MODULE 4

GLOBAL ISSUE CONCERNS

1. Which gas is the largest contributor to global warming?

a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Helium

2. The phenomenon of the earth’s atmosphere trapping heat and warming the planet is known
as:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Global dimming
c) Greenhouse effect
d) Acid rain

3. Deforestation directly affects the carbon cycle by:

a) Increasing oxygen levels
b) Reducing greenhouse gases
c) Increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
d) Removing toxins from the air

4. The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, focuses on reducing emissions of which type of
gases?
a) Ozone gases
b) Greenhouse gases
c) Inert gases
d) Noble gases

5. Which of the following is an international agreement to protect biodiversity?

a) Paris Agreement
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
d) Ramsar Convention

6. The Paris Agreement of 2015 aims to limit global warming to below how many degrees
Celsius above pre-industrial levels?
a) 1.5°C
b) 2°C
c) 2.5°C
d) 3°C

7. Which policy focuses on reducing emissions that deplete the ozone layer?
a) Paris Agreement
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Kyoto Protocol
d) Geneva Convention
8. Which country’s success in increasing forest cover is often cited as a model for
reforestation efforts?
a) Brazil
b) Norway
c) Costa Rica
d) India

9. Which environmental disaster in 1984 highlighted the dangers of chemical industries?

a) Exxon Valdez oil spill
b) Chernobyl nuclear disaster
c) Bhopal gas tragedy
d) Deepwater Horizon oil spill

10. Which nation is known for its sustainable energy policy with almost 100% of its
electricity from renewable sources?
a) Canada
b) Sweden
c) Bhutan
d) Iceland

11. What is the main cause of coral bleaching?

a) Increased carbon dioxide levels
b) Rise in ocean temperature
c) Excessive fishing
d) Plastic pollution

12. Which is the largest source of freshwater pollution globally?

a) Plastic waste
b) Agricultural runoff
c) Air pollution
d) Oil spills

13. Which species is most affected by habitat fragmentation?

a) Polar bears
b) Elephants
c) Frogs
d) Tigers

14. Acid rain is primarily caused by the release of which two pollutants?
a) Carbon monoxide and methane
b) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and ammonia
d) Ozone and particulate matter

15. Which region is most vulnerable to rising sea levels due to climate change?
a) The Himalayas
b) The Sahara Desert
c) The Amazon Rainforest
d) Small island nations
16. Melting of glaciers contributes to:
a) Desertification
b) Rising sea levels
c) Soil erosion
d) Groundwater depletion

17. Which country is the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide?

a) United States
b) India
c) China
d) Russia

18. What is the primary goal of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
a) To enforce environmental laws
b) To monitor air quality
c) To provide scientific assessments on climate change
d) To fund renewable energy projects

19. What is groundwater depletion?

a) The process of increasing water in aquifers
b) The reduction in the amount of groundwater available in aquifers
c) The process of desalination of water sources
d) None of the above

20. Which of the following is a common cause of groundwater depletion?

a) Excessive rainfall
b) Over-extraction for agricultural use
c) Reduced industrial use of groundwater
d) Natural recharging

21. What is groundwater recharge?

a) The natural process of water moving from the surface to underground aquifers
b) The increase of water levels in lakes
c) The decrease of water levels in rivers
d) None of the above

22. Which of these is a method for artificial groundwater recharge?

a) Deforestation
b) Urban sprawl
c) Rainwater harvesting
d) Draining wetlands

23. Which country faces severe issues of groundwater depletion due to agriculture?
a) Norway
b) India
c) Iceland
d) Canada

24. The term “water table” refers to:

 a) The level of water in oceans
b) The depth at which soil becomes saturated with water
c) A chart displaying rainfall
d) A list of water policies

25. What is the primary cause of climate change in recent decades?

a) Increased volcanic activity
b) Human activities, especially burning fossil fuels1
c) Natural solar cycles
d) Increased biodiversity

