Graphing quadratic functions

9A = GROUP E Get ready to learn
Graphing quadratic functions

Learning target & objective
I can effectively use this guide to learn the steps in graphing quadratic
functions by knowing how to obtain the points needed for the parabola.
First, what is a parabola?

A parabola is the graph of a quadratic equation or the standard form
ax²+bx+c=0, wherein a, b, and c are constants and a≠0.
Before we delve into the actual graphing,
it’s important to know about the
Characteristics of a graph characteristics and behavior of a parabola!
Vertex: The maximum or minimum value of a parabola

Domain: The set of possible (x) input values or the set of all real numbers
Range: The set of possible (y) output values
∟yy≥≤k,k, the parabola opens upward

the parabola opens downward
Axis of symmetry: As a parabola is always symmetrical, the axis of symmetry divides the
parabola into two equal parts.
Minimum/maximum point: The lowest or highest point of the parabola
x intercepts: The point of intersection of the parabola and the x axis
y intercepts: The point of intersection of the parabola and the y axis
∟To get the x intercept, let y = 0

To get the y intercept, let x = 0
Let’s take a look at the given graph and Example #1

function to identify its characteristics!
f(x)=x²-2x+1
Based on the graph, we can say that:
Vertex & minimum point = (1,0)
Domain = All real numbers
Range = y≥ 0
∟ The graph opens upward
Axis of symmetry = 1
To solve for the intercepts, we simply let x = 0 and y = 0 to the function.
Let x=0 Let y=0
f(x)=x²-2x+1 f(0) = (0)² - 2(0) + 1 x²-2x+1=0
f(0) = 0- 0 + 1 (x-1)² = 0
x-1 = 0 x=1
f(0) = 1
= (0,1) = (1,0) Word problem
Example #2
The kitty is planning for a firework to be
STEPS launched from a platform 20 meters
1) Put the equation in standard
form above the ground. It’s height f(x) in
2) Put it in vertex form meters, and the seconds as x, is
3) Obtain the vertex modeled by the equation:
4) Solve for other points
5) Plot each point and connect f(x)= -4x²+16x+20
the dots
What is the maximum height of the
∟
firework, how long does it take to reach
Let’s use this word problem to do the that height, and when does it land?
steps together, shall we? (see back page)
Front
As said, we can solve the problem by using the vertex
form, as it is also already in standard form.
Vertex form
f(x) = a(x – h)²+ k
The vertex is the point of change in direction of the parabola, which is also where
the minimum or maximum point is obtained.
When:
(h,k) h = Shifts units to the right k = Shifts units upward
x y -h = Shifts units to the left -k = shifts units downward
f(x)= -4x²+16x+20 The graph

But first, we must factor out the -4 and complete the square inside of the parenthesis.
f(x)=−4(x²−4x)+20 f(x)=−4(x²−4x+4)+20
“Where did we get the +4”? To get that third term, use — 2( )
b ²
Then, multiply that third term to what’s outside of the parenthesis. In this
case, -4⋅4 = -16. But since we’re supposed to subtract that number outside
of the parenthesis, the result will be +16
f(x)=−4(x²−4x+4)+20+16 f(x)=−4(x²−4x+4)+36
Factor
f(x)=−4(x-2)²+36
To get h, reverse the sign of the constant inside of the parenthesis. To get
k, just copy the constant outside of the parenthesis. This gives us (2,36) as
our vertex or maximum point. Therefore, the time (x) needed to reached
the maximum height of 36 meters is 2 seconds.
To get y, let x = 0
f(0)=−4(x-2)²+36 -36=−4(x-2)² Divide both sides by 4
The acceptable answer here should be
9=(x-2)² SRP x−2=±3 positive as time can’t be negative
Therefore, the time when it
lands (y) will be in 5 seconds.
Wrap up — In Conclusion,
To solve for the other points:
Use the table of values The rocket that the kitty is planning to launch will
reach its maximum height of 36 meters in 2
1 2 3
seconds, which will also land after 5 seconds.
x These values can be obtained through the vertex
y form which can then be graphed by solving for the
32 36 32 points using the characteristics of the graph.
Exercises/questions:
1) Using the graph from the kitty’s rocket, what is the axis of
symmetry?
2) What is the vertex of f(x) = 2(x+3)²+6 ? Graph this!
3) Recalling the reason for a graph’s behavior, why is the
previous graph from the kitty’s rocket opening downward?
4) Must a parabola always be symmetrical?
ANSWERs:
1) the axis of symmetry is (2,0) as it is the point that divides
the parabola into two equal parts.
2) The vertex would be (-3,6)
3) The graph is downward because a is negative, or y≤k
4) Yes, a parabola must always be symmetrical because
it has a vertical line that divides it into two equal halves.
Graph for question 2
References:
Math plus practical solutions 9 C&E
Publishing INC.

Graphing quadratic functions

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9A = GROUP E Get ready to learn

Graphing quadratic functions

First, what is a parabola?

Vertex: The maximum or minimum value of a parabola

∟yy≥≤k,k, the parabola opens upward

∟To get the x intercept, let y = 0

Let’s take a look at the given graph and Example #1

f(x)= -4x²+16x+20 The graph

x These values can be obtained through the vertex

y form which can then be graphed by solving for the

32 36 32 points using the characteristics of the graph.

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