Answers

135. 16 + 72i 136. − 60 − 24i 5. − 2 6. 6848 7. 15,651

137. − 39 − 4i 138. 79 + 16i 8. g ( x) → +∞ as x → + ∞ and g ( x) → +∞ as

x → −∞.
139. 47 − i 140. 27 − 36i

141. − 23 + 264i 142. 80 + 18i 9. h( x) → −∞ as x → + ∞ and h( x) → +∞ as

x → −∞.
143. a. 23 lb
b. $0.45 10. y 11. y
4
c. about $0.91
2
2
Chapter 4 h(x) = x 3 − 2x + 3
−4 −2 2 4 x
4.1 Start Thinking 2 x

5 q(x) = x 4 − 2
−4
g(x) = x4
−5 5

f(x) = x3 12. k(x) = 2x 2 + 3 − x 3 13. f(x) = x 5 − 2x 3 + 1

y y
−5

The graph of f ( x) = x3 is a curvy line that is moving

4

2 2
upward from left to right as x increases. The graph of
g ( x) = x 4 is similar to a parabola that opens up with
−2 2 x −2 2 x
its vertex at the origin. Both graphs have positive
y-values when x is positive. When x is negative, the
y-values of f ( x) are negative, and the y-values of 14. f is increasing when x > 3. f is decreasing when
x < 3. f is positive when x < 2 and x > 4. f is
g ( x) are positive; The exponent is even; yes; (0, 0) negative when 2 < x < 4.
and (1, 1)
15. f is increasing when x < −1.2 and x > 1.2. f is
4.1 Warm Up decreasing when −1.2 < x < 1.2. f is positive
1. − 20 2. 39 3. 10 when − 2 < x < 0 and x > 2. f is negative when
x < − 2 and 0 < x < 2.
4. 40 5. − 45.8 6. 33.96
16. The degree is even and the leading coefficient is
4.1 Cumulative Review Warm Up negative.
1. down 2. up 3. down 4. up
4.1 Practice B
4.1 Practice A 1. not a polynomial function
1. polynomial function;
2. polynomial function; f ( x) = 11x 2 + 12 x − 7,
f ( x) = 5 x3 + 4 x 2 − 3x − 7, degree is 3, cubic,
degree is 2, quadratic, leading coefficient is 11
leading coefficient is 5
3. polynomial function;
2. not a polynomial function
1 2 5
g ( x) = 2 x 4 − 14 x 3 −
x + 2 x − , degree
3. polynomial function; 3 3
1 2 is 4, quartic, leading coefficient is 2
g ( x) = x 4 − 4 x3 − x + 2 x + 10, degree is 4,
3
quartic, leading coefficient is 1 4. not a polynomial function

4. polynomial function; f ( x) = 8 x 2 − 3x + 2, 5. 1841 6. − 47

9
7. − 85

degree is 2, quadratic, leading coefficient is 8

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8. g ( x) → −∞ as x → + ∞ and g ( x) → −∞ as 15.
6
y
f
x → −∞.
−4 2 x

9. h( x) → +∞ as x → + ∞ and h( x) → −∞ as −6

x → −∞.
−12

10. q(x) = x 4 − x 3 − 5x 2 −18

y
4
The degree is odd and the leading coefficient is
−4 2 4 x positive.
−4
16. Sample answer: − 2 ≤ x ≤ 8; − 5 ≤ y ≤ 50
−8 y

−12 40
h
30

11. y
h(x) = 4 − 2x 2 − x 4 20

2 10

−4 −2 2 4 x 2 4 x

−2

4.1 Enrichment and Extension

−4

1. y ≈ 1.17 x 4 − 14.33x3 + 60.83x 2 − 102.67 x + 56

12. 13.
2. y ≈ 0.12 x 4 − 2.89 x3 + 23.51x 2 − 76.96 x + 84
k(x) = x5 − 2x 4 +x−2 f(x) = x6 − 3x 5 + 2x 3 +x+1
y
6
y 3. y ≈ − 0.29 x 4 + 1.07 x3 + 1.96 x 2 − 5.93x − 0.60
2

−4 −2 2 4 x 4. y ≈ 1.39 × 10−4 x 4 − 0.03 x 3 + 2.78 x 2 − 88.57 x

−4 −2 4 x
−6 + 969.47
−12
4.1 Puzzle Time
−18
COBWEBS

4.2 Start Thinking

14. 4
y
f Sample answer:
−2 2 4 x
(x + 1)( x − 1) = x 2 − x + x − 1 = x 2 − 1;
−4

−8
(x + 3)( x − 3) = x 2 − 3x + 3x − 9 = x 2 − 9;
yes; In each example, the middle terms cancel out,
−12
leaving only two terms. The first term is the square of
the first term in each binomial. The second term is the
The degree is even and the leading coefficient is square of the second term in each binomial;
negative.
(x + 1)( x + 1) = x 2 + x + x + 1 = x 2 + 2 x + 1;

(x − 3)( x − 3) = x 2 − 3x − 3x + 9 = x 2 − 6 x + 9;
no; The signs are the same inside the binomials, so the
middle terms no longer cancel.

