Copyrigh t © www.www.examrace.

com

Manufacturing Industries
Manufacturing: Production of goods in large quantities after processing the raw materials into more valuable products is
called manufacturing.

Importance of Manufacturing
a) Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture; which forms the backbone of our economy. Apart from this,
manufacturing industries also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income. This becomes possible
because of creation of new jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
b) Industrial development helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty.
c) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
d) A country with high level of manufacturing activities becomes prosperous.

Contribution of Industry to National Economy

i) The share of manufacturing sector in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) has been stagnant at 17% over the last two
decades. The total contribution of industry to the GDP is 27% out of which 10% comes from mining, quarrying,
electricity and gas.
ii) The growth of the manufacturing sector had been 7% in the last decade. Since 2003, the growth rate has been 9 to 10%
per annum. The desired growth rate over the next decade is 12%.
iii) The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set with the objectives of improving
productivity through proper policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry.

Industrial Location
Some of the factors which affect the industrial location are as follows:
i) Availability of raw materials
ii) Availability of labour
iii) Availability of capital
iv) Availability of power
v) Availability of market
vi) Infrastructure
Sometimes, industries are located in or near cities. Cities provide markets and also provide services like banking,
insurance, transport, labour, consultants, etc. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages of an
urban centre. Such centre is then called as agglomeration economy.
In the pre-independence period, most of the manufacturing units were located in places which were near the ports, e.g.
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc. As a result, these belts developed as industrial urban centres surrounded by huge
agricultural rural hinterland.

Classification Of Industries:

On the basis of raw materials:

a. Agro Based Industries: Cotton, woolen, jute, silk textile, rubber, sugar, tea, coffee, etc.
b. Mineral Based Industries: Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, petrochemicals, etc.

According to their main role:

a. Basic or Key Industries: These industries supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods, e.g. iron
and steel, copper smelting, aluminium smelting.
b. Consumer Industries: These industries produce goods which are directly used by consumers, e.g. sugar, paper,
electronics, soap, etc.

On the basis of capital investment:

a. Small Scale Industry: If the invested capital is upto Rs. one crore, then the industry is called a small scale industry.
b. Large Scale Industry: If the invested capital is more than Rs. one crore, then the industry is called a large scale industry.
On the basis of ownership:
a. Public Sector: These industries are owned and operated by government agencies, e.g. SAIL, BHEL, ONGC, etc.
b. Private Sector: These industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals, e.g. TISCO, Reliance,
Mahindra, etc.
c. Joint Sector: These industries are jointly owned by the government and individuals or a group of individuals, e.g. Oil
India Limited.
d. Cooperative Sector: These industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or
both. The resources are pooled by each stakeholder and profits or losses are shared proportionately. AMUL which is milk
cooperative is a good example. The sugar industry in Maharashtra is another example.

Based on the bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods:
a. Heavy Industries: Iron and steel.
b. Light Industries: Electronics

Major Industries of India

1.Cotton Textile: Most important industry in terms of employment and production of export goods. The industry started in
the modern way in 1818 (Fort Gloster) and ever since it has been developing and expanding continuously. The industry
made the real beginning in Maharashtra and Gujrat. Maharashtra consists of 106 mills and account for 50% of the total
output. Gujrat is having 97 mills, Tamil Nadu 215 and Uttar Pradesh 41. West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh and Kerala also consist of cotton textile mills. In Maharashtra (Mumbai (1854), Sholapur, Pune,
Kolhapur, Satara, Wardha, Nagpur), Gujarat (Ahmedabad (1859), Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat, Bhavnagar, Bharuch,
Cambay), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore; Manchestor of South India, Chennai, Madurai, Tirunelveli). Tamil Nadu has the
largest number of cotton textile mills in India. Uttar Pradesh- Kanpur, Modinagar, Moradabad, Aligarh, Agra and Etawah.
West Bengal- Kolkata, Howrah, Sadepur, Sehrampore and Shyamnagar. Madhya Pradesh- Gwalior, Indore, Mandsaur and
Dewas. Karnataka- Devengere, Hubli, Bellary, Mysore and Mangalore. Rajasthan- Kota, Jaipur and Jodhpur. Punjab-
Amritsar. Important buyers of Indian cotton textile products- Russia, UK, Sudan, US, Nepal, Australia, France, Nigeria,
Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Singapore and Sri Lanka.

