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    Diagnostic Procedures

    Uploaded by

    Mariella Balauro

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Diagnostic Procedures

    Uploaded by

    Mariella Balauro
    0 views4 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    0 views4 pages

    Diagnostic Procedures

    Uploaded by

    Mariella Balauro

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Diagnostic Procedures

    Procedure of NSD
    At the beginning of NSD, mother experiences
    contractions at regular intervals. Each contraction pushes the
    cervix to open. When the cervix is fully dilated, the presenting
    part of fetus emerges and then comes out through the birth
    canal.

    1. When the cervix is gradually opened, contraction becomes


    stronger. The contractions may last 60 to
    90 seconds with almost no rest in between. Mother will feel an
    uncontrollable urge to push or bear
    down. Please follow doctor or midwife’s instruction before
    pushing.
    2. When fetal presenting part engages into birth canal,
    contraction will decrease. Continue to push down
    in accordance with the rhythm of the contraction will further
    help baby passes through the birth canal.
    3. When crowning occurs, mother may have burning
    sensation in the perineum.
    4. Doctor may make a small cut to enlarge the vaginal opening
    to avoid tear of the perineum.
    5. Baby’s shoulders leave and come out of the birth canal.
    6. The umbilical cord is cut and tied.
    7. Delivery of placenta takes place and doctor or midwife will
    check for its completeness.
    8. Wound will be sutured afterwards.
     Aritficial Rupture of Membranes (ARM)
    - help release prostaglandins and improve the level of
    oxytocin to speed up the contractions and accelerate the
    labour process.

    Indications:
    - The cervix is ready for induction of labour
    - Prolonged labour and fetal head is engaged
    - Attending obstetrician wants to observe the colour of the
    amniotic fluid

    Procedure:
    - a thin plastic tool called amnihook is inserted through the
    vagina and used to break the water

     Episiotomoy
    - a surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal
    opening to facilitate childbirth when the
    condition requires.

    Indications:
    - To prevent an uncontrolled tear which may extend to the
    perineal body, anal sphincter and even anus and rectum
    - Hypertensive or cardiac disease client
    - For instrumental delivery
    Procedure:
    - give anesthesia
    - incision
    - stitches

     Instrumental Delivery
    - use a vacuum extractor or a pair of forceps to help the baby
    to be born if the second stage of labour is prolonged or the
    fetus is showing signs of distress

    Indications:
    - Failure to progress due to insufficient or ineffective expulsive
    effort despite good uterine contractions (even with oxytocin if
    necessary).
    - Fetal Distress
    - When the perineum cannot stretch enough (combined with
    episiotomy)

    Procedure:

    Forceps:

    - Choose the appropriate forceps (e.g., Simpson or Kielland


    forceps).

    - Insert the left blade first, followed by the right blade.

    - Apply the forceps to the sides of the fetal head.

    - Ensure proper engagement.


    - Traction is applied during contractions.

    Vacuum Extractor (Ventouse):

    - Place the vacuum cup on the fetal head (usually occiput).

    - Create a vacuum by suction.

    - Apply traction during contractions.

    During Delivery:

    - Coordinate with maternal efforts during contractions.

    - Gentle traction is applied to guide the fetal head through the


    birth canal.

    - Monitor fetal heart rate continuously.

    - Once the head is delivered, assess for shoulder dystocia.

    - Deliver the shoulders and body.

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