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AI Project Cycle Class 10 Important Notes

AI Project Cycle Class 10 notes

What is AI Project Cycle?

It is a step-by-step process that a person should follow to develop an AI Project to solve a

problem. AI Project Cycle provides us with an appropriate framework which can lead us to

achieve our goal.

The AI Project Cycle mainly has 5 stages.

1. Problem Scoping

2. Data Acquisition

3. Data Exploration

4. Modelling

5. Evaluation
 AI project cycle class 10 stages

1. What is Problem Scoping?

Identifying a problem and having a vision to solve it, is called Problem Scoping. Scoping a

problem is not that easy as we need to have a deeper understanding so that the picture becomes

clearer while we are working to solve it. So we use the 4Ws Problem Canvas to understand the

problem in a better way.

What is 4Ws Problem Canvas?

The 4Ws Problem canvas helps in identifying the key elements related to the problem. The 4Ws

are :

1. Who

2. What

3. Where

4. Why

1. Who? : This block helps in analysing the people who are getting affected directly or indirectly

due to a problem. Under this, we find out who are the ‘Stakeholders’ (those people who face this

problem and would be benefitted with the solution) to this problem? Below are the questions

that we need to discuss under this block.

1. Who are the stakeholders?

2. What do you know about them?

2. What? : This block helps to determine the nature of the problem. What is the problem and how

do we know that it is a problem? Under this block, we also gather evidence to prove that the

problem you have selected actually exists. Below are the questions that we need to discuss

under this block.

 1. What is the problem?

2. How do you know that it is a problem?

3. Where? : This block will help us to look into the situation in which the problem arises, the

context of it, and the locations where it is prominent. Here is the Where Canvas:

1. What is the context/situation in which the stakeholders experience the problem?

4. Why? : In the “Why” canvas, we think about the benefits which the stakeholders would get from the

solution and how it will benefit them as well as the society. Below are the questions that we need to

discuss under this block.

1. What would be of key value to the stakeholders?

2. How would it improve their situation?

2. What is Data Acquisition?

This is the second stage of AI Project cycle. According to the term, this stage is about acquiring

data for the project. Whenever we want an AI project to be able to predict an output, we need to

train it first using data.

For example, If you want to make an Artificially Intelligent system which can predict the salary of

any employee based on his previous salaries, you would feed the data of his previous salaries

into the machine. The previous salary data here is known as Training Data while the next salary

prediction data set is known as the Testing Data.

Data features refer to the type of data you want to collect. In above example, data features would

be salary amount, increment percentage, increment period, bonus, etc. There can be various

ways to collect the data. Some of them are:

1. Surveys

2. Web Scraping

3. Sensors

4. Cameras

5. Observations

6. API (Application Program Interface)

One of the most reliable and authentic sources of information, are the open-sourced websites

hosted by the government. Some of the open-sourced Govt. portals are: data.gov.in, india.gov.in

3. What is Data Exploration?

While acquiring data, we must have noticed that the data is a complex entity – it is full of

numbers and if anyone wants to make some sense out of it, they have to work some patterns out

of it. Thus, to analyse the data, you need to visualise it in some user-friendly format so that you

can:

1. Quickly get a sense of the trends, relationships and patterns contained within the data.

2. Define strategy for which model to use at a later stage.

3. Communicate the same to others effectively.

To visualise data, we can use various types of visual representations like Bargraph, Histogram,

Line Chart, Pie Chart.

4. What is Data Modelling?

The graphical representation makes the data understandable for humans as we can discover

trends and patterns out of it, but machine can analyse the data only when the data is in the most

basic form of numbers (which is binary – 0s and 1s). The ability to mathematically describe the

relationship between parameters is the heart of every AI model.

Generally, AI models can be classified as follows:

AI project cycle class 10

Rule Based Approach :

It refers to the AI modelling where the rules are defined by the developer. The machine follows

the rules or instructions mentioned by the developer and performs its task accordingly.

In this we fed the data along with rules to the machine and the machine after getting trained on

them is now able to predict answers for the same. A drawback/feature for this approach is that

the learning is static.

