Math Med and Hard Qs and Answers

Question ID 002dba45
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in

two variables
ID: 002dba45
Line is defined by . Line is perpendicular to line in the xy-plane. What is the slope of line ?
ID: 002dba45 Answer

Correct Answer: .1764, .1765, 3/17
Rationale
3
The correct answer is . It’s given that line 𝑗 is perpendicular to line 𝑘 in the xy-plane. This means that the slope of line 𝑗
17
17
is the negative reciprocal of the slope of line 𝑘. The equation of line 𝑘, 𝑦 = - 𝑥 + 5, is written in slope-intercept form
3
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 is the slope of the line and 𝑏 is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the line. It follows that the slope
17 17
of line 𝑘 is - . The negative reciprocal of a number is -1 divided by the number. Therefore, the negative reciprocal of - is
3 3
-1 3 3
17 , or
17
. Thus, the slope of line 𝑗 is
17
. Note that 3/17, .1764, .1765, and 0.176 are examples of ways to enter a correct
-
3
answer.
Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID f224df07
SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

in one or two
variables
ID: f224df07
A cargo helicopter delivers only 100-pound packages and 120-pound packages.

For each delivery trip, the helicopter must carry at least 10 packages, and the
total weight of the packages can be at most 1,100 pounds. What is the
maximum number of 120-pound packages that the helicopter can carry per trip?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
ID: f224df07 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Let a equal the number of 120-pound packages, and let b equal the number of 100-pound packages.
It’s given that the total weight of the packages can be at most 1,100 pounds: the inequality
represents this situation. It’s also given that the helicopter must carry at least 10 packages: the inequality
represents this situation. Values of a and b that satisfy these two inequalities represent the allowable numbers of 120-
pound packages and 100-pound packages the helicopter can transport. To maximize the number of 120-pound
packages, a, in the helicopter, the number of 100-pound packages, b, in the helicopter needs to be minimized. Expressing
b in terms of a in the second inequality yields , so the minimum value of b is equal to . Substituting
for b in the first inequality results in . Using the distributive property to rewrite this
inequality yields , or . Subtracting 1,000 from both sides of this
inequality yields . Dividing both sides of this inequality by 20 results in . This means that the maximum
number of 120-pound packages that the helicopter can carry per trip is 5.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly creating or solving the system of inequalities.

Question ID d1b66ae6
SAT Math Algebra Systems of two

linear equations in
two variables
ID: d1b66ae6
If satisfies the system of equations

above, what is the value of y ?
ID: d1b66ae6 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . One method for solving the system of equations for y is to add corresponding sides of the two
equations. Adding the left-hand sides gives , or 4y. Adding the right-hand sides yields
. It follows that . Finally, dividing both sides of by 4 yields or . Note that 3/2 and 1.5 are
examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID cb8f449f

linear equations in
two variables
ID: cb8f449f
The system of equations above has solution (x,

y). What is the value of x ?
A. 3
B.
C. 4
D. 6
ID: cb8f449f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Adding the corresponding sides of the two equations eliminates y and yields , as shown.
If (x, y) is a solution to the system, then (x, y) satisfies both equations in the system and any equation derived from them.
Therefore, .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may be the result of errors when solving the system.

Question ID 3cdbf026

two variables
ID: 3cdbf026
The graph of the equation is a line in the xy-plane, where a and k are
constants. If the line contains the points and , what is the value
of k ?
A.
B.
C. 2
D. 3
ID: 3cdbf026 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The value of k can be found using the slope-intercept form of a linear equation, , where
m is the slope and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. The equation can be rewritten in the form
. One of the given points, , is the y-intercept. Thus, the y-coordinate of the y-intercept must be
equal to . Multiplying both sides by k gives . Dividing both sides by gives .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made rewriting the given equation.

Question ID 2937ef4f

one variable
ID: 2937ef4f
Hector used a tool called an auger to remove corn from a storage bin at a
constant rate. The bin contained 24,000 bushels of corn when Hector began to
use the auger. After 5 hours of using the auger, 19,350 bushels of corn remained
in the bin. If the auger continues to remove corn at this rate, what is the total
number of hours Hector will have been using the auger when 12,840 bushels of
corn remain in the bin?
A. 3
B. 7
C. 8
D. 12
ID: 2937ef4f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. After using the auger for 5 hours, Hector had removed 24,000 – 19,350 = 4,650 bushels of corn from
the storage bin. During the 5-hour period, the auger removed corn from the bin at a constant rate of
bushels per hour. Assuming the auger continues to remove corn at this rate, after x hours it will have removed 930x
bushels of corn. Because the bin contained 24,000 bushels of corn when Hector started using the auger, the equation
24,000 – 930x = 12,840 can be used to find the number of hours, x, Hector will have been using the auger when 12,840
bushels of corn remain in the bin. Subtracting 12,840 from both sides of this equation and adding 930x to both sides of
the equation yields 11,160 = 930x. Dividing both sides of this equation by 930 yields x = 12. Therefore, Hector will have
been using the auger for 12 hours when 12,840 bushels of corn remain in the storage bin.
Choice A is incorrect. Three hours after Hector began using the auger, 24,000 – 3(930) = 21,210 bushels of corn
remained, not 12,840. Choice B is incorrect. Seven hours after Hector began using the auger, 24,000 – 7(930) = 17,490
bushels of corn will remain, not 12,840. Choice C is incorrect. Eight hours after Hector began using the auger, 24,000 –
8(930) = 16,560 bushels of corn will remain, not 12,840.

Question ID 2b15d65f
SAT Math Algebra Linear functions
ID: 2b15d65f
An economist modeled the demand Q for a certain product as a linear function

of the selling price P. The demand was 20,000 units when the selling price was
$40 per unit, and the demand was 15,000 units when the selling price was $60
per unit. Based on the model, what is the demand, in units, when the selling price
is $55 per unit?
A. 16,250
B. 16,500
C. 16,750
D. 17,500
ID: 2b15d65f Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Let the economist’s model be the linear function , where Q is the demand, P is the
selling price, m is the slope of the line, and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the line in the xy-plane, where .
Two pairs of the selling price P and the demand Q are given. Using the coordinate pairs , two points that satisfy the
function are and . The slope m of the function can be found using the formula
. Substituting the given values into this formula yields , or .

Therefore, . The value of b can be found by substituting one of the points into the function. Substituting
the values of P and Q from the point yields , or . Adding
10,000 to both sides of this equation yields . Therefore, the linear function the economist used as the model
is . Substituting 55 for P yields . It follows that when the
selling price is $55 per unit, the demand is 16,250 units.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation or conceptual errors.