26. Which gas is most responsible for trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, contributing to
global warming?
a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
d) Helium

27. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to:
a) 1°C above pre-industrial levels
b) 2°C above pre-industrial levels
c) 5°C above pre-industrial levels
d) 10°C above pre-industrial levels

28. Which of the following is a major effect of climate change on water resources?
a) Increased water availability
b) Increased risk of floods and droughts
c) Stable rainfall patterns
d) Higher groundwater levels worldwide

29. Which country is a leading contributor to carbon emissions globally?

a) Brazil
b) China
c) Sweden
d) Denmark

30. Which of the following cities has faced severe groundwater depletion issues, leading to a
“Day Zero” scenario?
a) New York
b) Cape Town
c) Tokyo
d) Moscow

31.India’s National Water Mission under its National Action Plan on Climate Change aims to:
a) Increase the water table by 10% annually
b) Conserve water, minimize wastage, and ensure equitable distribution
c) Expand dam construction for better water storage
d) Decrease the number of water conservation projects
32. Which country has developed a successful policy for managed aquifer recharge,
particularly in urban areas?
a) Australia
b) Japan
c) Russia
d) Germany

33. The “Green Wall” project in Africa is an example of:

a) A measure to combat groundwater depletion
b) A reforestation effort to reduce desertification and combat climate change
c) A structure built to prevent flooding
d) None of the above

34. Which of these case studies highlights the impact of glacier melting on groundwater
recharge?
a) The Amazon Rainforest
b) The Alps in Europe
c) The Sahara Desert
d) The Great Barrier Reef

35. What is the primary cause of acid rain?

a) A) Carbon monoxide
b) B) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
c) C) Methane
d) D) Oxygen

36. Which of the following industries is a major contributor to acid rain?

a) Fishing industry
b) Textile industry
c) Coal-burning power plants
d) Farming industry

37. What is the effect of acid rain on soil?

a) Increases soil fertility
b) Lowers pH levels, making it more acidic
c) Has no effect on soil
d) Makes the soil alkaline

38. Which policy was implemented to reduce acid rain in the United States?
a) The Montreal Protocol
b) The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
c) The Kyoto Protocol
d) The Paris Agreement

39. A famous case study of acid rain effects is associated with which lake?
a) Lake Michigan
b) Lake Baikal
c) Lake Superior
d) Lake Ontario
40. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
a) Troposphere
b) Mesosphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Thermosphere

41. What is the main cause of ozone layer depletion?

a) Carbon monoxide
b) Sulfur dioxide
c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) Methane

42. The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987, aimed to reduce the production of what
substance?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) Nitrogen oxides

43. Which of the following is a consequence of ozone layer depletion?

a) Reduced global temperatures
b) Increased UV radiation reaching Earth
c) Decreased ocean acidity
d) Reduced greenhouse effect

44. A famous case of ozone depletion is associated with which region?

a) The Sahara Desert
b) The Arctic
c) The Amazon Rainforest
d) The Antarctic

45. What is radon?

a) A chemical element
b) A radioactive gas
c) A mineral
d) A metal

46. How does radon typically enter drinking water?

a) Through soil and bedrock infiltration
b) Through rainwater contamination
c) Through industrial waste
d) Through surface water runoff

47. Why is radon in drinking water a health concern?

a) It causes skin irritation
b) It can cause lung cancer when inhaled
c) It leads to mineral deficiency
d) It causes digestive issues
48. Which method is commonly used to remove radon from water?
a) Filtration
b) Chlorination
c) Aeration
d) Boiling

49. Radon levels above what concentration in drinking water are considered unsafe by the
EPA?
a) 100 pCi/L
b) 200 pCi/L
c) 300 pCi/L
d) 400 pCi/L

50. Why is fluoride commonly added to drinking water?

a) To improve taste
b) To prevent dental decay
c) To disinfect water
d) To remove impurities