2. Jute Textile: Jute is a low price fibre that is used for making packaging materials like gunny bags. Today jute is blended
with cotton and wool to produce textiles. India manufactures the largest quantity of jute goods in the world (35% of the
world’s total). The first jute mill in India was established in the year 1854 at Rishra on the bank of river Hooghly. This
industry is mainly located in West Bengal, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, MP. Titagarh, Jagatdal, Budge-
Budge, Howrah and Bhadreshwar are the important centers from West Bengal. Chitvalshah, Nellimaralla, Eluru, Guntur
and Ongole in the Godavari delta of Andhra Pradesh. Kanpur and Shahjanwan, near Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh. Katihar
and Nuktapur in Bihar and Raigarh in Madhya Pradesh. This industry is basically export oriented and about 60% of the
total production enters foreign markets. The US, Russia, Ukraine, UAE, Australia, Canada, Sudan, Czechoslovakia, UK
and Germany have been principal buyers of jute and jute products.

3.Silk Textile: The location of silk industry is governed by two factors, prevalence of sericulture practices and availability
of skilled labour. Karnataka is the leading producer, followed by Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and
Jammu & Kashmir. India is an important exporter of both raw silk and silk textiles. Most of the silk exports from India
reach the European market.

4.Woollen Textiles: It is market oriented industry. The leading producers of woolen textiles in India are the states of
Punjab, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Jammu & Kashmir. Different regions specialize in different
types of products. While Punjab is important for woolen shawls and carpets, more of the production of woolen cloth for
garments comes from Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujrat. In Punjab (Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur),
Maharashtra (Mumbai), UP (Kanpur, Mirzapur, Agra, Tanakpur), Gujarat (Jamnagar). India is an important exporter of
woolen textiles and other goods to a number of countries. Russia and the other CIS (commonwealth of independent states)
states are the leading buyers of Indian woolen textiles.

5.Iron and steel industry is known as basic industry. In India the first attempt to produce iron and steel using modern
methods was made in 1830, when a manufacturing unit was set up at Porto Novo in tamil Nadu. However, this mill was
closed down in 1866. In 1875, pig iron was produced successfully by Barakar Iron Works, Kulti. The foundation of the
modern steel making, however, was laid with the establishment of TISCO at Sakchi in the year 1907. Iron and steel is
located near the sources of raw materials and fuel (coal). In Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Durgapur, Burnpur (W B),
Bhadrwati , Vijay Nagar(Karnataka), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela (Orissa), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Salem (T N),
Vishakhapatnam (A P) . The management of the major public sector steel plants is looked after by the Steel Authority of
India Ltd. (SAIL) and the Iron ans Steel Company (IISCO) which looks after the management of Burnpur, Hirapur and
Kulti units, is a constituent unit of Sail. The management of the Vishakapatnam Steel plant is looked after by the
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd.

6. Aluminium Smelting is Located mainly near the sources of raw materials, means of transport and cheap electricity. This
industry came into being during Second World War. The Aluminium Corporation of India Ltd. was the first Indian firm to
produce alumina from indigenous bauxite. Its plant at Jaykaynagar (West Bengal) started production of Alumina in 1942
and aluminium on regular basis in 1944. Another fir, Indian Aluminium Company (INDAL) started fabrication of
aluminium sheets using imported steel in 1941. This company started production of aluminium using imported alumina in
1943 and production of alumina from bauxite in 1948 at Alupuram (Alwaye in Kerala). Important Centres of this industry
are located in Hirakud, Koraput (Orissa), Renukoot (UP), Korba (MP), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Mettur (TN), Alwaye in
Kerala. Major five Aluminium companies a) NALCO (National Aluminium Company Limited), HINDALCO (Hindustan
Aluminium Company Limited), INDAL (Indian Aluminium Company Limited), BALCO (Bharat Aluminium Company
Limited and MALCO (Madras Aluminium Company)