Question ID be9cb6a2
ID: be9cb6a2
The cost of renting a backhoe for up to days is for the first day and for each additional day. Which of the
following equations gives the cost , in dollars, of renting the backhoe for days, where is a positive integer and
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: be9cb6a2 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that the cost of renting a backhoe for up to 10 days is $ 270 for the first day and $ 135 for
each additional day. Therefore, the cost 𝑦, in dollars, for 𝑥 days, where 𝑥 ≤ 10, is the sum of the cost for the first day,
$ 270, and the cost for the additional 𝑥 - 1 days, $ 135𝑥 - 1. It follows that 𝑦 = 270 + 135𝑥 - 1, which is equivalent to
𝑦 = 270 + 135𝑥 - 135, or 𝑦 = 135𝑥 + 135.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the cost of renting a backhoe is $ 135 for the first day
and $ 270 for each additional day.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID e62cfe5f
ID: e62cfe5f
According to a model, the head width, in millimeters, of a worker bumblebee can

be estimated by adding 0.6 to four times the body weight of the bee, in grams.
According to the model, what would be the head width, in millimeters, of a
worker bumblebee that has a body weight of 0.5 grams?
ID: e62cfe5f Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 2.6. According to the model, the head width, in millimeters, of a worker bumblebee can be
estimated by adding 0.6 to 4 times the body weight, in grams, of the bee. Let x represent the body weight, in grams, of a
worker bumblebee and let y represent the head width, in millimeters. Translating the verbal description of the model into
an equation yields . Substituting 0.5 grams for x in this equation yields , or .
Therefore, a worker bumblebee with a body weight of 0.5 grams has an estimated head width of 2.6 millimeters. Note
that 2.6 and 13/5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 45cfb9de

in one or two
variables
ID: 45cfb9de
Adam’s school is a 20-minute walk or a 5-minute bus ride away from his house.
The bus runs once every 30 minutes, and the number of minutes, w, that Adam
waits for the bus varies between 0 and 30. Which of the following inequalities
gives the values of w for which it would be faster for Adam to walk to school?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 45cfb9de Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It is given that w is the number of minutes that Adam waits for the bus. The total time it takes Adam
to get to school on a day he takes the bus is the sum of the minutes, w, he waits for the bus and the 5 minutes the bus
ride takes; thus, this time, in minutes, is w + 5. It is also given that the total amount of time it takes Adam to get to school
on a day that he walks is 20 minutes. Therefore, w + 5 > 20 gives the values of w for which it would be faster for Adam to
walk to school.
Choices A and B are incorrect because w – 5 is not the total length of time for Adam to wait for and then take the bus to
school. Choice C is incorrect because the inequality should be true when walking 20 minutes is faster than the time it
takes Adam to wait for and ride the bus, not less.

Question ID b1228811

in one or two
variables
ID: b1228811
Marisa needs to hire at least 10 staff members for an upcoming project. The
staff members will be made up of junior directors, who will be paid $640 per
week, and senior directors, who will be paid $880 per week. Her budget for
paying the staff members is no more than $9,700 per week. She must hire at
least 3 junior directors and at least 1 senior director. Which of the following
systems of inequalities represents the conditions described if x is the number of
junior directors and y is the number of senior directors?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b1228811 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Marisa will hire x junior directors and y senior directors. Since she needs to hire at least 10 staff
members, . Each junior director will be paid $640 per week, and each senior director will be paid $880 per
week. Marisa’s budget for paying the new staff is no more than $9,700 per week; in terms of x and y, this condition is
. Since Marisa must hire at least 3 junior directors and at least 1 senior director, it follows that
and . All four of these conditions are represented correctly in choice B.
Choices A and C are incorrect. For example, the first condition, , in each of these options implies
that Marisa can pay the new staff members more than her budget of $9,700. Choice D is incorrect because Marisa needs
to hire at least 10 staff members, not at most 10 staff members, as the inequality implies.

Question ID 71189542

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 71189542
A group of 202 people went on an overnight camping trip, taking 60 tents with
them. Some of the tents held 2 people each, and the rest held 4 people each.
Assuming all the tents were filled to capacity and every person got to sleep in a
tent, exactly how many of the tents were 2-person tents?
A. 30
B. 20
C. 19
D. 18
ID: 71189542 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Let x represent the number of 2-person tents and let y represent the number of 4-person tents. It is
given that the total number of tents was 60 and the total number of people in the group was 202. This situation can be
expressed as a system of two equations, and . The first equation can be rewritten as
. Substituting for y in the equation yields . Distributing and

combining like terms gives . Subtracting 240 from both sides of and then dividing
both sides by gives . Therefore, the number of 2-person tents is 19.
Alternate approach: If each of the 60 tents held 4 people, the total number of people that could be accommodated in
tents would be 240. However, the actual number of people who slept in tents was 202. The difference of 38 accounts for
the 2-person tents. Since each of these tents holds 2 people fewer than a 4-person tent, gives the number of 2-
person tents.
Choice A is incorrect. This choice may result from assuming exactly half of the tents hold 2 people. If that were true, then
the total number of people who slept in tents would be ; however, the total number of people who
slept in tents was 202, not 180. Choice B is incorrect. If 20 tents were 2-person tents, then the remaining 40 tents would
be 4-person tents. Since all the tents were filled to capacity, the total number of people who slept in tents would be
; however, the total number of people who slept in tents was 202, not 200. Choice D is
incorrect. If 18 tents were 2-person tents, then the remaining 42 tents would be 4-person tents. Since all the tents were
filled to capacity, the total number of people who slept in tents would be ; however, the
total number of people who slept in tents was 202, not 204.
Question ID 64c85440

in one or two
variables
ID: 64c85440
In North America, the standard width of a parking space is at least 7.5 feet and
no more than 9.0 feet. A restaurant owner recently resurfaced the restaurant’s
parking lot and wants to determine the number of parking spaces, n, in the
parking lot that could be placed perpendicular to a curb that is 135 feet long,
based on the standard width of a parking space. Which of the following
describes all the possible values of n ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 64c85440 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Placing the parking spaces with the minimum width of 7.5 feet gives the maximum possible number
of parking spaces. Thus, the maximum number that can be placed perpendicular to a 135-foot-long curb is .
Placing the parking spaces with the maximum width of 9 feet gives the minimum number of parking spaces. Thus, the
minimum number that can be placed perpendicular to a 135-foot-long curb is . Therefore, if n is the number of
parking spaces in the lot, the range of possible values for n is .
Choices A and C are incorrect. These choices equate the length of the curb with the maximum possible number of
parking spaces. Choice B is incorrect. This is the range of possible values for the width of a parking space instead of the
range of possible values for the number of parking spaces.

Question ID 7a5a74a6

one variable
ID: 7a5a74a6
If x is the solution to the equation above,

what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7a5a74a6 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Because 2 is a factor of both and 6, the expression can be rewritten as .
Substituting for on the left-hand side of the given equation yields , or

. Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . Adding 11
to both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields .
Alternate approach: Distributing 3 to the quantity on the left-hand side of the given equation and distributing 4 to
the quantity on the right-hand side yields , or . Subtracting from

both sides of this equation yields . Adding 29 to both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both
sides of this equation by 2 yields . Therefore, the value of is , or .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of x, not . Choices C and D are incorrect. If the value of is or
, it follows that the value of x is or , respectively. However, solving the given equation for x yields
. Therefore, the value of can’t be or .

Question ID b7e6394d

one variable
ID: b7e6394d
Alan drives an average of 100 miles each week. His car can travel an average of
25 miles per gallon of gasoline. Alan would like to reduce his weekly expenditure
on gasoline by $5. Assuming gasoline costs $4 per gallon, which equation can
Alan use to determine how many fewer average miles, m, he should drive each
week?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b7e6394d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since gasoline costs $4 per gallon, and since Alan’s car travels an average of 25 miles per gallon, the
expression gives the cost, in dollars per mile, to drive the car. Multiplying by m gives the cost for Alan to drive
m miles in his car. Alan wants to reduce his weekly spending by $5, so setting m equal to 5 gives the number of
miles, m, by which he must reduce his driving.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choices A and B transpose the numerator and the denominator in the fraction. The
fraction would result in the unit miles per dollar, but the question requires a unit of dollars per mile. Choices A and C
set the expression equal to 95 instead of 5, a mistake that may result from a misconception that Alan wants to reduce
his driving by 5 miles each week; instead, the question says he wants to reduce his weekly expenditure by $5.