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4.2 Warm Up
4.2 Practice B
1. 7 2. − x + 7 3. 28m + 21
1. 8 x 7 + 15 x 6 − 2 x5 + x3 − 6 x + 2
4. 10r 5. − 3z 2 − 2 z 6. − 2m − 4 p
2. 14 x 4 − 7 x3 − 4 x + 5

4.2 Cumulative Review Warm Up 3. − 3x5 + 3x 4 − 8 x 2 + 10 x + 9

2
25  5
2. 9; ( z + 3)
2
1. ; x +  4. 9 x 4 + 5 x3 − 6 x 2 − 7 x + 11
4  2

2 5. x 4 − 10 x3 + 13x 2 + 48 x + 12
625  25 
3. 36; ( w − 6)
2
4. ; x − 
4  2 6. −10 x 4 − 19 x3 + 7 x 2 + 14 x − 4

2
729  27  7. 4 x 4 − 11x3 + 20 x 2 − 18 x + 12
5. 16; ( x − 4)
2
6. ; s + 
4  2
8. 3 x 6 − 6 x 5 + x 4 + 3 x 3 − 40 x 2 − 25 x
4.2 Practice A
9. The exponents were multiplied instead of added;
1. 4 x 2 + 7 x − 9
( )
4 x 2 3 x 4 − 2 x 3 + 7 = 12 x 6 − 8 x 5 + 28 x 2

2. 7 x 5 + 5 x 4 + 3 x 2 − 3 x − 5
10. 6 x3 − 14 x 2 − 14 x + 6
3. 5 x 4 + 2 x3 − 4 x 2 − 9
11. 8 x 3 − 26 x 2 − 67 x − 15
4. − 4 x3 + 4 x 2 − 4 x + 2
12. −16 x3 + 12 x 2 + 28 x − 15

5. 8 x 4 + x3 − 3x 2 − 4 x + 6
13. 8 x3 − 30 x 2 + 13x + 30

6. 7 x 5 − 6 x 4 + 13 x 3 − 3 x 2 + 12 x + 8
14. 9 x 2 − 25

7. 7 x 2 + 9 x − 8
15. 36t 2 + 84t + 49

8. 15 x 4 + 35 x3 + 30 x 2
16. p 2 q 2 + 4 pq + 4

9. − 20 x 7 + 18 x6 + 14 x5 − 8 x 4
17. a. Sample answer: (3 x − 1)( x + 6)
2

10. − 24 x3 + 25 x 2 − 9 x + 2 b. 3 x 3 + 35 x 2 + 96 x − 36

11. − 3x3 − 20 x 2 − 21x − 54 4.2 Enrichment and Extension

1. a = 3, b = 4, c = 2
12. The negative was distributed incorrectly;
( )
− 3 x 2 4 x 2 − 5 x + 7 = −12 x 4 + 15 x 3 − 21x 2 2. a = 1, b = 3, c = 2, d = 5

13. x3 − 13 x + 12 3. a = 0, b = 2, c = − 4, d = 10

14. x3 − 13x 2 + 24 x + 108 4. a = − 4, b = 3, c = 5, d = −13

15. 4 x3 + 8 x 2 − 15 x − 9 5. a = 7, b = 0, c = 1

16. 12 x3 − 25 x 2 − 87 x − 20 6. a = 9, b = − 30, c = − 5 or a = 9, b = 30,

c = 5
17. x 2 − 64 18. y 2 + 8 y + 16

19. 4 p 2 − 12 p + 9

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7. 1 4.3 Practice A
1 1 42 5
1 2 1 1. x + 6 + 2. 2 x + 3 +
x −5 x − 2
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1 3 2
1 5 10 10 5 1 3. x + 1 + 2
4. 6 x − 1 + 2
x −9 x + 2
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
28 12
8. (x + 1) = x 6 + 6 x 5 + 15 x 4 + 20 x 3 +
6
5. x + 9 +
x −3
6. 3 x − 8 −
x −1
15 x 2 + 6 x + 1
15 15
7. 2 x − 5 + 8. x 2 − 3 x + 7 −
9. ( 2 y − 2)
6 6 5 4
= 64 y − 384 y + 960 y − x + 2 x + 3
1280 y + 960 y 2 − 384 y + 64
3
50 4
9. x + 5 + 10. 5 x + 2 +
x −5 x −1
10. (1 − y )
6
= 1 − 6 y + 15 y 2 − 20 y 3 +
15 y 4 − 6 y 5 + y 6 11. k = − 3;
−3 1 2 0 7
11. x12
− 3 3 −9
−1 3 − 2
( x2 − 2) = x12 − 12 x10 + 60 x8 − 160 x 6 + 1
6
12.

240 x 4 − 192 x 2 + 64 x3 + 2 x 2 + 7 2
= x2 − x + 3 −
x +3 x +3
13. (bc + de)
6
= b 6 c 6 + 6b5 c 5 de + 15b 4 c 4 d 2 e 2 +
12. 28 13. 41 14. 8 15. 18
20b3c3 d 3e3 + 15b 2 c 2 d 4 e4 + 6bcd 5 e5 + d 6 e6
16. x 3 + x 2 − 3 x + 3; Multiply the result by x + 1.
4.2 Puzzle Time
A WALKIE TALKIE 4.3 Practice B
6
4.3 Start Thinking 1. x + 3 + 2
x − 4
(x + 2)( x − 1); Inverse operations undo one another,
so if two binomials are multiplied to make a product, 17 x
2. 4 x 2 − 2 x + 9 −
you can divide the product by one binomial to obtain x2 + x − 4
the other binomial; no; Factoring will only work as
division if there is no remainder. It is possible to divide 90 x
3. 2 x 2 + 10 x + 14 +
polynomials that are not factorable. x2 − 5x − 2

4.3 Warm Up 7
4. 4 x − 7 −
1. 13(t + 3 y ) 2. 3k ( k − 1) x − 2

12
3. ab (5ab − a + 11b) 4. (x + 5)( x − 5) 5. x 2 − 3 x +
x +3
5. ( n − 11)( n − 2) 6. 3 ( x + 7)( x + 3)
32
6. x + 4 +
x − 4
4.3 Cumulative Review Warm Up
1 4
1. g ( x) = 3x − 2 2. g ( x ) = x +1 7. 2 x 2 − 7 x + 7 −
4 x +1

x 1 102
3. g ( x) = + 8. x 3 + x 2 − 10 x + 29 −
3 3 x + 4

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820 2. y
x = 0.625
9. x 3 − 4 x 2 + 24 x − 140 + 4
x + 6
2 (0.625, 1.5625)
10. The powers in the quotient are too large by 1. The
remainder ( − 2) was not divided by ( x + 3); −4 −2 2 4 x

y = −4x2 + 5x
−3 1 2 0 7
− 3 3 −9
1 −1 3 − 2 3. x = 2.3
3 2 y
x + 2x + 7 2 y = 5x 2 − 23x + 8
= x2 − x + 3 − 8
x +3 x +3