7. Copper Smelting: First Copper Smelting plant in India was established at Maubhandar (Jharkhand) by Indian Copper
Corporation ltd. Another unit, one of the largest of its kind in the world, is located at Khetri (Rajasthan).Important centres
of this industry are Khetri, Alwar, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Agnigundala (A P) , Malanjkhand
(Balaghat, MP) & Taloja (Maharashtra). India has a limited domestic supply of copper ore. Nearly 2/3 rd of the total
imports of copper comes from Zambia, Canada, US and Republic of Congo

8. Lead and Zinc Smelting: There are only two units in the country engaged in lead smelting. Both these units are
managed by Hindustan Zinc Ltd. The first unit is at Tundoo near Dhanbad in Jharkhand this plant was established by
Metal Corporation on India, a private sector company in 1942- 43. Production began here in 1945. This unit was taken
over by the public sector company, Hindustan Zinc Ltd. In 1965. The another is located at Vishakhapatnam.

9. Engineering Industry: This industry produces a variety of goods and it forms the basis of many types of industries.
Development of this industry is necessary for the overall industrial development of any country. Heavy Machinery,
Machine Tools, Heavy electrical and railway equipment are the most important among the engineering industries of India.
Heavy machinery manufacturing plants are located at Ranchi, Vishakapatnam, Durgapur, Tiruchirapalli, Mumbai, Naini.
The most important company manufacturing machine tools is Hindustan Machine Tools Limited with plants located at
Bangalore, Pinjore (Haryana), Kalamassery (Kerala), Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Srinagar, Ajmer. The most important
company in the field of heavy electrical is Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited. Its plants are located at Hardwar, Bhopal,
Hyderabad and Tiruchirapalli. Railway equipment is made at Chittaranjan (electrical locomotives), Varanasi (diesel
locomotives) and Bhopal (electric locomotives). Railway coaches are made at integral coach factory, Perambur. The rail
coach factory at Kapurthala in Punjab. Wheels and other rolling stock is manufactured at Yelahanka (Karnataka) and
Durgapur (WB).
10. Ship Building : The largest shipyard in the country is at Kochi. The Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakapatnam is an
important shipbuilding and repairing unit. Shipbuilding and repairing facilities exist at Mazagon Docks at Mumbai. The
Visakhapatnam shipyard undertakes construction and repairs of different types of vessels including passenger ships,
submarines, floating cranes and tugs. Kolkata (Garden Reach Workshop). For Indian Navy and Coast Guards the work of
manufacturing is carried out at Mazgaon.

11. Automobile Industry: It is another important and fast growing industry. It produces all kind of vehicles including
trucks, buses, passenger cars, tempos, two wheelers and tractors. Passenger cars are manufactured at a number of places
including Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Gurgaon, Noida and Surajpur. Buses and trucks are manufactured at Chennai and
Mumbai. Jeeps, three and four wheelers tempo and small trucks at Mumbai, Pune, Gurgaon and Noida. Two- wheelers are
manufactured at a number of places including Pune, Mumbai, Faridabad, Kanpur, Mysore, Chennai, Tirupati, Noida and
Ludhiana.
Cycles - In Mumbai, Asansol, Sonepat, Delhi, Chennai, Jalandhar and Ludhiana.
Tractors - At Faridabad, Pinjore, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Nilokheri.