Question ID 95cad55f

in one or two
variables
ID: 95cad55f
A laundry service is buying detergent and fabric softener from its supplier. The
supplier will deliver no more than 300 pounds in a shipment. Each container of
detergent weighs 7.35 pounds, and each container of fabric softener weighs
6.2 pounds. The service wants to buy at least twice as many containers of
detergent as containers of fabric softener. Let d represent the number of
containers of detergent, and let s represent the number of containers of fabric
softener, where d and s are nonnegative integers. Which of the following
systems of inequalities best represents this situation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 95cad55f Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The number of containers in a shipment must have a weight less than or equal to 300 pounds. The
total weight, in pounds, of detergent and fabric softener that the supplier delivers can be expressed as the weight of each
container multiplied by the number of each type of container, which is 7.35d for detergent and 6.2s for fabric softener.
Since this total cannot exceed 300 pounds, it follows that . Also, since the laundry service wants to
buy at least twice as many containers of detergent as containers of fabric softener, the number of containers of
detergent should be greater than or equal to two times the number of containers of fabric softener. This can be
expressed by the inequality .
Choice B is incorrect because it misrepresents the relationship between the numbers of each container that the laundry
service wants to buy. Choice C is incorrect because the first inequality of the system incorrectly doubles the weight per
container of detergent. The weight of each container of detergent is 7.35, not 14.7 pounds. Choice D is incorrect because
it doubles the weight per container of detergent and transposes the relationship between the numbers of containers.

Question ID 968e9e51

in one or two
variables
ID: 968e9e51
Which of the following ordered pairs is a solution to

the system of inequalities above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 968e9e51 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The solutions to the given system of inequalities is the set of all ordered pairs that satisfy both
inequalities in the system. For an ordered pair to satisfy the inequality , the value of the ordered pair’s y-coordinate
must be less than or equal to the value of the ordered pair’s x-coordinate. This is true of the ordered pair ,
because . To satisfy the inequality , the value of the ordered pair’s y-coordinate must be less than or equal
to the value of the additive inverse of the ordered pair’s x-coordinate. This is also true of the ordered pair .
Because 0 is its own additive inverse, is the same as . Therefore, the ordered pair is a
solution to the given system of inequalities.
Choice A is incorrect. This ordered pair satisfies only the inequality in the given system, not both inequalities.
Choice B incorrect. This ordered pair satisfies only the inequality in the system, but not both inequalities. Choice
C is incorrect. This ordered pair satisfies neither inequality.

Question ID aa85b138

one variable
ID: aa85b138
A tree had a height of 6 feet when it was planted. The equation above can be
used to find how many years n it took the tree to reach a height of 14 feet. Which
of the following is the best interpretation of the number 2 in this context?
A. The number of years it took the tree to double its height
B. The average number of feet that the tree grew per year
C. The height, in feet, of the tree when the tree was 1 year old
D. The average number of years it takes similar trees to grow 14 feet
ID: aa85b138 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The height of the tree at a given time is equal to its height when it was planted plus the number of
feet that the tree grew. In the given equation, 14 represents the height of the tree at the given time, and 6 represents the
height of the tree when it was planted. It follows that represents the number of feet the tree grew from the time it was
planted until the time it reached a height of 14 feet. Since n represents the number of years between the given time and
the time the tree was planted, 2 must represent the average number of feet the tree grew each year.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from interpreting the coefficient 2 as doubling instead of as increasing by 2 each
year. Choice C is incorrect. The height of the tree when it was 1 year old was feet, not 2 feet. Choice D is
incorrect. No information is given to connect the growth of one particular tree to the growth of similar trees.

Question ID 15daa8d6

one variable
ID: 15daa8d6
In the given equation, is a constant. If the equation has infinitely many solutions, what is the value of ?
ID: 15daa8d6 Answer

Correct Answer: 2
Rationale
The correct answer is 2. An equation with one variable, 𝑥, has infinitely many solutions only when both sides of the
equation are equal for any defined value of 𝑥. It's given that 2𝑥 + 16 = 𝑎𝑥 + 8, where 𝑎 is a constant. This equation can be
rewritten as 2𝑥 + 8 = 𝑎𝑥 + 8. If this equation has infinitely many solutions, then both sides of this equation are equal for
any defined value of 𝑥. Both sides of this equation are equal for any defined value of 𝑥 when 2 = 𝑎. Therefore, if the
equation has infinitely many solutions, the value of 𝑎 is 2.
Alternate approach: If the given equation, 2𝑥 + 16 = 𝑎𝑥 + 8, has infinitely many solutions, then both sides of this equation
are equal for any value of 𝑥. If 𝑥 = 0, then substituting 0 for 𝑥 in 2𝑥 + 16 = 𝑎𝑥 + 8 yields 20 + 16 = 𝑎0 + 8, or 16 = 8𝑎.
Dividing both sides of this equation by 8 yields 2 = 𝑎.

Question ID 12ee1edc

one variable
ID: 12ee1edc
In the given equation, b is a constant. If the equation has no

solution, what is the value of b ?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 10
ID: 12ee1edc Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. This equation has no solution when there is no value of x that produces a true statement. Solving the
given equation for x by dividing both sides by gives . When , the right-hand side of this
equation will be undefined, and the equation will have no solution. Therefore, when , there is no value of x that
satisfies the given equation.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Substituting 4, 6, and 10 for b in the given equation yields exactly one solution, rather
than no solution, for x. For example, substituting 4 for b in the given equation yields , or . Dividing both
sides of by 2 yields . Similarly, if or , and , respectively.

Question ID ee2f611f

in one or two
variables
ID: ee2f611f
A local transit company sells a monthly pass for $95 that allows an unlimited
number of trips of any length. Tickets for individual trips cost $1.50, $2.50, or
$3.50, depending on the length of the trip. What is the minimum number of trips
per month for which a monthly pass could cost less than purchasing individual
tickets for trips?
ID: ee2f611f Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 28. The minimum number of individual trips for which the cost of the monthly pass is less than the
cost of individual tickets can be found by assuming the maximum cost of the individual tickets, $3.50. If n tickets costing
$3.50 each are purchased in one month, the inequality 95 < 3.50n represents this situation. Dividing both sides of the
inequality by 3.50 yields 27.14 < n, which is equivalent to n > 27.14. Since only a whole number of tickets can be
purchased, it follows that 28 is the minimum number of trips.

Question ID fdee0fbf

two variables
ID: fdee0fbf
In the xy-plane, line k intersects the y-axis at the point and passes
through the point . If the point lies on line k, what is the value of w
?
ID: fdee0fbf Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 74. The y-intercept of a line in the xy-plane is the ordered pair of the point of intersection of
the line with the y-axis. Since line k intersects the y-axis at the point , it follows that is the y-intercept of
this line. An equation of any line in the xy-plane can be written in the form , where m is the slope of the line
and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. Therefore, the equation of line k can be written as , or
. The value of m can be found by substituting the x- and y-coordinates from a point on the line, such as ,
for x and y, respectively. This results in . Solving this equation for m gives . Therefore, an equation of
line k is . The value of w can be found by substituting the x-coordinate, 20, for x in the equation of line k and
solving this equation for y. This gives , or . Since w is the y-coordinate of this point, .

Question ID 620fe971
ID: 620fe971
A team of workers has been moving cargo off of a ship. The equation below models the approximate number of tons
of cargo, y, that remains to be moved x hours after the team started working.
The graph of this equation in the xy-plane is a line. What is the best
interpretation of the x-intercept in this context?
A. The team will have moved all the cargo in about 4.8 hours.
B. The team has been moving about 4.8 tons of cargo per hour.
C. The team has been moving about 25 tons of cargo per hour.
D. The team started with 120 tons of cargo to move.
ID: 620fe971 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The x-intercept of the line with equation y = 120 – 25x can be found by substituting 0 for y and
finding the value of x. When y = 0, x = 4.8, so the x-intercept is at (4.8, 0). Since y represents the number of tons of cargo
remaining to be moved x hours after the team started working, it follows that the x-intercept refers to the team having no
cargo remaining to be moved after 4.8 hours. In other words, the team will have moved all of the cargo after about 4.8
hours.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from incorrectly interpreting the value 4.8. Choices C and D are incorrect and may
result from misunderstanding the x-intercept. These statements are accurate but not directly relevant to the x-intercept.