Learning Based Approach :

It refers to the AI modelling where the machine learns by itself. In this approach the AI model

gets trained on the data fed to it and then is able to design a model which is adaptive to the

change in data. An advantage for this approach is that the learning is dynamic. The learning-

based approach can further be divided into three parts:

a) Supervised Learning : In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine is

labelled. A label is some information which can be used as a tag for data. For example, students

get grades according to the marks they secure in examinations. These grades are labels which

categorise the students according to their marks. There are two types of Supervised Learning

models:

1. Classification: Where the data is classified according to the labels. This model works on

discrete dataset which means the data need not be continuous.

2. Regression: Such models work on continuous data. For example, if we wish to predict our

next salary, then we would put in the data of our previous salary, any increments, etc., and

would train the model. Here, the data which has been fed to the machine is continuous.

b) Unsupervised Learning : An unsupervised learning model works on unlabelled dataset. This

means that the data which is fed to the machine is random. This model is used to identify

relationships, patterns and trends out of the data which is fed into it. It helps the user in

understanding what the data is about and what are the major features identified by the machine

in it.

Unsupervised learning models can be further divided into two categories:

1. Clustering: It refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the

unknown data according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

2. Dimensionality Reduction: We humans are able to visualise upto 3-Dimensions only but,

there are various entities which exist beyond 3-Dimensions. For example, in Natural

language Processing, the words are considered to be N-Dimensional entities. So to make

sense out of it, dimensionality reduction algorithm is used to reduce their dimensions.

Rule Based Approach Learning Based Approach

It refers to the AI modelling where the

It refers to the AI modelling where the
rules are
machine learns by itself
defined by the developer.

In this learning is static In this learning is dynamic

 The machine once trained, does not take The machine once trained, does take

into into

consideration any changes made in the consideration any changes made in the

original original

training dataset. training dataset.

5. What is Evaluation?

Once a model has been made and trained, it needs to go through proper testing so that one can

calculate the efficiency and performance of the model. Hence, the model is tested with the help

of Testing Data and the efficiency of the model is calculated on the basis of the parameters

mentioned below:

1. Accuracy

2. Precision

3. Recall

4. F1 Score

Neural Network :

Neural networks are loosely modelled after how neurons in the human brain behave. The key

advantage of neural networks is that they are able to extract data features automatically without

needing the input of the programmer. It is a fast and efficient way to solve problems for which

the dataset is very large, such as in images.

AI project cycle class 10

As seen in the figure given above, the larger Neural Networks tend to perform better with larger

amounts of data whereas the traditional machine learning algorithms stop improving after a
certain saturation point.

How Neural Network works?

A Neural Network is divided into multiple layers and each layer is further divided into several

blocks called nodes. The first layer of a Neural Network is known as the input layer. It’s job is to

acquire data and feed it to the Neural Network. No processing occurs at the input layer. Next to

it, are the hidden layers. Hidden layers are the layers in which the whole processing occurs.

These layers are hidden and are not visible to the user. There can be multiple hidden layers in a

neural network system. The last hidden layer passes the final processed data to the output layer

which then gives it to the user as the final output.

Some of the features of a Neural Network are listed below:

1. Neural Network Systems are modelled on the human brain and nervous system.

2. They are able to automatically extract features without input from the programmer.

3. Every neural network node is essentially a machine learning algorithm.

4. It is useful when solving problems for which the data set is very large.

Disclaimer : I tried to give you the easy handouts of “AI Project Cycle Class 10 Notes” , but if you

feel that there is/are mistakes in the handouts of “AI Project Cycle Class 10 Notes” given above,

you can directly contact me at csiplearninghub@gmail.com. NCERT Book and Study material

available on CBSE official website are used as a reference to create above “AI Project Cycle

Class 10 Notes”

Important links of Class X (Artificial Intelligence)

Chapter 1 Introduction to AI MCQ

Chapter 1 Introduction to AI Class 10 NOTES

Chapter 2 AI Project Cycle MCQ

Chapter 3 Natural Language Processing MCQ

Important links of Class IX (IT-402)

Unit 1 : Introduction to IT–ITeS Industry BOOK SOLUTIONS

Unit 1 : Introduction to IT–ITeS Industry NOTES