11. 7 12. −10 13. 305 −8 8 16 x

−8

14. − 95 15. k = 4 −16

(2.3, −18.45)

4.3 Enrichment and Extension

1. y = −3 x − 3 2. y = x + 5
4. 4
y

3. y = 2 x + 1 4. y = x + 6 2

5. y = − 2 x − 4 6. y = ax + b − ad −4 2 4 x

4.3 Puzzle Time (−1, −2) y = x2 + 2x − 1

x = −1
HE WAS ALWAYS WILLING TO LEND AN EAR

4.4 Start Thinking

5. y
8
yes; You can group the terms with coefficients of 3
and 21 together, or you can group the terms with 6
coefficients of − 5 and 40 together; yes; You can group
3x and 21xy together, and you can group − 5 and 40y
(0.5, 2.75)
together. y = x2 − x + 3
x = 0.5
4.4 Warm Up −4 −2 2 4 x

1. 3y 2. 2rs 3. 3x
6. y
4
4. yz 5. ab 6. xy
2
y = 2x2 + 3x + 1
4.4 Cumulative Review Warm Up
(−0.75, −0.125) 2 x
1. x = −0.5
y
x = −0.75

−8 −4 4 8 x 4.4 Practice A
1. x ( x − 4)( x + 3) 2. 9 p5 ( p + 2)( p − 2)
(−0.5, −6)
y = 4x2 + 4x − 5

3. 3n 4 ( n − 8)( n − 3) 4. 2k 2 ( k + 11)( k − 11)

5. w2 ( 2w + 3)( w − 5) 6. q 4 (3q + 4)( q − 7)

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7. (x + 3)( x 2 − 3 x + 9) ( )
14. 9 g 2 + 25 (3 g + 5)(3 g − 5)

8. (y + 10)( y 2 − 10 y + 100) (
15. 2t 2 t 3 + 5 t 3 − 2)( ) (
16. 5v 2 v 4 − 3 v 4 − 2 )( )
(
9. ( w − 5) w2 + 5w + 25 ) 17. yes 18. no

19. no 20. no
10. (y − 3)( y 2 + 4) 11. ( q − 2) q 2 + 9 ( )
21. Sample answer: f ( x) = 2 x3 + 7 x 2 − 4 x;
12. ( d + 5) 2d ( 2
+ 3) 13. (x − 6)( x − 3)( x + 3) (x + 4); x ( x + 4)( 2 x − 1) = 2 x3 + 7 x 2 − 4 x

( )(
14. 6 p 2 − 5 6 p 2 + 5 ) (
15. n 2 + 4 n 2 + 7 )( ) 22. a. ( x − ( − 4) )
2
+ y 2 = 32 ; ( h, k ) = ( − 4, 0),
r = 3
16. ( y2 + 4)( y + 2)( y − 2)
y
4

17. no 18. yes 19. yes 20. no

2

21. Sample answer: f ( x) = x + 5 x − 6 x; ( x − 1);

3 2
−6 −4 −2 x
x ( x − 1)( x + 6) = x3 + 5 x 2 − 6 x −2

−4
22. k = 9; f ( x) = 3x3 − 17 x 2 − 9 x + 18;
3 x 3 − 17 x 2 − 9 x + 18 = ( x − 6)(3 x 2 + x − 3) − 5) + y 2 = 2 2 ; ( h, k ) = (5, 0), r = 2
b. (x 2

(
23. a. a 2 + b 2 (5c − 3d )) 4
y

( xn + 3)
2 2
b.
2 4 6 x
4.4 Practice B −2

1. 5t 3 (t + 8)(t − 8) 2. 2 p 4 ( p − 7)( p − 6) −4

3. 3x 2 ( x + 12)( x − 12) 4. a 4 (5a + 9)( a − 5)

( x − 2)2 + ( y − (− 3))
2
c. = 42 ;
5. j 7 ( 2 j − 3)(6 j − 5) 6. q8 (3q + 4)(5q + 6) (h, k ) = (2, − 3), r = 4
y

(
7. 2 p 6 ( p − 2) p 2 + 2 p + 4 ) −2 2 4 6 x

(
8. 25k 5 ( k + 4) k 2 − 4k + 16 ) −2

−4

9. 2 w (3w − 2) 9 w + 6 w + 4
4
( 2
)
10. (x − 7)( x 2 + 5)
4.4 Enrichment and Extension
11. ( m − 2)( m + 4)( m − 4) 1. 27 2. −18 3. 3

12. ( w − 3)(3w + 2)(3w − 2) 4. − 4 5. −1 6. 6

13. ( s + 4)(5s + 1)(5s − 1) (

7. x 5 − y 5 ) = ( x − y )( x 4 + x3 y + x 2 y 2 +
xy 3 + y4 )

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(
8. a 7 + b 7 ) = ( a + b)( a 6 − a 5b + a 4 b 2 − a 3b 3 + 2. k = − 3, k = 0 3. y = 0, y = 1

a 2b4 − ab5 + b6 ) 4. n = − 3, n = −2, n = 3

(
9. a14 − b14 ) = (a 7 + b7 )(a7 − b7 ) = 5. p = 0, p = ± 7 6. u = 0, u = ± 2

(a + b)(a − b)(a 6 − a 5b + a 4 b 2 − a 3b3 + 7. x = − 4, x = 0, x = 3

a 2 b 4 − ab5 + b 6 )( a 6 + a 5b + a 4 b 2 + a 3b3 + y

a 2 b 4 + ab5 + b 6 ) −2 2 4 x

10. ( x10 − y10 ) = ( x 5 + y 5 )( x 5 − y 5 ) = −40

f(x) = x 4 + x 3 − 12x 2
(x + y )( x − y )( x − x y + x y − xy + y
4 3 2 2 3 4
) −60