51. What is the maximum safe fluoride level in drinking water recommended by the WHO?
a) 1.0 mg/L
b) 1.5 mg/L
c) 2.0 mg/L
d) 2.5 mg/L

52. Excess fluoride intake over a long period may cause which condition?
a) Kidney stones
b) Skeletal fluorosis
c) Liver failure
d) Lung cancer

53. Which process is effective in reducing fluoride levels in drinking water?

a) Sedimentation
b) Distillation
c) UV treatment
d) Chlorination

54. High fluoride levels in water are most commonly found in which type of regions?
a) Coastal areas
b) Industrial zones
c) Volcanic and arid regions
d) Forested areas

55. Which of the following is the main objective of resettlement and rehabilitation?
a) Protect wildlife
b) Provide compensation and aid to displaced individuals
c) Create jobs for locals
d) Increase urbanization
56. What is the primary reason for resettling people?
a) Natural disasters
b) Infrastructure projects
c) Wildlife conservation
d) All of the above

57. Which of the following is NOT a typical challenge in resettlement?

a) Loss of livelihood
b) Cultural dislocation
c) Increased biodiversity
d) Economic instability

58. What is meant by ‘compensation package’ in resettlement?

a) A set of benefits provided to displaced people
b) Increased taxes for local citizens
c) Free land provided to displaced families
d) Reforestation programs

59. Which of these is a common impact of poor rehabilitation practices?

a) Improved income
b) Displacement poverty
c) Better health facilities
d) Increased urbanization

60. Environmental toxicology is primarily concerned with the study of…

a) Effects of toxic substances on the environment and human health
b) Weather patterns
c) Biodiversity in ecosystems
d) Climate change exclusively

61. Which of the following is a common environmental toxicant?

a) Carbon dioxide
b) Water vapor
c) Mercury
d) Nitrogen gas

62. Which of the following toxic substances is known for causing Minamata disease?
a) Lead
b) Mercury
c) Cadmium
d) Arsenic

63. What does the term “biomagnification” refer to in environmental toxicology?

a) Reduction of pollutants in the food chain
b) Increase of pollutant concentration as it moves up the food chain
c) Decomposition of pollutants
d) Elimination of toxicants through biodegradations

64. Which type of pollution is commonly associated with heavy metals?

a) Air pollution
 b) Soil and water pollution
c) Noise pollution
d) Light pollution

65. The pH value of the acid rainwater is

a) 4.0
b) 6.0
c) 7.5
d) 8.5

66. The primary cause of the acid rain around the world is
a) CFC b) S02. c)CO d) O3

67. Which of the following is the remedial measure for acid rain
a) reducing the release of oxides of nitrogen and Sulphur in to the atmosphere.
b) use of coal, free from Sulphur
c) use of electrostatic precipitator & catalytic converters
d) All the above

68. Acid rain can be controlled by

a) reducing SO2 and NO2 emissions
b) Reducing oxygen emission.
c) Increasing number of lakes.
d) increasing the forest cover.

69. Atmospheric oxidation of SO to SO is influenced by

a) sunlight.
b) Humidity
c) presence of hydrocarbons
d) All of these

70. Reduction in brightness of the famous Taj Mahal is due to

a) global warming.
b) Air pollution
c) ozone depletion
d) Afforestation.

71. The Effect of Acid rain

a) reduces soil fertility
b) increases atmospheric temperature.
c) causing respiratory problems
d) skin cancer

72. The process of movement of nutrients from the soil by the Acid rain is called
a) Transpiration.
b) Leaching
c) evapo-transpiration
d) Infiltration.

