Fig. 7.

1 is a diagram showing the difference ni the cells lining the gas exchange system of a
person that s m o k e s tobacco and a person that d o e s not s m o k e tobacco.

cells in the bronchi of a person that smokes tobacco

m u c u s cilia

cells in the bronchi of a person that does not smoke tobacco

Fig. 7.1

(i) Use the information in Fig. 7.1 to explain why tobacco smokers are more likely to get
lung infections.

[3]

(ii) Identify the name of the cell labelled X ni Fig. 7.1.

[1]

© UCLES 2024 0654/41/M/J/24

 (b) Smoking causes cancer.

(i) State the names of two other diseases caused by smoking.

1

2
[2]

(ii) State the component of tobacco smoke that causes cancer.

[1]

Cancer is the result ef a mutation ni cells.

e the term mutation

[1]
(c) Alveoli are the gas exchange surface in humans.

Gases are exchanged by the process of diffusion.

Explain the advantage, ni terms of diffusion, of the alveoli being thin and well ventilated.
thin

well ventilated

[2]

(d) State the names of two parts of the gas exchange system, that air passes through, between
the mouth and the alveoli.

.......and [2]

total 11

© U C L E S 2024 0654/41/M/J/24 [Turn over

 20

Fig. 9.1 shows a skydiver before the parachute opens.

air resistance

Q2 760 N

Y
Q
Fig. 9.1
(a) The skydiver has a mass of 84 kg.

(i) State the name of the force labelled Q

[1]

(ii) Calculate the size of the force labelled Q.

The gravitational field strength g = 10N/kg.

force Q = N [1]

(iii) The air resistance force at one point during the skydiver's journey is 760 N
.
Use your answer to (a)(ii) to calculate the acceleration of the skydiver when the air
resistance force is 760 N.

acceleration = m/s₴ [3]

© UCLES 2024 0654/41/M/J/24

 (b) Fig. 9.2 shows a speed-time graph for the skydiver's journey.

50 -

40 -
speed 30
m/s
20 -
10-
0

r
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
time/s

Fig. 9.2
The parachute is opened after 140 s.

Explain, ni terms of motion and forces, the shape of the speed-time graph after the parachute
is opened.

from 1 4 0 s to 180 s

after 180 s

[4]

(c) The skydiver falls from a height of 7500 m.

Show that the loss ni gravitational potential energy when the skydiver reaches the ground
is 6.3 MJ.

The gravitational field strength g= 10 N/kg.

[1]
[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2024 0654/41/M/J/24 [Turn over

 22

(a) Fig. 10.1 is a diagram of part of the carbon cycle.

Q3 carbon compounds
in the a t m o s p h e r e

carbon carbon
compounds C
carbon compounds
in fossil fuels compounds in dead
in animals organism s

V
carbon compounds
in pla nts

Fig. 10.1
(i) State the name of process A in Fig. 10.1.
[1]
(ii) State the balanced chemical equation for process B ni Fig. 10.1.
[2]
(iii) Draw an arrow on Fig. 10.1 to represent the process of feeding. [1]
(iv) State the name of the cell structure where process C in Fig. 10.1 occurs.

[1]
 23

(b) Tick (v) all the boxes which show factors that cause an increase in carbon dioxide
concentration in the atmosphere.

A decrease in the combustion of fossil fuels.

Adecrease ni the use of cars that use petroleum.

An increase in natural habitats being converted to land for intensive cattle farming.
An increase in land used for housing.
An incre ase in tree planting.
[2]

(c) Suggest two ways that deforestation causes extinction of animal species.
1

2 ...

[2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2024 0654/41/M/J/24 [Turn over

 (a) Red blood cells are specialised to transport oxygen.

Q4 Describe two ways that red blood cells are adapted for their function.

[2]

(b) A student investigates the effect of different concentrations of salt solution on red blood cells.

The student immerses the red blood cells in different concentrations of salt solution and
observe s the cells after immersion.

Table 10.1 shows the results.

Table 10.1

concentration of salt solution observation

g/dm3
10.0 cells shrink

8.0 no change
6.0 cells burst

4.0 cells burst

2.0 cells burst

(i) Identify the salt solution with the same water potential as red blood cells.

g/dm3 [1]
(ii) Explain the observation seen at 10.0 g/dm' ni Table 10.1.