(x 4 3 2 2
+ x y + x y + xy + y 3 4
)
8. x = − 2, x = 2
4.4 Puzzle Time
QUARTERBACK g(x) = x 4 − 8x 2 + 16
y
18
4.5 Start Thinking
5

−10 10
6
f(x) = x3 − 6x2

−4 −2 2 4 x

−40 −6

(0, 0) and (6, 0); The function simplifies to 0 = 0;

9. x = − 3, x = 0, x = 5
These points have x-values which yield a y-value of
zero, meaning the graph crosses the x-axis. These are h(x) = x 5 − 2x 4 − 15x3
the only points that can be inserted into the function y

f ( x) = x3 − 6 x 2 to get this result.

−2 2 4 x

−100
4.5 Warm Up
−200
1
1. t = − 2. x = − 5
4 −300

3. r = − 60 4. z = 20 −400

5. m = − 2 6. b = 20
10. x = − 4, x = −1, x = 0
4.5 Cumulative Review Warm Up
f(x) = −3x 3 − 15x 2 − 12x
1. x < − 5 or x > 5 y
40

2. − 9 ≤ x ≤ − 3 3. x < − 5 or x > −1 20

4. − 5 < x < 5 5. x < − 3 or x > 1 −6 −2 2 x

−20

6. 1 < x < 8
−40

4.5 Practice A
1. q = − 5, q = 0, q = 6 11. C

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12. The factors of 18 include ±1 and ±18; 10. x = − 3, x = 3, x = 4
f ( x) = x + 3x − 8 x − 18;
3 2
f(x) = x 3 − 4x 2 − 9x + 36
y
Possible zeros: ±1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 6, ± 9, ±18

13. x = 3, x = − 3
20

14. x = −1, x = 2, x = − 3
−2 2 4 x

−20
15. Sample answer: f ( x) = 4 x3 + 4 x 2 − 9 x − 9;
 3  3
f   = 0; f  −  = 0
 2  2 11. B

16. a. k = −18 b. k = − 31 12. The factors of 2 include ± 2;

f ( x) = 2 x3 + 5 x 2 − 2 x − 6;
4.5 Practice B
1 3
3 Possible zeros: ±1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 6, ± , ±
1. x = − , x = 0 2. h = 0, h = ± 2 2 2
2
3
13. x =
1 2
3. q = ± 4. w = ± 3
2
14. x = − 2, x = 3, x = 4
5. p = − 2, p = ± 5 6. y = ± 3, y = 8
15. Sample answer:
7. x = − 2, x = 0, x = 6 f ( x) = 25 x3 − 50 x 2 − 49 x + 98;
f(x) = −5x 4 + 20x 3 + 60x 2 7  7
y
f   = 0; f  −  = 0
5  5
800

16. height is 11 cm, side length is 9 cm

400

4.5 Enrichment and Extension

−4 4 x
1. P ( x) = − 7 x 2 − 7 x + 14

8. x = − 6, x = 0, x = 5
2. P ( x) = x3 − 3x + 2
g(x) = −x 3 − x 2 + 30x

( )
3. P ( x ) = a x 4 − x 3 − 6 x 2 , a can be any real
y

100
number
4
4. P ( x) = 3x 4 + 12 x3 − 3x 2 + 48 x − 60
x

−100

5. P ( x) = −3x3 − 3x 2 + 21x + 45
9. x = − 2, x = −1, x = 2
4.5 Puzzle Time
h(x) = x 3 + x 2 − 4x − 4
y IT WAS A BREEZE WITH ONLY A FEW FOGGY
40
PATCHES
20

−4 2 4 x

−20

−40

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4.6 Start Thinking 3. f(x) = x
Sample answer: 4
y

g(x) = x + 6
2
Function Number of
x-intercepts
−6 −4 −2 x

f ( x) = x + 4 1 −2

g ( x) = x 2 − 5 2 −4

h ( x) = x 3 + 3 x 2 − x − 1 3 The graph of g ( x) = x + 6 is a horizontal

translation 6 units left of the parent absolute value
j ( x) = x 4 − x3 − 4 x 2 + 1 4
function.

The degree of the function and the number of x- 4. y

4
intercepts are the same; no; Sometimes, there are
2
solutions to polynomial functions that are imaginary
h(x) = −x f(x) = x
numbers, which are not shown on the graph of the
−4 −2 2 4 x
function.
−2

4.6 Warm Up −4
1. 4 2. 3 3. 5
Sample answer: The graph of h( x) = − x is a
4. 6 5. 3 6. 5
reflection in the x-axis of the parent linear function.
4.6 Cumulative Review Warm Up
4.6 Practice A
1. y
1. 4 2. 3 3. 5 4. 6
2
f(x) = x 5. − 3, − 2i, 2i, 3 6. − 3, −1, 1, 2
−2 2 x

−2 7. 0, 1, − 3i, 3i 8. − 3, − 2, 2, 3
−4
g(x) = x − 5 9. 4; The graph shows 1 real zero, so the remaining
zeros must be imaginary.
The graph of g ( x) = x − 5 is a vertical
10. 0; There are 4 zeros for this function. The graph
translation 5 units down of the parent linear crosses the x-axis twice and touches the x-axis once
function. at the repeated zero, leaving 0 imaginary zeros.
2. 11. f ( x) = x3 + x 2 − 10 x + 8
y
4

2
f(x) = x2 12. f ( x) = x3 − 4 x 2 + x + 6
−4 −2 2 4 x

−2 13. f ( x) = x3 − 2 x 2 − 3x + 6

−4
14. Sample answer:
f ( x) = x5 − 2 x3 − 2 x 2 − 3 x − 2; Because i is a
The graph of f ( x) = x 2 is the parent quadratic
zero, −i is also a zero. The graph touches the x-axis
function, so there was no transformation. at −1 (has a multiplicity of 2) and the graph crosses
the x-axis at 2.