12.Fertilizer Industry: The location of fertilizer industry is closely related to petro-chemicals. About 70% of the plants
producing nitrogenous fertilizers use Naphtha as raw material. Naphtha is a by-product of oil refiners. Phosphate plants
are dependent on mineral phosphate found in UP and MP. The beginning of this industry in India is marked by the setting
up of the first superphosphate plant at Ranipet (Tamil Nadu) in 1906. Production of synthetic ammonia began in 1944 and
that of ammonium sulphate in 1947. However, the real growth and development of this industry started after
independence. The first modern fertilizer plant was set up at Sindri (Jharkhand) in 1951 by the Fertilizer Corporation of
India. Today there are hundreds of chemical fertilizer plants in the country managed by public sector, co-operative sector
and private sector companies. The Fertilizer Corporation of India, The National Fertilizers Ltd, The Hindustan Fertilisers
Corporation Ltd and the Rashtriya Chemical and Fertilisers Ltd are the chief public sector companies engaged in this
industry. The Indian Farmers’ Fertilizer Cooperative is an important cooperative organization engaged in production of
chemical fertilizers. Another important company in the cooperative sector is Krishak Bharti Cooperative Ltd. The SAIL,
the HCL and Neyveli Lignite Corporation also have adjunct fertilizer manufacturing units. The coal based plants are
located at Talcher, Ramagundam and Korba. The units at Rourkela, Bhilai, Durgapur and Jamshedpur use coke- oven gas
as feedstock. A lignite based unit has been set up at Neyveli. Some of the plants are based on electrolytic hydrogen and
are therefore located close to power projects. The Nangal unit of NFL is an example of such fertilizer plants. Now natural
gas based fertilizer plants are also being set up to produce nitrogenous fertilisers. The Thal and Hazira plants fall under
this category. Important Centres of fertilizer industries: Sindri , Nangal, Talcher, Ramagundam, Trombay, Bhatinda,
Panipat, Namrup, Haldia, Kochi, Chennai, Gorakhpur, Durgapur, Cochin, Rourkela, Neyveli, Varanasi, Vadodara,
Vishakhapattnam, Kota, Bharuch, Mangalore and Kanpur.
India import large amount of fertilizers every year. The US, Canada, Poland, Japan, Netherlands and France are the chief
suppliers of chemical fertilizers to India.

13. Pharmaceuticals and Drugs: The most important public sector industry in this field , the Indian Drugs and
Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL) was incorporated in 1961, and it has five plants, located at Rishikesh, Hyderabad,
Gurgaon, Chennai and Muzzaffarpur. The IDPL has also set up three subsidiary companies in collaboration with the
respective state government for production of quality pharmaceutical formulations. These companies are the Rajasthan
Drugs and Pharmaceuticals limited (RDPL) Jaipur. Uttar Pradesh Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited (UPDPL),
Lucknow and Orissa Drugs and Chemicals Limited (ODCL), Bhubaneshwar. Another important public sector industry is
Hindustan Antibiotics Limited (HAL), established in the year 1954. This was first public sector undertaking in the
pharmaceuticals field. A number of private companies produce antibiotics and other drugs at various places including
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Vadodara and Kanpur.

14. Pesticides and insecticides: The most important PSUs engaged in this activity are the Hindustan Organic Chemicals
Limited (HOCL) and the Hindustan Insecticides Limited (HIL). The HOCL, incorporated in 1960 at Rasayani
Maharashtra and Kochi. The HIL has three units located at Delhi, Rasayani and Alwaye. Delhi unit has been closed and is
being relocated at Bhatinda.

15. Petrochemicals: There are large numbers of petrochemical complexes producing various types of products in the
country. Most of these complexes have been set up along with the refineries or along the important petroleum pipelines.
Mumbai, Barauni, Sahupuram, Patalganga, Mettur, Durgapur, Pimpri, Rishra, Bongaigaon, Chennai, Haldia,
Visakhapatnam and Mathura.

16. Sugar Industry: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Important places of
sugar industry are- Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur, Bijnor, Moradabad, Deoria, Basti, Gonda, Gorakhpur and Kheri
in Uttar Pradesh. Nasik, Ahmednagar, Pune, satara, Sholapur, Sangli and Kolhapur in Maharashtra. East and west
Godavari, Krishna, Vishakapatnam, Nizamabad, Medak and Chittoor in Andhra Pradesh. Coimbatore, North and south
Arcot and Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu. Bijapur, Shimoga and Chitradurga in Karnataka. Champaran, Saran,
Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga in Bihar. Surat, Bhavnagar, Junagarh and Rajkot in Gujrat and Karnal, Rohtak and Sonepat
in Haryana. US, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Canada, UK, Indonesia and Vietnam import sugar from India.

