Introduction:

A transmission line is a material or fracture that forms a path for directing the transmission of energy from one place to another, such as electromagnetic waves or awash wave, as well In communication and electronic engineering, the term has more specific meaning. In these fields, transmission line are specialized cable and other media designed to carry alternating current and electromagnetic waves of radio frequency that is currents with a frequency high enough that its wave nature must be taken into account. Transmission lines are used for purpose such as connecting radio transmitter and receivers with their unfit, distributing cable television signals, and computer network connection. Transmission line constitute the attains of an electric power system. The available ability of a well-developed, high capacity system of transmission line make it technically and economically fulsome to move large block of power over long distance. Usually transmission line performance is studies by considering constant power loads.

Objective:
y To measure and interpretation of current and voltage relationship of transmission line in matched-load operation. y To interpretation of terms characteristic wave impedance, lagging and leading operation, efficiency and transmission losses.

Theory:
Transmission line theory. The performance of a power is mainly dependent on the performance of the transmission line in the system. it is necessary to calculate the voltage, current and power at any point or, a transmission line provided the values at one point are known. The complex power of the receiving end of the transmission line is

For constant power factor angle, =

( )

and and and

for constant load power load. for constant current load. for constant impedance load.

A mixed load containing fraction a,b and c of constant power, constant current and constant impedance loads respectively is represented as follows:
 and

The generally line equation are

The receiving and load current

lags

by

where

is the reference phasor,

 lags

by .

And SIN Also,

Where

and

The receiving end current

is

The load power factor is

The transmission line loss

is calculated from

Apparatus:
1. Three phase supply unit 2. Power circuit breaker module 3. Three phase transformer 4. Transmission line mode 1 5. Transmission line capacitors 6. Resistive load 7. Ammeters 2.5A 8. Voltmeters 600V 9. Power meter ( active and reactive power ) 10. Set of safety connecting leads 11. Set of safety connecting leads ( green and yellow ) 12. Set of safety bridging plugs 13. Ste of safety bridging plugs (green and yellow )

Methods:
1. The connection of the components is to be carried out as specified in fig 2.8 ( circuit for investigation of the operation performance of a transmission line matched load operation ( line length 100 )) 2. After the circuit set up has been completed and checked, the transmission line model is initially set to 100% length while the value of the three phase transmission is set to 5% 3. Reduced the resistive load beginning from 100 in 9 uniform steps of reduce values of resistance ( 100,90,80.70,60,50,40,30,20,10 ) the measurements have been carried out rapidly, the experiment components are only exposed to high currents. 4. After that, the following quantity has been measured for each step such voltage current voltage table. 5. After the measured from experiment in fig 2.8 done completed, set the line length of the transmission line model to 100% again in order to determine the transmission line losses and efficiency in the case of matched load operation, leave the resistive load unchanged to the value of the characteristic wave impedance. 6. After that, set up the supply voltage to (un 5%, un, un -5%, un -10%, un -15%). Measured the voltage and current at both ends of the line for all possible supply voltages, ( which can be set on the secondary side of the three phase transformer. at the , active power and current and reactive power ,

, at the start of the line as well as the

at the end of the line, enter the values of measurements into

7. Based on the measured voltage and current value calculate the total active power beginning of the line and the total active power voltages. The equation P=U.I 8. The difference(

at the end of the line for the supply

( mach load only the active power is transmitted .

, provides the transmission losses of the line, while ratio

represents the efficiency of the transmission line. Measure the all results.

Result:
Te following quantities are be measured for each step: Voltage , current the voltage , active power , and reactive power at the start of the line as well as

and current R (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

at the end of the line : (A) 0.46 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.70 0.98 1.2 (W) 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.9 5.2 5.7 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.4 (W) 4.15 4.1 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.0 1.2 0.1 2.4 3.0 (V) 460 460 450 440 430 430 420 400 360 340 (A) 0.24 0.24 0.28 0.30 0.36 0.42 0.50 0.64 0.98 1.30

(V) 435 430 430 430 430 430 420 420 400 400

Results of measurements voltage and current both of line for all possible supply voltage can set on the secondary side of the three phase transformer. Supply voltage UN+5% UN UN-5% UN-10% UN-15% (V) 510 480 460 430 410 (A) 0.54 0.52 0.48 0.46 0.44 (V) 540 500 480 450 430 (A) 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.24

Calculation: The total active power the line for the supply voltage. P=U.I. ( in the case of matched load only the active power is transmitted ) at the beginning line, and the total active power at the end of

(P=

difference provides transmission losses of the line, ratio

the efficiency of the

transmission line. Supply voltage UN+5% UN UN-5% UN10% UN15% 477 432.3 382.4 342.6 312.5 280.6 242.5 232.8 202.6 178.7 (P Ratio

196.4 189.8 149.6 140.0 133.8

0.59 0.56 0.6 0.59 0.57

Discussion:
The performance of a power is mainly dependent on the performance of the transmission line in the system, if k necessary to calculate the voltage, current and power at any point on a transmission line provided the values at one point are known. In this experiment, interpretation of the terms characteristic wave impedance, lagging and leading operation and transmission losses. The quantities measured from the result reduce the resistor from 100-10, the voltage v1, v2 will decrease value, the active power P, reactive power Q, current I1, I2 will increase achieve the experiment. The result when measured voltage and current both of line for all possible supply voltage can set on the secondary side of three phase transformer, for its result will decrease with the decrease supply voltage. From the calculation, we used theoretical to calculate the P1,P2,(P and ratio in transmission line . the calculation result will not really accurate, this experiment study will change P and Q to measured.

Conclusion:
This experiment matched load performance characteristic in transmission line. The prove characteristics have measured and interpretation of current and voltage relationship of transmission line in matched load operation is achieved successfully accurate results.

DIVISION OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CODE COURSE EXPERIMENT NO. TITLE OF EXPERIMENT NAME MATRICS NUMBER SEMESTER GROUP LECTURER NAME DATE OF SUBMISSION 1-2011-2012 7 Mr. MESSIKH TAREQ 15 September 2011 Attendance Synopsis/Introduction Objective Theory Apparatus Method MARKS Result/Data/Calculation Discussion/Recommendation Q&A Conclusion Reference/Appendix Total COMMENTS Yes/No KKS 3181 POWER SYSTEM & ELECTRCAL MACHINE LAB

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MATCHED LOAD PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTIC