igcse_t&t_unit_3_answers
igcse_t&t_unit_3_answers
Coursebook answers
Unit 3
Travel and tourism in context: Games Los Angeles 2028/other major
international sporting event other than
Olympic city the 2024 Paris Olympics.
1 Possible response: travel agent, tour operator, Possible organisations involved: travel
transport operator/airline/train company, agent to sell package, tour operator to
accommodation provider/hotel, visitor assemble package, transport operator/
attraction (provider/operator), ancillary airline/train company for travel,
service/cycle/car hire/currency exchange accommodation provider/hotel to stay,
provider/bureau de change. visitor attraction (provider/operator) for
Others may be possible. excursions, ancillary service provider for
cycle/car hire/currency exchange.
2 Possible types to outline: public transport,
cycle, walking/on foot, zero emission buses, 6 Extension: To assess is to come to an informed
high-speed trains, trams. judgement. Learners may use new or prior
learning or own research.
Others may be possible.
Possible points: hosting the Olympic Games
3 Possible responses: already there, only ever can very much help the development of
visit, this is our holiday, time (at leisure) sustainable tourism in host cities such as Paris
between events, special interest, family because the city becomes the centre of world
pressure (keeping everyone happy), affordable, attention and host city governments want to
accessible, summer (good weather). give a good global impression at a time when
Others may be possible. sustainable and responsible tourism are very
much in demand; the growth of tourism and
4 Possible attractions: Eiffel Tower, Louvre development of tourism facilities in a host city
Museum, Disneyland Paris, Notre Dame will be a consequence of being a host city and
Cathedral, Arc de Triomphe, Montmartre, government policies are likely to encourage
Champs-Élysées, Palace of Versailles. new development to be sustainable.
Notes for response: research via internet search Others may be possible.
engine/brochures/travel guidebook(s); poster
or flyer to appeal to sports event spectators:
digital/physical (paper).
3.1 The role of tourism
5 a Possible responses: Winter Olympic
Games: Beijing 2022, Milan-Cortina 2026,
Olympic Games (after Paris 2024): Los
organisations
Angeles 2028; FIFA World Cup: final 2022 Case study: Australian adventures
Lusail/Doha, Qatar; 2026 various cities
(TBC) in USA, Canada and Mexico; FIFA 1
Women’s World Cup: 2023 various cities
in Australia and New Zealand; Women’s Package Number Number
Cricket World Cup final 2023 a city (TBC) tour of days of nights
in South Africa; Men’s Cricket World Cup A 17 16
final 2023 a city (TBC) in India. B 15 14
Others may be possible.
Completions: A 17 days, B 14 nights
b Possible events: Winter Olympics Beijing
2022/Milan-Cortina 2026/Olympic
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2 a Possible response: days include departure 5 a Possible discussion points: tourist types:
day so one more than number of nights. leisure, business, families, individuals,
couples, groups, independent travellers,
b Possible response: a holiday/trip/package/ responsible tourists, ecotourists, special
tour that includes travel/transport by both interest tourists and those with specific
air and self-drive (hire/rental) car. needs; factors in appeal: location, weather
Note: either within the tour or and seasonal characteristics, topographical
international travel by air and features, accessibility, travel and transport
local driving. gateways and hubs, infrastructure e.g.
public transport, roads, airports, ports,
c Possible response: directly online, built and natural attractions, culture e.g.
indirectly via travel agents (who traditions and language, arts, music.
could be online).
Others may be possible.
Others may be possible.
b Possible discussion points and providers:
3 Note for response: ‘compare’ means range of types of outlet/foods/qualities/
identify/comment on similarities and/or affordability level; restaurants, cafés, street
differences (CUPA, 2020). food vendors (sellers),
Possible response: similarities: accommodation takeaways (takeouts).
is included, both natural and built visit or Others may be possible.
attractions, ancillary service(s) provided.
c Possible practices: low-emission transport,
differences: accommodation types: A: budget/ alternative/renewable energy sources,
camping; B: hotels/luxury/all-inclusive, natural reducing resource use, reusing waste water,
and built visitor attractions: A: more rural, recycling materials and waste, minimising
inland; B: more urban, coastal, ancillary sociocultural impacts/preserving ways
service(s) provided: A: travel insurance, of life/traditions, maximising economic
trained tour guide; B: car hire. benefit to local people.
