu Qsj ikbgSa] pyr tq gqrs pqjk,A
rs D;kSa vuhfr djSa vkiqu] ts vkSj vuhfr NqMk,A
jkt èkje rkS ;gS ^lwj*] tks çtk u tkÇg lrk,A
¼d½ *gfj gSa jktuhfr if<+ vk,* iafDr esa gfj fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgs gSa\
i. gfj dh jktuhfr esa çoh.krk
ii. gfj ds fo}ku gksus dh vksj
iii. gfj ds prqj gksus dh vksj
iv. gfj ds usr`Ro xq.kksa dh vksj
¼[k½ *ÅèkkS Hkys yksx vkxs ds] ij fgr Mksyr èkk,* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. lekt esa yksxksa dk fgr ns[kus dh ço`fÙk
II. nwljksa ds fgr ds fy, rRijrk
III. lekt esa u, fopkjksa dh Loh—fr
IV. nwljksa ds fgr esa lfØ;rk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : gfj jktuhfr esa fu".kkr gks x, gSaA
dkj.k (R) : gfj us jktuhfr dk Kku nwljksa dh enn ds fcuk Lo;a gh fodflr fd;k gSA
¼?k½ *rs D;kSa vuhfr djSa vkiqu] ts vkSj vuhfr NqMk,* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
i. U;k;fç; 'kkld dh vksj
ii. vuhfr ls yM+us okys O;fDr dh vksj
iii. lekt esa vkn'kZ usr`Ro dh vksj
iv. lekt dh O;oLFkk dh vksj
¼³½ *jkt èkje rkS ;gS ^lwj*] tks çtk u tkÇg lrk,* iafDr esa dfo D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
I. 'kkld dks çtk dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,
II. 'kkld dks U;k; dk ikyu djuk pkfg,
III. çtk dks vius drZO;ksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,
IV. 'kklu esa jktuhfr dk egRo
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ vkRedFkk u fy[kus ds fy, dfo us D;k dkj.k crk, gSa\ muesa ls fdUgha nks dkj.kksa dk mYys[k
dhft,A
¼[k½ cPps dh narqfjr eqldku dk dfo ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gSa\
¼x½ ^laxrdkj* dfork esa ç;qä ljxe vkSj lIrd D;k gksrs gSa\
¼?k½ fo'okfe= us ij'kqjke ;s D;k dgk\
¼d½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB ds vkèkkj ij crkb, fd ckcw th HkksyukFk dks fdl ik= esa D;k&D;k f[kykrs
Fks\ vkèkqfud 'kgjh thou esa [kku&iku esa vk, cnyko dh ppkZ dhft,A
¼[k½ ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB esa lhekvksa ij cSBs lSfudksa ds Áfr ns'k ds ukxfjdksa ds fy, D;k
lans'k fn;k gqvk gS\ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
¼x½ fgjksf'kek ds ,d tys gq, iRFkj ij iM+h Nk;k dks ns[kdj ys[kd us D;k vuqeku yxk;k\ êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ikB ds
vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A

¼d½ Hkz"Vkpkj % leL;k vkSj lek/kku

ladsr fcUnq %
•• vFkZ
•• Hkz"Vkpkj ds :i
•• Hkz"Vkpkj QSyus ds dkj.k
•• Hkz"Vkpkj jksdus ds mik;
¼[k½ dEI;wVj % vkt dh t:jr
ladsr fcUnq %
•• mi;ksxh oSKkfud vkfo"dkj
•• fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa dEI;wVj
•• ykHk&gkfu
¼x½ ou vkSj gekjk i;kZoj.k
ladsr fcUnq %
•• çnw"k.k dh orZeku leL;k
•• o`{kksa dk egRo
•• O;fäxr ,oa ljdkjh ç;kl
13. ¼d½ vkids {ks= ds ikdZ dks dwM+snku cuk fn;k x;k FkkA vc iqfyl dh igy vkSj enn ls
iqu% cPpksa ds fy, [ksy dk eSnku cu x;k gSA vr% vki iqfyl vk;qDr dks yxHkx 100
'kCnksa esa ,d /kU;okn i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkidk NksVk HkkbZ vuqjkx ijh{kk esa udy djrk idM+k x;k] ftlds fy, mls nafMr fd;k
x;kA mls le>krs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ bafM;k dsfedYl fyfeVsM] eqacbZ esa ekdsZfVax ,DtD;wfVo in ds fy, viuk vkosnu&i=
izsf"kr djrs gq, Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ Hkzked foKku ls ifjokj dks gqbZ vkfFkZd gkfu dh f'kdk;r djrs gq, lekpkj&i= ds
laiknd dks ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ fnYyh ds lkdsr esa ,d u;k fte [kqyk gS] ftlesa dq'ky izf'k{kd dh ns[kjs[k esa O;k;ke dh
lqfo/kk gSA blds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d vkd"kZd foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fe= dks vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- fnYyh esa izos'k feyk gSA mls c/kkbZ nsus ds fy, yxHkx 40
'kCnksa esa ,d lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 23
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

efgyk l'kfädj.k dk vFkZ gS efgykvksa dks muds vfèkdkj] volj vkSj 'kfä nsuk rkfd os lekt
esa leku :i ls Hkkx ys ldsa vkSj Lora= :i ls fu.kZ; ys ldsaA Hkkjr esa efgyk l'kfädj.k ,d
egRoiw.kZ eqík gS] D;ksafd lfn;ksa ls efgyk,a fofHkUu lkekftd vkSj vkÆFkd lhekvksa dk lkeuk djrh
vk jgh gSaA f'k{kk] jkstxkj] LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj jktuhfrd lgHkkfxrk esa efgykvksa ds vfèkdkjksa dks
lqfuf'pr djuk efgyk l'kfädj.k dk ,d çeq[k fgLlk gSA efgykvksa dks vkRefuHkZj vkSj Lokoyach
cukus ds fy, ljdkj us dÃ ;kstuk,¡ vkSj dkuwu ykxw fd, gSa] ftudk mís'; efgykvksa dks muds
thou ds gj {ks= esa lekurk fnykuk gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj us *csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvks*] *mTToyk ;kstuk*] *efgyk lqj{kk vkSj laj{k.k dkuwu*
tSls dÃ dk;ZØe 'kq: fd, gSa] ftudk mís'; efgykvksa dks lekt esa lqjf{kr vkSj lEekfur LFkku
fnykuk gSA blds vykok] iapk;rh jkt O;oLFkk esa efgykvksa ds fy, 33% vkj{k.k lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k
gS] rkfd os LFkkuh; ç'kklu esa viuh Hkkxhnkjh c<+k ldsaA f'k{kk vkSj jkstxkj ds {ks= esa Hkh efgykvksa
dks vfèkd volj çnku fd, tk jgs gSa] rkfd os vkRefuHkZj cu ldsa vkSj vius ifjokj rFkk lekt
dh HkykÃ esa ;ksxnku dj ldsaA
gkyk¡fd] efgyk l'kfädj.k ds ç;klksa ds ckotwn dÃ pqukSfr;k¡ vc Hkh cuh gqÃ gSaA f'k{kk dh
deh] ?kjsyw Çglk] vkSj lkekftd iwokZxzg tSls eqís efgykvksa dh çxfr esa ckèkk Mkyrs gSaA ysfdu bu
pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, lekt ds lHkh oxks± dh Hkkxhnkjh vkSj tkx:drk vko';d gSA efgykvksa
dks l'kä cukdj gh ge ,d l'kä vkSj fodflr lekt dk fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % efgyk l'kfädj.k dk mís'; efgykvksa dks leku vfèkdkj vkSj volj çnku djuk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % efgyk l'kfädj.k ls efgyk,a lekt esa leku :i ls Hkkx ys ldsaxhA
¼[k½ efgyk l'kfädj.k ds eq[; mís'; D;k gSa–
I- f'k{kk dk çlkj
II- ?kjsyw Çglk dks c<+kok nsuk
III- jkstxkj ds volj çnku djuk
IV- efgykvksa dh jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh c<+kuk
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I *csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvks* ;kstuk 1- efgykvksa dh f'k{kk vkSj lqj{kk ds fy,
II iapk;rh jkt esa efgykvksa dk vkj{k.k 2- LFkkuh; ç'kklu esa Hkkxhnkjh c<+kus ds fy,
III mTToyk ;kstuk 3- ?kjsyw ÅtkZ ds fy, eq¶r ,yihth dusD'ku
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr ljdkj efgyk l'kfädj.k ds fy, dkSu&dkSu lh ;kstuk,¡ pyk jgh gS\
¼³½ efgyk l'kfädj.k lekt ds fodkl esa dSls lgk;d gS\
pk¡nuh jkr esa]
vkdk'k rkjs ls Hkjk FkkA
èkjrh ij fcNh pk¡nuh]
tSls 'khry èkwi dk vk¡xu]
gj dksuk mTToy vkSj 'kkafriw.kZ FkkA
lkxj dh ygjsa gYdh&gYdh 'kksj dj jgh FkÈ]
ftudh vkokt+] 'kkafr ds bl okrkoj.k esa]

laxhr lh çrhr gks jgh FkhA
leqæ ds fdukjs clk gqvk ;g –';]
ekuks ,d fp= esa cny pqdk Fkk]
tgk¡ ç—fr us viuh xksn esa
gj tho dks vkjke vkSj larqyu çnku fd;k FkkA
;g jkr ekuks thou ds gj la?k"kZ dks Hkwy tkus dk
,d vueksy volj Fkk]
tgk¡ euq"; dsoy ç—fr ds laxhr dk vkuan ys ldrk FkkA
bl vn~Hkqr –'; esa]
euq"; vius Hkhrj ,d uÃ ÅtkZ eglwl dj jgk Fkk]
tks mlds thou dks uÃ fn'kk ns jgh FkhA
&egknsoh oekZ
i. ioZrksa dk –';
ii. unh dk –';
iii. leqæ dk –';
iv. taxy dk –';
I. leqæ dh ygjksa dk gYdk 'kksjA
II. pk¡nuh jkr dk mTToy vkdk'kA
III. èkjrh ij pk¡nuh dh 'khryrkA
IV. rkjs ls Hkjs vkdk'k dk lkSan;ZA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % leqæ dh ygjsa 'kkar okrkoj.k esa laxhr lh çrhr gks jgh FkÈA
dkj.k ¼R½ % pk¡nuh jkr esa lkxj dk 'kksj gYdk vkSj eèkqj gks x;k FkkA
iv. dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa gh xyr gSaA

¼d½ bu yksxksa dh N=&Nk;k gVh vkSj eq>s vius otwn dk ,glkl gqvkA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ mUgksaus tSls gh 'kgukbZ ctkuh 'kq: dh] lc mldh eaxy /ofu esa eXu gks x,A ¼la;qDr okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼x½ ftl O;fä us xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds fl)kar dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] og laL—r O;fä FkkA ¼vkfJr miokD;
Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ lkglh O;fDr ds fy, dksbZ Hkh dk;Z nq"dj ugha gksrkA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ firkth dh vktknh dh lhek ;gha rd Fkh fd mudh mifLFkfr esa ?kj esa vk, yksxksa ds chp
mBw¡&cSBw¡] tkuw¡&le>w¡A ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr us xaxk&Luku fd;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ ukxktqZu }kjk ckaXyk vkSj laL—r esa Hkh dfork,¡ fy[kh xb±A ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ mLrkn us laxhr dh f'k{kk nhA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ dSIVu ls p'ek cnyk tkrk gSA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ deZokP; esa D;k xkS.k gksrk gS\
¼d½ vius mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc gSAa mudk tUe&LFkku Hkh Mqejk¡o gh gSA ;gk¡ ujdV ikbZ tkrh gSA
¼[k½ euq"; dsoy Hkkstu djus ds fy, thfor ugha jgrk gS] cfYd og vius Hkhrj dh lq{e bPNkvksa
dh r`fIr Hkh pkgrk gSA
¼x½ og eq>s vius O;ogkj dh >yd gh fn[kkÃ nsrh gSA
¼?k½ ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rkts [khjs dh ifu;krh Qk¡dsa ns[kdj ikuh eq¡g esa t+:j vk jgk
FkkA
¼³½ og eLrh esa xkrs jgrsA
¼d½ cky czãpkjh vfr dksghA
¼[k½ mTToy xkFkk dSls xkÅ¡] eèkqj pk¡nuh jkrksa dhA
¼x½ ns[krs rqe bèkj du[kh ekjA
¼?k½ vkxs ufn;ka iM+h vikj ?kksMk dSls mrjs ikjA jk.kk us lkspk bl ikj rc rd psrd Fkk ml ikjAA
¼³½ us= ekuks dey gSaA
[kaM&x 30
gkynkj lkgc dks ikuokys }kjk ,d ns'kHkDr dk bl rjg et+kd mM+k;k tkuk vPNk ugÈ yxkA
eqM+dj ns[kk rks vokd~ jg x,A ,d csgn cw<+k efj;y&lk y¡xM+k vkneh flj ij xkaèkh Vksih vkSj
vk¡[kksa ij dkyk p'ek yxk, ,d gkFk esa ,d NksVh&lh lanwdph vkSj nwljs gkFk esa ,d ck¡l ij V¡xs
cgqr&ls p'es fy, vHkh&vHkh ,d xyh ls fudyk Fkk vkSj vc ,d can nqdku ds lgkjs viuk ck¡l
fVdk jgk FkkA rks bl cspkjs dh nqdku Hkh ugÈ! Qsjh yxkrk gS! gkynkj lkgc pôj esa iM+ x,A
iwNuk pkgrs Fks] bls dSIVu D;ksa dgrs gSa\ D;k ;gh bldk okLrfod uke gS\ ysfdu ikuokys us lkQ+
crk fn;k Fkk fd vc og bl ckjs esa vkSj ckr djus dks rS;kj ugÈA Mªkboj Hkh cspSu gks jgk FkkA dke
Hkh FkkA gkynkj lkgc thi esa cSBdj pys x,A
¼d½ gkynkj lkgc dks fdl ckr dk cqjk yxk\
I. ikuokys }kjk ,d ns'kHkDr dk et+kd mM+k;k tkuk
II. cw<+s vkneh dh gkyr ns[kdj
III. ikuokys }kjk dSIVu dk vieku
IV. cw<+s vkneh dh Qsjh yxkus dh etcwjh
fodYi%
ii. dFku I vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : gkynkj lkgc us cw<+s vkneh ls ckr dhA
dkj.k (R) : gkynkj lkgc dks ml cw<+s vkneh ds ckjs esa vkSj tkuus dh mRlqdrk FkhA
fodYi%
¼x½ cw<+k vkneh D;k fy, gq, xyh ls fudyk Fkk\
i. ,d lanwdph vkSj cgqr&ls p'es
ii. ,d ck¡l vkSj ,d Vksih
iii. ,d lanwdph vkSj ,d ck¡l ij cgqr&ls p'es
iv. ,d NksVh nqdku vkSj p'es
¼?k½ cw<+s vkneh dh nqdku dSlh Fkh\

i. nqdku ugÈ Fkh] og Qsjh yxkrk Fkk
ii. ,d NksVh&lh nqdku Fkh
iii. nqdku ,d xyh ds eksM+ ij Fkh
iv. og fdjk, dh nqdku esa dke djrk Fkk
I. cw<+s vkneh dh fLFkfr vkSj mldk la?k"kZ
II. gkynkj lkgc dh ns'kHkfDr
III. ikuokys dk O;ogkj vkSj cw<+s vkneh dh etcwjh
IV. gkynkj lkgc vkSj cw<+s vkneh dh eqykdkr
fodYi%
¼d½ dk'kh ls fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk xgu lacaèk Fkk& ûkScr[kkus esa bcknr* ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dh-
ft,A
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk vius [ksr dh iSnkokj dks dchjiaFkh eB ij tkdj p<+k nsuk D;k izdV djrk
gS\ ikB ^ckyxksfcu Hkxr* ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ ^laLÑfr* ikB ds ys[kd ds vuqlkj lH;rk D;k gS\
¼?k½ ^y[kuoh* vankt* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd uokc lkgc dk O;ogkj fdl oxZ ij O;aX; djrk
gS\
y[ku dgk gfl gejs tkukA lqugq nso lc èkuq"k lekukAA
dk Nfr ykHkq twu èkuq rksjsaA ns[kk jke u;u ds HkksjsaAA
Nqvr VwV j?kqifrgq u nkslAw eqfu fcuq dkt dfjv dr jkslAw A
cksys fprS ijlq dh vksjkA js lB lqusfg lqHkkm u eksjkAA
ckydq cksfy cèkkSa ufg rksghA dsoy eqfu tM+ tkufg eksghAA
cky czãpkjh vfr dksghA fcLofcfnr {kf=;dqy æksghAA
Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi fcuq dhUghA fciqy ckj efgnsoUg nhUghAA
lglckgqHkqt NsnfugkjkA ijlq fcyksdq eghidqekjkAA
ekrq firfg tfu lkspcl djfl eghlfdlksjA
xHkZUg osQ vHkZd nyu ijlq eksj vfr ?kksjAA
¼d½ *y[ku dgk gfl gejs tkuk* iafDr esa y{e.k fdl Hkko ls galrs gq, ;g ckr dg jgs gSa\
i. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dk migkl
ii. ij'kqjke ds èkuq"k rksM+us ij O;aX;
iii. ij'kqjke dh xaHkhjrk dk etkd
iv. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk ls vlgefr
¼[k½ *lglckgqHkqt Nsnfugkjk* iafDr esa fdldh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
I. ij'kqjke dh ohjrk dh vksj
II. lglzckgq dh gkj dh vksj
III. ij'kqjke ds 'kkS;Z dh vksj
IV. ij'kqjke ds vL=ksa dh efgek dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : y{e.k us ij'kqjke ls fouezrk ls ckr dhA
dkj.k (R) : y{e.k dks ij'kqjke dh 'kfDr vkSj Øksèk dk lkeuk djus dk Mj FkkA
¼?k½ *ckydq cksfy cèkkSa ufg rksgh* iafDr esa ij'kqjke fdlds çfr Øksèk O;Dr dj jgs gSa\
i. y{e.k ds çfr
ii. jke ds çfr
iii. lglzckgq ds çfr
iv. jktk tud ds çfr
¼³½ *ijlq fcyksdq eghidqekjk* iafDr esa ij'kqjke fdls psrkouh ns jgs gSa\
I. jke dks
II. y{e.k dks
III. lglzckgq dks
IV. jktk tud dks
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ dfork dk 'kh"kZd ^mRlkg* D;ksa j[kk x;k gSa\ ^mRlkg* 'kh"kZd ds }kjk dfo us fdl egÙoiw.kZ
rF; dh vksj ladsr fd;k gS\
¼[k½ xksfi;ksa dks ;ksx dSlk yxrk gS vkSj oLrqr% mldh vko';drk dSls yksxksa dks gSa\
¼x½ dfo ds vuqlkj f'k'kq ds Li'kZ ls D;k&D;k ifjorZu gq,\
¼?k½ rkj lIrd ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ ^laxrdkj* dfork ds vkèkkj ij vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
¼d½ ys[kd ds eu esa fgjksf'kek ij fxjs v.kq ce ds dkj.k foKku ds bl nq#i;ksx ds izfr fonzksg FkkA
mlds eu esa ,d foo'krk dk tUe gqvkA êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ikB ds vk/kkj ij ys[kd dh bl
Hkhrjh foo'krk dk o.kZu dhft,A
¼[k½ i;kZoj.k dks lajf{kr djuk euq"; dk uSfrd drZO; gSA bls lajf{kr djus esa vkidh D;k Hkwfedk
gks ldrh gS\ ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, mÙkj fyf[k,A
¼x½ cPpsa vkil esa gq, >xMs+] jksuk&/kksuk vkfn dks eu esa vf/kd nsj rd ugha j[krsA êkrk dk v¡py*
ikB ds vk/kkj ij bl dFku iju mnkgj.k lfgr vius fopkj Li"V dhft,A