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15. 4.6 Enrichment and Extension
Positive Negative Imaginary Total
real zeros real zeros zeros zeros 1. a and b. f ( x) = ( x + 2)( x + 4)( x + 3)( x − 5)

2 1 0 3 c. − 4, − 3, − 2, 5

0 1 2 3
(
2. a. f ( x ) = ( x + 5)( x − 2) x 2 − 8 x + 13 )
16.
Positive Negative Imaginary Total b. f ( x) = ( x + 5)( x − 2)  x − 4 −
 ( 3
 )
real zeros real zeros zeros zeros
1 1 2 4
(
x − 4 +
 )
3

c. − 5, 2, 4 − 3, 4 + 3
17.
Positive Negative Imaginary Total
real zeros real zeros zeros zeros (
3. a. f ( x ) = ( x − 4)( 4 x − 3) x 2 − 4 x + 13 )
3 2 0 5 b. f ( x ) = ( x − 4)( 4 x − 3)  x − ( 2 + 3i )
3 0 2 5  x − ( 2 − 3i )
1 2 2 5 3
c. , 4, 2 − 3i, 2 + 3i
1 0 4 5 4

4.6 Practice B (
4. a. f ( x ) = ( x + 2)( x + 1) x 2 − 6 x + 4 )
1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 6 b. f ( x) = ( x + 2)( x + 1)  x − 3 +
 ( 5
 )
5. −1, 1, 2, 2 6. 3, 3, 3, 3
(
x − 3 −
 )
5

7. − 2, − 2, −1, −1, 2 8. − 3, − 2, − 2, 2, 3
c. − 2, − 1, 3 − 5, 3 + 5
9. 2; Sample answer: There are four zeros for this
function. The graph crosses the x-axis twice, 5. a. f ( x ) = ( x + 3)( x − 5) x 2 − 2 ( )
leaving two imaginary zeros.
b. f ( x ) = ( x + 3)( x − 5) x + ( )(
2 x − 2 )
10. 2; Sample answer: There are three zeros for this
function. The graph crosses the x-axis only once, c. − 3, − 2, 5, 2
leaving two imaginary zeros.
6. a. f ( x ) = ( x − 3)( x + 4)( 2 x − 1) x 2 + 9 ( )
11. f ( x) = x − 8 x + 22 x − 20
3 2

b. f ( x) = ( x − 3)( x + 4)( 2 x − 1)( x + 3i )

12. f ( x) = x − 2 x + 6 x − 8 x + 8
4 3 2
(x − 3i )

13. f ( x) = x3 − 3x 2 − 7 x + 21
1
c. − 4, − 3i, ,3
2
14. Complex zeros come in pairs, so the remaining zero 4.6 Puzzle Time
cannot be complex.
A PUP TENT
15. C

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4.7 Start Thinking 4.7 Cumulative Review Warm Up

Function Transformation Function Transformation 1. The graph of g ( x) = x 2 + 5 is a vertical

translation 5 units up of the graph of the parent
g ( x) = Translation g ( x) = Reflection
2 units right in the x-axis quadratic function.
(x − 2)
5
− x5
g(x) = x2 + 5
y
g ( x) = Translation g ( x) = Horizontal shrink
2 units left by a factor
(x + 2)
5
( 2 x )5 of 12
4
f(x) = x2
−8 −4 4 8 x
g ( x) = Translation g ( x) = Horizontal stretch
2 units down by a factor −4
x5 − 2
( 12 x)
5
of 2
−8

g ( x) = Translation g ( x) = Vertical stretch

2. The graph of g ( x ) = ( x − 1) is a horizontal
2
2 units up by a factor
5 5
x + 2 2x of 2
translation 1 unit right of the graph of the parent
quadratic function.
The transformations of g ( x) = x5 behave in the same
g(x) = (x − 1)2
manner as other parent function transformations. y
4
Numbers added or subtracted inside parentheses
translate the graph left or right, and numbers added or
subtracted outside the parentheses translate the graph f(x) = x2
up or down. Numbers multiplied inside the parentheses −4 −2 2 4 x
horizontally stretch or shrink the graph, and numbers −2
multiplied outside the parentheses vertically stretch or
−4
shrink the graph.

3. The graph of g ( x ) = ( x + 2) is a horizontal

2
4.7 Warm Up
1. Sample answer: The graph of g is a vertical stretch translation 2 units left of the graph of the parent
by a factor of 5 of the graph of the parent function. quadratic function.

2. The graph of h is a reflection in the x-axis, followed g(x) = (x + 2)2

y
1 4
by a vertical shrink by a factor of of the graph of
3
the parent function. f(x) = x2
−4 −2 2 4 x
3. Sample answer: The graph of g is a vertical stretch
−2
by a factor of 2 of the graph of the parent function.
−4
4. The graph of f is a reflection in the x-axis, followed
4. The graph of g ( x ) = (x − 5) + 3 is a horizontal
2
1
by a vertical shrink by a factor of of the graph of
2 translation 5 units right, followed by a vertical
the parent function. translation 3 units up of the graph of the parent
quadratic function.
g(x) = (x − 5)2 + 3
y
8

4
f(x) = x2

−8 −4 4 8 x

−4

−8

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4.7 Practice A 5. The graph of g is a vertical shrink by a factor of 32 ,
1. The graph of g is a vertical translation 2 units down followed by a vertical translation 5 units down of
of the graph of the parent function f. the graph of the parent function f.
y
y
1
2
−4 −2 2 4 x
f
−4 −2 2 4 x
f g
−4
g
−4

2. The graph of g is a horizontal translation 3 units left

6. The graph of g is a vertical shrink by a factor of 12 ,
of the graph of the parent function f.
y followed by a horizontal translation 2 units right of
4
the graph of the parent function f.
2 y
g f
f g
6
−6 −2 2 x

−2 4

−4 2

−2 2 4 x
3. The graph of g is a reflection in x-axis, followed by
a vertical stretch by a factor of 5 of the graph of the
7. g ( x ) = (x − 1) + 2
3
parent function f.
y
4
y

2 f
4
f g

−4 −2 2 4 x

−4 −2 2 4 x
g

4. The graph of g is a vertical stretch by a factor of 4,

followed by a vertical translation 3 units down of The graph of g is a horizontal translation 1 unit
the graph of the parent function f. right of the graph of the parent function f.