[3]

• UCLES 202 4 0654/42/M/J/24

 (c) The investigation is repeated with plant cells.

(i) Plants cells do not burst when immersed ni 2.0 g/ dm salt solution.
Explain why.

[2]

(ii) State two uses of water in plant cells.

2
[2]
(iii) State the name of the type of plant cell specialised for absorption of water.
[1]

[Total: 11]

L eUcLEs2024 0654/42/M/J/24
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 Fig. 3.1 shows a sea turtle.

Q5

Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the weight force acting on the sea
turtle.

Label your arrow with the letter W. [1]

(ii) Complete the sentence to describe weight.

Weight is a force caused by the effect of a field

on a . .
[1]
(b) The sea turtle travels a distance of 1200 km ni 20 days.
Calculate the average speed of the sea turtle.

Give your answer ni km/h.

average speed = km/h [3]

O UCLES2024 0654/42/M/J/24
 15

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of a cross-section through a leaf.

spongy
mesophyll
cell
X

stomata

Fig. 7.1

(i) State one way the function of X and Y in Fig. 7.1 si similar and one way their function is
different.

similar

different

[2]

(ii) Describe how water moves from the surface of the spongy mesophyll cells to outside the
stomata.

[3]
© UCLES 2024 0653/43/M/J/24 [Turn over
 16
(b) Plants produce a chemical called auxin.

Complete these sentences about auxin.

A u x i n is m a d e in the s h o o t . ・
・・・
・・

Auxin then spreads through the shoot, where ti causes growth by stimulating
cell

Auxin is unequally distributed in response to and

[3]
(c) Plants are usually the producer in a food web.

Fig. 7.2 shows a food web with a different producer.

osprey

gull large fish wading bird s e a duck

small fish clam

phytoplankton

Fig 7.2

(i) Identify all the organisms in Fig 7.2 that occupy trophic level 2.

[1]
© U C L E S 2024 0653/43/M/J/24
Bonus Question
to make sure you are attending classes

Which of the following is Dr Omar Khalid?

A B C
 18

T h e structures of ethene and ethane are shown ni Fig. 8.1.

H H H H

C Н- C -H
H
H
ethene ethane

Fig. 8.1
(a) Ethene is a member of the alkene homologous series.
Al alkenes are hydrocarbons with the same general formula.
(i) State one other similarity between all members of the alkene homologous series.

[1]

(ii) State the general formula for alkenes and for alkanes.

alkenes

alkanes
[2]

(b) Many ethene monomer units react together in addition polymerisation to form poly(ethene).

Draw the structure of a poly(ethene) molecule to show the part formed from three ethene
m o n o m e r units.

[2]

© U C L E S 2024 0653/43/M/J/24
 19

(c) Cracking produces ethene from larger molecules.

The cracking of molecule A forms a molecule of ethene and a molecule of compound B, as
shown ni Fig. 8.2.
H H H H H

H
- C C C -C -H

H H H H H

molecule A

cracking

C +

ethene compound B

Fig. 8.2

(i) Complete Fig. 8.2 by drawing the structure of compound B. [2]

(ii) State the conditions required for cracking.
.......... and ... ... [2]
[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2024 0653/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 20

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a simple circuit containing two identical lamps.

cell

ammeter

lamps

Fig. 9.1
(a) Complete these sentences.

Potential difference is m e a s u r e d in units called

T h e c u r r e n t in the circuit is a flow of ........

[2]
(b) The cell produces a total e.m.f. of 2.4 V
. There is a current of 0.50A ni the circuit.

(i) Calculate the power supplied by the cell.

power = W [2]
(ii) The cell in Fig. 9.1 has a total charge of 9000C. Calculate the maximum time in hours for
which the cell can produce a current of 0.5A.

time = h [3]

© UCLES 2024 0653/43/M/J/24

 21

(c) Fig. 9.2 shows the same circuit components connected in a different arrangement.

Fig. 9.2
(i) Describe how the circuit arrangement ni Fig. 9.2 differs from that shown ni Fig. 9.1.

[1]

(ii) Predict whether the reading on the ammeter in Fig. 9.2 will be greater or less than the
ammeter reading in Fig. 9.1.
Give a r e a s o n for your answe r.

[1]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2024 0653/43/M/J/24