Question ID 6e6a3241

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 6e6a3241
Which of the following graphs in the xy-plane could be used to

solve the system of equations above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6e6a3241 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The graph of a system of equations is the graph that shows the lines represented by each of the
equations in the system. The x-intercept of the graph of each given equation can be found by substituting 0 for y in each
equation: , or , and , or . The y-intercept of the graph of each equation can be
found by substituting 0 for x in each equation: , or , and or . Using these x- and y-
intercept values, the line that has equation passes through the points and , and the line that has
equation passes through the points and . Only the lines in choice C pass through these points
and can be used to solve the given system of equations.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. In choices A and B, neither line passes through and or and . In
choice D, although one line passes through and the other line doesn’t pass through and .

Question ID e6cb2402

one variable
ID: e6cb2402
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has no solution. What is the value of ?
ID: e6cb2402 Answer

Correct Answer: .9411, .9412, 16/17
Rationale
16 48
The correct answer is . It's given that the equation 3𝑘𝑥 + 13 = 𝑥 + 36 has no solution. A linear equation in the form
17 17
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, and 𝑑 are constants, has no solution only when the coefficients of 𝑥 on each side of the
equation are equal and the constant terms aren't equal. Dividing both sides of the given equation by 3 yields
48 36 16
𝑘𝑥 + 13 = 𝑥 + , or 𝑘𝑥 + 13 = 𝑥 + 12. Since the coefficients of 𝑥 on each side of the equation must be equal, it follows
51 3 17
16
that the value of 𝑘 is . Note that 16/17, .9411, .9412, and 0.941 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
17

Question ID 5cf1bbc9
ID: 5cf1bbc9
The graph of the function , where , gives the total cost , in dollars, for a certain video game system and
games. What is the best interpretation of the slope of the graph in this context?
A. Each game costs .
B. The video game system costs .
C. The video game system costs .
D. Each game costs .
ID: 5cf1bbc9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given graph is a line, and the slope of a line is defined as the change in the value of 𝑦 for each
increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1. It’s given that 𝑦 represents the total cost, in dollars, and that 𝑥 represents the number of
games. Therefore, the change in the value of 𝑦 for each increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1 represents the change in total cost,
in dollars, for each increase in the number of games by 1. In other words, the slope represents the cost, in dollars, per
game. The graph shows that when the value of 𝑥 increases from 0 to 1, the value of 𝑦 increases from 100 to 125. It follows
that the slope is 25, or the cost per game is $ 25. Thus, the best interpretation of the slope of the graph is that each game
costs $ 25.
Choice B is incorrect. This is an interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph rather than the slope of the graph.
Choice C is incorrect. The slope of the graph is the cost per game, not the cost of the video game system.
Choice D is incorrect. Each game costs $ 25, not $ 100.

Question ID 9c7741c6

two variables
ID: 9c7741c6
On a 210-mile trip, Cameron drove at an average speed of 60 miles per hour for
the first x hours. He then completed the trip, driving at an average speed of 50
miles per hour for the remaining y hours. If , what is the value of y ?
ID: 9c7741c6 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 3. It’s given that Cameron drove 60 miles per hour for x hours; therefore, the distance driven at this
speed can be represented by . He then drove 50 miles per hour for y hours; therefore, the distance driven at this
speed can be represented by . Since Cameron drove 210 total miles, the equation represents this
situation. If , substitution yields , or . Subtracting 60 from both sides of this
equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 50 yields .

Question ID b988eeec
ID: b988eeec
The functions and are defined as and . If the function is defined as

, what is the x-coordinate of the x-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane?
ID: b988eeec Answer

Correct Answer: -12
Rationale
1 3
The correct answer is -12. It's given that the functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are defined as 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 9 and 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 + 21. If the function
4 4
1 3 1 3
ℎ is defined as ℎ𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 𝑔𝑥, then substituting 𝑥 - 9 for 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑥 + 21 for 𝑔𝑥 in this function yields ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥 - 9 + 𝑥 + 21.
4 4 4 4
4
This can be rewritten as ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥 + 12, or ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥 + 12. The x-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point on the graph
4
where 𝑦 = 0. The equation representing the graph of 𝑦 = ℎ𝑥 is 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 12. Substituting 0 for 𝑦 in this equation yields
0 = 𝑥 + 12. Subtracting 12 from both sides of this equation yields -12 = 𝑥, or 𝑥 = - 12. Therefore, the x-coordinate of the x-
intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = ℎ𝑥 in the xy-plane is -12.

Question ID 70feb725

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 70feb725
During a month, Morgan ran r miles at 5 miles per hour and biked b miles at
10 miles per hour. She ran and biked a total of 200 miles that month, and she
biked for twice as many hours as she ran. What is the total number of miles that
Morgan biked during the month?
A. 80
B. 100
C. 120
D. 160
ID: 70feb725 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The number of hours Morgan spent running or biking can be calculated by dividing the distance she
traveled during that activity by her speed, in miles per hour, for that activity. So the number of hours she ran can be
represented by the expression , and the number of hours she biked can be represented by the expression . It’s
given that she biked for twice as many hours as she ran, so this can be represented by the equation , which
can be rewritten as . It’s also given that she ran r miles and biked b miles, and that she ran and biked a total of 200
miles. This can be represented by the equation . Substituting for b in this equation yields , or
. Solving for r yields . Determining the number of miles she biked, b, can be found by substituting 40 for r
in , which yields . Solving for b yields .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they don’t satisfy that Morgan biked for twice as many hours as she ran. In
choice A, if she biked 80 miles, then she ran 120 miles, which means she biked for 8 hours and ran for 24 hours. In choice
B, if she biked 100 miles, then she ran 100 miles, which means she biked for 10 hours and ran for 20 hours. In choice C, if
she biked 120 miles, then she ran for 80 miles, which means she biked for 12 hours and ran for 16 hours.

Question ID ed92fb68

linear equations in
two variables
ID: ed92fb68
If the system of equations above has solution ,

A. 0
B. 9
C. 18
D. 38
ID: ed92fb68 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Adding the given equations yields 9x + 9y = 162. Dividing each side of the equation 9x + 9y = 162 by
9 gives x + y = 18.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from incorrectly adding the equations. Choice B is incorrect and may result from
conceptual or computational errors. Choice D is incorrect. This value is equivalent to y – x.

Question ID 1a621af4

in one or two
variables
ID: 1a621af4
A number is at most less than times the value of . If the value of is , what is the greatest possible value of ?
ID: 1a621af4 Answer

Correct Answer: -14
Rationale
The correct answer is -14. It's given that a number 𝑥 is at most 2 less than 3 times the value of 𝑦. Therefore, 𝑥 is less than
or equal to 2 less than 3 times the value of 𝑦. The expression 3𝑦 represents 3 times the value of 𝑦. The expression 3𝑦 - 2
represents 2 less than 3 times the value of 𝑦. Therefore, 𝑥 is less than or equal to 3𝑦 - 2. This can be shown by the
inequality 𝑥 ≤ 3𝑦 - 2. Substituting -4 for 𝑦 in this inequality yields 𝑥 ≤ 3-4 - 2 or, 𝑥 ≤ - 14. Therefore, if the value of 𝑦 is -4,
the greatest possible value of 𝑥 is -14.