8. g ( x) = 2 x 4 − 6 x + 2
y

2
y

−4 −2 2 4 x
f
f
−2
g

−4 −2 2 4 x
g
−2

−4

The graph of g is a vertical stretch by a factor of 2

of the graph of the parent function f.

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9. The parent function was translated 2 units down 4. The graph of g is a vertical stretch by a factor of 3,
instead of 2 units up. followed by a vertical translation 2 units up of the
y graph of the parent function f.
y
4 6

4
−4 4 x

−4
f g

−4 −2 2 4 x

10. g ( x ) = ( − x − 2) + 5
3
−2

1 4 5 5. The graph of g is a vertical shrink by a factor of 13 ,

11. g ( x ) = x − x −
3 3
followed by a vertical translation 3 units down of
the graph of the parent function f.
12. a. W ( x) = 27 x3 + 12 x + 3
y
b. Z ( x) = 46,656 x3 + 144 x + 3 4

g
2
f
4.7 Practice B
−4 −2 2 4 x
1. The graph of g is a horizontal translation 3 units
right, followed by a vertical translation 2 units −2

down of the graph of the parent function f. −4

y
4

f g 6. The graph of g is a vertical shrink by a factor of 32 ,

2
followed by a horizontal translation 3 units left of
−2 6 x the graph of the parent function f.
−2 y
6
−4
4

f
2. The graph of g is a horizontal translation 1 unit g
2

right, followed by a vertical translation 4 units up

−4 −2 2
of the graph of the parent function f. x

−2
y

6 g
1 1
4 7. g ( x ) = − x 3 + x 2 −
4 2
2
f y
g
−4 −2 2 4 x 4
f

−2 2 x
3. The graph of g is a reflection in the x-axis, followed
by a vertical stretch by a factor of 3 of the graph of
the parent function f. −8

y
4

g f The graph of g is a reflection in the x-axis, followed

2
1
by a vertical shrink by a factor of of the graph of
−4 −2 2 4 x 4
the parent function f.

−4

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8. g ( x) = x 4 − x + 3 4.8 Start Thinking
y 15

6
g −10 10

2
f −15

−4 −2 2 4 x The shape of the graph of the function is a rounded

“N”; There is one zero where − 2 < x < −1, another
zero where −1 < x < 0, and a third zero where
The graph of g is a reflection in the y-axis, followed
1 < x < 2; no; The y-values are changing signs, but
by a vertical translation 2 units up of the graph of
the parent function f. the table does not show an x-value when y = 0.

9. The graph of g is a vertical stretch by a factor of 4, 4.8 Warm Up

not a vertical shrink by a factor of

1
, of the graph 1. (5, − 33) 2. (3, 12) 3. ( − 2, −19)
4
of the parent function f ( x) = x 4 ; The graph of g is 4 1
4.  , 5  5. (8, 45) 6. ( 2, 10)
a vertical stretch by a factor of 4, followed by a 3 3
translation 3 units up of the graph of f.
4.8 Cumulative Review Warm Up
1 3 1
10. g ( x ) = − 1. f ( x ) = ( x + 3) − 29; ( − 3, − 29)
2
x + x2 − 5
27 3

2. g ( x ) = (x + 2) − 2; ( − 2, − 2)
2
3 1 5 3
11. g ( x ) = − x 5 + x3 + x 2 +
2 2 2 2
3. g ( x ) = ( x − 5) − 63; (5, − 63)
2

1 3
12. a. W ( x ) = x + 9; W (6) = 9.25; When
864 4. h ( x ) = ( x − 10) − 191; (10, −191)
2

x = 6 inches, the volume of the box is 9.25

cubic feet.
5. h ( x ) = ( x − 1) + 48; (1, 48)
2

1
b. Z ( x ) = x3 + 9
23,328 6. f ( x ) = ( x − 3) − 6; (3, − 6)
2

4.7 Enrichment and Extension

4.8 Practice A
y = 2( x + 4) ; y = ( x + 3) − 2;
3 3
1. f(x) = (x + 2)2(x − 3) 2. g(x) = (x − 1)2(x + 1)(x + 3)

y = ( x + 3) − 6; y = x 3 ; y = ( 2 x ) ;
3 3 y y
4

y = ( x − 3) + 2; y = 2( x − 3) ; y = ( x − 5) ;
3 3 3 2 x
−4 −2 2 x

y = ( x − 5) − 2; y = ( x − 8) + 1
3 3
−4
−20
−8
4.7 Puzzle Time
FRYDAY
3. h(x) = 2(x − 1)(x − 2)(x + 2)
y

2 x

−8

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4. f(x) = 3(x − 1)2(x + 1)2 12. h(x) = x 4 − 2x 2 + 3x
y y
8
4
4

−4 2 4 x
−2 2 x

−8

5. The function was graphed as if the zero x = − 3

had a multiplicity of 2 instead of the zero x = 1. x-intercepts: −1.89, 0; local maximum: none; local
y minimum: ( −1.26, − 4.43); increasing: x > −1.26;
f(x) = (x − 1)2(x + 3)
decreasing: x < −1.26
8