17. Aircraft Industry: Hindustan Aeronautics India Ltd. was formed by merging two aircraft factories at Bangalore and
Kanpur. Four other factories are at Nasik, Hyderabad, Koraput (Orissa), Lucknow

18. Rubber Industry: Bareilly (UP), Baroda (Gujarat) -Synthetic Rubber Units, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Amritsar-
Reclaimed Rubber Units.

19. Paper industry- The first modern paper industry in India was set up in 1812 at Sehrampore (West Bengal). However
this venture failed and the industry made a fresh beginning in 1870 with the Royal Paper Mills at Ballyganj near Kolkata.
The important paper mills in the country are located at following places-Panchgram (Assam), Palana, Namakkal (Tamil
Nadu), Meerut, Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh), Lalkuan (Uttarakhand), The National News print and paper mills (NEPA)-
Nepanagar, Shahdol (Madhya Pradesh), Kurnool, Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh), Dandeli, Belgola (Karnataka),
Kottyam (Kerala) and kamptee (Maharashtra).

Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation

Air Pollution: High proportion of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide create air pollution. Suspended
particulate matters also create problems. Smoke is emitted from chimneys of various factories. Some industry also pose
the risk of leak of hazardous chemicals; the way it happened during the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. Air pollution has adverse
effect on human health, animals, plants, buildings, and the atmosphere as a whole.
Water Pollution: Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents cause water pollution. Paper, pulp, chemical,
textile, dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries, etc. are the main culprits of water pollution.
Thermal Pollution of water: It occurs when hot water from factories or thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds
before cooling. This plays havoc with the aquatic life.
Radioactive Waste: Waste from nuclear power plants contains highly radioactive materials and it needs to be properly
stored. Any leakage of radioactive material can cause short term and long term damages to humans as well as to other life
forms.
Noise Pollution: Noise pollution can result in constant irritation, hypertension and hearing impairment. Factory
equipments, generators, electric drills, etc. are the major sources of noise pollution.
Preventing Environmental Degradation by Industry:
a) Water should be reused and recycled in the industry. This will help in minimizing the use of freshwater.
b) Rainwater harvesting should be promoted.
c) Hot water and effluents should be treated before being released in rivers and ponds.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following industries use limestone as raw material?