Question ID af2ba762
ID: af2ba762
According to data provided by the US Department of Energy, the average price per gallon of regular gasoline in the
United States from September 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014, is modeled by the function F defined below, where
is the average price per gallon x months after September 1.
The constant 2.74 in this function estimates which of the following?
A. The average monthly decrease in the price per gallon
B. The difference in the average price per gallon from September 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014
C. The average price per gallon on September 1, 2014
D. The average price per gallon on December 1, 2014
ID: af2ba762 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since 2.74 is a constant term, it represents an actual price of gas rather than a measure of change in
gas price. To determine what gas price it represents, find x such that F(x) = 2.74, or 2.74 = 2.74 – 0.19(x – 3). Subtracting
2.74 from both sides gives 0 = –0.19(x – 3). Dividing both sides by –0.19 results in 0 = x – 3, or x = 3. Therefore, the
average price of gas is $2.74 per gallon 3 months after September 1, 2014, which is December 1, 2014.
Choice A is incorrect. Since 2.74 is a constant, not a multiple of x, it cannot represent a rate of change in price. Choice B
is incorrect. The difference in the average price from September 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014, is F(3) – F(0) = 2.74 –
0.19(3 – 3) – (2.74 – 0.19(0 – 3)) = 2.74 – (2.74 + 0.57) = –0.57, which is not 2.74. Choice C is incorrect. The average
price per gallon on September 1, 2014, is F(0) = 2.74 – 0.19(0 – 3) = 2.74 + 0.57 = 3.31, which is not 2.74.

Question ID 19fdf387

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 19fdf387
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects the graph of at

the point . What is the value of a ?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 12
ID: 19fdf387 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Since the graph of intersects the graph of at the point , the ordered pair
is the solution to the system of linear equations consisting of and , and the value of a is the
value of x in the solution of this system. Since both and are equal to y, it follows that .
Subtracting x from and adding 6 to both sides of the equation yields . Therefore, the value of a is 9.
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from a calculation or conceptual error in solving the system of equations
consisting of and . Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of b, not a.

Question ID e1248a5c

linear equations in
two variables
ID: e1248a5c
In the system of equations below, a and c are constants.

If the system of equations has an infinite number of solutions , what is the
value of a ?
A.
B. 0
C.
D.
ID: e1248a5c Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. A system of two linear equations has infinitely many solutions if one equation is equivalent to the
other. This means that when the two equations are written in the same form, each coefficient or constant in one equation
is equal to the corresponding coefficient or constant in the other equation multiplied by the same number. The equations
in the given system of equations are written in the same form, with x and y on the left-hand side and a constant on the
right-hand side of the equation. The coefficient of y in the second equation is equal to the coefficient of y in the first
equation multiplied by 3. Therefore, a, the coefficient of x in the second equation, must be equal to 3 times the coefficient
of x in the first equation: , or .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. When , , or , the given system of equations has one solution.

Question ID dae126d7
ID: dae126d7
The boiling point of water at sea level is 212 degrees Fahrenheit . For every
550 feet above sea level, the boiling point of water is lowered by about .
Which of the following equations can be used to find the boiling point B of water,
in , x feet above sea level?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: dae126d7 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the boiling point of water at sea level is 212°F and that for every 550 feet above sea
level, the boiling point of water is lowered by about 1°F. Therefore, the change in the boiling point of water x feet above
sea level is represented by the expression . Adding this expression to the boiling point of water at sea level gives
the equation for the boiling point B of water, in °F, x feet above sea level: , or .
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from using the boiling point of water at sea level as the rate of change and
the rate of change as the initial boiling point of water at sea level. Choice C is incorrect and may result from representing
the change in the boiling point of water as an increase rather than a decrease.

Question ID bf5f80c6

in one or two
variables
ID: bf5f80c6
Which point ( , ) is a solution to the given inequality in the -plane?
A. ( , )
B. ( , )
C. ( , )
D. ( , )
ID: bf5f80c6 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice D is correct. For a point 𝑥, 𝑦 to be a solution to the given inequality in the xy-plane, the value of the point’s y-
coordinate must be less than the value of -4𝑥 + 4, where 𝑥 is the value of the x-coordinate of the point. This is true of the
point -4, 0 because 0 < - 4-4 + 4, or 0 < 20. Therefore, the point -4, 0 is a solution to the given inequality.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. None of these points are a solution to the given inequality because each point’s y-
coordinate is greater than the value of -4𝑥 + 4 for the point’s x-coordinate.

Question ID ae2287e2

one variable
ID: ae2287e2
A certain product costs a company $65 to make. The product is sold by a

salesperson who earns a commission that is equal to 20% of the sales price of
the product. The profit the company makes for each unit is equal to the sales
price minus the combined cost of making the product and the commission. If
the sales price of the product is $100, which of the following equations gives the
number of units, u, of the product the company sold to make a profit of $6,840 ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ae2287e2 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The sales price of one unit of the product is given as $100. Because the salesperson is awarded a
commission equal to 20% of the sales price, the expression 100(1 – 0.2) gives the sales price of one unit after the
commission is deducted. It is also given that the profit is equal to the sales price minus the combined cost of making the
product, or $65, and the commission: 100(1 – 0.2) – 65. Multiplying this expression by u gives the profit of u units: (100(1
– 0.2) – 65)u. Finally, it is given that the profit for u units is $6,840; therefore (100(1 – 0.2) – 65)u = $6,840.
Choice B is incorrect. In this equation, cost is subtracted before commission and the equation gives the commission, not
what the company retains after commission. Choice C is incorrect because the number of units is multiplied only by the
cost but not by the sale price. Choice D is incorrect because the value 0.2 shows the commission, not what the company
retains after commission.

Question ID 52cb8ea4

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 52cb8ea4
If is the solution to the system of equations above,

A.
B.
C. 5
D. 13
ID: 52cb8ea4 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Subtracting the second equation, , from the first equation, , results in
, or . Combining like terms on the left-hand side of this equation
yields .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from miscalculating as . Choice C is incorrect and may result from
miscalculating as 5. Choice D is incorrect and may result from adding 9 to 4 instead of subtracting 9 from 4.

Question ID 80da233d

in one or two
variables
ID: 80da233d
A certain elephant weighs 200 pounds at birth and gains more than 2 but less
than 3 pounds per day during its first year. Which of the following inequalities
represents all possible weights w, in pounds, for the elephant 365 days after
birth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 80da233d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the elephant weighs 200 pounds at birth and gains more than 2 pounds but less than 3
pounds per day during its first year. The inequality represents this situation, where d is the
number of days after birth. Substituting 365 for d in the inequality gives , or
.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from solving the inequality . Choice B is incorrect and may
result from solving the inequality for a weight range of more than 1 pound but less than 2 pounds:
. Choice C is incorrect and may result from calculating the possible weight gained by
the elephant during the first year without adding the 200 pounds the elephant weighed at birth.

Question ID 271f7e3f
ID: 271f7e3f
For the function f defined above, what is the

value of ?
A. 1
B. 2
C.
D.
ID: 271f7e3f Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The value of can be calculated by finding the values of and . The value of
can be found by substituting 9 for x in the given function: . This equation can be rewritten as ,
or 4. Then, the value of can be found by substituting 1 for x in the given function: . This equation
can be rewritten as , or 2. Therefore, , which is equivalent to 2.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly substituting values of x in the given function or making
computational errors.

Question ID 70e29454

one variable
ID: 70e29454
In the equation above, a and b are constants. If the equation has infinitely many
solutions, what are the values of a and b ?
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
ID: 70e29454 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Distributing the a on the left-hand side of the equation gives 3a – b – ax = –1 – 2x. Rearranging the
terms in each side of the equation yields –ax + 3a – b = –2x –1. Since the equation has infinitely many solutions, it
follows that the coefficients of x and the free terms on both sides must be equal. That is, –a = –2, or a = 2, and 3a – b =
–1. Substituting 2 for a in the equation 3a – b = –1 gives 3(2) – b = –1, so b = 7.
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of a conceptual error when finding the value of b. Choices C and D are
incorrect and may result from making a sign error when simplifying.