¼d½ i;kZoj.k laj{k.k % gekjk uSfrd mÙkjnkf;Ro

ladsr fcanq %
•• i;kZoj.k % gekjs izk.kksa dk vk/kkj
•• i;kZoj.k dh bl dnj vuns[kh mfpr ugha
•• i;kZoj.k&laj{k.k laca/kh nkf;Ro
¼[k½ dkedkth efgyk,¡ vkSj mudh nksgjh Hkwfedk
ladsr fcanq %
•• oSKkfud ,oa 'kSf{kd izxfr dk ;qx
•• iq#"kksa ds da/ks&ls&da/kk feykdj vkxs c<+uk
•• ?kj dh ftEesnkfj;ka] /kS;Z] vkRecy] lkgl] R;kx ls ifjiw.kZ] nksgjh Hkwfedk ds fy, vius vki dks
rS;kj djuk
¼x½ la?k"kZ gh thou gS
ladsr fcanq %
•• thou dk lcls cM+k lR; % la?k"kZ] la?k"kZ esa 'kfDr\
•• vlaHko dks Hkh laHko cukus okyk xq.k
•• la?k"kZ ls bfrgkl jp ikus dk mYys[k
•• mnkgj.k
13. ¼d½ ^nSfud izgjh* lekpkji= ds laiknd dks vius v-c-l- uxj esa clksa dh deh ls gksus okyh
ijs'kkfu;ksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k, rFkk lacaf/kr ifjogu
foHkkx ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk /;ku bl leL;k dh vksj vkdf"kZr dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fe= dks O;kikj esa cgqr ?kkVk gqvk gSA blls mldk LokLF; nq"izHkkfor gks x;k gSA
mls lkaRouk o izsj.kk nsrs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vki lk{kh xqIrk gSaA vki ,e-,- ch-,M- gSaA vkidks egkohj baVjus'kuy Ldwy v-c-l- uxj
esa vaxszth v/;kfidk in ds fy, vkosnu djuk gSA blds fy, vki viuk ,d laf{kIr
vFko
¼[k½ vius {ks= esa ,d ikdZ fodflr djus ds fy, lHkh dkWyksuhokfl;ksa dh vksj ls uxj
fuxe vf/kdkjh dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZesy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ lSy Qksu foØsrk gsrq yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa foKkiu nhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vacsMdj t;arh ij ,d lans'k yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 24
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

;ksx ,d çkphu Hkkjrh; fo|k gS] ftldk mís'; 'kjhj] eu] vkSj vkRek ds chp larqyu LFkkfir djuk
gSA ;g u dsoy 'kkjhfjd LokLF; dks csgrj cukrk gS] cfYd ekufld 'kkafr vkSj vkè;kfRed mUufr
esa Hkh lgk;d gksrk gSA ;ksx ds dÃ vklu vkSj çk.kk;ke gSa] tks 'kjhj dks yphyk] etcwr vkSj LoLFk
cukus esa enn djrs gSaA fu;fer ;ksx vH;kl ls ruko] Çprk] vkSj volkn tSlh ekufld leL;kvksa
ls Hkh NqVdkjk ik;k tk ldrk gSA ;ksx dk vH;kl fdlh Hkh mez ds O;fä dj ldrs gSa] vkSj ;g
iwjh rjg ls çk—frd vkSj lqjf{kr gSA
;ksx dk egRo vc oSf'od Lrj ij Hkh ekU;rk çkIr dj pqdk gSA 21 twu dks varjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx
fnol euk;k tkrk gS] ftls la;qä jk"Vª }kjk 2015 esa ekU;rk nh xÃ FkhA ;g fnu fo'oHkj esa ;ksx
ds ykHkksa ds çfr tkx:drk QSykus dk çrhd cu x;k gSA Hkkjr esa ;ksx dk çkphu bfrgkl gS] vkSj
;g vkt Hkh thou'kSyh dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk cuk gqvk gSA ;ksx ds çeq[k vaxksa esa vklu] çk.kk;ke]
è;ku vkSj la;e 'kkfey gSa] tks O;fä ds lexz fodkl esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA
gkykafd] ;ksx dk lgh çHkko rHkh çkIr gksrk gS tc bls fu;fer :i ls vkSj lgh rjhds ls fd;k
tk,A blds vH;kl ls 'kkjhfjd chekfj;ksa ls cpko ds lkFk&lkFk ekufld 'kfä dk Hkh fodkl gksrk
gSA ;ksx dk mís'; dsoy 'kkjhfjd fQVusl ugÈ gS] cfYd ;g thou ds lHkh igyqvksa esa larqyu vkSj
'kkafr çkIr djus dk ,d ekè;e gSA
dFku ¼A½ % ;ksx 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld LokLF; ds fy, ykHkdkjh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % ;ksx 'kjhj] eu] vkSj vkRek ds chp larqyu LFkkfir djrk gSA
¼[k½ ;ksx ds çeq[k ykHk D;k gSa–
I- ekufld 'kkafr çnku djrk gSA
II- 'kjhj dks yphyk vkSj etcwr cukrk gSA
III- ;ksx dsoy 'kkjhfjd LokLF; ij dsafær gksrk gSA
IV- ;ksx dk vH;kl fdlh Hkh mez esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I varjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx fnol 1- 21 twu
II ;ksx ds vax 2- vklu] çk.kk;ke] è;ku vkSj la;e
III ;ksx dk mís'; 3- 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj vkè;kfRed larqyu
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ ;ksx ds çeq[k vax dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\
¼³½ ;ksx dk fu;fer vH;kl fdl çdkj 'kjhj vkSj eu dks çHkkfor djrk gS\
2. fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj ml ij vk/kkfjr iwNs x, Á'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& 7
vfXuiFk! vfXuiFk!
rw u #dsxk dHkh]
rw u >qdsxk dHkh]
vfXuiFk ij c<+rk tk,xkA
gj dne ij dkaVs gksaxs]
gj jkg esa eqf'dysa gksaxh]
ij rq>s u Fkduk gS]

u Mjuk gS]
cl pyrs tkuk gS]
;g egku –'; gS]
ekuo ds la?k"kZ dh xkFkk gSA
vkvks] ;g ç.k ysa ge]
fd ge dHkh gkj u ekusaxs]
gj ckèkk dks ikj djsaxsA
;g vkx dk iFk gS]
ysfdu tks u >qdk] ogh egku gSA
vfXuiFk! vfXuiFk!
&gfjoa'k jk; cPpu
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ij tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. vkjke
ii. la?k"kZ
iii. fot;
iv. dfBukb;k¡
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us la?k"kZ ds fdu igyqvksa ij çdk'k Mkyk gS\
I. la?k"kZ esa FkdkoV gksrh gSA
II. gj dfBukÃ ls lh[k feyrh gSA
III. lQyrk mUgÈ dks feyrh gS tks fujarj pyrs jgrs gSaA
IV. jkLrs esa dkaVs vkSj ckèkk,¡ feysaxhA
fodYi%
iii. dFku I] II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
iv. dFku II] III vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % la?k"kZ esa euq"; dks dHkh #duk ugÈ pkfg,A
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd dfBukb;ksa ds ckn gh lQyrk çkIr gksrh gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us fdl çdkj dh dfBukb;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us la?k"kZ ls D;k fl[kus dh ckr dgh gS\

¼d½ jhM vanj ls iksyh gksrh gS ftlds lgkjs 'kgukbZ dks Qw¡dk tkrk gSA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ mlds ,d b'kkjs ij yM+fd;k¡ d{kk ls ckgj fudydj ukjs yxkus yxhaA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ge ;g tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd vkx dh [kkst dSls gqÃA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh
fyf[k,½
¼?k½ lHkk esa fn;k x;k esjk Hkk"k.k v[kckjksa esa Ni x;kA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ uokc lkgc us [khjs ckgj Qsad fn,A ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ ikuokys us lkQ crk fn;k FkkA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ eUuw vkSj mldh lgsfy;ksa }kjk d‚yst dh yM+fd;ksa dks eSnku esa bdëk fd;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa
cnfy,½
¼x½ euq"; us vkx dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ rqylhnkl us fou;if=dk dh jpuk cztHkk"kk esa dhA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ deZokP; okys okD; esa fØ;k fdlds fyax vkSj opu ds vuqlkj gksrh gS\
¼d½ vPNs&vPNksa us bl loky dk gy <w<+us dk iz;kl fd;k] fdarq lcdks vlQyrk gh gkFk yxhA
¼[k½ ^ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh laxhr&lk/kuk* dk pje mRd"kZ ml fnu ns[kk x;k tc mudk csVk ejkA
¼x½ mUgksaus iwjs nl fnuksa dk 'kksd euk;kA
¼?k½ eSaus jkgr dh lk¡l yhA
¼³½ [khjs dh lc Qk¡dksa dks f[kM+dh ds ckgj Qsaddj rkSfy, ls gkFk vkSj gksaB iksaN fy,A
¼d½ NksVs ls thou dh dSls] cM+h dFkk,¡ vkt dgw¡\
¼[k½ vk¡[k gVkrk gw¡ rks gV ugÈ jgh gSA
¼x½ dYiuk lh vfr'k; dkseyA
¼?k½ ns[k yks ;g lkdsr uxjh gS ;gh] LoxZ ls feyus xxu dks tk jghA
¼³½ ns[kksxs ;g xkxj jhrhA
[kaM & x 30
gkynkj lkgc dks gj iaægosa fnu daiuh ds dke ds flyflys esa ml dLcs ls xqtjuk iM+rk FkkA
dLck cgqr cM+k ugÈ Fkk] ftls iôk edku dgk tk lds oSls dqN gh edku vkSj ftls cktkj dgk
tk lds oSlk ,d gh cktkj FkkA dLcs esa ,d yM+dksa dk Ldwy] ,d yM+fd;ksa dk Ldwy] ,d lhesaV
dk NksVk&lk dkj[kkuk] nks vksiu ,;j flusek?kj vkSj ,d uxjikfydk Hkh FkhA uxjikfydk Fkh rks
dqN&u&dqN dk;Z djrh Hkh jgrh FkhA dHkh dksÃ lM+d iôh djok nh] dHkh dqN is'kkc?kj cuok
fn,] dHkh dcwrjksa dh Nrjh cuok nh] rks dHkh dfo lEesyu djok fn;kA blh uxjikfydk ds fdlh
mRlkgh cksMZ ;k ç'kklfud vfèkdkjh us ,d ckj ^'kgj* ds eq[; cktkj ds eq[; pkSjkgs ij usrkth
lqHkk"kpaæ cksl dh ,d laxejej dh çfrek yxok nhA ;g dgkuh mlh çfrek ds ckjs esa gS] cfYd
mlds Hkh ,d NksVs&ls fgLls ds ckjs esaA
¼d½ dLcs esa dkSu&dkSu lh lqfoèkk,¡ FkÈ\
I. ,d yM+dksa dk Ldwy
II. ,d yM+fd;ksa dk Ldwy
III. ,d lhesaV dk dkj[kkuk
IV. ,d jsyos LVs'ku
fodYi%
dFku (A) : dLcs esa uxjikfydk dh lfØ; Hkwfedk FkhA
dkj.k (R) : uxjikfydk us lM+dsa iôh djokb±] is'kkc?kj cuok, vkSj dfo lEesyu djok;kA
fodYi%
¼x½ usrkth lqHkk"kpaæ cksl dh çfrek dgk¡ yxkÃ xÃ Fkh\
i. yM+dksa ds Ldwy ds lkeus
ii. uxjikfydk Hkou ds lkeus
iii. eq[; cktkj ds eq[; pkSjkgs ij
iv. lhesaV ds dkj[kkus ds ikl
¼?k½ dLcs dh uxjikfydk us fdl çdkj dh xfrfofèk;k¡ dh FkÈ\

i. lM+dsa iôh djokuk vkSj is'kkc?kj cuokuk
ii. dcwrjksa dh Nrjh cuokuk
iii. dfo lEesyu djokuk
iv. mi;qZDr lHkh lgh gSa
I. dLcs dh uxjikfydk dh lfØ;rk
II. usrkth lqHkk"kpaæ cksl dh laxejej dh çfrek
III. dLcs dk NksVk cktkj
IV. dLcs dh lqfoèkk,¡ vkSj çfrek
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ vkidh n`f"V esa Hkxr dh dchj ij J)k ds D;k dkj.k jgs gksaxs\ ^ckyxksfcu Hkxr* ikB ds vk/kkj
ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼[k½ ûkScr[kkus esa bcknr* ikB esa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ls gesa D;k çsj.kk feyrh gS\
¼x½ lH; fdls dgk x;k gSa\ lksnkgj.k Li"V djsaA
¼?k½ ikB ^y[kuoh vankt+* esa uokc lkgc }kjk ys[kd ls [khjk [kkus ds fy, iwNs tkus ij Hkh mUgksaus
[khjk [kkus ls badkj D;ksa fd;k\
ÅèkkS] rqe gkS vfr cM+HkkxhA
vijl jgr lusg rxk rSa] ukfgu eu vuqjkxhA
iqjbfu ikr jgr ty Hkhrj] rk jl nsg u nkxhA
T;kSa ty ekg¡ rsy dh xkxfj] cw¡n u rkdkSa ykxhA
çhfr&unh eSa ikm¡ u cks;kSZ] –f"V u :i ijkxhA
^lwjnkl* vcyk ge Hkksjh] xqj pk¡Vh T;kSa ikxhA
¼d½ *ÅèkkS] rqe gkS vfr cM+Hkkxh* iafDr esa dfo fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgs gSa\
i. m)o ds lkSHkkX; dh vksj
ii. m)o ds O;aX;iw.kZ HkkX; dh vksj
iii. m)o ds çse ls nwj jgus dh vksj
iv. m)o ds Kku dh vksj
¼[k½ *iqjbfu ikr jgr ty Hkhrj] rk jl nsg u nkxh* iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr gS\
I. m)o ds eu esa çse mRiUu ugÈ gqvk
II. m)o ds eu esa çse mRiUu gqvk ysfdu dksÃ vlj ugÈ gqvk
III. m)o çse esa Mwcus ds ckotwn mlls vçHkkfor jgs
IV. m)o ds 'kjhj ij çse dk vlj ugÈ gqvk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : m)o dks xksfi;ksa us lkSHkkX;'kkyh dgk gSA
dkj.k (R) : m)o ds ân; esa çse mRiUu ugÈ gks ldk] tcfd os —".k ds lkfuè; esa jgsA
¼?k½ *xqj pk¡Vh T;kSa ikxh* iafDr esa *xqj* vkSj *pk¡Vh* fdldk çrhd gSa\
i. xqj ¼xqM+½ m)o dk] pk¡Vh ¼pÈVh½ lwjnkl dk
ii. xqj ¼xqM+½ m)o dk] pk¡Vh ¼pÈVh½ Jh—".k dk
iii. xqj ¼xqM+½ Jh—".k dk] pk¡Vh ¼pÈVh½ m)o dk
iv. xqj ¼xqM+½ Jh—".k dk] pk¡Vh ¼pÈVh½ xksfi;ksa dk
¼³½ *çhfr&unh eSa ikm¡ u cks;kSZ* iafDr esa fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
I. m)o ds çse esa vlQy gksus dh vksj
II. m)o ds çse esa Mwcus dh vfuPNk dh vksj
III. m)o ds eu esa çse mRiUu ugÈ gksus dh vksj
IV. m)o ds eu esa çse mRiUu gksus dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ dfo vkSj cPps ds ijLij feyu dk ekè;e dkSu curk gS vkSj dSls\ Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ laxrdkj dk iSny pydj vkuk mldh fdl ckr dh vksj ladsr djrk gS\
¼x½ dfo dh vk¡[k Qkxqu dh laqnjrk ls D;ksa ugha gV jgh gS\ ^vV ugha jgh gS* dfork ds vk/kkj ij
mÙkj nhft,A
¼?k½ *vkRedF;* 'kCn dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq, crkb, fd mls O;Dr fd;k tkuk D;ksa vko';d ugha
gS\
¼d½ cStw jkLrs esa ewlu frokjh dks fp<+krs gq, cksyk] c<+qok csbZeku ek¡xs djSyk dks pkS[kkA 'ks"k cPpksa
us cStw ds lqj&esa&lqj feykdj ;gh fpYykuk 'kq: dj fn;kA vr% ifjos'k ,oa laxfr fdl izdkj
cPpksa ds pkfjf=d fodkl esa ck/kd ,oa lk/kd gS\ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB ds vk/kkj ij vius fopkj
O;Dr dhft,A
¼[k½ ioZrh; {ks=ksa ij gksus okyh O;kolkf;d izxfr vkSj fodkl dk bu LFkyksa rFkk izkd`frd okrkoj.k
ij D;k izHkko iM+ jgk gSaA ysf[kdk us dVkvks {ks= dk mnkgj.k nsdj fdl leL;k dh vksj ladsr
fd;k gS\ blds lek/kku esa uo;qodksa dh D;k Hkwfedk gks ldrh gS\ ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM* ikB
ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼x½ foKku dk nq#i;ksx dgk¡&dgk¡ rFkk fdl rjg ls gks jgk gS] êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ikB ds vk/kkj
ij Li"V dhft,A