13. f(x) = x 4 − 4x 3 + 5x − 2
y
16
−4 −2 2 x
8
−4

−2 2 4 x

6. − 3, − 2, 2 7. − 7, −1, 1 −8

−16
8. 5 9. − 3, 32 , 3
x-intercepts: −1.15, 0.48, 1, 3.67; local maximum:
10. y
8
(0.74, 0.38); local minimum: (− 0.59, 4.01),
4 (2.85, −14.37); increasing: − 0.59 < x < 0.74,
x > 2.85; decreasing: x < − 0.59,
−4 −2 4 x
0.74 < x < 2.85
f(x) = 2x 3 − 5x 2 + 3
14. ( − 0.82, 1.09), (0.82, −1.09); The point
(− 0.82, 1.09) is a local maximum. The point
x-intercepts: − 0.69,1, 2.19; local maximum: (0, 3);
(0.82, −1.09) is a local minimum; The real zeros
local minimum: (1.67, −1.63); increasing:
are −1.41, 0, and 1.41; The minimum degree is 3.
x < 0, x > 1.67; decreasing: 0 < x < 1.67
15. (1.50, 3.69) ; The point (1.50, 3.69) is a local
11. y
8 maximum; The real zeros are − 0.89 and 2.19;
g(x) = −x 4 + 2x
4 The minimum degree is 4.

−4 −2 2 4 x 4.8 Practice B
1. f(x) = 4(x + 3)2(x − 2)2 2. 1
g(x) = (x − 4)(x + 3)(x − 6)
2
y
y

x-intercepts: 0, 1.26; local maximum:

20
(0.790, 1.19); local minimum: none; increasing:
80

10
x < 0.79; decreasing: x > 0.79 40

−4 8 x
−4 −2 2 4 x

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3. 1
h(x) = (x − 3)(x − 4)(x + 8)
4. f(x) = (x − 2)(x 2 + x + 2) 12. h(x) = x 5 − 3x 2 − 9x − 2
5
y y
y 16

40 −2 x
8
−6

−4 −2 4 x
−12
20
−8

10
−16
x-intercepts: −1.36, − 0.24, 2; local maximum:
−4 4 8 x
(− 0.92, 3.08); local minimum: (1.36, −15.14);
increasing: x < − 0.92, 1.36 < x; decreasing:
5. The function was graphed as if the zero x = 0 had − 0.92 < x < 1.36
a multiplicity of 1 instead of a multiplicity of 2.
y 13. f(x) = x 4 − 3x 3 + 3x 2 + x − 2
4
y
20
2
f(x) = x2(x + 2)3 10

−4 2 4 x

−2 −2 2 4 x

−10
−4

x-intercepts: − 0.7, 1; local maximum: none; local

1 5
6. 7. − , − 2, 1 minimum: ( − 0.14, − 2.07); increasing: − 0.14 < x;
2 2
decreasing: x < − 0.14
3 3
8. − 3, , 3 9. − 14. a. about 1.6 in.
4 2
b. about 67.6 in.3
10. f(x) = 0.5x 3 − 3x 2 + 1.5 c. length ≈ 8.8 in., width ≈ 4.8 in., height ≈ 1.6 in.
y
3
4.8 Enrichment and Extension
4 8 x
1. x = 3.16 2. x = 1.52 3. x = −1.31

4. x = − 2.99 5. x = 1.92

4.8 Puzzle Time

x-intercepts: − 0.67, 0.76, 5.91; local maximum:
SHIFTY
(0, 1.5); local minimum: (4, −14.5); increasing:
x < 0, x > 4; decreasing: 0 < x < 4 4.9 Start Thinking
Sample answer:
11. g(x) = 0.4x 3 − 3x
y
y 8
3

−2 2 x −8 −4 4 8 x
−2

x-intercepts: − 2.74, 0, 2.74; local maximum:

quadratic; parabola; cubic
(−1.58, 3.16); local minimum: (1.58, − 3.16);
increasing: x < −1.58, x > 1.58;
decreasing: −1.58 < x < 1.58

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4.9 Warm Up 3. arithmetic; d = − 9 4. not arithmetic
1
1. 4 2. − 3. 4 4. 1 3
3 5. arithmetic; d = 6. not arithmetic
5
4.9 Cumulative Review Warm Up
7. tn = 4n 8. tn = − 2 n − 1
1. (1, 6) 2. ( − 3, −11)
9. tn = −11n + 29 10. tn = − 2 n + 14
4.9 Practice A
1. f ( x) = x3 − 3x 2 − x + 3 11. tn =
2
n +
1
12. tn = −1.3n + 9.9
3 3
1 3 2
2. f ( x) = − x3 + x + 3x − 4 4.9 Puzzle Time
2 2
ANCHOR
1 3 5
3. 3; f ( x ) = x + x Cumulative Review
6 6
1. 17j 2. − 4 p
1 13
4. 2; f ( x ) = x 2 + x +8
8 4 3. 5q + 3 4. 3m + 5

1 3 8 5. − 3b + 19 6. − 2 x + 2
5. 3; f ( x ) = x − 5 x 2 + x + 32
3 3
7. 4c + 28 8. − 5r + 15
1 2 7
6. a. f ( x) = x + x−2 9. 8 z − 44 10. 9 a − 38
2 2
b. yes; The cumulative number of customers will 11. 38 x − 9 12. 19 d − 10
continue to increase.
13. x = 4 14. y = 3
4.9 Practice B
15. b = 2 16. m = 5
1 3 3
1. f ( x) = x − 3x2 + x + 5
2 2 17. a = 4 18. p = 6

2 3 14 19. w = 14 20. x = 2
2. f ( x ) = x − x − 4
3 3
21. y = − 5 22. s = 2
5 2 23
3. 2; f ( x) = x − x −1 23. x = − 2 24. x = 2
2 2