Question ID 0b46bad5

two variables
ID: 0b46bad5
In the equation above, a and b are constants and . Which of the

following could represent the graph of the equation in the xy-plane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0b46bad5 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The given equation can be rewritten in slope-intercept form, , where m
represents the slope of the line represented by the equation, and k represents the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the
line. Subtracting ax from both sides of the equation yields , and dividing both sides of this equation by b
yields , or . With the equation now in slope-intercept form, it shows that , which
means the y-coordinate of the y-intercept is 1. It’s given that a and b are both greater than 0 (positive) and that .
Since , the slope of the line must be a value between and 0. Choice C is the only graph of a line that has a
y-value of the y-intercept that is 1 and a slope that is between and 0.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the slopes of the lines in these graphs aren’t between and 0.
Question ID b31c3117

in one or two
variables
ID: b31c3117
The Karvonen formula above shows the relationship between Alice’s target heart
rate H, in beats per minute (bpm), and the intensity level p of different activities.
When , Alice has a resting heart rate. When , Alice has her maximum
heart rate. It is recommended that p be between 0.5 and 0.85 for Alice when she
trains. Which of the following inequalities describes Alice’s target training heart
rate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b31c3117 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. When Alice trains, it’s recommended that p be between 0.5 and 0.85. Therefore, her target training
heart rate is represented by the values of H corresponding to . When , , or
. When , , or . Therefore, the inequality that describes Alice’s target
training heart rate is .
Choice B is incorrect. This inequality describes Alice’s target heart rate for . Choice C is incorrect. This
inequality describes her target heart rate for . Choice D is incorrect. This inequality describes her target
heart rate for .

Question ID f09097b1

one variable
ID: f09097b1
An agricultural scientist studying the growth of corn plants recorded the height
of a corn plant at the beginning of a study and the height of the plant each day
for the next 12 days. The scientist found that the height of the plant increased by
an average of 1.20 centimeters per day for the 12 days. If the height of the plant
on the last day of the study was 36.8 centimeters, what was the height, in
centimeters, of the corn plant at the beginning of the study?
ID: f09097b1 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 22.4. If the height of the plant increased by an average of 1.20 centimeters per day for 12 days,
then its total growth over the 12 days was centimeters. The plant was 36.8 centimeters tall after 12
days, so at the beginning of the study its height was centimeters. Note that 22.4 and 112/5 are
Alternate approach: The equation can be used to represent this situation, where h is the height of
the plant, in centimeters, at the beginning of the study. Solving this equation for h yields 22.4 centimeters.

Question ID c362c210

two variables
ID: c362c210
The points plotted in the coordinate plane above represent the possible numbers
of wallflowers and cornflowers that someone can buy at the Garden Store in
order to spend exactly $24.00 total on the two types of flowers. The price of
each wallflower is the same and the price of each cornflower is the same. What
is the price, in dollars, of 1 cornflower?
ID: c362c210 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 1.5. The point corresponds to the situation where 16 cornflowers and 0 wallflowers are
purchased. Since the total spent on the two types of flowers is $24.00, it follows that the price of 16 cornflowers is
$24.00, and the price of one cornflower is $1.50. Note that 1.5 and 3/2 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 1035faea

in one or two
variables
ID: 1035faea
A psychologist set up an experiment to study the tendency of a person to select

the first item when presented with a series of items. In the experiment,
300 people were presented with a set of five pictures arranged in random order.
Each person was asked to choose the most appealing picture. Of the first
150 participants, 36 chose the first picture in the set. Among the remaining
150 participants, p people chose the first picture in the set. If more than 20% of
all participants chose the first picture in the set, which of the following
inequalities best describes the possible values of p ?
A. , where
B. , where
C. , where
D. , where
ID: 1035faea Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Of the first 150 participants, 36 chose the first picture in the set, and of the 150 remaining
participants, p chose the first picture in the set. Hence, the proportion of the participants who chose the first picture in
the set is . Since more than 20% of all the participants chose the first picture, it follows that .
This inequality can be rewritten as . Since p is a number of people among the remaining 150
participants, .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may be the result of some incorrect interpretations of the given information or of
computational errors.

Question ID c5082ce3

linear equations in
two variables
ID: c5082ce3
The score on a trivia game is obtained by subtracting the number of incorrect

answers from twice the number of correct answers. If a player answered
40 questions and obtained a score of 50, how many questions did the player
answer correctly?
ID: c5082ce3 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 30. Let x represent the number of correct answers from the player and y represent the number of
incorrect answers from the player. Since the player answered 40 questions in total, the equation represents
this situation. Also, since the score is found by subtracting the number of incorrect answers from twice the number of
correct answers and the player received a score of 50, the equation represents this situation. Adding the
equations in the system of two equations together yields . This can be rewritten as .
Finally, solving for x by dividing both sides of the equation by 3 yields .

Question ID 16889ef3
ID: 16889ef3
Oil and gas production in a certain area dropped from 4 million barrels in 2000 to
1.9 million barrels in 2013. Assuming that the oil and gas production decreased
at a constant rate, which of the following linear functions f best models the
production, in millions of barrels, t years after the year 2000?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 16889ef3 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It is assumed that the oil and gas production decreased at a constant rate. Therefore, the function f
that best models the production t years after the year 2000 can be written as a linear function, , where m is
the rate of change of the oil and gas production and b is the oil and gas production, in millions of barrels, in the year
2000. Since there were 4 million barrels of oil and gas produced in 2000, . The rate of change, m, can be calculated
as , which is equivalent to , the rate of change in choice C.
Choices A and B are incorrect because each of these functions has a positive rate of change. Since the oil and gas
production decreased over time, the rate of change must be negative. Choice D is incorrect. This model may result from
misinterpreting 1.9 million barrels as the amount by which the production decreased.

Question ID c651cc56
ID: c651cc56
Some values of the linear function f are shown in the table

above. What is the value of ?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
ID: c651cc56 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A linear function has a constant rate of change, and any two rows of the table shown can be used to
calculate this rate. From the first row to the second, the value of x is increased by 2 and the value of is increased by
. So the values of increase by 3 for every increase by 1 in the value of x. Since , it follows that
. Therefore, .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the third x-value in the table, not . Choices C and D are incorrect and may result from
errors when calculating the function’s rate of change.

Question ID c22b5f25
ID: c22b5f25
In the xy-plane, the points and lie on the graph of

which of the following linear functions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c22b5f25 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. A linear function can be written in the form , where m is the slope and b is the y-
coordinate of the y-intercept of the line. The slope of the graph can be found using the formula .
Substituting the values of the given points into this formula yields or , which simplifies to
. Only choice C shows an equation with this slope.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from computation errors or misinterpreting the given information.

Question ID d7bf55e1

linear equations in
two variables
ID: d7bf55e1
A movie theater sells two types of tickets, adult tickets for $12 and child tickets
for $8. If the theater sold 30 tickets for a total of $300, how much, in dollars, was
spent on adult tickets? (Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer.)
ID: d7bf55e1 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 180. Let a be the number of adult tickets sold and c be the number of child tickets sold. Since the
theater sold a total of 30 tickets, a + c = 30. The price per adult ticket is $12, and the price per child ticket is $8. Since the
theater received a total of $300 for the 30 tickets sold, it follows that 12a + 8c = 300. To eliminate c, the first equation can
be multiplied by 8 and then subtracted from the second equation:
Because the question asks for the amount spent on adult tickets, which is 12a dollars, the resulting equation can be
multiplied by 3 to give 3(4a) = 3(60) = 180. Therefore, $180 was spent on adult tickets.
Alternate approach: If all the 30 tickets sold were child tickets, their total price would be 30($8) = $240. Since the actual
total price of the 30 tickets was $300, the extra $60 indicates that a certain number of adult tickets, a, were sold. Since
the price of each adult ticket is $4 more than each child ticket, 4a = 60, and it follows that 12a = 180.

