Unit2- AI Project Cycle-converted
Unit2- AI Project Cycle-converted
Introducti
on
1. Problem Scoping:
● Who?
The “Who” block helps in analysing the people getting affected
directly or indirectly due to it. Under this, we find out who the
‘Stakeholders’ to this problem are and what we know about
them. Stakeholders are the people who face this problem and
would be benefited with the solution.
● Where?
Now that you know who is associated with the problem and what
the problem actually is; you need to focus on the
context/situation/location of the problem. This block will help you
look into the situation in which the problem arises, the context
of it, and the locations where it is prominent.
● Why?
You have finally listed down all the major elements that affect
the problem directly. Now it is convenient to understand who
the people that would be benefitted by the solution are; what is
to be solved; and where will the solution be deployed. These
three canvases now become the base of why you want to solve
this problem. Thus, in the “Why” canvas, think about the
benefits which the stakeholders would get from the solution and
how it will benefit them as well as the society.
Data Features:
Data features refer to the type of data you want to collect.
After mentioning the Data features, you get to know what sort of
data is to be collected. Now, the question arises- From where can
we get this data? There can be various ways in which you can
collect data.
Some of them are:
Sometimes, you use the internet and try to acquire data for
your project from some random websites. Such data might not
be authentic as its accuracy cannot be proved. Due to this, it
becomes necessary to find a reliable source of data from where
some authentic information can be taken.
3. Data Exploration :
While acquiring data, you must have noticed that the data is a
complex entity – it is full of numbers and if anyone wants to make
some sense out of it, they have to work some patterns out of it.
Thus, to analyze the data, you need to visualize it in some user-
friendly format so that you can:
● Get a sense of the trends, relationships and patterns contained within the data.
4. Modelling:
So as in previous article data exploration, we have seen how we can
represent data in graphics using various tools. This graphical
representation makes data easy to understand for humans to take a
decision or prediction. But when it comes to machine to access and
analyze data, machine requires mathematical representation of data.
Hence every model needs a mathematical approach to analyze data.
Basically there are two approaches broadly taken by researchers for
AI modelling. They are:
○ Rule-Based Approach
○ Learning-Based Approach
Rule Based Approach:
1. Supervised Learning:
● In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed
to the machine is labelled.
● A label is some information which can be used as a tag for data.
● For example, students get grades according to the marks
they secure in examinations. These grades are labels
which categories the students according to their marks.
There are two types of Supervised Learning models:
Classification: Where the
data is classified according
to the labels. For example,
in the grading system,
students are classified on
the basis of the grades they
obtain with respect to their
marks in the examination.
This model works on a
discrete dataset which
means the data need not be
continuous.
5. Evaluation:
Neural Networks:
Each node of these hidden layers has its own machine learning algorithm
which it executes on the data received from the input layer. The processed
output is then fed to the subsequent hidden layer of the network. There can
be multiple hidden layers in a neural network system and their number
depends upon the complexity of the function for which the network has been
configured. Also, the number of nodes in each layer can vary accordingly.
The last hidden layer passes the final processed data to the output layer
which then gives it to the user as the 103 final output. Similar to the input
layer, output layer too does not process the data which it acquires. It is
meant for user-interface.
Some features of a neural network are listed below.
Given are the images of a Human Neuron and its relation with the Neural
Network. The axon from a neuron sends an impulse to the synapse of
another neuron. The impulse received is then sent to the cell body (nucleus)
through dendrites. The cell body performs an activation function on the
impulse received and then gives it to the output axon which passes the
same to the next neuron in the system. Now as we relate this process with
an Artificial Neural Network, we can see that the input layer gets data which
is passes on to the nodes in the hidden layer. The nodes perform specific
actions on the data and pass the processed information to the next layer. In
the end, the final processed data reaches the output of the system.
axon from a neuronsynapse
00
cell body
activatio
n
function