1 3 31 2
4. 3; f ( x ) = x − x + 39 25. x = 2 26. x = −11
2 2 9

27. x = − 9 28. x = − 3
1 4 7 95 2 149
5. 4; f ( x ) = x − x3 + x − x + 56
6 3 6 3 29. a. y = 35 + 1.20 x

1 3 1 17 b. $35
6. a. f ( x ) = x − x2 + x − 2
6 2 6 c. $44.60
b. no; The wave height will decrease eventually. d. when you are downloading 46 songs or fewer or
After 14 seconds, the height of the wave will not when you are downloading 72 songs or more
be 397 inches.
30. x + 7 31. n − 5
4.9 Enrichment and Extension
1
1. arithmetic; d = 3 2. not arithmetic 32. 3m − 9 33. c +1
5

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34. 17 − 4 y 35. − 5 + 4 p − 9 ± 97
64. x = 7 ± 47 65. x =
2
1
36. 5 j − 14 37. t − 4m
2 12 ± 123 −9 ± 105
66. x = 67. x =
3 4
38. (x + 6)( x + 4) 39. (x − 11)( x + 3)
9± 4 5 21 ± 461
40. (x + 12)( x − 7) 41. (x + 11)( x + 5) 68. x = 69. x =
2 5
42. (x − 7)( x − 2) 43. (x − 10)( x − 5)
9+i 3 9−i 3
70. and
2 2
44. (5 x + 7)( x + 8) 45. (x − 6)(9 x + 1)
71. − 4 and 5
46. ( 2 x − 5)( x + 4) 47. (3x + 4)( x + 3)
3+ 13 3− 13
72. and
48. ( 2 x − 3)( x + 1) 49. ( 2 x + 7)( x − 4) 2 2

50. a. 252 ft2 5+ 101 5− 101

73. and
b. $829.08 2 2

51. a. p = 2( x + 4) + 2( 2 x − 23) or p = 6 x − 38 5 + 3i 15 5 − 3i 15
74. and
b. a = ( x + 4)( 2 x − 23) or a = 2 x 2
− 15 x − 92 8 8

c. length = 23 ft, width = 15 ft 7 + 301 7 − 301

75. and
d. 345 ft2 6 6
52. x = − 2 and x = 3
11 + i 39 11 − i 39
76. and
53. x = −1 and x = 9 10 10

54. x = − 7 and x = − 5 9+ 137 9− 137

77. and
4 4
55. x = 3
78. a. 1 student
56. x = −11 and x = 4
b. 4 students
57. x = 1 and x = 7 79. a. 4 students

9 4 b. 2 students
58. x = − and x = −
2 3 80. The graph of g is a translation 4 units right of the
graph of f.
7
59. x = − and x = 3
2 81. The graph of g is a translation 8 units up of the
graph of f.
1
60. x = − and x = 4
5 82. The graph of g is a translation 3 units right and 5
units up of the graph of f.
1 9
61. x = − and x = 83. The graph of g is a translation 1 unit left and 4 units
2 4
down of the graph of f.
7± 17 −13 ± 173 84. The graph of g is a reflection in the x-axis, followed
62. x = 63. x =
2 2 by a translation 3 units down of the graph of f.

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85. The graph of g is a reflection in the x-axis, followed 5.1 Warm Up
by a translation 1 unit right and 5 units up of the
1. k 5 2. 24u10 v3 3. 25a 6 b 20 c 2
graph of f.
4. 729x8 y10 z 5 5. 8g 9 h5 j13 6. 2xy 9
86. The graph of g is a reflection in the x-axis, followed
by a vertical stretch by a factor of 5 and a
translation 2 units down of the graph of f. 5.1 Cumulative Review Warm Up
1. y = 0.06 ( x − 4) + 1
2

1
87. The graph of g is a vertical shrink by a factor of ,
3
2. y = − 6 ( x + 4) + 8
2
followed by a translation 5 units left and 3 units
down of the graph of f.
5.1 Practice A
88. g ( x) = − x + 3 1. 5 2. ± 7 3. ± 3

1 4. 3 5. 2 6. 8
89. g ( x) = x +3 +1
4 7. 125 8. 100 9. 2

90. g ( x) = 4 x − 2 + 16 10. 7 11. 5 12. 0.44

91. g ( x) = x + 2 + 1 13. 2.47 14. 59,049 15. 0.03

16. 6.05 in. 17. 5.6 m 18. x = ± 4

13
92. g ( x ) = − x +
2 19. x = 5 20. x = 12.32, − 0.32

93. g ( x ) = − ( x + 2) + 8
2
21. x = 3 22. x = − 2.57

94. a. 41 ft 23. x = ±1.57 24. 2.57%

b. 44 ft
5.1 Practice B
c. 2 ft; The ball was initially hit from 2 feet above
1. 7 2. no real roots 3. − 3
the ground.
d. maximum 4. 216 5. 8 6. 4 7. − 3125
e. ( 4.75, 47.125); 4.75 sec
1 1
8. 9. 10. 0.51 11. 7.42
Chapter 5 1024 81
5.1 Start Thinking 12. 8,869.01 13. 0.07 14. 25.64
Simplest 15. −12.41 16. 7.6 in. 17. 7 m
Example Expanded Form
Form
x• x+ x• x 18. x = ±1.78 19. x = − 2.97 20. x = ± 3
x2 + x2 2x2

(x • x • x • x) • 21. x = 3.42 22. x = ± 5 23. x = − 7

4 4 8
x • x x
(x • x • x • x) 24. a. about 0.72 au
b. 12 years
x8 x• x• x• x• x• x• x• x
x3
x5 x• x• x• x• x 5.1 Enrichment and Extension
1. n = 6 2. n = 2
−2 1
2 = ; Because 22 = 4, they are reciprocals.
4 3. n = 5 4. n = −1

5. n = − 4 or n = 4 6. n = 8

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