Solution

ATOMIC STRUCTURE SAMPLE PAPER

Class 11 - Chemistry
Section A
1.
(c) their increasing energies
Explanation: The Aufbau Principle states that in the ground state of an atom, an electron enters the orbital with the lowest
energy first and subsequent electrons are fed in the order of increasing energies. The word 'aufbau' in German means 'building
up'. Here, it refers to the filling up of orbitals with electrons.
2.
(b) Fe3+, Mn2+
Explanation: Explanation: Fe(Z-26: 3d64s2) and Mn (Z-25: 3d54s2)
Fe3+: 3d5 and Mn2+: 3d5 will have the same no. of electrons and hence, the same electronic configuration.
3.
(c) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
2 2 6 2 6 1 10

Explanation: Exceptional electronic configuration arises because of the extra stability due to the half-filled and fully filled

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electronic configuration. Half filled and fully filled electronic configuration has extra stability due to two factors:
Symmetrical arrangement.
Stability due to the exchange energy.
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4.
(c) Group Number
Explanation: Group Number
5.
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(b) probability density of finding an electron

Explanation: Probability density of finding an electron at a point within an atom, it is possible to predict the region around the
nucleus where the electron can most probably be found.
ψ has no physical significance while ψ represents the probability density of finding an electron.
2 2
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6.
(c) 1.72 × 106 m-1
Explanation: Wavenumber is defined as the reciprocal of a wavelength.
1
ν̄ =
λ

where, λ = wavelength = 5800 Å = 5.8 × 10-7 m

1.72 × 106 m-1.
1
So, ν̄ =
−7
=
5.8×10

7.
(d) 3d54s2
Explanation: 3d54s2
The 3d orbital in this case is exactly half-filled and the 4s orbital is completely filled. The half filled and completely filled
electronic configurations have a symmetrical distribution of electrons which leads to stability. The 4s sub-energy level is at
lower energy than the 3d sub-energy level.
8.
(c) Balmer series
Explanation: Balmar series
9.
(d) Visible region
Explanation: The spectral lines obtained as a result of transition of electrons from higher energy levels to the second energy
level of a hydrogen atom give rise to Balmer Series which is in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum.

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10.
(d) Z > Y > X
Explanation: Z > Y > X
11.
(d) ΔE = hν
Explanation: In his model of the atom, Bohr used Planck's quantum hypothesis, and of course his knowledge from prior
findings. Bohr uses Ryberg's formula for explaining how the electrons emit light as they move from one orbital to another. The
point Bohr was trying to get across is that energy is not continuous in an atom. We can say that an atom that is in the lowest
energy level is in the ground state, and when it moves to a higher level it is in an excited state. The energy of a photon, lost or
gained, is calculated using Planck's equation: (h is Planck's constant, 6.62607 × 10-34 J s / cycles, and v stands for frequency in
cycles/s)
Energy Difference(ΔE) = hν
12.
(c) 35

17
Cl

Explanation: Chlorine has atomic number 17 and atomic mass 35.5u.

13.
(c) motions of the microscopic objects that have both observable wave-like and particle-like properties
Explanation: Quantum mechanics, science dealing with the behaviour of matter and light on the atomic and subatomic scale. It

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attempts to describe and account for the properties of molecules and atoms and their constituents—electrons, protons, neutrons,
and other more esoteric particles such as quarks and gluons.
14.
(c) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
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Explanation: Werner Heisenberg, a German physicist in 1927, stated the uncertainty principle which is the consequence of the
dual behavior of matter and radiation. It states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously, the exact position and exact
momentum (or velocity) of an electron. It rules out the existence of definite paths or trajectories of electron and other similar
particles.
15.
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(c) Photoelectric effect

Explanation: Electrons are ejected from the metal when the light of a certain frequency strikes the surface of a metal, This
phenomenon is known as the photoelectric effect and the ejected electrons are called photoelectrons.
16.
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(c) l
Explanation: Azimuthal quantum number. 'I' also known as orbital angular momentum or subsidiary quantum number. It
defines the three-dimensional shape of the orbital. For a given value of n,1 can have n values ranging from 0 to n-1, that is, for
a given value of n, the possible values of 1 are: 1 = 0, 1, 2, .......(n - 1).
17.
(c) R.A. Millikan's oil drop experiment
Explanation: In 1909, Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher conducted the oil drop experiment to determine the charge of an
electron. They suspended tiny charged droplets of oil between two metal electrodes by balancing downward gravitational force
with upward drag and electric forces.
The experiment helped earn Millikan a Nobel prize in 1923

Section B
18. The phenomenon for ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal when light of suitable frequency falls on it, is called the
photoelectric effect and the emitted electrons are called photoelectrons.
The photoelectric effect supports a particle theory of light like that it behaves like an elastic collision (one that conserves
mechanical energy) between two particles, the photon of light and the electron of the metal for example you shine light on a metal
of any intensity with energy below the binding energy of an electron, no electrons from the metal will be ejected. Since, as soon as
the frequency of light is high enough such that the energy exceeds the binding energy, the electron from the metal can be knocked
off the metal, if the energy of the photon that hits the metal is hν , then energy will be conserved in the collision so that hν = BE +
KEelectron