Question ID 11e1ab81
ID: 11e1ab81
The graph above shows the distance traveled d, in feet, by a product on a

conveyor belt m minutes after the product is placed on the belt. Which of the
following equations correctly relates d and m ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 11e1ab81 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The line passes through the origin. Therefore, this is a relationship of the form , where k is a
constant representing the slope of the graph. To find the value of k, choose a point on the graph of the line other
than the origin and substitute the values of m and d into the equation. For example, if the point is chosen, then
, and . Therefore, the equation of the line is .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from calculating the slope of the line as the change in time over the change in
distance traveled instead of the change in distance traveled over the change in time. Choices C and D are incorrect
because each of these equations represents a line with a d-intercept of 2. However, the graph shows a line with a d-
intercept of 0.

Question ID 771bd0ca

one variable
ID: 771bd0ca
What value of is the solution to the given equation?
ID: 771bd0ca Answer

Correct Answer: -22
Rationale
The correct answer is -22. The given equation can be rewritten as -2𝑡 + 3 = 38. Dividing both sides of this equation by -2
yields 𝑡 + 3 = - 19. Subtracting 3 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑡 = - 22. Therefore, -22 is the value of 𝑡 that is the
solution to the given equation.

Question ID 4fe4fd7c
ID: 4fe4fd7c
A company’s total cost , in dollars, to produce x shirts is given by the

function above, where m is a constant and . The total cost to produce 100
shirts is $800. What is the total cost, in dollars, to produce 1000 shirts?
(Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer.)
ID: 4fe4fd7c Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 3500. The given information includes a cost, $800, to produce 100 shirts. Substituting
and into the given equation yields . Subtracting 500 from both sides of the equation yields
. Dividing both sides of this equation by 100 yields . Substituting the value of m into the given
equation yields . Substituting 1000 for x in this equation and solving for gives the cost of 1000
shirts: , or 3500.

Question ID d62ad380

two variables
ID: d62ad380
An artist paints and sells square tiles. The selling price P, in dollars, of a painted tile is a linear function of the side
length of the tile s, in inches, as shown in the table below.
Side length, s (inches) Price, P (dollars)
3 8.00
6 18.00
9 28.00
Which of the following could define the relationship between s and P ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d62ad380 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The relationship between s and P can be modeled by a linear equation of the form P = ks + a, where k
and a are constants. The table shows that P increases by 10 when s increases by 3, so k = . To solve for a, substitute
one of the given pairs of values for s and P: when s = 3, P = 8, so , which yields a = –2. The solution is
therefore .
Choice A is incorrect. When s = 3, P = 8, but 3(3) + 10 = 19 ≠︀8. Choice B is incorrect. This may result from using the first
number given for P in the table as the constant term a in the linear equation P = ks + a, which is true only when s =
0. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using the reciprocal of the slope of the line.


one variable
ID: 90095507
Townsend Realty Group Investments

Property Purchase price Monthly rental
address (dollars) price (dollars)
Clearwater
128,000 950
Lane
Driftwood
176,000 1,310
Drive
Edgemont
70,000 515
Street
Glenview
140,000 1,040
Street
Hamilton
450,000 3,365
Circle
The Townsend Realty Group invested in the five different properties listed in the
table above. The table shows the amount, in dollars, the company paid for each
property and the corresponding monthly rental price, in dollars, the company
charges for the property at each of the five locations. Townsend Realty
purchased the Glenview Street property and received a 40% discount off the
original price along with an additional 20% off the discounted price for
purchasing the property in cash. Which of the following best approximates the
original price, in dollars, of the Glenview Street property?
A. $350,000
B. $291,700
C. $233,300
D. $175,000
ID: 90095507 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Let x be the original price, in dollars, of the Glenview Street property. After the 40% discount, the price
of the property became dollars, and after the additional 20% off the discounted price, the price of the property
became . Thus, in terms of the original price of the property, x, the purchase price of the property is . It
follows that . Solving this equation for x gives . Therefore, of the given choices,
$291,700 best approximates the original price of the Glenview Street property.
Choice A is incorrect because it is the result of dividing the purchase price of the property by 0.4, as though the purchase
price were 40% of the original price. Choice C is incorrect because it is the closest to dividing the purchase price of the
property by 0.6, as though the purchase price were 60% of the original price. Choice D is incorrect because it is the result
of dividing the purchase price of the property by 0.8, as though the purchase price were 80% of the original price.

Question ID 98d3393a

two variables
ID: 98d3393a
Line in the xy-plane is perpendicular to the line with equation

. What is the slope of line ?
A. 0
B.
C.
D. The slope of line is undefined.
ID: 98d3393a Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It is given that line is perpendicular to a line whose equation is x = 2. A line whose equation is a
constant value of x is vertical, so must therefore be horizontal. Horizontal lines have a slope of 0, so has a slope of 0.
Choice B is incorrect. A line with slope is perpendicular to a line with slope 2. However, the line with equation x = 2
is vertical and has undefined slope (not slope of 2). Choice C is incorrect. A line with slope –2 is perpendicular to a line
with slope . However, the line with equation x = 2 has undefined slope (not slope of ). Choice D is incorrect; this is
the slope of the line x = 2 itself, not the slope of a line perpendicular to it.

Question ID 4f669597

one variable
ID: 4f669597
What value of p is the solution of

the equation above?
ID: 4f669597 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 1.2. One way to solve the equation is to first distribute the terms outside
the parentheses to the terms inside the parentheses: . Next, combine like terms on the left side of
the equal sign: . Subtracting 10p from both sides yields . Finally, dividing both sides by
gives , which is equivalent to . Note that 1.2 and 6/5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.


two variables
ID: 431c3038
In an article about exercise, it is estimated that a 160-pound adult uses 200

calories for every 30 minutes of hiking and 150 calories for every 30 minutes of
bicycling. An adult who weighs 160 pounds has completed 1 hour of bicycling.
Based on the article, how many hours should the adult hike to use a total of
1,900 calories from bicycling and hiking?
A. 9.5
B. 8.75
C. 6
D. 4
ID: 431c3038 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since a 160-pound adult uses 200 calories for every 30 minutes of hiking, then the same adult uses
calories after hiking for h 30-minute periods. Similarly, the same adult uses calories after bicycling for b 30-
minute periods. Therefore, the equation represents the situation where a 160-pound adult uses a
total of 1,900 calories from hiking for h 30-minute periods and bicycling for b 30-minute periods. It’s given that the adult
completes 1 hour, or 2 30-minute periods, of bicycling. Substituting 2 for b in the equation yields
, or . Subtracting 300 from both sides of this equation yields
. Dividing both sides by 200 yields . Since h represents the number of 30-minute periods spent
hiking and there are 2 30-minute periods in every hour, it follows that the adult will need to hike for , or 4 hours to use a
total of 1,900 calories from bicycling and hiking.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from solving the equation . This represents 0 30-minute periods
bicycling instead of 2. Choice B is incorrect and may result from solving the equation . This
represents 1 30-minute period of bicycling instead of 2. Choice C is incorrect. This may result from determining that the
number of 30-minute periods the adult should hike is 8, but then subtracting 2 from 8, rather than dividing 8 by 2, to find
the number of hours the adult should hike.