a) Aluminium
b) Cement
c) Sugar
d) Jute
2. Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
a) HAIL
b) SAIL
c) TATA Steel
d) MNCC
3. Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
a) Aluminium
b) Cement
c) Jute
d) Steel
4. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.
a) Steel
b) Aluminium
c) Electronic
d) Information Technology
5. Electric locomotives are manufactured at:
a) Jamshedpur
b) Varanasi
c) Kapurthala
d) Perambur
6. Where the first iron and steel unit on modern lines was made in India?
a) Kulti
b) Burnpur
c) Bhadravati
d) Rourkela
7. Which of the following iron and steel plant was established with German collaboration.
a) Durgapur
b) Rourkela
c) Bhilai
d) Jamshedpur
8. Which iron and steel plant of India was established with the collaboration of Great Britain.
a) Bhilai
b) Bokaro
c) Durgapur
d) Salem
9. Who provided us the technical support for establishing Bhilai and Bokaro steel plants?
a) America
b) Great Britain
c) Germany
d) USSR
10. Which iron and steel plant of India has contributed special steel for vehicles related to Indian space satellite
programme.
a) Vishakhapatnam steel plant
b) Bokaro steel plant
c) Rourkela steel plant
d) Durgapur steel plant
11. Which of the following is not an important centre of the Hindustan Machine Tools?
a) Pinjore
b) Hyderabad
c) Srinagar
d) Bangalore
12. Where was the first aircraft industry set up in India?
a) Koraput
b) Nashik
c) Bangalore
d) Kanpur
13. Which one of the following is a by- product of the sugar industry?
a) Jaggary
b) Khandsari
c) Bagasse
d) White sugar
14. Identify the sector from the following which is different from the three others:
a) Tata Iron and Steel company Limited
b) Reliance Industries Limited
c) Post office
d) Dabur Industries
15. Match the items of list- I with that of list- II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List- I (Industrial production) List –II (Place of production)
A. Brassware 1. Kanchipuram
B. Silk sarees 2. Lucknow
C. Chikkan embroidery 3. Moradabad
D. Sports goods 4. Jalandhar
Code: A B C D
a) 3 1 2 4
b) 3 2 1 4
c) 4 2 1 3
d) 4 1 2 3
16. Match List 1 and List 2 and select the correct answer using the code given below the list:
List 1 (Paper industry centre) List 2 (State)
A. Kamptee 1. Karnataka
B. Rajahmundry 2. Maharashtra
C. Shahdol 3. Andhra Pradesh
D. Belagola 4. Madhya Pradesh
Code: A B C D
a) 1 4 3 2
b) 2 3 4 1
c) 1 3 4 2
d) 2 4 3 1
17. Match List 1 and List 2 and select the correct answer using the code given below the list:
List 1 (Place) List 2 (Industry)
A. Jabalpur 1. Petro- chemical industry
B. Bengaluru 2. Information technology
C. Mathura 3. Paper industry
D. Ballarpur 4. Automobile industry
Code: A B C D
a) 4 1 2 3
b) 3 2 1 4
c) 4 2 1 3
d) 3 1 2 4
18. Consider the following statements:
1. Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) has been exporting helicopters.
2. The helicopter manufactured by HAL is known by the name Saras.
Which of the above statements is/ are true?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
19. Reliance’s Jamnagar Oil Refinery, considered as the largest refinery in the world, is located in
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Karnataka
(d) Gujarat
20. At which one of the following places, India’s first atomic power station started?
(a) Kalpakkam
(b) Rana Pratap Sagar
(c) Narora
(d) Tarapur
21. The Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited is located in……?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Telangana
(c) Jharkhand
(d) Madhya Pradesh
22. Which is not a factor of industrial location?
(a) Market
(b) Population Density
(c) Capital
(d) Power
23. The earliest Iron and Steel Company to be established in India was:
(a) IISCO
(b) TISCO
(c) Visvesvaraiya Iron and Steel Works
(d) Mysore Iron and Steel Works.
24. Nangal is known for
(a) Copper
(b) Oil Refinery
(c) Fertilizers
(d) Penicillin industry
25. Ankleswar in Gujarat is well known for
(a) Fertilizers
(b) Copper
(c) Oil Refinery
(d) Penicillin industry
26. Security Printing Press is at
(a) Delhi
(b) Nasik
(c) Mumbai
(d) Varanasi
27. Diesel locomotives are manufactured at
(a) Kapurthala
(b) Perambur
(c) Varanasi
(d) Jamshedpur
28. After textile, the second largest industry of India is
(a) Sugar
(b) Jute
(c) Cement
(d) None of these
29. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
List I (Manufacturing Sites) List II ( Industry)
A. Ludhiana 1. Auto Parts
B. Kanpur 2. Woollen Garments
C. Varanasi 3. Leather
D. Vijaywada 4. Handlooms