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 −18 2
(2.18× 10 J)Z
19. En = - 2
atom-1
n

For He+, n = 1, Z = 2
−18 2

= -8.72 × 10-18 J
(2.18× 10 J)(2 )
E1 = − 2
1
2
(0.0529nm)n
rn =
Z

Since n = 1, and Z = 2
2
(0.0529nm)l
rn =
2
= 0.02645 nm
20. Charge on oil droplet = -1.282 × 10-18 C
Charge on an electron = -1.602 × 10-19 C
−18
q (−1.282× 10 C)
Number of electrons = e
=
−19
=8
(−1.602× 10 C)

21. 'l' signifies the secondary quantum number.

'L' signifies second energy level (n = 2).
22. Given, Mass of electron me = 9.1 × 10-31 kg and h = 6.6 × 10-34 kg m2s-1
Uncertainty in speed, Δv = 600 × 0.005

100
= 0.03ms
−1

−34

Using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Δx = 6.6×10

−31
−3
= 1.92 × 10 m .
4×3.14×9.1× 10 ×0.03

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.
Section C
23. The atomic number is equal to number of protons = 16. The element is sulphur (S).
Atomic mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons = 16 + 16 = 32
Species is not neutral as the number of protons is not equal to electrons. It is anion (negatively charged) with charge equal to
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excess electrons = 18 – 16 = 2
Symbol is S 32
16
2−

24. Let the number of electrons in an ion A3+= x

∴ Number or neutrons = x + x =1.304x
30.4

100
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(Number of neutrons are 30.4% more than the number of electrons).

Number of electrons in neutral atom = x + 3 ( Since, The ion carries + 3 charge)
So, number of protons in neutral atom = x + 3
Given, Mass number of ion = 56.
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We know that, mass number = n + p = 1.304x + x + 3 = 56

or 2.304x +3 = 56
or 2.304 x = 56 - 3 = 53.
53
or x = 2.304
= 23.003 ≈ 23

∴ Number of protons = 23 + 3 = 26 = Atomic number

Therefore, the symbol of the ion is F e . 56
26
3+

25. i. 1s 2 2 2
2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz , 3s
2 2 2

ii. 1s 2 2
2s ,
1
2px ,
1
2py ,
1
2pz

iii. 1s2 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d2

iv. 1s2 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d5, 4s1
26. Step I. Calculation of energy required
The energy required is the difference in the energy when the electron jumps from orbit with n = ∞ to orbit with n = 2
The energy required (ΔE) = E∞ - E2

= 5.45 × 10-19 J
−18
2.18×10
= 0 - (− 4
J)

Step II. Calculation of the longest wavelength of light in cm used to cause the transition
ΔE = hv = hc/λ
−34 8 −1
(6.626× 10 Js)×(3× 10 ms )
hc
λ = =
ΔE −19
(5.45× 10 J)

= 3.644 × 10-7 m = 3.644 × 10-7 × 10-7 = 3.645 × 10-5 cm

27. i. n = 3, l = 2,

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 ii. n = 4, l = 2
iii. n = 3, l = 2
iv. n = 4, Z = 2
v. n = 2, l = 1,
vi. n = 3, l = 1,
8 −1
(3.0× 10 ms )

28. i. Frequency of emission (v) = c

λ
= −9
(616× 10 m)

ii. Velocity of radiation (c) = 3.0 × 108 ms-1

Distance traveled in 30s = (3.0 × 10 8
ms
−1
) × (30s) = 9.0 × 109 m
−34 8 −1
(6.626× 10 Js)×(3× 10 ms )

iii. Energy of quanta (E) = hv = hc

λ
= −9
(616× 10 m)

= 32.27 × 10-20 j
iv. Number of quanta present in 2 J of energy
Total energy (2J)
= Energy per quanta
= −20
= 6.2 × 1018
(32.27× 10 J)

29. A quantum is a bundle of energy of a definite magnitude (E = 2 Ω ) and it may be from any source. However, a photon is
quantum of energy associated with light only
A photon is an elementary particle, but the quantum is not considered as an elementary particle.
A photon has the properties of both wavelike and particle-like, but quantum does not.