¼d½ Lokoyacu
ladsr fcUnq %
•• Lokoyacu dk vFkZ
•• vkRefo'okl dh lh<+h
•• LokoyEch lekt jk"Vª dk fgrS"khA
¼[k½ ijfgr lfjl /keZ ufga HkkbZ
ladsr fcUnq %
•• euq";rk dh dlkSVh
•• thou dh lkFkZdrk
•• ijksidkj ls vkuan dh vuqHkwfrA
¼x½ esd bu bf.M;k
ladsr fcUnq %
•• oLrqvksa dk Hkkjr esa fuekZ.k
•• vkjEHk vkSj y{;
•• ykHk vkSj {ks=
•• mTToy vkS|ksfxd Hkfo";A
13. ¼d½ cl esa ;k=k djrs le; vkidk eksckby Qksu xqe gks x;kA vius {ks= ds iqfyl vf/
kdkjh dks bldh lwpuk nsrs gq, yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ Nk=kokl esas jgus okys vius NksVs HkkbZ dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fy[kdj
Ákr%dky fu;fer :i ls ;ksx ,oa Ák.kk;ke dk vH;kl djus ds fy, Ásfjr dhft,A
14. ¼d½ jktho xka/kh QkmaMs'ku mPp f'k{kk LdkWyjf'ki iznku djrh gSA LdkWyjf'ki ÁkIr djus gsrq
vkosnu Hkstus ds fy, yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa viuk Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkius ;k=k ds nkSjku ,d mijxkeh iqy dks ttZj gkyr esa ns[kk gSA og iqy dHkh Hkh
fdlh nq?kZVuk dk dkj.k cu ldrk gSA vkius ogk¡ #ddj vius eksckby ls mldk fp=
Hkh fy;k gSA ml fp= lfgr yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dks vf/k'kklh vfHk;ark dks iqy dh
ejEer ds lanHkZ esa yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa bZ&esy dhft,A
15. ¼d½ ^dLrqjh lqxaf/kr rsy* dk lqUnj foKkiu yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ fdlh nwljs 'kgj esa jgdj ukSdjh dj jgs vius cM+s HkkbZ ds ifjokj dks vkus okyh gksyh
dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs gq, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d lans'k rS;kj dhft,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 25
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

Hkkjr vkSj phu ds lacaèkksa dk ,d yack vkSj tfVy bfrgkl jgk gSA nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp lkaL—frd]
vkÆFkd vkSj jktuhfrd lacaèk lfn;ksa iqjkus gSaA Hkkjr vkSj phu ,f'k;k dh nks çeq[k rkdrsa gSa] vkSj
muds chp vPNs lacaèkksa dk gksuk u dsoy {ks=h;] cfYd oSf'od fLFkjrk ds fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA
gkykafd] nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp lhekvksa dks ysdj le;≤ ij ruko vkSj fookn mHkjrs jgs gSa] ftlls
muds lacaèkksa esa mrkj&p<+ko vk, gSaA Hkkjr vkSj phu ds chp 1962 dk ;q) ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk jgh]
ftlus nksuksa ns'kksa ds lacaèkksa dks çHkkfor fd;kA blds ckn Hkh dÃ ckj lhek fookn us muds fj'rksa esa
[kVkl iSnk dh gS] fo'ks"k :i ls Mksdyke fookn vkSj 2020 esa xyoku ?kkVh dh ?kVuk us fLFkfr dks
vkSj tfVy cuk fn;kA
gkykafd] bu pqukSfr;ksa ds ckotwn] nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp O;kikfjd lacaèk etcwr cus gq, gSaA phu
Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd lk>snkj gS] vkSj nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp rduhdh] vkS|ksfxd] vkSj vkÆFkd
lg;ksx egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA Hkkjr vkSj phu us dÃ oSf'od eapksa ij Hkh ,d lkFk dke fd;k
gS] tSls fczDl ¼BRICS½] fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼WTO½] vkSj 'ka?kkÃ lg;ksx laxBu ¼SCO½A nksuksa
ns'kksa ds usr`Ro us vkilh laokn ds ekè;e ls vius erHksnksa dks lqy>kus vkSj 'kkafr cuk, j[kus ds fy,
dne mBk, gSaA
Hkfo"; esa] nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp lacaèkksa dks larqfyr vkSj etcwr cukus ds fy, dwVuhfr] laokn] vkSj
lg;ksx egRoiw.kZ gksaxsA lhekÃ fooknksa ds ckotwn] nksuksa ns'kksa ds ikl vkÆFkd vkSj j.kuhfrd lg;ksx
ds O;kid volj gSa] tks vkilh lacaèkksa dks vkSj csgrj dj ldrs gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % Hkkjr vkSj phu ds chp O;kikfjd lacaèk etcwr gSaA
dkj.k ¼R½ % phu Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd lk>snkj gSA
¼[k½ Hkkjr&phu lacaèkksa ds eq[; igyw dkSu&dkSu ls gSa–

I- lhekÃ fookn
II- O;kikfjd lacaèk
III- lkaL—frd lacaèk
IV- ;q) dk leFkZu
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjr&phu lhek fookn 1- xyoku ?kkVh dh ?kVuk
II O;kikfjd lg;ksx 2- Hkkjr vkSj phu ds chp vkÆFkd lacaèk
III oSf'od eap ij lg;ksx 3- fczDl vkSj SCO ds ekè;e ls
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr&phu O;kikfjd lacaèkksa dk D;k egÙo gS\
¼³½ lhekÃ fooknksa ds ckotwn] Hkkjr vkSj phu fdl çdkj lg;ksx dj ldrs gSa\
dksf'k'k djus okyksa dh gkj ugÈ gksrh]
ygjksa ls Mjdj ukSdk ikj ugÈ gksrhA
uUgh pÈVh tc nkuk ysdj pyrh gS]
p<+rh nhokjksa ij] lkS ckj fQlyrh gSA
eu dk foÜokl jxksa esa lkgl Hkjrk gS]
p<+dj fxjuk] fxjdj p<+uk u v[kjrk gSA

vf[kj mldh esgur csdkj ugÈ gksrh]
dksf'k'k djus okyksa dh gkj ugÈ gksrhA
Mwcfd;ka Çlèkq esa xksrk[kksj yxkrk gS]
tk tkdj [kkyh gkFk ykSVdj vkrk gSA
feyrs ugÈ lgt gh eksrh xgjs ikuh esa]
c<+rk nqxuk mRlkg blh gSjkuh esaA
eqëh mldh [kkyh gj ckj ugÈ gksrh]
dksf'k'k djus okyksa dh gkj ugÈ gksrhA
&gfjoa'kjk; cPpu
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ckr ij t+ksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. vlQyrk
ii. esgur
iii. foÜokl
iv. lkgl
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us fdl çdkj ds la?k"kZ dh ckr dh gS\

I. esgur dHkh csdkj ugÈ tkrhA
II. ckj&ckj dksf'k'k djus ls lQyrk feyrh gSA
III. fcuk esgur ds dqN Hkh çkIr ugÈ gksrkA
IV. vlQyrk ls ?kcjkuk ugÈ pkfg,A
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % esgur djus ls ges'kk lQyrk feyrh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd esgur djus okyksa dh gkj dHkh ugÈ gksrhA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us fdl çdkj ls esgur vkSj foÜokl dh egÙkk crkÃ gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa lQyrk ds fy, fdruh ckj dksf'k'k djus dh lykg nh xÃ gS\

¼d½ jhM] ujdV ls cukbZ tkrh gS tks Mqejk¡o esa eq[;r% lksu unh ds fdukjksa ij ikbZ tkrh gSA ¼ljy
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ vtesj ls igys firkth bankSj esa Fks tgk¡ mudh cM+h izfr"Bk FkhA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ tSls gh mlus rkjksa dks ns[kk] oSls gh og tkuus ds fy, O;kdqy gks x;kA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr xkrs Fks] vkSj yksx muds xkuksa ls çHkkfor gks tkrs FksA ¼feJ okD; esa cnysa½
¼³½ og njckj esa ^HksaV* :i j[k fy;k tkdj îzlkn* :i esa tks mUgsa feyrk] mls ?kj ykrs vkSj mlh
ls xqt+j pykrsA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ gkynkj lkgc us iku [kk;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ d‚yst okyksa }kjk FkMZ b;j dh Dyklsa can dh xb±A ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ukxktqZu dh dforkvksa esa yksdthou dk xgjk ljksdkj çdV fd;k x;k gSA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ muds vCcktku }kjk M~;ks<+h ij 'kgukbZ ctkbZ tkrh gSA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ dr`ZokP; okys okD; esa fØ;k fdlds fyax vkSj opu ds vuqlkj gksrh gS\
¼d½ ewfrZdkj gkj ekuus okyk dykdkj ugha FkkA
¼[k½ euq"; dsoy Hkkstu djus ds fy, thfor ugha jgrk gS] cfYd og vius Hkhrj dh lw{e bPNkvksa
¼x½ mUgksaus dgk fd ;g 'kgukÃ esjs nknk dh gSA
¼?k½ ysfdu esjh ;knksa dk flyflyk 'kq: gksrk gS vtesj ds czãiqjh eksgYys lsA
¼³½ geus Hkh muds lkeus dh cFkZ ij cSBdj vkRelEeku esa vk¡[ksa pqjk yÈA
¼d½ feyk dgk¡ og lq[k ftldk eSa LoIu ns[kdj tkx x;kA
¼[k½ rIr èkjk] ty ls fQj 'khry dj nksA
¼x½ lkxj lk xaHkhj ân; gksA fxfj lk Å¡pk gks ftldk eua
¼?k½ ou 'kkjnh pfUædk&pknj vks<+sA
¼³½ nsf[k lqnkek dh nhu n'kk d#uk dfjds d#uk fufèk jks,A
[kaM&x 30
iwjh ckr rks vc irk ugÈ] ysfdu yxrk gSa fd ns'k ds vPNs ewÆrdkjksa dh tkudkjh ugÈ gksus vkSj vPNh
ewÆr dh ykxr vuqeku vkSj miyCèk ctV ls dgÈ cgqr T+;knk gksus ds dkj.k dkQh le; Ågkiksg
vkSj fpëh&i=h esa cckZn gqvk gksxk vkSj cksMZ dh 'kklukofèk lekIr gksus dh ?kfM+;ksa esa fdlh LFkkuh;
dykdkj dks gh volj nsus dk fu.kZ; fd;k gksxk vkSj var esa dLcs ds bdykSrs gkÃ Ldwy ds bdykSrs
Mªkbax ekLVj eku yhft,] eksrhyky th dks gh ;g dke lkSai fn;k gksxk] tks eghus Hkj esa ewÆr cukdj
îVd nsus* dk foÜokl fnyk jgs FksA
¼d½ dLcs esa usrkth dh ewÆr cukus dk dke fdls lkSaik x;k\
I. ns'k ds fdlh çfl) ewÆrdkj dks
II. dLcs ds LFkkuh; dykdkj dks
III. gkÃ Ldwy ds Mªkbax ekLVj eksrhyky th dks
IV. uxjikfydk ds vè;{k dks
fodYi%
dFku (A) : usrkth dh ewÆr cukus esa nsjh gqÃA
dkj.k (R) : ewÆr dh ykxr ctV ls T+;knk gksus vkSj vPNs ewÆrdkjksa dh tkudkjh u gksus ds dkj.k
nsjh gqÃA
fodYi%
¼x½ cksMZ dh 'kklukofèk lekIr gksus ds le; fdldk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k\
i. ewÆr cukus dk dke ns'k ds fdlh çfl) ewÆrdkj dks nsus dk
ii. dLcs ds fdlh LFkkuh; dykdkj dks ewÆr cukus dk
iii. ewÆr dk ctV c<+kus dk
iv. ewÆr dk dke jksdus dk
¼?k½ eksrhyky th dkSu Fks\

i. gkÃ Ldwy ds Mªkbax ekLVj
ii. uxjikfydk ds vè;{k
iii. ,d çfl) ewÆrdkj
iv. ewÆr cukus okys Bsdsnkj
I. usrkth dh ewÆr cukus dh çfØ;k
II. dLcs dh ewÆr cukus dh ykxr
III. eksrhyky th dks ewÆr cukus dk dke lkSaik tkuk
IV. ewÆr ds dke esa nsjh vkSj Ågkiksg
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikBs ds vk/kkj ij ysf[kdk ds firkth ds ldkjkRed xq.kksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
¼[k½ veh:íhu vkxs pydj fdl uke ls çfl) gq,\ muds ijnknk dkSu Fks\
¼x½ dkyZ ekDlZ us D;k LoIu ns[kk Fkk vkSj mldk thou fdl izdkj chrk\
¼?k½ ^y[kuoh vankt* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd ued&fepZ fNM+ddj fn, x, [khjs dh Qk¡dksa dks
ns[kdj ys[kd dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh\
vV ugÈ jgh gS gV ugÈ jgh gSA
vkHkk Qkxqu dh ru iÙkksa ls ynh Mky
lV ugÈ jgh gSA dgÈ gjh] dgÈ yky]
dgÈ lk¡l ysrs gks] dgÈ iM+h gS mj esa
?kj&?kj Hkj nsrs gks] ean&xaèk&iq"i&eky]
ikV&ikV 'kksHkk&Jh ij&ij dj nsrs gks]
iV ugÈ jgh gSaA vk¡[k gVkrk gw¡ rksA
¼d½ *vV ugÈ jgh gS gV ugÈ jgh gS* iafDr esa dfo fdl fLFkfr dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. Qkxqu ds lkSan;Z ds vkd"kZ.k dh vksj
ii. Qkxqu dh vfLFkjrk dh vksj
iii. Qkxqu ds var dh vksj
iv. Qkxqu ds u'ks dh vksj
¼[k½ *iÙkksa ls ynh Mky] dgÈ gjh] dgÈ yky* iafDr esa dfo fdl lkSan;Z dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
I. isM+ksa ds lkSan;Z dh vksj
II. ç—fr ds fofoèk jaxksa dh vksj
III. Qwyksa dh cgkj dh vksj
IV. iÙkksa dh rktxh dh vksj
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
iii. dFku I vkSj II lgh gSaA
dFku (A) : dfo dks Qkxqu dh vkHkk vkd"kZd yxrh gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo dks yxrk gS fd Qkxqu dk lkSan;Z mls çHkkfor ugÈ dj ldrk gSA
¼?k½ *ean&xaèk&iq"i&eky* iafDr esa fdl vksj ladsr gS\
i. Qwyksa dh e`nq xaèk dh vksj
ii. Qwyksa dh lqanjrk dh vksj
iii. iq"iksa ds fxjus dh vksj
iv. ean gok esa iq"iksa dh lqxaèk dh vksj
¼³½ *iV ugÈ jgh gSa* iafDr esa dfo fdl fLFkfr dk o.kZu dj jgk gS\
I. Qkxqu dh vfLFkjrk
II. Qkxqu ds lkSan;Z dh vfèkdrk
III. Qkxqu dk u [kRe gksus okyk vkd"kZ.k
IV. Qkxqu dk var
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ f'koth dk /kuq"k VwVus ij Øksf/kr ij'kqjke dks 'kkar djus ds fy, y{e.k us D;k dgk\ ^jke
y{e.k&ij'kqjke laokn* ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ dfo us tks lq[k dk LoIu ns[kk Fkk mls ^vkRedF;* dfork esa fdl :i esa vfHkO;Dr fd;k gS\
¼x½ dfo cPps dks ns[krs&ns[krs vk¡[ksa D;ksa Qsj ysuk pkgrs gSa\ *;g narqfjr eqLdku* ikB ds vkèkkj ij
fyf[k,A
¼?k½ *laxrdkj* dfork esa uÃ ih<+h dks cM+s&cqtqxks± dks lEeku nsus dh ckr dSls dgh gS\
¼d½ Þys[kd ds firk dk cPpksa ds lkFk [ksyuk mfpr gSaAß êkrk dk v¡py* ikB ds vk/kkj ij bl
dFku ds i{k ;k foi{k esa viuk er izLrqr dhft,A
¼[k½ Þ;a=kas dh nqfu;k us euq"; dks ;kaf=d o Hkko 'kwU; cukus dk dk;Z fd;k gS] tcfd ;k=k,¡ euq";
dks Hkko 'kwU; gksus ls jksdrh gSaAß ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM*+ ikB ds vk/kkj ij bl dFku ds i{k
;k foi{k esa viuk er nhft,A
¼x½ êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ds ys[kd us vius vkidks fgjksf'kek ds foLQksV dk HkksDrk dc vkSj fdl
rjg eglwl fd;k\