Others may be possible. Others may be possible.
4 a Possible explanation points: 6 Extension: To evaluate is to judge.
accommodation: A: budget/camping;
Possible points: Packages A and B have
B: hotels/luxury/all-inclusive because
similar overall levels of sustainability, being
of: nature of place/target market/
sustainable in slightly different ways; while
customer type.
on the one hand sustainable practices of
visitor attractions: A: more rural, inland; both A and B may include low-emission
B: more urban, coastal because of: nature transport, use of alternative/renewable energy
of place/target market/customer type. sources, reduced resource consumption, reuse
ancillary services: A: travel insurance, of waste water, recycling of materials and
trained tour guide; B: car hire because of: waste, minimisation of sociocultural impacts/
nature of place (A: more adventurous/ preserving ways of life/traditions and efforts
hazardous/requiring of information to maximise economic benefit to local people,
support)/target market/customer type on the other hand, Package B has more
(can afford/desire to move quickly/ apparently conventional accommodation, for
independently between locations). example, including luxury hotels which may be
sustainably managed but are not necessarily so.
Others may be possible.
Others may be possible.
b Possible points: nature of trip (budget
adventure vs more luxurious tour), size
of Australia/distance between places/ Activity 3.1
remoteness of Uluru/demand for 1 a Possible response: mass-market, specialist,
sustainable travel, difficulty of seeing all-inclusive, dynamic.
many attractions within one visit.
Others may be possible.
Others may be possible.
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Activity 3.4
1 Notes for response: possibilities include
a destination visited, home destination,
destination studied/investigated.
a Possible transport types: air, train, MRT,
underground, bus, taxi, bicycle, car,
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2 Possible descriptions: reduce/lower emissions, stations and near bus stops. Fortaleza has more
reduce congestion and therefore emissions, than 100 km of bus lanes reserved for public
encourage public transport use, fewer vehicles/ transport use. Fortaleza has more than 200 km
engines means less pollution per passenger, of cycle routes; tourists can hire cycles. The
carbon-replacement/alternative energy. Bicicletar bike share scheme attracts tourist
Others may be possible. families. Mini-bikes are available for children.
Alongside the main Praia de Meireles beach is
3 a Possible points: growing awareness of/ a flat 6 km paved route that cyclists can use.
desire for more sustainability/to be Others may be possible.
responsible tourists, mini bike/shared
bicycle hire suitable for adult and child
family members, widespread bus access Activity 3.5
(e.g. VFR), dedicated cycle routes (more 1 Possible responses: bicycles/shared bicycle/
than 200 km), flat along shore for 6 km electric scooter hire, public transport, hybrid/
therefore easy riding. hydrogen/electric/solar-powered buses/trains/
b Possible points: growing awareness of/ trams/cars/taxis, MRT/underground, low/
desire for more sustainability/to be reduced emissions/carbon fuel replacement/
responsible as business tourists, shared alternative energy aircraft/cruise ships/water
bicycle hire suitable for access to events/ taxis/ferries/-buses/trains/trams/cars/taxis,
leisure time, widespread bus access (e.g. integrated transport.
to event venues), dedicated cycle routes Others may be possible.
(more than 200 km), flat along shore for
6 km therefore easy riding, not got private Possible formats: poster/paper-based/digital.
transport (own car) with them so public Others may be possible.
transport necessary for moving around.
2 Possible ways: bigger, low-emission aircraft/cruise
Others may be possible. ships reduce emissions per passenger km, carbon-
replacements, e.g. hydrogen/hybrid, alternative
4 a Possible discussion points: more transport
types/users, denser networks, more energy sources, e.g. electricity from batteries/
solar power, congestion reduction, e.g. bus lanes,
opportunities and funds for development,
more demand, more publicity. availability of shared individual transport, e.g.
cycles/scooters, integrated transport.