Codes A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 1 3 4 2
30. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I (Steel Mill) List- II (State)
A. Kalinganagar 1. West Bengal
B. Vijayanagar 2. Tamil Nadu
C. Salem 3. Odisha
D. Durgapur 4. Karnataka
. Code: A B C D
(a) 1 4 2 3
(b) 1 2 4 3
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 3 2 4 1
31. Arrange the locations of four oil refineries of India from west to east.
(a) Koyali – Kochi – Panipat – Mathura.
(b) Kochi – Koyali – Panipat – Mathura
(c) Koyali – Panipat – Kochi – Mathura
(d) Koyali – Panipat – Mathura – Kochi
32. Which one of the following statements about Koyali is correct?
It is a/ an/ the
(a) Hydroelectric plant in Uttar Pradesh
(b) Historic cultural tourist center in Rajasthan
(c) Oil refinery located in Gujrat
(d) Site of steel plant under construction in MP
33. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
List- I List- II
A. Agricultural machineries 1. Saharanpur, Dalmianagar
B. Cement 2. Hardwar, Bhopal
C. Paper 3. Ernakulam, Faridabad
D. Heavy electricals 4. Dwarka, Chaibasa
Codes: A B C D
(a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 4 3 1 2
(d) 4 3 2 1
34. Which one of the following ports in Gujrat is famous for ship breaking and ship reparing?
(a) Porbandar
(b) Patan
(c) Pipavav
(d) Mandavi
35. Consider the following statements:
1. River valley project: Water body induced seismicity
2. Mining project: Groundwater and surface water pollution
3. Thermal power project: Degradation of land
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1 alone
36. Exclusive right over any idea or invention.
( a) Commercial rights
(b) Patent
(c) Copyright
(d) None of them
37. The correct sequence (in descending order) of the given industries in terms of consumption of coal in India is:
(a) Iron and steel, cement, textile, thermal power
(b) Thermal power, textile, iron and steel, cement
(c) Iron and steel, thermal power, cement, textile
(d) Thermal power, iron and steel, cement, textile
38. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List- I (Industrial activity) List- II (Place)
A. Tannery 1. Narora
B. Rubber 2. Kozhikode
C. Vanaspati 3. Tonk
D. Atomic energy 4. Kankroli
Codes: A B C D
(a) 3 2 4 1
(b) 1 4 2 3
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 1 2 4 3
39. Match the manufacturing units with their locations
Manufacturing Unit State
A. Chittaranjan Locomotive Works 1. Tamil Nadu
B. Integral Coach Factory 2. Punjab
C. Wheel and Axle Plant 3. West Bengal
D. Rail Coach Factory 4. Karnataka
Codes: A B C D
(a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 1 2 4
40. Where was oil discovered for the first time in India?
(a) Digboi
(b) Numaligarh
(c) Bongaigon
(d) Barauni
41. Bharat Oman Refineries Ltd a joint venture of Bharat Petroleum and Oman Oil operates a refinery at –
(a) Bhatinda
(b) Panipat
(c) Bina
(d) Mathura
42. At which place in Tamil Nadu is a refinery located?
(a) Manali
(b) Thanjavur
(c) Srirangam
(d) Madurai
43. ONGC operates a refinery in Tatipaka which is located in –
(a) Karnataka
(b) Gujarat
(c) Assam
(d) Andhra Pradesh
44. Which of the following is a subsidiary of ONGC?
(a) Bongaigaon Refineries and Petrochemicals Ltd
(b) Mangalore Refineries and Petrochemicals Ltd
(c) Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited
(d) Kochi Refineries Ltd
45. The world’s largest oil refinery operated by Reliance Petroleum is located at –
(a) Jamnagar
(b) Koyali
(c) Visakhapatnam
(d) Mangalore
46. At which of the following places is the largest oil refinery in the public sector located?
(a) Haldia
(b) Panipat
(c) Barauni
(d) Kochi
47. In which district of Rajasthan is the Aishwarya Oil Field located?
(a) Bikaner
(b) Barmer
(c) Jaisalmer
(d) Udaipur
48. Which company operates the oil fields in Mangala area in Rajasthan?
(a) Cairn India
(b) Essar Oil
(c) Reliance Petroleum
(d) ONGC
49. Taj Mahal is affected by pollution caused by which of the following refineries?
(a) Panipat
(b) Bina
(c) Mathura
(d) Koyali
50. The refinery at Bhatinda is named after –
(a) Guru Gobind Singh
(b) Bhagat Singh
(c) Guru Nanak
(d) Ranjit Singh
51.Which company owns the most number of oil refineries in India?
(a) HPCL
(b) IOC
(c) BPCL
(d) ONGC
52. Mumbai high oil field is run by which company?
(a) Essar India
(b) IOCL
(c) HPCL
(d) ONGC