¼d½ dejrksM+ eg¡xkbZ

ladsr fcUnq %
•• c<+rh eg¡xkbZ
•• dkj.k
•• eqfDr ds mik;A
¼[k½ egkuxjksa esa efgykvksa dh lqj{kk
ladsr fcUnq %
•• egkuxjksa dh leL;k vkSj lqj{kk dh fLFkfr
•• efgykvksa dh vlqj{kk
•• dkj.k] ÁHkko vkSj lek/kkuA
¼x½ fe= dh ij[k ladV esa
ladsr fcUnq %
•• fe=rk dk egÙo
•• vPNs fe= cqjs fe= dh igpku
•• fe=rk lkSHkkX; lsA
13. ¼d½ dksfoM ds le; vkids nknk&nknh dh ns[kHkky djus okyh ulZ ds ln~O;ogkj dh iz'kalk
djrs gq, vLirky iz'kklu dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ jk"Vªifr }kjk ôhj ckyd iqjLdkj* ls lEekfur vius NksVs HkkbZ dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d c/kkbZ
i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vkidk uke xksfoUn oekZ gSA vkius vFkZ'kkL= fo"k; eas vf/kLukrd ¼iksLV xzstq,V½] dh
fMxzh izkIr dh gS rFkk jktLFkku ljdkj esa lkaf[;dh vf/kdkjh ds in ij fu;qfDr ikus
gsrq yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vius {ks= esa ,d ikdZ fodflr djus ds fy, lHkh dkWyksuhokfl;ksa dh vksj ls uxj
fuxe vf/kdkjh dks yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZesy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ fo|ky; ds okf"kZdksRlo ds volj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk fufeZr gLrdyk dh oLrqvksa dh
izn'kZuh ds izpkj gsrq yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu fyf[k,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ nwj ns'k esa cSBs vius fe= dks dksjksuk egkekjh eas viuh dq'kyrk dk yxHkx 40 'kCnksa
esa ,d lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 26
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

f'keyk] ftls *igkfM+;ksa dh jkuh* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] fgekpy çns'k dh jktèkkuh vkSj Hkkjr
ds lcls yksdfç; fgy LVs'kuksa esa ls ,d gSA f'keyk dh çk—frd lqanjrk] gjh&Hkjh ?kkfV;k¡] BaMh
tyok;q vkSj vkSifuosf'kd okLrqdyk bls i;ZVdksa ds chp csgn yksdfç; cukrh gSA fczfV'k jkt ds
le; f'keyk dks *xÆe;ksa dh jktèkkuh* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj vkt Hkh ;gk¡ dk foDVksfj;u 'kSyh
dk LFkkiR; i;ZVdksa dks vkdÆ"kr djrk gSA
f'keyk vius ,sfrgkfld LFkyksa vkSj i;ZVu LFkyksa ds fy, çfl) gSA e‚y jksM] tks f'keyk dk
eq[; cktkj gS] ;gk¡ ds çeq[k vkd"kZ.kksa esa ls ,d gSA blds vykok] tk[kw eafnj] ftlesa Hkxoku guqeku
dh fo'kky çfrek gS] vkSj ØkbLV ppZ Hkh i;ZVdksa ds vkd"kZ.k dk dsaæ gSaA f'keyk ls dqN gh nwjh ij
dqQjh vkSj pSy tSls lqanj LFky gSa] tks 'khrdkyhu [ksyksa vkSj ç—fr çsfe;ksa ds fy, vkn'kZ LFky gSaA
f'keyk dh BaMh tyok;q vkSj cQZ ls <dh igkfM+;k¡ bls lkyHkj esa ?kweus ds fy, vkn'kZ cukrh
gSa] fo'ks"k :i ls lÆn;ksa esa tc ;gk¡ cQZckjh dk utkjk ns[kus yk;d gksrk gSA f'keyk jsyos LVs'ku
Hkh dkydk&f'keyk jsyos ds fy, çfl) gS] ftls ;wusLdks dh fo'o èkjksgj LFkyksa esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k
gSA ;g jsyos VªSd viuh lqjaxksa vkSj ?kqekonkj jkLrksa ds dkj.k i;ZVdksa ds chp [kklk yksdfç; gSA
f'keyk u dsoy vius i;ZVu LFkyksa ds fy,] cfYd ;gk¡ dh 'kkafriw.kZ okrkoj.k vkSj vf}rh; çk—frd
lqanjrk ds fy, Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
dFku ¼A½ % f'keyk dks *igkfM+;ksa dh jkuh* dgk tkrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % f'keyk dh çk—frd lqanjrk vkSj BaMh tyok;q bls yksdfç; cukrh gSaA
¼[k½ f'keyk ds çeq[k vkd"kZ.k D;k gSa–
I- e‚y jksM
II- tk[kw eafnj
III- ØkbLV ppZ
IV- foDVksfj;k eseksfj;y
fodYi–
¼x½ uhps fn, gq, LFkkuksa dks muds vkd"kZ.k ls feykb,%
dkWye 1 ¼LFkku½ dkWye 2 ¼vkd"kZ.k½
I dqQjh 1- 'khrdkyhu [ksy
II dkydk&f'keyk jsyos 2- ;wusLdks fo'o èkjksgj LFky
III e‚y jksM 3- f'keyk dk çeq[k cktkj
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ f'keyk dk ,sfrgkfld egRo D;k gS\
¼³½ f'keyk esa i;ZVdksa ds fy, çeq[k vkd"kZ.k LFky dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\

tyrs nhid ls lh[kk]
rwQ+kuksa ls yM+k ugÈ tkrkA
tc rd cq>rk ugÈ]
çdk'k dh fdj.ksa fc[ksjrk gSA
gj vaèkdkj dks phjdj]
viuh jks'kuh QSykrk gSA
flQ+Z jkS'kuh gh ugÈ]

èkS;Z vkSj 'kfä Hkh nsrk gSA
rwQ+ku vk,axs] vkSj mUgsa tkuk Hkh gksxk]
rw tyrk jg] D;ksafd ;gh thou dk lkj gSA
vkvks ge lc nhid cusa]
vaèkdkj dks nwj Hkxk,¡]
vkSj bl thou ds la?k"kZ esa]
viuh jks'kuh ls vkxs c<+rs jgsaA
rwQ+kuksa ls ?kcjkdj cq>uk ugÈ]
cfYd muds lkFk la?k"kZ djuk gSA
&lw;Zdkar f=ikBh *fujkyk*
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa nhid ls D;k fl[kus dh ckr dgh xÃ gS\
i. tyuk
ii. çdk'k QSykuk
iii. èkS;Z j[kuk
iv. la?k"kZ djuk
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa nhid ds fdu xq.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
I. nhid ges'kk vaèkdkj dks nwj djrk gSA
II. nhid èkS;Z vkSj 'kfä dk çrhd gSA
III. nhid rwQ+kuksa ls yM+rk gSA
IV. nhid la?k"kZ ls gkj eku ysrk gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % nhid vaèkdkj ls gkj tkrk gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd nhid dk mís'; vaèkdkj dks QSykuk gksrk gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us nhid dh fdl fo'ks"krk dks la?k"kZ ds çrhd ds :i esa n'kkZ;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa rwQ+kuksa dk thou ds la?k"kZ ls D;k lacaèk crk;k x;k gS\

¼d½ isV Hkjk vkSj ru <¡dk gksus ij Hkh ,slk ekuo tks okLro esa laLÑr gS] fuBYyk ugha cSB ldrkA
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr gj o"kZ xaxk&Luku ds fy, tkdj lar&lekxe esa Hkkx ysrs FksA ¼la;qDr okD;
esa cnfy,½
¼x½ tc firkth dk vkÆFkd >Vdk yxk] rc mudk LoHkko cny x;kA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj
¼?k½ gkynkj lkgc dks m/kj ls xqtjrs le; ewfrZ esa dqN varj fn[kkbZ fn;kA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ jlwyu vkSj crwyu tc xkrh gSa rc veh#n~nhu dks [kq'kh feyrh gSA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD;
dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ gkynkj lkgc us p'esokys dh ns'kHkfDr dk lEeku fd;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ t;'kadj çlkn }kjk LoaQnxqIr ukVd dk ys[ku fd;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ fl)kFkZ us ekuork dh HkykÃ ds fy, viuk ?kj NksM+kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ laxhr dh lw{e le> ls dfork dks xfr nh xÃA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ tc fØ;k f}deZd gksrh gS] rks deZokP; cukrs le; fØ;k ds fyax] opu] iq#"k fdlds vuqlkj
fy[ks tkrs gSa\
¼d½ 'kkck'k! rqeus cgqr vPNk dke fd;kA
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr e¡>ksys dn ds xksjs&fpV~Vs vkneh FksA
¼x½ dk'kh esa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d çkphu ,oa vn~Hkqr ijaijk gSA
¼?k½ cgl djuk firkth dk fç; 'kxy FkkA
¼³½ ;g gS [kkunkuh rgt+hc] uQ+klr vkSj ut+kdr!
¼d½ vjs f[kyf[kyk dj g¡lrs gksus okyh mu ckrksa dhA
¼[k½ cky dYiuk ds&ls ikysA
¼x½ ukf;dk ds pj.kksa dh lekurk çkIr djus ds fy, dey ty esa ri jgk gSA
¼?k½ gSa els Hkhxrh xsgw¡ dh r#.kkÃ QwVh vkrh gSA
¼³½ pkgfr gqrÈ xqgkfj ftrsg rSa] mr rSa èkkj cghA
[kaM&x 30
[ksrh ckjh djrs] ifjokj j[krs Hkh] ckyxksfcu Hkxr lkèkq Fks& lkèkq dh lc ifjHkk"kkvksa esa [kjs mrjus
okysA dchj dks ^lkgc* ekurs Fks] mUgh ds xhrksa dks xkrs] mUgh ds vkns'kksa ij pyrsA dHkh >wB ugÈ
cksyrs] [kjk O;ogkj j[krsA fdlh ls Hkh nks Vwd ckr djus esa ladksp ugÈ djrs] u fdlh ls [kke[kk
>xM+k eksy ysrsA fdlh dh pht ugÈ Nwrs] u fcuk iwNs O;ogkj esa ykrsA bl fu;e dks dHkh&dHkh
bruh ckjhdh rd ys tkrs fd yksxks dks dqrwgy gksrkA dHkh og nwljs ds [ksr esa 'kkSp ds fy, Hkh
ugÈ cSBrsA og x`gLFk Fks] ysfdu mudh lc pht ^lkgc* dh FkhA tks dqN [ksr esa iSnk gksrk] flj ij
ykndj igys ml lkgc ds njckj esa ys tkrs& tks muds ?kj ls pkj dksl nwjh ij Fkk& ,d dchjiaFkh
eB ls eryc! og njckj esa ^HksaV* :i j[k fy;k tkdj ^çlkn* :i esa tks mUgsa feyrk] mls ?kj ykrs
vkSj mlh ls xqtj pykrsA
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr fdls *lkgc* ekurs Fks\
I. dchj
II. xq# ukud
III. rqylhnkl
IV. lar jSnkl
fodYi%
i. dsoy dFku I lgh gSA
iv. dsoy dFku IV lgh gSA
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr dHkh >wB ugÈ cksyrs FksA
dkj.k (R) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr [kjk O;ogkj j[krs Fks vkSj dchj ds vkns'kksa ij pyrs FksA
fodYi%
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk [ksrh esa mitk;k gqvk lkeku dgk¡ ys tk;k tkrk Fkk\
i. cktkj esa cspus ds fy,
ii. lkgc ds njckj esa HksaV ds :i esa
iii. vius xq# ds vkJe esa
iv. vius ifjokj ds fy, ?kj
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh fdl vknr ls yksxksa dks dqrwgy gksrk Fkk\
i. og dHkh >wB ugÈ cksyrs FksA
ii. og nwljs ds [ksr esa 'kkSp ds fy, Hkh ugÈ cSBrs FksA
iii. og fcuk iwNs fdlh dh pht+ ugÈ Nwrs FksA
iv. og gj pht+ lkgc dks HksaV djrs FksA
I. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk lkèkq thou vkSj muds fu;e
II. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh èkkÆed vkLFkk
III. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk x`gLFk thou
IV. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh lekt esa ekU;rk
fodYi%
¼d½ veh#íhu ds ekekvksa dh çflf) dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\
¼[k½ ;fn gkynkj lkgc dks dSIVu dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ ewfrZ ij p'ek yxk ugha feyrk] rks muds eu
esa fdl izdkj dk Hkko vkrk \ ûsrkth dk p'ek* ikB ds vk/kkj ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ ys[kd us eq¡g esa ikuh vkus ij Hkh [khjk [kkus ls badkj D;ksa fd;k\
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa laLÑfr dk fdrus rjg dk c¡Vokjk ekStwn gS\
;g rkS ^lwj* fruÇg yS lkSaikS] ftuds eu pdjhA
¼d½ *gekjSa gfj gkfjy dh ydjh* iafDr esa dfo fdl Hkkouk dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. gfj ds çfr xgjs çse dh vksj
ii. gfj ds çfr mnklhurk dh vksj
iii. gfj ds leiZ.k dh vksj
iv. gfj ds fcNM+us dh ihM+k dh vksj
¼[k½ *tkxr lksor LoIu fnol&fufl] dkUg&dkUg td jh* iafDr esa dfo dh dkSu lh fLFkfr çdV gks jgh gS\
I. dkUgk ds çse esa Mwcuk
II. dkUgk ds fcuk thou dfBu gksuk
III. dkUgk ds çfr rhoz HkfDr
IV. dkUgk ds çfr eksgHkax
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : dfo dk ân; gfj ds çse ls papy gks x;k gSA
dkj.k (R) : dfo gfj ds fcuk pSu ls ugÈ jg ikrk gS vkSj mldk eu v'kkar gks tkrk gSA
¼?k½ *lq rkS C;kfèk gedkSa yS vk,* iafDr esa dfo fdl d"V dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS\
i. 'kkjhfjd ihM+k
ii. ekufld O;Fkk
iii. çse dh ihM+k
iv. vkè;kfRed ihM+k
¼³½ *ftuds eu pdjh* iafDr esa *pdjh* fdldk çrhd gS\
I. papy eu dk
II. fLFkj eu dk
III. foosdghu eu dk
IV. vfLFkj vkSj mFkys eu dk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^NksVs ls thou dh cM+h dFkk,¡* fdl rF; dh vksj ladsr djrh gSa\ ^vkRedF;* dfork ds vk/kkj
ij Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ y{e.k us ohj ;ks)k dh D;k&D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ crkbZ gSa\ ^jke&y{e.k&ij'kqjke laokn* ds vk/kkj ij
crkb,A
¼x½ ljxe dks yk¡?kus dk vk'k; *laxrdkdj* dfork ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼?k½ Ñ".k HkfDr dk egÙo crkus ds fy, fdu&fdu izrhdksa dk iz;kssx fd;k x;k gS\
¼d½ ekrk dk v¡py* uked ikB esa ys[kd ds rRdkyhu lekt ds ikfjokfjd ifjos'k dk tks fp=.k
fd;k gS] mls vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
¼[k½ igkM+h cPpksa vkSj egkuxjh; cPpksa dh thou&'kSyh esa vkidks D;k fHkUurk fn[kkÃ nsrh gS\ ^lkuk
lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB ds vkèkkj ij fyf[k,A
¼x½ orZeku le; esa foKku dk nq#i;ksx fnu&Áfrfnu c<+rk tk jgk gSA blds dkj.k cgqr&lh
leL;kvksa us tUe ys fy;k gSA êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ikB ds vk/kkj ij bu leL;kvksa dk mYys[k
dhft,A