Others may be possible.
Others may be possible.
b Possible discussion points: destinations
are where tourists go, not all tourists 3 Possible points: increased demand, raised
are on holiday/leisure; business (MICE) awareness, desire to be responsible, reduces
tourists and VFR are to all cities, cities impacts, can be cheaper (e.g. cycles, public
have historic attractions/shopping/ transport), efficiency/congestion reduction.
entertainment/restaurants/hotels, so yes. Others may be possible.
Others may be possible. 4 a Possible choices: low-emission aircraft,
etc., train rather than fly/drive, domestic
c Possible discussion points: shared electric
scooters, MRT, solar-powered buses, or more local rather than international/
increased bus lanes/bicycle routes, trams. far, slow travel.
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links to existing commuter rail line not there will be no other passengers sharing the
accessing airport or theme parks directly. journey. However, the greatest advantage of
the taxi over other forms of transport is the
whether considerations: sustainability (likely convenience of door-to-door travel, with no
to be environmental/economic), efficiency of changes and only minimal risk of cancellation
movement/congestion, destination quality, or delay.
marketing, global reputation/image strong
therefore not needed, relevance to target e Travel agencies, whether online or at a retail
market. outlet, can supply an extensive range of
products and services, and nearly all of these
4 Possible responses: flight to an Orlando will be readily available at the time a booking
airport from home area, transfer to hotel/ is made. A customer can buy a holiday
direct to theme park, choice of theme park, package, book flights and accommodation
sustainability considerations, behavioural and purchase a range of ancillary services
considerations, transport within Orlando. (such as buying travel insurance, booking an
Others may be possible. excursion or purchasing theme park tickets).
Online bookings can be made at any time
Exam-style questions: answers of the day, whereas in-store bookings can
only take place when the retail outlet is open.
Question 1 Making bookings via the internet is quick
a The number of passengers handled by Dubai and easy, provided the client has internet
International was 86.4 million and the number access either at home or at work, and has their
of passengers flying to India was 11.9 million. debit or credit card details to hand. However,
although very convenient, it is not always
b There are many ways in which Dubai possible to ask questions, or seek clarification
International is a passenger-friendly or advice. Accordinly, many individuals
international airport. The image in Figure 10 prefer to visit the retail outlet in person where
shows the use of clear signage, which enables they can have face-to-face contact with a
passengers to easily find their way to the member of the agency’s staff. This provides
appropriate departure gates. Similarly, the use them with a degree of safety and security
of new technologies such as smart gates has which transactions over the internet cannot
seen passenger waiting times being reduced, provide. Furthermore, certain travel-related
therefore allowing easier and quicker access to actions can only take place in-store, such as
the departure area. the examination of travel documents. The
travel agent will offer advice to the traveller,
c The main characteristics of long-haul
such as about passport and visa information
scheduled air services include the following:
to minimise the risk of possible delays and
these services fly to a fixed timetable and
restrictions. Also, many travel agencies have
operate regardless of load. They use major
international airports, and carriers such as a foreign exchange counter, usually offered
Emirates will fly into/out of a hub location at competitive rates, so that customers can
such as Dubai. They have more than one class obtain their travel money; this requires the
of travel (First, Business and Economy), offer traveller to actually visit the retail outlet.
flexible ticketing, and provide passengers with Customers go in person to a retail travel
free food and drink during the flight. agency not just to book a holiday package
but also to take advantage of the opportunity
d There are many advantages for travellers to purchase a range of ancillary services.
who use taxis for their airport transfers. To Many clients appreciate this because it allows
begin with, travellers will have peace of mind them to complete all aspects of their trip at
because they can arrange a pick-up at a time one time. Indeed, many customers prefer the
suitable for them, which means less waiting in personalised service that is provided, giving
queues. They will not have to carry or move them the opportunity to ask questions and
their bags because all luggage will be carried to clarify any issues that may arise during the
in the car, making it much more convenient. booking process, such as which services are
A car is much more comfortable than a bus or most appropriate for their trip.
train and gives the traveller greater privacy as
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