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3: PIN FIN APPARATUS

1. INTRODUCTION:

Extended surfaces or fins are used to increase the heat transfer rates from a surface to the
surroundingfluid wherever it is not possible to Increaset e value of the surface heat transfer
coefficient or the temperature difference between the surface and the fluid.AFinsare lubricated in
variety of forms. Fins around the air cooled engines are a common example.

As the fins extend from primary heat transfer surface, the temperature difference with the
surrounding fluid diminishes towards the tip of the fin. The aim of the experiment is to study the
temperature distributionand the effectivenessof the fin, which plays an important role in fin
design.

The 'Dynamic' apparatus consists of a simple pin fin which is fitted in a rectangular duct.
The duct is attached to suction end of a blower. One end of fin is heated by an electrical heater.
Thermocouplesare mounted along the length of fin and thermocouplenotes the duct fluid
temperature. When top cover over the fin is removed and heating started, performance of fin with
natural convection can be evaluated and with top cover closed and blower started, fin can be tested
in forced convection.

2. SPECIFICATIONS:

l. Fins - 12 mm O.D., effective length 102 mm and 5 Nos. of thermocouple positions along
the length, made of brass, mild steel and aluminum I each.
Fin is screwed in heater block which is heated by a band heater.
2. Duct —150 x 100 cross section, 1000 mm long connected to suction side of blower.
3. F.H.P. centrifugal blower with orifice and flow control valve on discharge side.
4. Orifice —diameter 22 mm, coefficient of discharge Cd = 0.64.
5. Measurements and Controls-
a. Dimmerstat to control heater input: 0-200V, 2 amp.
b. Voltmeter: 0-250 V, for heater supply voltage.
c. Ammeter: 0-1 amp. For heater current.
d. Multichannel digital temperature indicator.
e. Water manometer connected to orificemeter.
 T-Tf m(L-x)
cosh mL
fin. Temperatures
This is the equation for temperature distribution along the length of the
depends upon mode of
Tb hnd T/ ' will be known for the given situation and the value of 'h'
convection i.e. natural or forced.

4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

4.1 NATURAL CONVECTION:

Open the duct cover over the fin. Ensure proper earthing to the unit and switch 'ON' the
main supply. Adjust dimmerstat so that about 80 volts are supplied to the heater. The fin will start
heating. When the temperatures remain steady, note down the temperatures of the fin and duct
fluid temperature. Repeat the experiment at different inputs to heater.

OBSERVATIONS:
-re-me.
DUCT
FLUID
INPUT FIN TEMPERATUREoc
SR. NO. TEMP.

o.zc
0-23 700c
3 70 0c -z

fio\J 0-33

4.2 FORCED CONVECTION:

Close the duct cover over the fin. Start the blower. Adjust the dimmerstat so that about
100-110 volts are supplied to the heater. When the temperature becomes steady, note down all the
temperatures and the manometer difference.

Repeat the experiment at different inputs and at different air flow rates.
 Tc=T
MANOMETER DUCT FLIUD
SR. o
DIFFERENCE FIN TEMPERATURES c TEMPERATURE
NO.
H (m of water)
10
2 10.
3 12-

5 CALCULATIONS:
22,
5.1 NOMECLATURE:
Tl+T,+T3+T4+Ts
Average fin temperature =
5

Tmf mean film temperature —

2
pa Density of air (kg/m3)
Density of water (kg/m3) = 1000 kg/m3
Diameter of pin fin = 12 x 10-3m
Diameter of orifice 22 x 10-3m
coefficient of discharge of orifice = 0.64
dynamic viscosity of air (Ns/m2)
specific heat of air (KJ/kg0C)
kinematic viscosity (m2/s)
thermal conductivity of air (W/m0C)
1
volumetric expansion coefficient =
T +273
manomet er difference, 'm' of water
velocity of air duct (m/s)
volume flow rate of air (m3/s)
Vtmf velocity of air at mean film temperature (m/s)

All properties are to be evaluated at mean film temperature.

5.3 FORCED CONVECTION:

As in natural convection, for horizontal cylinder loosing heat by forced convection

Nu = 0.615(Re) for 40 < Re < 4000

0.618
Nu = O.174(Re) for 4000 < Re < 40000

v,mfD
Where, Re =

+273)
,tmf¯
(Tf +273)

Velocity of air is determined from air volume flow,

m3/s

V Q/Duct cross sectional area

m/s

From Nusselt Number, find out 'h' and from 'h find out 'm'.

Now from temperature distribution, heat transfer rate and effectiveness of the fin can be
calculated using equations 4,5 and 6 respectively.

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