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Forced_Convection

HT Lab Manual

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Aniket Monga
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13 views

Forced_Convection

HT Lab Manual

Uploaded by

Aniket Monga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PIN - FIN IN FORCED CONVECTION

AIM:
(a)To draw the variation of temperature along the length of Pin-Fin under forced
convection.
(b)To determine the value of heat transfer co-efficient under forced convection and to
find effectiveness and efficiency of the pin-fin for insulated boundary condition.
THEORY:
The heat transfer from a heated surface to the ambient is given by the relation q = hA ∆T.

In this relation, h is the heat transfer coefficient, ∆T is the temperature difference and A
is the area of heat transfer. To increase q, h may be increased or surface area may be
increased. In some cases, it is not possible to increase the value of heat transfer
coefficient and the temperature difference ∆T and thus the only alternative is to increase
the surface area of heat transfer. The surface area is increased by attaching extra material
in the form of rod (circular or rectangular) on the surface where we have to increase the
transfer rate. "This extra material attached is called the extended surface or fin". The fins
may be attached on a plane surface, and then they are called plane surface fins. If the fins
are attached on the cylindrical surface, they are called circumferential fins. The cross
section of the fin may be circular, rectangular, triangular or parabolic.
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND HEAT TRANSFER FROM FINS NDER
END INSULATEDCONDITION.
Temperature distribution along the length of the fin is
(Ө / Ө0) = (T ─ T∞) / (To ─T∞)
= Cosh [ m ( L ─ x )] / Cosh (mL)
Where T = Temperature at any distance x on the fin
To = temperature at x = 0
T∞ = Ambient temperature
L = Length of the fin
m = √ (hc P) / (k Ac )
where
P = Perimeter of the fin
Ac=Cross-sectional Area of the fin
k = Thermal conductivity of the fin material
hc= Convective heat transfer coefficient

Heat transfer rate, q = Ө0 √ (hcP k A tan h (mL)


EFFECTIVENESS OF FIN
Effectiveness of a fin is defined as the ratio of the heat transfer rate with fin to the heat
transfer rate that would exist without a fin.
For end insulated condition

√ h c P k Ac Ө0 tan h (mL
ε=
hc Ac Ө0

ε= Pk tan h (mL )
hc Ac

The efficiency of a fin is defined as the ratio of the actual heat transferred by the fin to
the maximum heat transferable by the fin if the entire fin surface area were at base
temperature.
Ө0 √ hc P k A tan h (mL )
η=
hc Ac Ө0

tan h (mL )
η=
mL
DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS
The apparatus consists of M.S. duct, which is placed horizontally an M.S. platform with
table. One side of duct open to atmosphere another side is fixed by a blower suction side.
In this the air is sucking and passed through an orifice, where pressure drop is measured
by mercury manometer.
A pin - fin arrangement is fixed across the duct in which the end of the fin is connected to
a heater. The heater input is controlled by a dimmer starter which is placed on the
platform. .
A voltmeter and ammeter is fixed to panel "is measured to wattage. A temperature
indicator also fixed to indicate the temperature of the fin. Six numbers of temperature
selective switch is fixed.

PROCEDURE:
01. Keep the thermocouple selector switch to zero position.
02. Turn the dimmerstat knob clockwise and adjust the power input to the heater
to the desired value in voltmeter (say 50 V).
03. Switch on the blower.
04. Set the airflow rate to any desired value by adjusting the difference in
Mercury in the manometer.
05. Allow the unit to stabilize.
06. Turn the thermocouple selector switch clockwise and note down the
temperature Tl to T6.
07. Note down the difference in level of the manometer.
08. Repeat the experiment for different power input to the heater. .
09. After taking the reading turn dimmerstat to anti clockwise direction to the
zero position.

SPECIFICATIONM OF FIN
01. Length of the fin L = 15O mm
02. Diameter of the fin ‘d’= 12 mm
03. Thermal Conductivity of fin material
Aluminum = 204 w/m k
04. Diameter of the orifice= 0.02 m
05. Width of the duct ‘W’ = 0.15 m
06. Breadth of the duct ‘B’ = 0.1 m
07. Co-efficient of discharge of the orifice Cd = 0.61
OBSERVATION TABLE :

S.N. Voltage Current Temperature 0C Manometer


‘V’ ‘I’ T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 reading

CALCULATIONS:
1. Calculate heat transfer rate.
2. Use formula temperature distribution along the length, find various temperatures.
3. Calculate heat transfer coefficient.
4. Calculate effectiveness and efficiency.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Handle the dimmerstat carefully.
2. Turn thermocouple selector switch gently.
3. Difference in level of the manometer must be zero while starting the blower.
4. Set the air flow rate to the desire value, within the limits of manometer.
RESULT:
DISCUSSIONS OF RESULT :

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