¼d½ ,drk dh 'kfDr

ladsr fcanq %
•• ,drk dk vFkZ
•• ,drk ls YkkHk
•• ,drk dh 'kfDr ds mnkgj.k
•• ,drk dh deh ls gksus okyh gkfu;k¡
¼[k½ le; dk lnqi;ksx
ladsr fcanq %
•• le; dk egÙo
•• le; ds lnqi;ksx ls thou esa lQyrk
•• blds ykHk
•• ladYi
¼x½ uksVcanh % jk"Vªfgr dh vksj ,d cM+k dne
ladsr fcanq %
•• uksVcanh dh ?kks"k.kk
•• jk"Vªfgr ds fy, ns'k dh turk dk tcjnLr leFkZu
•• dkys/ku ij iSuk okj
13. ¼d½ vius {ks= esa c<+rh pksjh vkSj >iVekjh dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, ^tulÙkk* nSfud
lekpkj&i= ds laiknd dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fe= dks MdSrksa dk cgknqjh ls lkeuk djus ds fy, jk"Vªifr }kjk ôhjrk iqjLdkj*
ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA vki mldh cgknqjh dh iz'kalk djrs gq, mls yxHkx 100
'kCnksa esa c/kkbZ i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vki js[kk ;kno gSaA vki ch-,M- dj pqdh gSa] vkidks egkohj Ldwy ekuljksoj esa fganh
v/;kfidk in ds fy, vkosnu djuk gSA blds fy, vki yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d laf{kIr
Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fctyh ds fcy esa vf/kd jkf'k vkbZ gS] tks fiNys eghuksa ls cgqr vf/kd gSA blds
fy, dk;Zikyd vfHk;ark dks fctyh ds fcy laca/kh f'kdk;r djus ds fy, yxHkx 80
'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ uk[kwuksa dh lqanjrk c<+kus ds fy, usyikWfy'k dk foKkiu yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj
dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ j{kk&ca/ku ioZ dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsrs gq, vius HkkbZ dks yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 27
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk fo'o dh lcls rsth ls c<+rh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g vFkZO;oLFkk —f"k]
m|ksx vkSj lsok {ks= ij vkèkkfjr gSA Lora=rk ds ckn ls Hkkjr us vkÆFkd fodkl ds dÃ egRoiw.kZ
pj.k ns[ks gSa] ftuesa gfjr Økafr] mnkjhdj.k vkSj fMftVy vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj c<+uk 'kkfey gSA
vkt] Hkkjr oSf'od Lrj ij ,d çeq[k vkÆFkd 'kfä ds :i esa mHkj jgk gSA 1991 ds vkÆFkd lqèkkjksa
ds ckn ls] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us rst+h ls çxfr dh gS] ftlus mls oSf'od O;kikj vkSj fuos'k ds fy,
,d vkd"kZd xarO; cuk fn;k gSA
Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk eq[; vkèkkj —f"k gS] ftlesa ns'k dh vfèkdka'k tula[;k vkthfodk ds
fy, fuHkZj gSA gkykafd] lsok {ks= vkSj m|ksx Hkh Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsrs gSaA
vkÃVh vkSj l‚¶Vos;j lsok,¡] cSaÇdx] foÙk] vkSj nwjlapkj tSls {ks=ksa esa Hkkjr dk fo'oHkj esa ,d egRoiw.kZ
LFkku gSA blds vykok] Hkkjr ljdkj us *esd bu bafM;k*] *LVkVZvi bafM;k* vkSj *fMftVy bafM;k*
tSlh ;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls m|ksx vkSj uokpkj dks c<+kok fn;k gSA
gkyk¡fd] Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks vHkh Hkh dÃ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA csjkstxkjh]
xjhch] vkSj vlekurk tSlh leL;k,¡ ns'k ds fodkl esa ckèkd gSaA blds vykok] c<+rh tula[;k vkSj
lalkèkuksa dh deh Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk ij ncko Mkyrh gSaA fQj Hkh] Hkkjr dh vkÆFkd laHkkouk,¡ fo'kky gSa]
vkSj ljdkj }kjk fd, x, lqèkkj vkSj uhfr;k¡ ns'k dks vkxs c<+us esa lgk;rk dj jgh gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk fo'o dh lcls rsth ls c<+rh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa ls ,d gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % Hkkjr us 1991 ds vkÆFkd lqèkkjksa ds ckn oSf'od O;kikj esa rsth ls çxfr dh gSA
¼[k½ Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vFkZO;oLFkk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, 'kq: dh xÃ çeq[k ;kstuk,¡ dkSu&dkSu lh gS–a
I- esd bu bafM;k
II- fMftVy bafM;k
III- —f"k lqèkkj ;kstuk
IV- LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjr dh çeq[k ;kstuk 1- esd bu bafM;k
II Hkkjr dk eq[; vkÆFkd {ks= 2- lsok {ks=
III 1991 esa vkÆFkd lqèkkj 3- mnkjhdj.k
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl esa *esd bu bafM;k* vkSj *fMftVy bafM;k* tSlh ;kstukvksa dh D;k
Hkwfedk gS\
¼³½ Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds lkeus dkSu&dkSu lh çeq[k pqukSfr;k¡ gSa\

thou ds gj eksM+ ij]
la?k"kks± ls lkeuk gksrk gSA
gj jkg dfBu] gj dne Hkkjh]
fQj Hkh vkxs c<+uk gksrk gSA
u gkj ekuks] u >qdks dHkh]
;g thou dh iqdkj gSA

gj Bksdj fl[kkrh gS]
gj vk¡èkh jkg fn[kkrh gSA
lius vèkwjs u jg tk,¡]
bldk è;ku ges'kk j[kuk gSA
èkS;Z j[kks] lkgl j[kks]
thou esa ;gh gekjh rkdr gSA
vkvks feydj ladYi ysa]
gj dfBukÃ dks ikj djsaxs]
thou dh bl ;k=k esa]
ge lQyrk dk nhi tyk,¡xsA
&jkeèkkjh Çlg *fnudj*
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ckr ij tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. èkS;Z
ii. fot;
iii. gkj
iv. liuk
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou ds fdu igyqvksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS\
I. thou esa dfBukb;k¡ vkSj la?k"kZ vkrs gSaA
II. gj Bksdj gesa dqN u;k fl[kkrh gSA
III. thou esa èkS;Z vkSj lkgl dh t:jr gSA
IV. vlQyrk ls gesa Mjuk pkfg,A
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % thou dh jkg dfBu gksrh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd thou esa lQyrk dk nhi tykuk lcls cM+h pqukSrh gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou dh dfBukb;ksa dks fdl çdkj fpf=r fd;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us èkS;Z vkSj lkgl dks fdl :i esa ns[kk gS\

¼d½ [kqnkc['k ;gh jgrk Fkk] tks [kk¡ lkgc dk fe= gSA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ pkSjkgk vkus ij vk¡[ksa ewfrZ dh vksj mB xbZaA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ tc euq"; us vkx dh [kkst dh] rc mldh lH;rk dk fodkl gqvkA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj
¼?k½ eUuw th dh lkfgfR;d miyfC/k;ksa ds fy, mUgsa vusd iqjLdkj izkIr gks pqds gSaA ¼feJ okD; esa
cnfy,½
¼³½ gkynkj lkgc Hkkoqd gS tks bruh&lh ckr ij mudh vk¡[ksa Hkj vkbZA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD;
dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ uokc lkgc us gekjh vksj ns[kdj dgk fd [khjk ytht gksrk gSA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ Nk=ksa }kjk gM+rky djokÃ xÃA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ U;wVu us xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds fl)kar dh [kkst dhA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ jlksbZ dks os HkkfV;kj[kkuk dgrs FksA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ ftl okD; esa deZ dh çèkkurk gksrh gS] mls dkSu&lk okP; dgrs gSa\
¼d½ ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rkt+s+ [khjs dh ifu;krh Qk¡ds ns[kdj eq¡g esa ikuh [kwc vk jgk
¼[k½ euq"; dsoy Hkkstu djus ds fy, thfor ugha jgrk gS cfYd og vius Hkhrj dh lw{e bPNkvksa
¼x½ ckykth dk eafnj lcls Åij vkrk gSA
¼?k½ firkth dk vkxzg jgrk Fkk fd eSa jlksÃ ls nwj gh jgw¡A
¼³½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr viuh [k¡tM+h ysdj cSB tkrsA
¼d½ ^lwjnkl* vc èkhj èkjSa D;kSa] ejtknk u yghA
¼[k½ vc bu tksx l¡nslfu lqfu&lqfu] fcjfgfu fcjg nghA
¼x½ lglckgq le lks fjiq eksjkA
¼?k½ lhou dks mèksM+ dj ns[kksxs] D;ksa esjh oaFkk dhA
¼³½ otz fNik] uwru dfork fQj Hkj nksA
[kaM&x 30
gkynkj lkgc dks vknr iM+ xÃ] gj ckj dLcs ls xqtjrs le; pkSjkgs ij #duk] iku [kkuk vkSj ewÆr
dks è;ku ls ns[kukA ,d ckj tc dkSrwgy nqnZeuh; gks mBk rks iku okys ls gh iwN fy;k] ÞD;ksa HkÃ!
D;k ckr gS\ ;g rqEgkjs usrkth dk p'ek gj ckj cny dSls tkrk gS\ß iku okys us [kqn ds eq¡g esa
iku Bw¡lk gqvk FkkA og ,d dkyk] eksVk vkSj [kq'kfetkt vkneh FkkA gkynkj lkgc dk ç'u lqudj
og vk¡[kksa&gh&vk¡[kksa esa g¡lkA mldh rksan fFkjdhA ihNs ?kwedj mlus nqdku ds uhps iku Fkwdk vkSj
viuh yky&dkyh cÙkhlh fn[kkdj cksyk] ÞdSIVu p'esokyk djrk gSAß
ÞD;k djrk gS\ß gkynkj lkgc dqN le> ugÈ ik,A Þp'ek psat dj nsrk gS\ß gkynkj lkgc vc Hkh
ugÈ le> ik,A ÞdksÃ xzkgd vk x;k le>ksaA mlds pkSM+s pkS[kj pkfg, rks dSIVu fdnj ls yk,xk\
rks mldh ewÆr okyk ns fn;kA mèkj nwljk fcBk fn;kAß
¼d½ usrkth dh ewÆr dk p'ek gj ckj D;ksa cny tkrk Fkk\
I. ewÆr dk p'ek ckj&ckj pksjh gks tkrk FkkA
II. dSIVu p'esokyk ewÆr dk p'ek cny nsrk FkkA
III. p'ek iqjkuk gks tkrk FkkA
IV. usrkth dh ewÆr dks u;k p'ek yxkus dh ijaijk FkhA
fodYi%
ii. dFku II lgh gSA
dFku (A) : ikuokys us usrkth dh ewÆr dk p'ek cnyus dh ckr Lohdkj dhA
dkj.k (R) : ikuokys dk dSIVu p'esokyk ewÆr ij yxk;k p'ek xzkgdksa dh ek¡x ij cny nsrk FkkA
fodYi%
¼x½ ikuokyk dSlk O;fDr Fkk\
i. nqcyk&iryk vkSj xaHkhj
ii. dkyk] eksVk vkSj [kq'kfetkt
iii. yack vkSj xqLlSy
iv. eksVk vkSj xaHkhj
¼?k½ gkynkj lkgc dks fdl ckr dk dkSrwgy gqvk\

i. usrkth dh ewÆr ij ckj&ckj p'ek cnyus dh
ii. ikuokys ds O;ogkj dh
iii. ewÆr cukus ds rjhds dh
iv. dLcs ds pkSjkgs dh lqanjrk dh
I. ewÆr ij p'ek cnyus dh çfØ;k
II. ikuokys vkSj dSIVu p'esokys dh dgkuh
III. usrkth dh ewÆr dh ns[kHkky
IV. gkynkj lkgc dh ewÆr dks ysdj ftKklk
fodYi%
¼d½ ^y[kuoh vankt+* ikB ds ys[kd ftl fMCcs esa p<+s og dSlk Fkk ,oa mlesa dkSu lTtu cSBs gq,
Fks\ ys[kd dks mUgsa ns[kdj vius fo"k; esa dSlk vkHkkl gqvk Fkk\
¼[k½ tc jxksa esa ygw dh txg ykok cgrk gks esa ykok D;k Fkk\ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikB ds vkèkkj
ij crkb,A
¼x½ ûkScr[kkus esa bcknr* ikB esa dk'kh dk dkSu&lk :i vyx gS\
¼?k½ ^laLÑfr* fuca/k ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft, fd laLÑfr ,d vfoHkkT; OkLrq gSA
iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[kko dqBk:A pgr mM+kou Qw¡fd igk:AA
bgk¡ dqEgM+cfrvk dksm ukÇgA ts rjtfu nsf[k efj tkgÈAA
nsf[k dqBk: ljklu ckukA eSa dNq dgk lfgr vfHkekukAA
Hk`xlqr leqf> tusm fcyksdhA tks dNq dggq lgkSa fjl jksdhAA
cèksa ikiq vidhjfr gkjsaA ekjrgw¡ ik ifjv rqEgkjsaA
tks fcyksfd vuqfpr dgsm¡ Negq egkeqfu èkhjA
lqfu ljks"k Hk`xcalefu cksys fxjk xaHkhjAA
¼d½ *fcgfl y[kuq cksys e`nq ckuh* iafDr esa y{e.k fdl Hkko ls ij'kqjke ls ckr dj jgs gSa\
i. O;aX; Hkko ls
ii. fouezrk ls
iii. xqLls esa
iv. etkd esa
¼[k½ *iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[kko dqBk:] pgr mM+kou Qw¡fd igk:* iafDr esa y{e.k fdldk ladsr ns jgs gSa\
I. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dk
II. ij'kqjke ds ;q) dkS'ky dk
III. ij'kqjke dh èkedh dk
IV. ij'kqjke dh ohjrk dk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : y{e.k ij'kqjke ls Mj x, FksA
dkj.k (R) : y{e.k dks ij'kqjke dh 'kfDr vkSj Øksèk dk lkeuk djus dk Hk; FkkA
¼?k½ *bgk¡ dqEgM+cfrvk dksm ukÇg* iafDr esa y{e.k fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgs gSa\
i. ;gk¡ dksÃ detksj ugÈ gS
ii. ;gk¡ dksÃ ew[kZ ugÈ gS
iii. ;gk¡ dksÃ Mjiksd ugÈ gS
iv. ;gk¡ dksÃ vleFkZ ugÈ gS
¼³½ *cèksa ikiq vidhjfr gkjsa* iafDr esa y{e.k dk D;k vFkZ gS\
I. iki vkSj vidhÆr ls ijkftr gksuk
II. ij'kqjke dh vidhÆr ls Mjuk
III. ;q) esa gkjus dk Mj
IV. iki vkSj vidhÆr ls yM+uk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ^mRlkg* 'kh"kZd dfork esa yfyr dYiuk vkSj Økafr&psruk nksuksa gSa] dSls\ le>kdj fyf[k,A
¼[k½ vkRedFkk lqukus ds lanHkZ esa *vHkh le; Hkh ugha* dfo ,slk D;ksa dgrk gS\
¼x½ ^Qly* dfork gesa miHkksDrk&laL—fr ds nkSj esa —f"k&laL—fr ds fudV ys tkrh gSA Li"V dh-
ft,A
¼?k½ dfo us eq[; xk;d ds cpiu dh ckr fdl :i esa O;ä dh gS\ ^laxrdkj* dfork ds vkèkkj
ij fyf[k,A
¼d½ HkksykukFk ek¡ ds lkFk fdruk ukrk j[krk Fkk\ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k,A
¼[k½ cq) èkeZ ds vuq;kf;;ksa dh ÃÜoj ds çfr vkfLrdrk ds dkSu ls dkj.k le> esa vkrs gSa\ bu
xfrfofèk;ksa ls gekjs eu esa dSls Hkko mRiUu gksrs gSa vkSj gesa D;k çsj.kk feyrh gS\
(J) ys[kd dh vkH;Urj foo'krk D;k gksrh gS\ êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ikB ds vkyksd esa mÙkj nhft,A

¼d½ nqyZHk gksrk gS vPNk fe=

ladsr fcUnq %
•• vPNk fe= dkSu\
•• D;ksa gksrk gS nqyZHk\
•• dSls djsa pquko\
¼[k½ vk/kqfud f'k{kk vkSj jkstxkj
ladsr fcUnq %
•• f'k{kk dk O;kolk;hdj.k
•• jkstxkj ds volj
•• uSfrd ewY;
¼x½ jk"Vª/ot
ladsr fcUnq %
•• Lo:i
•• jk"Vªh; thou esa egÙo
•• bldk lEeku
13. ¼d½ fdlh nSfud lekpkj&i= ds lEiknd dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fy[kdj 'kgj
esa c<+rh vlqj{kk ij ys[k Nkius dk vuqjks/k dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vkids NksVs HkkbZ dks i<+kbZ ds lkFk&lkFk pyus okyh vfrfjDr xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkkx ysus esa
#fp ugha gSA mls yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= }kjk ,slh xfrfof/k;ksa ds ykHk crkrs
gq, muesa Hkkx ysus ds fy, Ásfjr djsaA
14. ¼d½ vki dqynhi flag gSAa vkidks vkn'kZ dU;k fo|ky;] ckxs'oj esa fyfid ds fjDr in ds fy,
vkosnu djuk gSA bl ds fy, yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ fo|ky; esa nloha d{kk dh ijh{kk ls iwoZ v/;kiu dh vPNh O;oLFkk djkus ds fy,
iz/kkukpk;Z dks ÑrKrk O;DRk djrs gq, bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ gks.Mk eksVlZ ds eSustj dks nks ys[kkdkjksa dh vko';drk gS ftUgsa 5 o"kZ dk vuqHko gksA
yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vius fe= dks nhikoyh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nsus ds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d 'kqHkd-
keuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 28
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

paæ;ku Hkkjr ds varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBu ¼bljks½ }kjk lapkfyr ,d çeq[k varfj{k fe'ku gSA bldk
mís'; paæek dk vè;;u djuk vkSj ogk¡ dh lrg ls lacafèkr egRoiw.kZ tkudkfj;k¡ ,df=r djuk gSA
paæ;ku&1] 22 vDVwcj 2008 dks y‚Up fd;k x;k FkkA ;g Hkkjr dk igyk paæ fe'ku Fkk] ftlus paæek
dh lrg ij ikuh ds v.kqvksa dh mifLFkfr dh iqf"V dhA bl fe'ku us paæek dh d{kk esa lQyrkiwoZd
ços'k fd;k vkSj dÃ egRoiw.kZ vkadM+s çnku fd,A
blds ckn] bljks us paæ;ku&2 fe'ku dh 'kq#vkr dh] ftls 22 tqykÃ 2019 dks y‚Up fd;k
x;kA bl fe'ku dk mís'; paæek ds nf{k.kh èkzqo ij l‚¶V ySaÇMx djuk FkkA gkyk¡fd] foØe ySaMj
dh ySaÇMx esa dqN dfBukb;k¡ vkb±] ysfdu v‚ÆcVj us lQyrkiwoZd MsVk HkstkA ;g fe'ku Hkkjr ds
varfj{k dk;ZØe ds fy, ,d uÃ fn'kk esa c<+us dk egRoiw.kZ dne FkkA
blds ckn 14 tqykÃ 2023 dks paæ;ku&3 fe'ku y‚Up fd;k x;kA bl fe'ku esa foØe ySaMj us
lQyrkiwoZd paæek ds nf{k.kh èkzqo ij l‚¶V ySaÇMx dh] ftlls ;g Hkkjr ds fy, ,d ,sfrgkfld
miyfCèk cuhA bl fe'ku us paæek dh lrg ds ckjs esa vkSj vfèkd oSKkfud tkudkjh çnku dh vkSj
Hkkjr dks paæ vuqlaèkku esa vxz.kh ns'kksa esa LFkku fnyk;kA
Hkkjr dk paæ;ku fe'ku u dsoy rduhdh –f"V ls] cfYd oSKkfud –f"V ls Hkh ,d cM+h miyfCèk
gSA ;g Hkfo"; esa paæek ij vuqlaèkku vkSj fe'kuksa ds fy, ,d etcwr vkèkkj çnku djrk gSA
dFku ¼A½% paæ;ku&1 us paæek ij ikuh dh mifLFkfr dh iqf"V dhA
dkj.k ¼R½% paæ;ku&1 us paæek dh lrg ls egRoiw.kZ tkudkfj;k¡ ,df=r dÈA
¼[k½ paæ;ku fe'ku ds mís'; D;k gSa–