73. Ozone layer is present in

 a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere

74. Which of the following statements about ozone is true?

a) Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
b) Ozone protects us from the harmful uv radiation of sun
c) Ozone is highly reactive
d) All of the above

75. Major compound responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone layer is
a) Oxygen
b) CFC
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Methane

76. Ozone layer thickness is measured in

a) a) PPM b) PPB c) Decibels d) Dobson units

77. Normal average thickness of stratospheric ozone layer across the globe is around
a) 200 DU b)300 DU c) 400 DU d)500 Du

77. Chloro Fluro Carbon’s (CFC) are

a) Nontoxic
b) Non carcinogenic
c) Nonflammable
d) All the above

78. Ozone layers absorbs

a) UV rays
b) Infra-red rays
c) Cosmic rays
d) CO

79. Which of the following is not an ill effect of acid rain?

a) results in killing fish
b) causes stone leprosy.
c) leaches nutrients from the soil
d) causes cataract

80. Formation of ozone layer is explained by

a) Rosenmund reaction
b) Henderson's reaction
c) Chapman's reaction.
d) Perkin's reaction

81. Each Chlorine free Radical can destroy the following number of ozone molecules.
a) 1000
b) 10,000
 c) 1,00,000
d) 100

82. Freons are

a) HFC
b) CFC
c) NFC
d) Hydrocarbons.

83. Which of the following statements about ozone is true?

a) Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
b) Ozone is highly reactive
c) Ozone protects us from the harmful UV radiation of sun.
d) All the above

84. Ozone depletion causes

a) snow blindness
b) Photochemical smog.
c) acid rain
d) vomiting

85. Which of the following statement is not true about animal husbandry?
a) it is a part of agricultural activity.
b) it is breeding, feeding and management of animals.
c) it is livestock production.
d) it is protection of wildlife

86. Which of the following is the purpose of animal husbandry?

a) conservation of animal husbandry.
b) production of meat.
c) conservation of wildlife.
d) conservation of forests.

87. Domesticated animals are used for

a) Dairy products.
b) production of fiber.
c) production of meat.
d) all of these

88. Acid rain has been increasing day by day due to

a) Urbanization
b) Industrialization
c) increase in vehicle population
d) none of the above

89. Ozone hole was first discovered over

a) Arctic
b) Antarctica
c) tropical region
d) Africa
90. CFCs have been used as
a) Solvent
b) blowing agents for polymer forms
c) refrigerants
d) All of these

91. World Ozone Day is being celebrated on

a) September 5th b) October 15th c) September 16th d) September 11th

92. Bhopal Gas Tragedy caused due to leakage of

a) Methyl Iso Cyanate (MIC)
b) Sulphur dioxide
c) Mustard gas
d) methane

93. Animal husbandry results in

a) Global warming b) Acid rain c) Ozone depletion d) none of these

94. Blue baby syndrome (methaemoglobinemia) is caused by the contamination of water due
to
a) Phosphates b) Sulphur c) Arsenic d) Nitrates

95. India has the largest share of which of the following?

a) Manganese b) Mica c) Copper d) Diamond

96. What is the maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water?

a) 1.0 milligram per liter
b) 1.25 milligram per liter
c) 1.50 milligram per liter
d) d) 1.75 milligram per liter

97. Excess fluorides in drinking water is likely to cause

a) Blue babies b) fluorosis c) taste and odour d) intestinal irritation

98. Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?

a) Factories
b) Sewage treatment plants
c) urban and suburban lands
d) All of the above

99. The movement of carbon between_____is called carbon cycle.

a) Atmosphere & biosphere
b) Atmosphere & hydrosphere
c) Geosphere & atmosphere
d) Biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere & geosphere

100. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrological cycle?

 a) precipitation
b) infiltration
c) transpiration
d) perspiration

101. The ground water depends on

a) Amount of rain fall
b) Geological formations
c) Run off
d) All of the above

102. in India ground water is rich in

a) Plains of rivers Kaveri and Krishna
b) The plains of Netravati and Kapila
c) The Gangetic plains
d) The Deccan plateau

103. The required Iron content in drinking water as specified by BIS is

a) 300 mg/l
b) 30 mg/l
c) 3 mg/l
d) 0.3 mg/l

104. Pick out which is not concerned to carbon cycle

a) Respiration
b) Combustion of fossil fuels
c) Photo synthesis
d) Transpiration