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Quantum can be described as a measure of quantity, but a photon is not about a measure of quantity. A photon can be
defined as a quantum of energy.
30. The energy (E) of a 300 nm photon is given by
hn = hc/λ
−34 8 −1

= 6.626× 10 Js×3.0× 10 ms
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−9
300× 10 m

= 6.626 × 10-19 J
The energy of one mole of photons
= 6.626 × 10–19 J × 6.022 × 1023 mol–1
= 3.99 × 105 J mol–1
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The minimum energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from sodium
= (3.99 –1.68) 105 J mol–1
= 2.31 × 105 J mol–1
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The minimum energy for one electron

5 −1

= 2.31× 10 Jmol

23 −1
6.022×10 electrons mol

= 3.84 × 10-19 J
This corresponds to the wavelength
hc
∴ λ =
E
−34 5 −1

= 6.626× 10 Js×3.0× 10 ms

−19
3.84× 10 J

= 517 nm
(This corresponds to green light)
Section D
31. 1s electron being close to the nucleus experiences more force of attraction than 2s-electron which is away from the nucleus. Force
of attraction is inversely proportional to the square of distance between the particles.
32. No, atomic orbitals do not have sharp boundaries because the probability of finding the electrons even at large distances may
become very small but not equal to zero.
Section E
33. We know that, hν = hν o + K.E.
⇒ hν o = hν - K.E.
⇒ ν0 = ν −
KE

h
.....(i)
According to the question, ν = 1.0 × 10 15
s
−1
, K.E. = 1.988 × 10 −19 −34
J , h = 6.626 × 10 Js.

From (i) we have,

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 −19
15 −1 1.988× 10 J
ν0 = 1.0 × 10 s −
−34
6.626× 10 Js

15 15 −1
= (1.0 × 10 − 0.30 × 10 )s

15 −1 14 −1
= 0.7 × 10 s = 7 × 10 s

According to the question, λ = 600nm = 600 × 10 −9 −7

m = 6.0 × 10 m
8 −1
c 3.0× 10 m s 14 −1
⇒ν = = = 5 × 10 s
λ −7
6.0× 10 m

We observe that, ν < ν , 0

Therefore, no electron will be emitted.

34. Limitations of Bohr's model of an atom:
i. It could not explain spectrum of multi-electron atoms.
ii. It could not explain Zeeman and Stark effects.
iii. It could not explain shape of molecules.
iv. It was not in accordance with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
Quantum Mechanical Model: It was developed on the basis of Heisenberg's uncertainty principal and dual behaviour of matter.
Main features of this model are given below:
i. The energy of electrons in an atoms is quantized i.e. can only have certain values.
ii. The existence of quantized electronic energy levels is a direct result of the wave like properties of electrons.
iii. Both the exact position and velocity of an electron in an atom cannot be determined simultaneously.
iv. The orbitals are filled in increasing order of energy. All the information about the electron in an atom is stored in orbital wave

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function Ψ .
v. From the value of ψ at different points within atom, it is possible to predict the region around the nucleus where electron
2

most probably will be found.

35. i. As we know in 1 molecule of methane, 1 carbon atom and 4 atoms of hydrogen is present.
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In carbon, there are six electrons and hydrogen consist of one electron each.
So a total number of electrons in methane = 6 + 4 = 10 electrons
By Avogadro’s Law, we know that
1 mole of methane contains 6.023× 1023 atoms. So the total number of electrons of in 1-mole methane = 10× 6.023 × 1023 =
6.023 × 1024 electrons
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So the total number of electrons in 1 mole of methane is 6.023 × 1024 electrons

ii. Mass of one neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 kg
1 mole of Carbon atom = 6.023 × 1023 atoms
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Number of neutrons in 1 carbon atom = 14 - 6= 8

So the total number of neutrons in 14g of Carbon = 6.023 × 1023 × 8 neutrons
23 −3
6.023× 10 ×8×7× 10
So 7mg of Carbon will contain = 14

= [3.37288× 1022] / 14
= 2.4092 × 1021 neutrons
So, Mass of 2.4092 × 1021 neutrons = [2.4092 × 1021] × [1.675 × 10–24]
= 4.035 × 10–3 g
So, in 7 mg of carbon total number of neutrons is 2.41 × 1021 and the total mass of the neutrons is 4.035 × 10–3 g
iii. Molecular Mass of Ammonia = 17g
By Avogadro’s Law,
1 mole of Ammonia = 17g of Ammonia = 6.023 × 1023 atoms
Total Number of Protons in Ammonia = 7 + 3= 10
So the total number of protons in Ammonia = 6.023 × 1024 protons
17g of Ammonia contains 6.023 × 1024 protons
So, 34 mg of Ammonia will contain X number of protons
24 −3
6.023× 10 ×34× 10
x =
17

X = [6.023 × 1024] × [2 × 10-3]

X = 1.2046 × 1022 protons

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 Mass of one proton = 1.6726 × 10–24g
So, Mass of 1.2046 × 1022 protons = [1.6726 × 10–24] × [1.2046 × 1022]
= 20.148 × 10-3 g
So, in 34 mg of ammonia total number of protons is 1.205× 1022 and the total mass of the protons is 20.148× 10-3 g.
No, the answer will not vary with the change in temperature and pressure because the number of subatomic particles like protons,
neutrons, and electrons is fixed for each and every element and it does not vary with temperature and pressure.

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