I- paæek dh lrg dk vè;;u
II- paæek ds nf{k.kh èkzqo ij l‚¶V ySaÇMx
III- paæek ij ikuh dh [kkst
fodYi –
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I paæ;ku&1 1- paæek ij ikuh dh mifLFkfr dh iqf"V
II paæ;ku&2 2- paæek ds nf{k.kh èkzqo ij l‚¶V ySaÇMx dk ç;kl
III paæ;ku&3 3- paæek dh lrg ij lQyrkiwoZd mrjuk
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ paæ;ku&1 dh çeq[k miyfCèk;k¡ D;k FkÈ\
¼³½ paæ;ku&3 fe'ku dh lQyrk Hkkjr ds fy, D;ksa egRoiw.kZ Fkh\
ge c<+rs jgs] pkgs jkg esa fdrus gh dkaVs gksa]
ge u #dsaxs] pkgs fdruh Hkh Bksdjsa D;ksa u gksaA
thou dk ;g la?k"kZ gesa ges'kk vkxs c<+krk gS]
gj nnZ gesa ,d uÃ lh[k fl[kkrk gSA
vk¡fèk;k¡ vkb±] rwQku Hkh vk;k]
geus vius lkgl ls lcdks gjk;kA
;g la?k"kZ gh gekjh lcls cM+h rkdr gS]

blls gesa eafty dk jkLrk feyrk gSA
tks fxjdj mBrs gSa] ogh lQyrk ikrs gSa]
tks Fkd dj #drs gSa] os eafty ls nwj jg tkrs gSaA
la?k"kZ dh bl jkg ij]
gj dne gekjs thou dks laokjrk gSA
pyrs jgks] u >qdks]
D;ksafd ;gh thou dk ewy ea= gSA
;g la?k"kZ gh gesa lQyrk dh vksj ys tk,xk]
;gh gesa gekjs liuksa rd igq¡pk,xkA
&lksguyky f}osnh
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ckr ij lcls vfèkd tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. Bksdjsa
ii. thr
iii. la?k"kZ
iv. gkj
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us la?k"kZ ds fdu igyqvksa ij çdk'k Mkyk gS\
I. Bksdjsa gesa uÃ lh[k nsrh gSaA
II. la?k"kZ gekjh lcls cM+h rkdr gSA
III. thou esa #d tkuk vlQyrk dh fu'kkuh gSA
IV. thou dk la?k"kZ gesa fot; dk ekxZ fn[kkrk gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % la?k"kZ dk lkeuk djus ls thou esa Bksdjsa ugÈ yxrÈA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd Bksdjsa thou dk lcls cM+k f'k{kd gSaA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou ds la?k"kZ dks fdl :i esa fpf=r fd;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us Bksdjksa ls fdl çdkj dh f'k{kk feyus dh ckr dgh gS\

¼d½ uokc lkgc us tsc ls pkdw fudkyk vkSj [khjk dkVus yxsA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ 'kgukbZ ds blh eaxy/ofu ds uk;d fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc vLlh cjl ls lqj ek¡x jgs gSaA ¼la;qDr
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ tgk¡ lH;rk dk fodkl gqvk] ogk¡ laL—fr dk Hkh fodkl gqvkA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk
Hksn Hkh fyf[k,½
¼?k½ firkth dk O;ogkj dHkh&dHkh cPpksa ij Hkh vlj Mkyrk FkkA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ usrkth dh vk¡[kksa ij p'ek ugha FkkA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ lkr lqjksa dks ;g xtc dh fofo/krk ds lkFk izLrqr djrh gSA ¼deZokP; esas cnfy,½
¼[k½ ukxktqZu }kjk jktuSfrd LokFkZ vkSj lekt dh iru'khyrk ij O;aX; fd;k x;kA ¼dr`ZokP; esa
cnfy,½
¼x½ vkx dk vkfo"dkj fdlh O;fä us fd;kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ dLcs ds bdykSrs gkbZ Ldwy ds Mªkbax ekLVj dks ;g dke lkSai fn;k x;k gksxkA ¼okP; igpkudj
Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ ftl okD; esa fØ;k dk lacaèk drkZ ls gks] mls dkSu&lk okP; dgrs gSa\
¼d½ e/kqj xkus rks lnk gh lquus dks feyrsA
¼[k½ og mls nh xbZA
¼x½ ;g jkLrk jlwyuckÃ vkSj crwyuckÃ ds ;gk¡ ls gksdj tkrk gSA
¼?k½ ge lc HkkÃ&cguksa ds lkFk jgrh FkÈ gekjh csi<+h&fy[kh O;fDrRofoghu ek¡A
¼³½ uokc lkgc us fQj ,d ckj gekjh vksj ns[k fy;kA
¼d½ gfj gSa jktuhfr if<+ vk,A
¼[k½ fody fody] mUeu Fks mUeuA
¼x½ gfj in dksey deyA
¼?k½ ns[k yks lkdsr uxjh gS ;ghA LoxZ ls feyus xxu esa tk jghA
¼³½ ys pyk lkFk eSa rq>s dudA T;ksa fHk{kqd ysdj Lo.kZAA
[kaM&x 30
vklk<+ dh fjef>e gSA lewpk xk¡o [ksrksa esa mrj iM+k gSA dgÈ gy py jgs gSa] dgÈ jksiuh gks jgh
gSA èkku ds ikuh&Hkjs [ksrksa esa cPps mNy jgs gSaA vkSjrsa dysok ysdj esaM+ ij cSBh gSaA vkleku ckny
ls f?kjk( èkwi dk uke ugÈA BaMh iqjokÃ py jgh gSA ,sls gh le; vkids dkuksa esa ,d Loj&rjax
>adkj&lh dj mBhA ;g D;k gS&;g dkSu gS! ;g iwNuk u iM+sxkA ckyxksfcu Hkxr lewpk 'kjhj
dhpM+ esa fyFkM+s] vius [ksr esa jksiuh dj jgs gSaA mudh v¡xqyh ,d&,d èkku ds ikSèks dks] iafDrc)]
[ksr esa fcBk jgh gSA mudk daB ,d&,d 'kCn dks laxhr ds thus ij p<+kdj dqN dks Åij LoxZ dh
vksj Hkst jgk gS vkSj dqN dks bl i`Foh dh feêh ij [kM+s yksxksa ds dkuksa dh vksj! cPps [ksyrs gq,
>we mBrs gSa] esaM+ ij [kM+h vkSjrksa ds gksaB dk¡i mBrs gSa] os xquxqukus yxrh gSa] gyokgksa ds iSj rky
ls mBus yxrs gSa( jksiuh djus okyksa dh v¡xqfy;k¡ ,d vthc Øe ls pyus yxrh gSa! ckyxksfcu Hkxr
dk ;g laxhr gS ;k tknw!
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr [ksr esa D;k dj jgs Fks\
I. gy pyk jgs Fks
II. jksiuh dj jgs Fks
III. xhr xk jgs Fks
IV. dhpM+ esa [ksy jgs Fks
fodYi%
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk laxhr cgqr eèkqj FkkA
dkj.k (R) : muds laxhr dh otg ls iwjk xk¡o dke NksM+dj ukpus yxkA
fodYi%
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds laxhr dk D;k çHkko gks jgk Fkk\
i. cPps >weus yxrs Fks
ii. vkSjrsa xquxqukus yxrh FkÈ
iii. gyokgksa ds iSj rky ls mBrs Fks
iv. mi;qZDr lHkh lgh gSa
¼?k½ [ksr esa ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk D;k dk;Z Fkk\

i. èkku dh jksiuh dj jgs Fks
ii. gy pyk jgs Fks
iii. xkuk xk jgs Fks
iv. dhpM+ ls [ksy jgs Fks
I. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk laxhr vkSj mldk çHkko
II. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk jksiuh dk;Z
III. xk¡o esa jksiuh dk ekgkSy
IV. laxhr vkSj [ksrksa dk lacaèk
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ûsrkth dk p'ek* ikB esa tc ewfrZ cukus dk dk;Z fdlh LFkkuh; dykdkj dks nsus dk fu'p;
gqvk gksxk] rks ekLVj eksrhyky us yksxksa dks D;k fo'okl fnyk;k gksxk\ mUgksaus îVd nsuk* 'kCn
dk iz;ksx fdl lanHkZ eas fd;k\
¼[k½ ^y[kuoh vankt* ikB ds ys[kd dks dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr D;ksa jgh gksxh\ Li"V
dhft,A
¼x½ ^ckyxksfcu Hkxr* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd vk"kk<+ ekg esa xk¡o ds okrkoj.k esa D;k ifjorZu
gksrs Fks\
¼?k½ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd ysf[kdk ds eu esa mith ghurk dh xzafFk dk
D;k ifj.kke gqvk\ Li"V dhft,A
vk;slq dkg dfgv fdu eksfgA lqfu fjlkb cksys eqfu dksghAA
¼d½ *lqfu eqfucpu y[ku eqlqdkus* iafDr esa y{e.k dh eqLdjkgV dk dkj.k D;k gS\
i. y{e.k dk ij'kqjke dk migkl djuk
ii. y{e.k dk ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dks gYds esa ysuk
iii. y{e.k dk ij'kqjke ds xqLls dk etkd mM+kuk
iv. y{e.k dk ij'kqjke ls vlgefr fn[kkuk
¼[k½ *lqugq jke tsfg floèkuq rksjk* iafDr esa ij'kqjke dkSu lh psrkouh ns jgs gSa\
I. f'koèkuq"k dks rksM+us ls 'k=qrk dh psrkouh
II. jke dh ohjrk dk lEeku
III. lglckgq tSls 'k=q cuus dh psrkouh
IV. ;q) dh rS;kjh
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : y{e.k us ij'kqjke ds çfr lEeku ugÈ fn[kk;kA
dkj.k (R) : y{e.k dks ij'kqjke ds xqLls dk lkeuk djus dk Mj FkkA
¼?k½ *cgq èkuqgh rksjh yfjdkb±* iafDr esa y{e.k dk rkRi;Z fdlls gS\
i. y{e.k }kjk dÃ ckj èkuq"k rksM+us dk vuqHko
ii. ij'kqjke }kjk fd, x, iqjkus —R;ksa dk etkd
iii. ij'kqjke ds vrhr esa fd, x, ohj dk;Z
iv. jke dh ohjrk dk ij'kqjke ls rqyuk
¼³½ *;sfg èkuq ij eerk dsfg gsrw* iafDr esa y{e.k dk fdl vksj ladsr gS\
I. èkuq"k ds çfr vuko';d eksg
II. jke ds çfr Lusg
III. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dh O;FkZrk
IV. f'koèkuq"k dh egÙkk
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ßvuqjkfxuh m"kk ysrh Fkh fut lqgkx e/kqek;k esaÞ iafDr esa dfo ds thou ds dSls {k.kksa rFkk fnuksa
dk vkHkkl feyrk gS\ ^vkRedF; dfork ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ ÞÅ/kkS Hkys yksx vkxs ds] ij fgr Mksyr /kkj.kß iafDr ds }kjk xksfi;k¡ D;k crkuk pkgrh gaS\
¼x½ feV~Vh ds xq.k /keZ dks ^Qly* dfork ds vk/kkj ij ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A
¼?k½ laxhrdkj vkSj eq[; xk;d ds ijLij lacaèk dks Li"V dhft,A
¼d½ cw<+s O;fä dks fp<+kus ij xq#th us cPpksa dks vkM+s gkFkksa fy;kA ,sls esa HkksykukFk ds firk us ch-
p&cpko dj cPps dks cpk;kA ekrk&firk gekjs lcls cM+s laj{kd gSaA êkrk dk vk¡py* ikB ds
vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ *lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB esa dgk x;k gS fd *dVkvks* ij fdlh nqdku dk u gksuk ojnku gS]
,slk D;ksa\ Hkkjr ds vU; çk—frd LFkkuksa dks ojnku cukus esa ;qok ukxfjd dh D;k Hkwfedk gks
ldrh gS\
¼x½ êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* Á'u ds mÙkj esa ys[kd D;k dkj.k crkrk gS\

¼d½ ijh{kk ls igys esjh euksn'kk

ladsr fcanq %
•• ijh{kk uke ls Hk;
•• i;kZIr rS;kjh
•• iz'ui= ns[kdj Hk; nwj gqvk
¼[k½ dksjksuk ok;jl
ladsr fcanq %
•• dksjksuk dk laØe.k
•• cpko ds mik;
•• ykWdMkmu ds udkjkRed izHkko
¼x½ tad QwM
ladsr fcanq %
•• tad QwM D;k gksrk gS\ ;qok&ih<+h vkSj tad QwM
•• tad QwM [kkus ds nq"ifj.kke
13. ¼d½ ,d nSfud lekpkj i= ds laiknd dks viuh dfork izdkf'kr djokus dk vuqjks/k djrs
gq, ,d i= yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ Nk=kokl esa jgus okys vius NksVs HkkbZ dks ,d i= yXkHkx 100 'kCnksa esa fy[kdj
izkr%dky fu;fer :i ls ;ksx ,oa izk.kk;ke dk vH;kl djus ds fy, izsfjr dhft,A
14. ¼d½ vki lkSjHk 'kekZ@lqjfHk 'kekZ gSaA vki ch-,M dj pqds gSaA vkidks ek¡ dslj nsoh ifCyd
Ldwy v c l uxj esa vFkZ'kkL= v/;kid@v/;kfidk in ds fy, vkosnu djuk gSA blds
fy, vki ,d laf{kIr Loo`Ùk ¼ck;ksMkVk½ yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1 # 5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vki viuk cSad [kkrk nwljh 'kk[kk esa VªkalQj djkuk pkgrs gSa] bl lanHkZ esa cSad Áca/kd
dks 80 'kCnksa dk bZ&esy fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ ^gLr f'kYi dsanz* ds fy, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa foKkiu rS;kj dhft, ftlds ek/;e ls
xzkeh.k f'kYidkjksa dks vkeaf=r djuk gSA 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkids 'kgj esa ôkf"kZd lkaLd`frd egksRlo* dk vk;kstu gksus tk jgk gSA izns'k ds
eq[;ea=h dh vksj ls dk;ZØe dh ljkguk ,oa lQyrk ds laca/k yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa
,d 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 29
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

v;ksè;k fookn Hkkjr ds lcls çkphu vkSj laosnu'khy ekeyksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g fookn v;ksè;k esa fLFkr
jke tUeHkwfe vkSj ckcjh efLtn dks ysdj gSA Çgnw leqnk; dk ekuuk gS fd v;ksè;k Hkxoku jke dh
tUeLFkyh gS] vkSj blh LFky ij ,d çkphu eafnj dk fuekZ.k gqvk Fkk ftls 1528 esa eqxy 'kkld
ckcj }kjk rksM+dj ckcjh efLtn dk fuekZ.k djk;k x;kA nwljh vksj] eqfLye i{k dk rdZ gS fd ;g
LFky ,sfrgkfld :i ls ,d efLtn dk gS] vkSj bls fdlh Hkh çdkj ls jke eafnj ls ugÈ tksM+k tk
ldrkA ;g fookn n'kdksa ls Hkkjrh; jktuhfr vkSj lekt ij xgjs çHkko Mkyrk vk jgk gSA
6 fnlacj 1992 dks dkjlsodksa }kjk ckcjh efLtn <gkÃ xÃ] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ns'kO;kih
lkaçnkf;d naxs HkM+d mBsA blds ckn ;g ekeyk fofHkUu vnkyrksa ds le{k vk;kA 2010 esa bykgkckn
mPp U;k;ky; us fookfnr Hkwfe dks rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djus dk vkns'k fn;k—jke yyk] eqfLye
oDQ cksMZ] vkSj fueksZgh v[kkM+k ds chpA
fQj Hkh] ;g ekeyk lqçhe dksVZ rd igq¡pk] vkSj varr% 9 uoacj 2019 dks loksZPp U;k;ky; us vius
,sfrgkfld QSlys esa fookfnr Hkwfe dks jke tUeHkwfe U;kl dks lkSai fn;k rFkk eqfLye i{k dks v;ksè;k
esa 5 ,dM+ oSdfYid Hkwfe çnku djus dk vkns'k fn;kA blds i'pkr 5 vxLr 2020 dks çèkkuea=h
ujsaæ eksnh }kjk jke eafnj dh vkèkkjf'kyk j[kh xÃA
v;ksè;k fookn Hkkjrh; lkaçnkf;d lkSgknZ vkSj lfg".kqrk dh ijh{kk ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA ;g
eqík èkkÆed] lkekftd] vkSj jktuhfrd –f"Vdks.k ls vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA
dFku ¼A½ % 9 uoacj 2019 dks lqçhe dksVZ us fookfnr Hkwfe jke tUeHkwfe U;kl dks lkSaihA
dkj.k ¼R½ % lqçhe dksVZ us eqfLye i{k dks v;ksè;k esa 5 ,dM+ tehu nsus dk vkns'k fn;kA
¼[k½ v;ksè;k fookn ds çeq[k ?kVukØe dkSu&dkSu ls gSa–
I- ckcjh efLtn dk fuekZ.k 1528 esa gqvkA
II- 6 fnlacj 1992 dks ckcjh efLtn dks <gk;k x;kA
III- 9 uoacj 2019 dks lqçhe dksVZ us QSlyk lquk;kA
IV- jke eafnj dk fuekZ.k 2022 esa iwjk gqvkA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I 6 fnlacj 1992 1- ckcjh efLtn <gkÃ xÃ
II 2010 esa bykgkckn gkÃdksVZ dk QSlyk 2- fookfnr Hkwfe dks rhu Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk x;k
III 5 vxLr 2020 3- jke eafnj dh vkèkkjf'kyk j[kh xÃ
i. I ¼1½] II ¼2½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
¼?k½ v;ksè;k fookn esa lqçhe dksVZ ds 2019 ds QSlys dk D;k egRo gS\
¼³½ jke eafnj ds fuekZ.k dh 'kq#vkr vkSj blls tqM+s eq[; ?kVukØe D;k gSa\

thou dh èkkjk cgrh tk,]
dHkh u #drh] dHkh u FkerhA
ioZrksa ls Vdjkdj fudyrh]
leqæ dh vksj cgrh tkrhA
gj eksM+ ij uÃ pqukSrh feyrh]
gj ?kM+h esa la?k"kZ gksrk gSA
fQj Hkh thou ugÈ #drk]

viuh jkg ij vkxs c<+rk gSA
èkS;Z vkSj lkgl dh dgkuh ;g]
gj eqf'dy dks ikj dj tkrh gSA
rwQ+kuksa ls ?kcjkdj tks #d x,]
oks viuh eaft+y dHkh ugÈ ikrsA
tks pyrs jgs] c<+rs jgs]
ogh thou ds vlyh fotsrk dgykrsA
deZ ls gh Qy dh çkfIr gksrh gS]
vkSj blh ls thou lQy gksrk gSA
gj dne ij thou gesa fl[kkrk gS]
dHkh gkj u ekuus dk ikB i<+krk gSA
&t;'kadj çlkn
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa fdl ckr ij lcls vfèkd tksj fn;k x;k gS\
i. la?k"kZ
ii. gkj
iii. eaft+y
iv. deZ
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou ds fdu igyqvksa dks mtkxj fd;k gS\
I. thou dk gj eksM+ uÃ pqukSrh ykrk gSA
II. èkS;Z vkSj lkgl ls thou dks lQy cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
III. rwQ+kuksa ls ?kcjkus ls thou Fke tkrk gSA
IV. deZ gh thou dh lQyrk dk ekxZ gSA
fodYi%
dFku ¼A½ % thou dk la?k"kZ dsoy nq%[k vkSj Fkdku dk çrhd gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd thou dh gj dfBukÃ gesa fxjk nsrh gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou ds la?k"kZ vkSj mldh èkkjk dks fdl çdkj ls fpf=r fd;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us deZ dks thou dh lQyrk ls dSls tksM+k gS\

