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If time for 75% completion is 5 min in a zero order reaction then find t50% ?
What will be remaining concentration of reactant A at t7/8 if initial

concentration is a0.
Reactions in which the rate of reaction is directly proportional to
concentration of reactant are said to be first order reactions.
Example
(a) 2N2O5 ⎯→ 4NO2 + O2
(b) NH4NO2 ⎯→ N2 + 2H2O

H+
(c) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH
(d) 2H2O2 ⎯→ 2H2O + O2
(e) All radioactive decay

A ⎯⎯→ Product
Concentration at (t = 0) a = [A]0 0
Concentration at (t = t s) (a–x) = [A]t x
Rate
d[Aሿ Slope = k
1
r= – =kA
dt
dx 1
=kA [Differential rate equation]
dt Concentration
Let us take the reaction, A ⎯→ Product n[A]t
d[Aሿ 1
– =kA
dt
At t
d[Aሿ Slope = – k
–න = k න dt
[Aሿ
A0 0
A
–ln[AሿAt0 = k(t)t0
t
–ln[A]t – (–ln[A]0) = k(t – 0) ln A t = ln A 0 – kt
–ln[A]t + ln [A]0 = kt y = c + mx
–ln[A]t = kt – ln[A]0 [Integrated rate equation]
ln A t = ln A 0 – kt log(a – x)
kt = ln A 0 – ln A t k
Slope = −
2.303
A0
kt = ln . . . . . (i)
At
A0 a
kt = 2.303 log10 or kt = 2.303 log
At a– x t
kt
= log10 (a) – log10 (a – x)
2.303
kt
log10 (a – x) = log10 (a) –
2.303
y = c + mx
From equation (i) [A]t
𝐀𝟎
𝐤𝐭 = 𝐥𝐧
𝐀𝐭
A0
= ekt
At
At t
= e–kt
A0
𝐀 𝐭 = 𝐀 𝟎 𝐞–𝐤𝐭 (Wilhelmy equation)
Unit of Rate Constant

k = time–1
The time in which half of the initial amount of reactant is consumed.
A0
At t = t1/2 , A t = t1/2
2
𝐴 0
𝑘𝑡 = 2.303 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐴 𝑡
2.303 A0
t1/2 = log10
k A 0 /2
[A]0
2.303
t1/2 = (log10 2)
k
Half-life period for first order
0.693 reaction is independent of the initial
𝑡1Τ2 =
𝑘 concentration of reactant.
The time in which 3/4th of the initial amount of reactant is consumed.
A0 𝐴 0
At t = t3/4 , A t= 𝑘𝑡 = 2.303 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
4 𝐴 𝑡
2.303 A0 2.303 2.303

t3/4 = log10 t3/4 = (log10 4) = (2log10 2)
k A 0 /4 k k
t 3Τ4 = 2 t 1Τ2
t3/4 for first order reaction is independent of the initial concentration of

reactant.
A ⎯⎯→ Product
Concentration at (t = t s) a − x = [A]t x
𝐴 0 or 𝐴 0
𝑘𝑡 = 2.303 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑘(𝑡 − 0) = 2.303 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐴 𝑡 𝐴 𝑡
A ⎯⎯→ Product
Concentration at (t = t1 s) a − x1 = A t1 x1
Concentration at (t = t2 s) a − x2 = A t2 x2
𝐴 𝐴
𝑘𝑡 = 2.303 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
0 or 𝑘(𝑡 − 0) = 2.303 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
0
𝐴 𝑡 𝐴 𝑡
A 2.303 a– x1
k(t 2 – t1 ) = 2.303 log
t1
or k= log (Interval Formula)
A t2 t 2 – t1 a– x2
where,
x1 and x2 are the amount consumed at time t1 and t2 respectively.
[A]0 = 100 M
% completion time
50% t1/2
t3/4 = t75% = 2 t1/2
50 M 75%
87.5% t1/2 t7/8 = t87.5% = 3 t1/2
t15/16 = t93.75% = 4 t1/2

25 M
t1/2 93.75%
12.5 M
t1/2 t99.9% = 10 t1/2
6.25 M
Numericals of 1st order reaction
If 1st order reaction gets 75% completed in 100 s then find t50% ?
In first order reaction, 75% of reaction gets completed in 100 seconds.
Find out time taken for t87.5% ?
How much time is required for conversion of reactant from 10 g to 1.25 g
in 1st order reaction (t1/2 is 10 min)?
Half life of a radioactive isotope is 12.3 yrs. If amount of isotope left
undecayed after 49.2 yrs is 3g, then find initial mass of isotope ?
A Ist order reaction takes 5 min for 80% completion of reaction when
initial concentration of reactant is 15 M then determine time required for
80% completion of same reaction when the initial concentration of
reactant used is 20 M.
If slope of graph between log (a – x) v/s t is –0.03 then find t1/2 ?
If t1/2 of 1st order reaction is 15 minutes then find ROR when
concentration of reactant is 0.5 M?
In first order reaction, time for 90% completion is 10 minutes then find
time for 99% completion?
In first order reaction 30% of reaction gets completed in 20 second then
find the time taken for 80% completion?
In Ist order reaction, rate of reaction is 0.04 mol L–1 s–1 at 10 s and 0.02
mol L–1 s–1 at 20 s. Find out t50% of reaction ?

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If time for 75% completion is 5 min in a zero order reaction then find t50% ?

What will be remaining concentration of reactant A at t7/8 if initial

(a) 2N2O5 ⎯→ 4NO2 + O2

(b) NH4NO2 ⎯→ N2 + 2H2O

(d) 2H2O2 ⎯→ 2H2O + O2

(e) All radioactive decay

–ln[A]t – (–ln[A]0) = k(t – 0) ln A t = ln A 0 – kt

𝐀 𝐭 = 𝐀 𝟎 𝐞–𝐤𝐭 (Wilhelmy equation)

Unit of Rate Constant

2.303 A0 2.303 2.303

t3/4 for first order reaction is independent of the initial concentration of

87.5% t1/2 t7/8 = t87.5% = 3 t1/2

t15/16 = t93.75% = 4 t1/2

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