Document 2021-02-25 124544

Evaluation Only. Created with Aspose.Words. Copyright 2003-2018 Aspose Pty Ltd.
MEAL PLANNING
Food needs and requirements differ with individuals and vary

according to;
.age and sex
.Health condition
.daily activity
.likes and dislikes,food customs and taboos.
Food preparation and consumption is influenced by the

following;
. ability and skills of the preparer
. Time and facilities available
. foods that are available
. income available to spend on food
. colour, appearance and presentation of the food
. the taste ,flavor and texture of the food
. surrounding atmosphere in which h the food is

TERMS USED IN MEAL PLANNING
Balanced meal
A balanced meal is one that provides all nutrients in their
correct proportions throughout the day and should also
provide balance in terms of texture,colour,flavour and
variety.
Diet
This refers to food eaten by an individual daily.
Meal
Refers to food eaten at a particular time of the day eg
breakfast,lunch and supper.
A dish
Refers to either a soup ,main protein or a pudding
where several ingredients are used to come up with
(make)an item eg cake,tea,sauce,soup etc. A dish with
accompaiments makes one course of a meal.
Course
Refers to how the meal is divided eg
1st course----------starter/appertizer
2nd course----------main dish and its accompaniments
3rd course----------sweet/dessert.
Accompaniment
Items(food) served separately with dish eg
salads,vegetables sauces,starches like boiled rice,bread
rolls, sauces and many others .
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS INDIVIDUALS
These vary depending on the following;
Age, sex ,daily activities of an individual or health status of an

individual every individual must have balanced diet daily,however
there situations where one will require more than just balanced
but extra nutrients inorder to meet the nutritional
requirements.Hences some individual need a special diet.
SPECIAL DIET
EXPECTANT AND LACTATING WOMEN
These require a special diet that produces a healthy baby at the

same time maintaining her own health .But this does not mean
she should eat for two. She maintains her normal amount of food
but should provide sufficient to cope with the demands of the
foetus as well as of her own body. The following nutrients should
be included in her diet
1. Iron as she requires a lot of blood for the foetus.
2. Calcium and phosphorus and vitamin D for bone formation.
3. Proteins for development and growth of the baby.
NOTE .All nutrients are important during pregnancy
Water and dietary fibre (NSP) are no exception.
TODDLERS AND YOUNG CHILDREN (UP TO 5 YRS)
At this age growth and activity are greatly

increased,therefore meals should provide plenty of the
following nutrients to cope with this;
Proteins ----for body growth
Calcium---- for development of bones and teeth
Flouride----for teeth
Iron---- for red blood cells
NOTE
.The diet should be balanced in all aspects
.Provide a wide variety of nutritious food
.Serve food that full of flavor and are colourful
.Introduce new food with old favourites
.Serve small portions to encourage appropriate food

habbits
.Try to feed as soon as they are hungry

. Make meal times pleasant occasions
. Provide small mealsand snacks to maintain a consistent

energy
Supply.
Serve finger foods that are manageable for the childr n to
encourage them to feed themselves.
School-age children
Activity and body growth continue to increase , meals therefore

enough nutrients for energy and growth as well as providing a
balanced diet .
Adolescents
Nutrient requirement continue to increase as adolescence is a

period of rapid growth,and body development. Hormones for
adulthood start to be produced The diet now should include a lot
of fruits and vegetables and should avoid fatty foods. Boys will
require more energy giving foods than girls while girls will require
more iron than boys.
Appertite at this age is high ,hence they are likely to eat in

between meals. Avoid giving“junk “food instead provide fresh
fruit,raw vegs eg carrot etc.
Adult
Body growth declines in adulthood but still need to maintain and

repair the body and to keep it healthy.The amount of daily activity
affects energy and nutrient requirement ,therefore meals shold be
planned accordingly.
Active lifestyle
Meals for active people must provide enough energy and reduce
saturated fats .Carbohydrates,water and salt must be increased
Suitable foods include ;
Breakfast----whole grain cereals,grilled

bacon,sausages,eggs,omeletteswith cheese,mushroom,bread
rolls,toast,marmalade or jam.
Lunch-----vegetable or meat pasties, pulse based

soup,sandwichesor rolls with fillings such as cheese,meat. Fresh
fruit,small cake,biscuit, pudding and a beverage

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Evaluation Only. Created with Aspose.Words. Copyright 2003-2018 Aspose Pty Ltd.

Food needs and requirements differ with individuals and vary

.age and sex

.likes and dislikes,food customs and taboos.

Food preparation and consumption is influenced by the

. ability and skills of the preparer

. Time and facilities available

. foods that are available

. income available to spend on food

. colour, appearance and presentation of the food

. the taste ,flavor and texture of the food

. surrounding atmosphere in which h the food is

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS INDIVIDUALS

These vary depending on the following;

Age, sex ,daily activities of an individual or health status of an

These require a special diet that produces a healthy baby at the

TODDLERS AND YOUNG CHILDREN (UP TO 5 YRS)

At this age growth and activity are greatly

.The diet should be balanced in all aspects

.Provide a wide variety of nutritious food

.Serve food that full of flavor and are colourful

.Introduce new food with old favourites

.Serve small portions to encourage appropriate food

.Try to feed as soon as they are hungry

. Provide small mealsand snacks to maintain a consistent

Serve finger foods that are manageable for the childr n to

encourage them to feed themselves.

Activity and body growth continue to increase , meals therefore

Nutrient requirement continue to increase as adolescence is a

Appertite at this age is high ,hence they are likely to eat in

Body growth declines in adulthood but still need to maintain and

Suitable foods include ;

Breakfast----whole grain cereals,grilled

Lunch-----vegetable or meat pasties, pulse based

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