¼d½ gkynkj lkgc thi ls mrjs vkSj ikuokys dh nqdku dh vksj py iM+sA ¼ljy okD; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr lkèkq gksrs gq, Hkh x`gLFk thou thrs FksA ¼la;qDr okD; esa cnysa½
¼x½ tks ikfBdk vius cpiu dh ckr dj jgh gS] mlds ifjokj esa firkth dk lkezkT; FkkA ¼vkfJr
¼?k½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ vkSj 'kgukbZ ds lkFk ,d eqfLye ioZ eqgjZe dk uke tqM+k gSA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ ,d laLd`r O;fDr fdlh ubZ pht+ dh [kkst djrk gS fdarq mldh larku dks og vius iwoZt ls
vuk;kl gh fey tkrh gSA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls okD; dk Hksn fyf[k,½
¼d½ usrkth us ns'k ds fy, viuk lc dqqN R;kx fn;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ lq'khyk }kjk eSfVªd dh ijh{kk ikl dh xÃA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ r`".kk ds o'khHkwr yM+rh&dVrh ekuork lq[k ls ugÈ jg ldrhA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr us csVs ds 'ko dks Qwyksa ls ltk;kA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ tc fØ;k dk lacaèk Hkko ls gks] rks mls dkSu&lk okP; dgrs gSa\
¼d½ ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rkt+s+ [khjs dh ifu;krh Qk¡ds ns[kdj eq¡g esa ikuh [kwc vk jgk
¼[k½ euq"; dsoy Hkkstu djus ds fy, thfor ugha jgrk gS] cfYd og vius Hkhrj dh lq{e bPNkvksa
¼x½ veh#íhu vHkh flQZ N% lky dk gS vkSj cM+k HkkÃ 'kElqíhu ukS lky dkA
¼?k½ firk th vkx&ccwyk gks x,A
¼³½ mUgksaus eLrd ij jkekuanh panu yxk;kA
¼d½ yfyr yfyr] dkys ?kq¡?kjkysA
¼[k½ tks ur gqvk] og e`r gqvk] T;ksa oàr ls >j dj dqlqeA
¼x½ T;kSa ty ekg¡ rsy dh xkxfj] cw¡n u rkdkSa ykxhA
¼?k½ ns[k yks lkdsr uxjh gS ;ghA LoxZ ls feyus xxu esa tk jghA
¼³½ es?k vk;s cM+s cu&Bu ds laoj dsA
[kaM&x 30
Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA uokc lkgc dh vlqfoèkk vkSj ladksp ds dkj.k dk
vuqeku djus yxsA laHko gS] uokc lkgc us fcydqy vdsys ;k=k dj ldus ds vuqeku esa fdQ+k;r ds
fopkj ls lsdaM Dykl dk fVdV [kjhn fy;k gks vkSj vc xokjk u gks fd 'kgj dk dksÃ lQsniks'k
mUgsa e¡>ys ntsZ esa lQj djrk ns[ksA--- vdsys lQj dk oDr dkVus ds fy, gh [khjs [kjhns gksaxs vkSj
vc fdlh lQsniks'k ds lkeus [khjk dSls [kk,¡\ ge duf[k;ksa ls uokc lkgc dh vksj ns[k jgs FksA
uokc lkgc dqN nsj xkM+h dh f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj fLFkfr ij xkSj djrs jgsA
^vksg*] uokc lkgc us lglk gesa lacksèku fd;k] ^vknkc&vtZ*] tukc] [khjs dk 'kkSd Qjek,¡xs\
uokc lkgc dk lglk Hkko&ifjorZu vPNk ugÈ yxkA Hkk¡i fy;k] vki 'kjkQ+r dk xqeku cuk, j[kus
ds fy, gesa Hkh ekewyh yksxksa dh gjdr esa yFksM+ ysuk pkgrs gSaA tokc fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] fdcyk 'kkSd
Qjek,¡A*
¼d½ uokc lkgc us lsdaM Dykl dk fVdV D;ksa [kjhnk Fkk\
I. ;k=k esa fdQ+k;r dk fopkj Fkk
II. lQsniks'k yksxksa ls cpus ds fy,
III. vdsys lQj dk vuqeku Fkk
IV. fVdV dh dksÃ leL;k Fkh
fodYi%
dFku (A) : uokc lkgc us [khjs dk 'kkSd Qjekus dk çLrko fd;kA
dkj.k (R) : uokc lkgc viuh 'kjkQ+r cuk, j[kuk pkgrs FksA
fodYi%
¼x½ ys[kd dks uokc lkgc dk Hkko&ifjorZu D;ksa vPNk ugÈ yxk\
i. uokc lkgc us vpkud O;ogkj cnyk Fkk
ii. uokc lkgc ys[kd dks ekewyh yksxksa dh rjg le>us yxs
iii. uokc lkgc dk vankt vlqfoèkktud Fkk
iv. ys[kd dks [khjs dk 'kkSd ugÈ Fkk
¼?k½ uokc lkgc us ys[kd dks [khjs dk 'kkSd D;ksa Qjekus dks dgk\
i. ys[kd dks ijs'kku djus ds fy,
ii. viuh 'kjkQ+r dk fn[kkok djus ds fy,
iii. lQj dk vkuan ysus ds fy,
iv. ys[kd ls nksLrh djus ds fy,
I. uokc lkgc dh 'kjkQ+r vkSj muds O;ogkj dh tfVyrk
II. ys[kd dh uokc lkgc ds çfr èkkj.kk
III. lsdaM Dykl esa lQj djus dh otg
IV. [khjs ds 'kkSd vkSj mldk çHkko
fodYi%
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh iq=oèkw mUgsa vdsys D;ksa ugÈ NksM+uk pkgrh Fkh\
¼[k½ ysf[kdk eUuw HkaMkjh dh vkjafHkd dgkfu;ksa ds vfèkdka'k ik= dgk¡ ds Fks\ blls fdl rF; dk
cksèk gksrk gS\
¼x½ vkids fopkj ls îkuokyk* ;k ^dSIVu* es ls vlyh y¡xM+k dkSu gSa\ ûsrkth dk p'ek* ikB ds
vk/kkj ij rdZ lfgr mÙkj nhft,A
¼?k½ Þesjs ekfyd lqj c['k nsA lqj ess og rklhj iSnk dj fd vk¡[kksa ls lPps eksrh dh rjg vux<+
vk¡lw fudy vk,¡ß ûkScr[kkus esa bcknr* ikB ds vk/kkj ij fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ds bl dFku dks Li"V
dhft,A
y[ku dgk gfl gejs tkukA lqugq nso lc èkuq"k lekukAA
dk Nfr ykHkq twu èkuq rksjsaA ns[kk jke u;u ds HkksjsaAA
Nqvr VwV j?kwifrgq u nkslAw eqfu fcuq dkt dfjv dr jkslAw A
cksys fprS ijlq dh vksjkA js lB lqusfg lqHkkm u eksjkAA
ckydq cksfy cèkkSa uÇg rksghA dsoy eqfu tM+ tkufg eksghAA
cky czãpkjh vfr dksghA fcLo fcfnr {kf=;dqy æksghAA
Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi fcuq dhUghA fciqy ckj efgnsoUg nhUghAA
lglckgqHkqt NsnfugkjkA ijlq fcyksdq eghdqekjkAA
ekrq firfg tfu lkspcl djfl eghlfdlksjA
xHkZUg ds vHkZd nyu ijlq eksj vfr ?kksjAA
¼d½ *y[ku dgk gfl gejs tkuk* iafDr esa y{e.k dh eqLdjkgV dk dkj.k D;k gS\
i. ij'kqjke ds xqLls dk migkl djuk
ii. ij'kqjke dh 'kfDr dk lEeku djuk
iii. ij'kqjke dh ukjktxh dks etkd esa ysuk
¼[k½ *cksys fprS ijlq dh vksjk* iafDr esa ij'kqjke fdls psrkouh ns jgs gSa\
I. y{e.k dks
II. jke dks
III. lglzckgq dks
IV. vU; jktkvksa dks
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : y{e.k ij'kqjke ls Mj x, FksA
dkj.k (R) : y{e.k dks ij'kqjke ds Øksèk vkSj 'kfDr dk lkeuk djus dk Hk; FkkA
¼?k½ *lglckgqHkqt Nsnfugkjk* iafDr esa ij'kqjke fdl ckr dh vksj ladsr dj jgs gSa\
i. lglzckgq ds f[kykQ vius ohj dk;Z dh vksj
ii. jke ds fo#) ;q) dh rS;kjh
iii. y{e.k dks vius ijkØe dh ;kn fnykus
iv. eqfu ds fouez LoHkko dh vksj
¼³½ *xHkZUg ds vHkZd nyu ijlq eksj vfr ?kksj* iafDr esa *ijlq eksj vfr ?kksj* dk D;k vFkZ gS\
I. ij'kqjke ds ij'kq dh egkurk
II. ij'kq dh 'kfDr dk o.kZu
III. ij'kqjke ds dBksj LoHkko dh >yd
IV. ij'kq ls gksus okys Hk; dk ladsr
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
10. fu/kkZfjr dforkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr pkj Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha rhu Á'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ Þjkt /kje rks ;gS ^lwj*] tks iztk us tkfg lrk,ß în* ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd iafDRk eas xksfi;ksa dh
dkSu&lh vkdka{kk fufgr gS\
¼[k½ ^mRlkg* dfork ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd dfo us fdlds fojks/k ij cy fn;k gSa\
¼x½ dfo ukxktqZu ds vuqlkj Qly D;k gS\
¼?k½ xk;d dh izsj.kk mldk lkFk dc NksM+us yxrh gS\ mls D;k vuqHko gksrk gS\
¼d½ ekrk&firk cPpksa dks vPNk ukxfjd cukus ds fy, D;k&D;k djrs gSa\ *ekrk dk v¡py* ikB ds
vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
¼[k½ ty&laj{k.k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ gesa ty&laj{k.k dks D;ksa vkSj fdl izdkj xaHkhjrk ls ysuk
pkfg,\
¼x½ ,d laosnu'khy ;qok ukxfjd dh gSfl;r ls foKku dk nq#i;ksx jksdus esa vkidh D;k Hkwfedk
gS\

¼d½ tSlh laxfr cSfB,] rSlks gh Qy nhu

ladsr fcanq %
•• laxfr dk egÙo
•• lRlaxfr dk ldkjkRed rFkk dqlaxfr dk udkjkRed izHkko
•• lRlaxfr ikjlef.k ds leku
•• lRlaxfr dks viukus dk vkg~oku
¼[k½ Hkkjrh; fdlku
ladsr fcanq %
•• Hkkjr % ,d Ñf"k iz/kku ns'k
•• vf/kla[; vkcknh d`f"k ij fuHkZj
•• fu/kZurk] vf'k{kk vkfn nqnZ'kk ds izeq[k dkj.k
•• thou&Lrj esa lq/kkj ds mik;
•• oSKkfud <ax ls [ksrh
•• lgk;d jkstxkj miyC/k djokus ds fy, ljdkjh iz;kl
¼x½ jk"Vªh; ,drk

ladsr fcanq %
•• jk"Vªh; ,drk dk vFkZ ,oa mldk egÙo
•• jk"Vª ds l'kDrhdj.k dk izrhd
•• fo'o&eap ij ns'k dh ldkjkRed Nfo
•• ns'k ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;d
•• ns'k dh leL;kvksa ls feytqydj yM+us esa ennxkj
•• jk"Vªfgr esa bls cuk, j[kus dk vkg~oku
13. ¼d½ vkids {ks= esa LFkku&LFkku ij fctyh ds iSuy ckWDl [kqys iM+s gS]a tks fo'ks"kdj NksVs cPpksa ds
fy, [krjukd fl) gks ldrs gSAa ,d tkx:d ukxfjd gksus ds ukrs vki fctyh vkiwfrZ
daiuh] ,p-ih-,y- ds vf/k'kklh vfHk;ark dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A 1 # 5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vki xkks[kys Nk=kokl esa jgus okys e;ad ekS;Z gSA vkids fon~;ky; esa [ksy&fnol dk
vk;kstu fd;k x;k FkkA ;g vki lHkh lkfFk;ksa ds fy, mRlkg ,oa mYykl ls ifjiw.kZ
jgkA bl volj ds vuqHko crkrs gq, firk th dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A
14. ¼d½ vki 'osrk vxzoky gSaA vki us fnYyh ls ,e-ch-,- fd;k gSA vkidks ,p-,e-Vh- daiuh esa
ekdsZfVax esa ,DthD;wfVo in ds fy, vkosnu djuk gSA blds fy, vki viuk ,d laf{kIr
vFko
¼[k½ vkids ?kj ds vkl&ikl dy dkj[kkuksa ,oa ;krk;kr dk ncko c<+ jgk gS] ftlls
/ofu Ánw"k.k dh leL;k mRiUu gks jgh gSA vr% vki uxj ;kstuk vf/kdkjh
dks /ofu Ánw"k.k dh leL;k ls voxr djkus ds fy, yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy
fyf[k,A
15. ¼d½ fdlh 'kS{kf.kd laLFkku esa mPp f'k{kk ds ikB~;Øeksa esa izos'k ÁkjaHk gksus dh lwpuk nsrs gq,
yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr dh vksj ls ns'k dh turk dks Lora=rk&fnol ds ikou volj ij
c/kkbZ nsrs gq, yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d lans'k fyf[k,A
www.nodia.i
izfrn'kZ Á'ui= 30
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2024&25
lkekU; funsZ'k %

Hkkjr esa pkoy ,d çeq[k [kk| Qly gS] ftldk mRiknu yxHkx gj jkT; esa gksrk gSA ;g [kjhQ
dh Qly ekuh tkrh gS] ftls ekulwu ds ekSle esa cks;k tkrk gS vkSj lÆn;ksa esa dkVk tkrk gSA pkoy
dk mRiknu Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj [kk| lqj{kk ds fy, vR;fèkd egRoiw.kZ gSA pkoy eq[; :i
ls if'pe caxky] mÙkj çns'k] vkaèkz çns'k] iatkc vkSj vksfM'kk tSls jkT;ksa esa vfèkd ek=k esa mxk;k
tkrk gSA Hkkjr fo'o esa pkoy mRiknu esa nwljs LFkku ij gS] vkSj bldh çeq[k fdLeksa esa cklerh vkSj
u‚u&cklerh 'kkfey gSaA cklerh pkoy viuh lqxaèk vkSj Lokn ds fy, fo'oHkj esa çfl) gSA
la;qä jk"Vª ds [kk| vkSj —f"k laxBu ¼FAO½ us Hkkjr esa pkoy mRiknu dks c<+kok nsus ds fy,
dÃ ifj;kstukvksa dks 'kq: fd;k gS] ftudk mís'; vkèkqfud —f"k rduhdksa ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsuk
gSA blesa ty lalkèkuksa ds mfpr çcaèku] csgrj chtksa dk mi;ksx] vkSj fdlkuksa dks çf'k{k.k nsdj
mRiknu dks c<+kus ij tksj fn;k tkrk gSA pkoy dh [ksrh cM+s iSekus ij ÇlpkÃ ij fuHkZj djrh gS]
blfy, ty lalkèkuksa dk lgh mi;ksx vR;fèkd vko';d gSA Hkkjr esa yk[kksa fdlku vkSj Jfed
pkoy dh [ksrh ls tqM+s gSa] ftudh vkthfodk bl Qly ls pyrh gSA pkoy dh [ksrh esa vfèkd Je
dh vko';drk gksrh gS] D;ksafd bldh jksikÃ ls ysdj dVkÃ rd dk dke Jfedksa }kjk gkFk ls fd;k
tkrk gSA
dFku ¼A½ % Hkkjr esa pkoy dh [ksrh [kjhQ dh Qly ds :i esa gksrh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % pkoy dh Qly ekulwu ds ekSle esa cksÃ tkrh gS vkSj lÆn;ksa esa dkVh tkrh gSA
¼[k½ Hkkjr esa pkoy ,d çeq[k Qly gS D;ksafd –
I. ;g [kjhQ dh Qly gSA
II. bldk mRiknu cM+s iSekus ij gksrk gSA
III. ;g [kk| lqj{kk ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA
IV. bls cgqr de ikuh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
fodYi–
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
I Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k pkoy mRiknd jkT; 1- mÙkj çns'k
II Hkkjr esa nwljk lcls cM+k pkoy mRiknd jkT; 2- if'pe caxky
III Hkkjr esa pkoy dh [ksrh dk çeq[k jkT; 3- iatkc
i. I ¼2½] II ¼1½] III ¼3½
ii. I ¼1½] II ¼3½] III ¼2½
iii. I ¼3½] II ¼1½] III ¼2½
iv. I ¼2½] II ¼3½] III ¼1½
¼?k½ Hkkjr esa pkoy mRiknu dks c<+kus esa FAO dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\
¼³½ pkoy mRiknu ,d Je vkèkkfjr m|ksx gS– dSls\

ufn;k dh èkkjk gS thou]
pyrh jgrh fcu #dkoV]
gj eksM+ ij ykrh pqukSrh]
fQj Hkh u gksrh og FkdkoVA
fQj Hkh u NksM+rh viuh jkg]
gj caèku ls ikj dj tkrh gSA
thou Hkh ;w¡ gh pyrk jgs]

gj dfBukÃ ls tw>rk jgsA
tks MVs jgrs gSa la?k"kZ esa]
ogh lQyrk dk lwjt ns[krs gSaA
thou dk ewy ea= ;gh gS]
dHkh gkj u ekuks] u ihNs gVksA
rwQkuksa ls u Mj]
gj thr ds ihNs ,d la?k"kZ gSA
pyrs jgks] #duk euk gS]
thou dh èkkjk ;w¡ gh cgrh gSA
&gfjoa'k jk; cPpu
¼d½ bl dkO;ka'k esa thou dh rqyuk fdlls dh xÃ gS\
i. leqæ
ii. ufn;k
iii. lwjt
iv. rwQku
¼[k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa thou ds fdu egRoiw.kZ igyqvksa ij tksj fn;k x;k gS\
I. thou fcuk #dkoV ds cgrk jgrk gSA
II. thou dk gj eksM+ uÃ pqukSrh ykrk gSA
III. thou esa FkdkoV gkj dk çrhd gSA
IV. la?k"kZ thou dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSA
fodYi%
iv. dFku I] II vkSj IV lgh gSaA
dFku ¼A½ % thou dh jkg ljy vkSj 'kkar gksrh gSA
dkj.k ¼R½ % D;ksafd thou esa dksÃ pqukSrh ugÈ gksrh] og ges'kk fLFkj jgrk gSA
¼?k½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou dh èkkjk dks fdl çdkj ls çLrqr fd;k gS\
¼³½ bl dkO;ka'k esa dfo us thou esa la?k"kZ dks fdl çdkj ls fpf=r fd;k gS\

¼d½ ftlus lcls igys vkx dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] og cM+k vkfo"dkjd FkkA ¼ljy okD; esa cnysa½
¼[k½ firkth ds O;fäRo ds dqN ldkjkRed igyw fxjrh vkÆFkd fLFkfr ds dkj.k u"V gks x,A ¼la;qä
okD; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr tkurs Fks fd vc cq<+kik vk x;k gSA ¼vkfJr miokD; Nk¡Vdj mldk Hksn Hkh
fyf[k,½
¼?k½ gkynkj lkgc dks mèkj ls xqtjrs le; ewÆr esa dqN varj fn[kkÃ fn;kA ¼feJ okD; esa cnfy,½
¼³½ vius <sjksa lk{kkRdkjksa esa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd mUgsa vius thou ds vkjafHkd
fnuksa esa laxhr ds izfr vklfDr bUgha xkf;dk cfguksa dks lqudj feyh gSA ¼jpuk dh n`f"V ls
¼d½ ikuokys us ;g jgL; crk fn;kA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼[k½ uk;d dh lQyrk esa laxrdkjksa }kjk egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkÃ xÃA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
¼x½ firk th us viuh vkÆFkd fLFkfr dk ft+Ø ugÈ fd;kA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
¼?k½ ekuo dh ;ksX;rk us vkRe&fouk'k ds lkèkuksa dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA ¼okP; igpkudj Hksn crkb,½
¼³½ fdl okP; esa fØ;k dk lacaèk u rks drkZ ls gksrk gS vkSj u gh deZ ls\
¼d½ ;gk¡ ujdV ikbZ tkrh gSA
¼[k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr lewpk 'kjhj dhpM+ esa fyFkM+s] vius [ksr esa /kku jksi jgs gSaA
¼x½ og eq>ls nks lky cM+h] [kwc xksjh] LoLFk vkSj g¡leq[k cfgu lq'khyk FkhA
¼?k½ mUgksaus cgqr djhus ls [khjs dh Qk¡dksa ij thjk&feyk ued vkSj fepZ cqjd nhA
¼³½ ewÆr dh vk¡[kksa ij dksÃ Hkh] oSlk Hkh p'ek ugÈ FkkA
¼d½ bruk jks;k Fkk eSa ml fnu rky&ryS;k lc Hkj MkysA
¼[k½ ÅèkkS Hkys yksx vkxs ds] ij fgr Mksyr èkk,A
¼x½ lqugq jke tsfg floèkuq rksjkA
¼?k½ ;kSou esa ekrh eVjcsfy vfy;ksa ls vk¡[k yM+krh gSA
¼³½ lqur tksx ykxr gS ,slkS] T;kSa d#bZ ddjhA
[kaM&x 30
?kj esa irksgw jks jgh gS ftls xk¡o dh fL=;k¡ pqi djkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh gSa] Çdrq ckyxksfcu Hkxr
xk, tk jgs gSa! gk¡] xkrs&xkrs dHkh&dHkh irksgw ds utnhd Hkh tkrs vkSj jksus ds cnys mRlo eukus
dks dgrsA vkRek ijekRek ds ikl pyh xÃ] fojfguh vius çseh ls tk feyh] Hkyk blls c<+dj vkuan
dh dkSu ckr\ eSa dHkh&dHkh lksprk] ;g ikxy rks ugÈ gks x,] Çdrq ugÈ] og tks dqN dg jgs Fks
mlesa mudk foÜokl cksy jgk Fkk& og pje foÜokl] tks ges'kk gh e`R;q ij fot;h gksrk vk;k gSA
csVs ds fØ;k&deZ esa rwy ugÈ fd;k( irksgw ls gh vkx fnykÃ mldhA Çdrq T;ksa gh Jk) dh vofèk
iwjh gks xÃ] irksgw ds HkkÃ dks cqykdj mlds lkFk dj fn;k] ;g vkns'k nsrs gq, fd bldh nwljh 'kknh
dj nsukA bèkj irksgw jks&jksdj dgrh& eSa pyh tkÅ¡xh rks cq<+kis esa dkSu vkids fy, Hkkstu cuk,xk]
chekj iM+s rks dkSu ,d pwYyw ikuh Hkh nsxk\ eSa iSj iM+rh gw¡] eq>s vius pj.kksa ls vyx ugÈ dhft,A
ysfdu Hkxr dk fu.kZ; vVy FkkA rw tk] ugÈ rks eSa gh bl ?kj dks NksM+dj py nw¡xk& ;g Fkh mudh
vkf[kjh nyhy vkSj bl nyhy ds vkxs cspkjh dh D;k pyrhA
¼d½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr irksgw ls D;k dg jgs Fks\
I. jksus ds cnys mRlo eukus dks
II. ?kj NksM+us dh rS;kjh djus dks
III. vius csVs dh ;kn esa jksus dks
IV. xk¡o dh fL=;ksa dks cqykus dks
fodYi%
i. dsoy dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr us irksgw dks ?kj NksM+us dk vkns'k fn;kA
dkj.k (R) : ckyxksfcu Hkxr ugÈ pkgrs Fks fd irksgw mudh lsok djsA
fodYi%
¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr us Jk) ds ckn irksgw dks fdlds lkFk Hkst fn;k\
i. mlds ekrk&firk ds lkFk
ii. mlds HkkÃ ds lkFk
iii. xk¡o dh fL=;ksa ds lkFk
iv. fdlh vkSj ifjokj ds lkFk
¼?k½ irksgw ckyxksfcu Hkxr ls D;k vuqjksèk dj jgh Fkh\
i. mls vius ikl j[kus dk
ii. nwljh 'kknh u djus dk
iii. vius csVs dks ;kn djus dk
iv. xk¡o ls ckgj u Hkstus dk
I. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk e`R;q vkSj thou ds çfr foÜokl
II. irksgw dh nwljh 'kknh
III. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dh èkkÆed vkLFkk
IV. ckyxksfcu Hkxr dk dfBu fu.kZ;
fodYi%
¼d½ ûsrkth dk p'ek* ikB esa uxjikfydk dh dk;Z&i)fr ij O;aX; fNik gS] mls vius 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k,A
¼[k½ ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikB ds vkèkkj ij fyf[k, fd ml le; esa yM+fd;ksa dh fLFkfr dSlh Fkh]
D;k os iw.kZr% Lora= FkÈ\
¼x½ jlwyuckÃ vkSj crwyuckÃ ds ;gk¡ ls gksdj ckykth ds eafnj tkuk fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks D;ksa vPNk
yxrk Fkk\
¼?k½ ys[kd dks uokc lkgc ds fdu gko&Hkkoksa ls eglwl gqvk fd os muls ckrphr djus ds fy,
rfud Hkh mRlqd ugÈ gSa\
iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[kko dqBk:A pgr mM+kou Qw¡fd igk:AA
bgk¡ dqEgM+cfrvk dksm ukÇgA ts rjtfu nsf[k efj tkgÈAA
nsf[k dqBk: ljklu ckukA eSa dNq dgk lfgr vfHkekukAA
Hk`xlqr leqf> tusm fcyksdhA tks dNq dggq lgkSa fjl jksdhAA
cèksa ikiq vidhjfr gkjsaA ekjrgw¡ ik ifjv rqEgkjsaA
tks fcyksfd vuqfpr dgsm¡ Negq egkeqfu èkhjA
lqfu ljks"k Hk`xcalefu cksys fxjk xaHkhjAA
¼d½ *fcgfl y[kuq cksys e`nq ckuh* iafDr esa y{e.k dh eqLdjkgV dk dkj.k D;k gS\
i. ij'kqjke ds xqLls dk migkl djuk
ii. ij'kqjke dh 'kfDr dk lEeku djuk
iii. ij'kqjke dh èkedh dks etkd esa ysuk
¼[k½ *iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[kko dqBk:* iafDr esa y{e.k fdldk ladsr ns jgs gSa\
I. ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dk
II. ij'kqjke ds ;q) dkS'ky dk
III. ij'kqjke dh èkedh dk
IV. ij'kqjke dh ohjrk dk
fodYi %
i. dFku I lgh gSA
dFku (A) : y{e.k us ij'kqjke dk Øksèk gYds esa fy;kA
dkj.k (R) : y{e.k dks ij'kqjke ds Øksèk dk lkeuk djus dk lkgl FkkA
¼?k½ *bgk¡ dqEgM+cfrvk dksm ukÇg* iafDr esa y{e.k fdldh vksj ladsr dj jgs gSa\
i. ;gk¡ dksÃ detksj ugÈ gS
ii. ;gk¡ dksÃ ew[kZ ugÈ gS
iii. ;gk¡ dksÃ Mjiksd ugÈ gS
iv. ;gk¡ dksÃ vleFkZ ugÈ gS
¼³½ *dksfV dqfyl le cpuq rqEgkjk* iafDr esa y{e.k dk D;k vfHkçk; gS\
I. ij'kqjke ds opu dBksj gSa
II. ij'kqjke dk Øksèk vkdk'k ds leku gS
III. ij'kqjke ds opu vk'khokZn gSa
IV. ij'kqjke ds opu otz ds leku dBksj gSa
fodYi%
i. dFku I lgh gSA
25&30 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,& 3#2 = 6
¼d½ xksfi;ksa us fdu&fdu mnkgj.kksa ds ekè;e ls m)o dks mykgus fn, gSa\
¼[k½ Qkxqu esas ,slk D;k gksrk gS] tks 'ks"k _rqvksa ls fHkUu gksrk gS] ^vV ugh jgh gS* dfork ds vk/kkj
ij mÙkj nhft,A
¼x½ cPps dh eqLdku vkSj ,d cM+s O;fä dh eqLdku esa D;k varj gS\
¼?k½ laxrdkj dh Hkwfedk dk egRo dc lkeus vkrk gS\
¼d½ êkrk dk v¡py* ikB esa fpf=r xzkE; laLÑfr vkSj vkt dh xzkeh.k laLÑfr esa D;k fHkUurk gS\
¼[k½ ^fdruk de ysdj ;s lekt dks fdruk vf/kd okil ykSVk nsrh gSaA ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+---* ikB
ds bl dFku esa fufgr thouewY;ksa dks Li"V dhft, vkSj crkb, fd ns'k dh Áxfr eas ukxfjd
dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\
¼x½ orZeku le; esa euq"; vius >wB vge ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh lhek rd tk ldrk gSA og vius
d`R; ls gksus okyh gkfu dk fo'ys"k.k ugha djrkA êSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\* ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V
dhft,A

¼d½ Ánw"k.k % ,d leL;k

ladsr fcUnq %
•• ifjp;
•• iznw"k.k ds rÙo
•• iznw"k.k ds izdkj
•• iznw"k.k ds dkj.k
•• iznw"k.k ds izHkko
•• iznw"k.k dks jksdus ds mik;
¼[k½ ngst ÁFkk % ,d vfHk'kki

ladsr fcUnq %
•• lkekftd leL;k
•• jksdFkke ds mik;
•• ;qodksa dk drZO;
¼x½ eu ds gkjs gkj gS eu ds thrs thr
ladsr fcUnq %
•• fujk'kk
•• n`f"Vdks.k ifjorZu
•• ldkjkRed lksp
13. ¼d½ vkius lekpkj i= esa lekpkjokpu ds dkslZ ds ckjs esa i<+kA vki ml laLFkku ds irs ij
yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fy[kdj dkslZ dh vof/k] Qhl] le; vkfn dh tkudkjh
izkIr dhft,A 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ vius fe= dks yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fy[kdj crkb, fd egkuxjh; thou nq[kn
Hkh gS vkSj lq[kn HkhA
14. ¼d½ f'ko xkjesaV izk-fy- dks lgk;d izca/kd dh vko';drk gSA blds fy, vkosnu djus gsrq
Loo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A ¼yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa½ 1#5 = 5
vFko
¼[k½ leLr vkSipkfjdrk,¡ iw.kZ djus ij Hkh vk/kkj dkMZ u feyus dh f'kdk;r djrs gq, lacfa /kr
vf/kdkjh dks ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,A ¼yxHkx 80 'kCnksa es½a
15. ¼d½ iqLrd foØsrk ds fy, vkd"kZd foKkiu yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A 1#4 = 4
vFko
¼[k½ vkids fe= us bathfu;fjax dh ukSdjh NksM+dj lekt&lsok ds fy, thou vfiZr dj fn;k
gSA mls yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa ,d 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
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CBSE EXAM 2025 30 Sets

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[kaM&d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

[kaM&[k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

iii. ewÆrdkj dk p'ek lgh ls u cuk ikukA

III. dkUgk ds çfr vVwV çse

[kaM&?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

¼d½ flusek o ;qok ih<+h

[kaM&d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

¼[k½ Hkkjr esa xsgwa ,d çeq[k Qly gS D;ksafd–

[kaM&[k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

¼?k½ ^lglckgqHkqt Nsnfugkjk* dk rkRi;Z fdlls gS\

[kaM&?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

¼d½ tad QwM

[kaM&d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

i. dFku ¼A½ xyr gS] fdUrq dkj.k ¼R½ lgh gSA

vkdk'k dks xw¡tk;eku dj jgh FkÈA

[kaM&[k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

¼?k½ ys[kd us lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa D;k ns[kk\

[kaM&?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

[kaM&d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

Hkkjr dh Lora=rk ds fy,

[kaM&[k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

¼?k½ ek¡ dk cPpksa ds çfr D;k Hkko Fkk\

[kaM & ?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

¼d½ [ksydwn dk fo|kFkhZZ thou esa egÙo

[kaM&d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

¼[k½ Hkkjr esa lkSj ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx c<+ jgk gS D;ksafd–

2. fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwod

jfo dh fdj.ksa] ,d vk'kk dk lans'k]

[kaM&[k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

¼?k½ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ds ijnknk dk uke D;k Fkk\

[kaM&?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

¼d½ vkt dk ;qok oxZ

¼x½ djr djr vH;kl ds tM+efr gksr lqtku

[kaM & d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

i. dFku ¼A½ xyr gS] fdUrq dkj.k ¼R½ lgh gSA

thou dk çokg dHkh ugÈ #drk]

[kaM & [k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

¼?k½ laL—fr vkSj lH;rk esa D;k varj gS\

[kaM&?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

¼d½ vk/kqfud thou&'kSyh ,oa LokLF; leL;k,¡

¼x½ tc vkoS larks"k /ku] lc /ku /kwfj leku

[kaM & d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

2. fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwod

Qwyksa ij fxjh vksl dh cwansa]

[kaM & [k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

¼?k½ dSIVu p'esokyk usrkth dh ewÆr ls p'ek dc gVkrk Fkk\

[kaM & ?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

¼d½ iznwf"kr xaxk unh

[kaM & d ¼vifBr cks/k½ 14

o`{kksa dh Nk;k vkSj lwjt dh jks'kuh]

[kaM & [k ¼O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k½ 16

¼x½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr fdl le; xkuk xk jgs Fks\

¼?k½ ckyxksfcu Hkxr ds xhr dk eq[; Hkko D;k Fkk\

[kaM & ?k ¼jpukRed ys[ku½ 20

¼d½ fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa c<+rk Øks/k % dkj.k vkSj fuokj.k

¼x½ iznw"k.k dh leL;k