Question ID 868fc236
ID: 868fc236
The table above gives the typical amounts of energy per gram, expressed in both
food calories and kilojoules, of the three macronutrients in food. If x food
calories is equivalent to k kilojoules, of the following, which best represents the
relationship between x and k ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 868fc236 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The relationship between x food calories and k kilojoules can be modeled as a proportional
relationship. Let and represent the values in the first two rows in the table: and .
The rate of change, or , is ; therefore, the equation that best represents the relationship between x
and k is .
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of calculating the rate of change using . Choice C is incorrect
because the number of kilojoules is greater than the number of food calories. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result
of an error when setting up the equation.

Question ID e8f9e117

in one or two
variables
ID: e8f9e117
The formula above is Ohm’s law for an electric circuit with current I, in amperes,
potential difference V, in volts, and resistance R, in ohms. A circuit has a
resistance of 500 ohms, and its potential difference will be generated by n six-
volt batteries that produce a total potential difference of volts. If the circuit is
to have a current of no more than 0.25 ampere, what is the greatest number, n, of
six-volt batteries that can be used?
ID: e8f9e117 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 20. For the given circuit, the resistance R is 500 ohms, and the total potential difference V
generated by n batteries is volts. It’s also given that the circuit is to have a current of no more than 0.25 ampere,
which can be expressed as . Since Ohm’s law says that , the given values for V and R can be substituted
for I in this inequality, which yields . Multiplying both sides of this inequality by 500 yields , and
dividing both sides of this inequality by 6 yields . Since the number of batteries must be a whole number less
than 20.833, the greatest number of batteries that can be used in this circuit is 20.

Question ID ce314070

one variable
ID: ce314070
If , what is the
value of ?
A. 2
B.
C.
D.
ID: ce314070 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Multiplying the given equation by 2 on each side yields . Applying the
distributive property, this equation can be rewritten as , or .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from calculation errors in solving the given equation for and then
substituting that value of x in the expression .

Question ID f718c9cf

linear equations in
two variables
ID: f718c9cf
The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?
ID: f718c9cf Answer

Correct Answer: 1.8, 9/5
Rationale
9
The correct answer is . Multiplying the first equation in the given system by 2 yields 10𝑥 + 28𝑦 = 90. Subtracting the
5
second equation in the given system, 10𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 27, from 10𝑥 + 28𝑦 = 90 yields 10𝑥 + 28𝑦 - 10𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 90 - 27, which is
equivalent to 10𝑥 + 28𝑦 - 10𝑥 - 7𝑦 = 63, or 21𝑦 = 63. Dividing both sides of this equation by 21 yields 𝑦 = 3. The value of 𝑥
can be found by substituting 3 for 𝑦 in either of the two given equations. Substituting 3 for 𝑦 in the equation 10𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 27
yields 10𝑥 + 73 = 27, or 10𝑥 + 21 = 27. Subtracting 21 from both sides of this equation yields 10𝑥 = 6. Dividing both sides
6 3 3 9
of this equation by 10 yields 𝑥 = , or 𝑥 = . Therefore, the value of 𝑥𝑦 is 3, or . Note that 9/5 and 1.8 are examples of
10 5 5 5
ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 466b87e3

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 466b87e3
In the system of equations above, c is a constant. If the system has

no solution, what is the value of c ?
ID: 466b87e3 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . A system of two linear equations has no solution when the graphs of the equations have the
same slope and different y-intercepts. Each of the given linear equations is written in the slope-intercept form,
, where m is the slope and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of the equation. For these two
linear equations, the y-intercepts are and . Thus, if the system of equations has no solution, the slopes of
the graphs of the two linear equations must be the same. The slope of the graph of the first linear equation is .
Therefore, for the system of equations to have no solution, the value of c must be . Note that 1/2 and .5 are examples
of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID aee9fd2d

one variable
ID: aee9fd2d
If , the value of is between which of the following pairs of values?
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
ID: aee9fd2d Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
𝑥+6 𝑥+6
Choice B is correct. Multiplying both sides of the given equation by 313, or 39, yields 39 = 39 , or 13𝑥 + 6 = 3𝑥 + 6.
3 13
Subtracting 3𝑥 + 6 from both sides of this equation yields 10𝑥 + 6 = 0. Dividing both sides of this equation by 10 yields
𝑥+6 𝑥+6
𝑥 + 6 = 0. Therefore, if = , then the value of 𝑥 + 6 is 0. It follows that of the given choices, the value of 𝑥 + 6 is
3 13
between -2 and 2.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID 0366d965

two variables
ID: 0366d965
x y
3 7
k 11
12 n
The table above shows the coordinates of three points on a line in the xy-plane,
where k and n are constants. If the slope of the line is 2, what is the value of
?
ID: 0366d965 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 30. The slope of a line can be found by using the slope formula, . It’s given that the slope
of the line is 2; therefore, . According to the table, the points and lie on the line. Substituting the
coordinates of these points into the equation gives . Multiplying both sides of this equation by gives
, or . Solving for k gives . According to the table, the points and also
lie on the line. Substituting the coordinates of these points into gives . Solving for n gives
. Therefore, , or 30.

Question ID 963da34c

in one or two
variables
ID: 963da34c
A shipping service restricts the dimensions of the boxes it will ship for a certain
type of service. The restriction states that for boxes shaped like rectangular
prisms, the sum of the perimeter of the base of the box and the height of the box
cannot exceed 130 inches. The perimeter of the base is determined using the
width and length of the box. If a box has a height of 60 inches and its length is
2.5 times the width, which inequality shows the allowable width x, in inches, of
the box?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 963da34c Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. If x is the width, in inches, of the box, then the length of the box is 2.5x inches. It follows that the
perimeter of the base is , or 7x inches. The height of the box is given to be 60 inches. According to the
restriction, the sum of the perimeter of the base and the height of the box should not exceed 130 inches. Algebraically,
this can be represented by , or . Dividing both sides of the inequality by 7 gives . Since x
represents the width of the box, x must also be a positive number. Therefore, the inequality represents all the
allowable values of x that satisfy the given conditions.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors or misreading the given information.

Question ID 28c2253f

two variables
ID: 28c2253f
Characteristics for Rock Types

Weight per volume Cost per
Rock type
(lb/ft3) pound
Basalt 180 $0.18
Granite 165 $0.09
Limestone 120 $0.03
Sandstone 135 $0.22
A city is planning to build a rock retaining wall, a monument, and a garden in a

park. The table above shows four rock types that will be considered for use in
the project. Also shown for each rock type is its weight per volume, in pounds
per cubic foot (lb/ft3), and the cost per pound, in dollars. Only basalt, granite, and
limestone will be used in the garden. The rocks in the garden will have a total
weight of 1,000 pounds. If 330 pounds of granite is used, which of the following
equations could show the relationship between the amounts, x and y, in ft3, for
each of the other rock types used?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 28c2253f Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that the weight of the granite used in the garden is 330 pounds. The weight of the limestone
used in the garden is a product of its weight per volume, in lb/ft3, and its volume, in ft3. Therefore, the weight of the
limestone used in the garden can be represented by , where x is the volume, in ft3, of the limestone used. Similarly,
the weight of the basalt used in the garden can be represented by , where y is the volume, in ft3, of the basalt used.
It’s given that the total weight of the rocks used in the garden will be 1,000 pounds. Thus, the sum of the weights of the
three rock types used is 1,000 pounds, which can be represented by the equation .
Subtracting 330 from both sides of this equation yields .
Choice A is incorrect. This equation uses the weight per volume of granite instead of limestone. Choice B is incorrect.
This equation uses the weight per volume of granite instead of basalt, and doesn’t take into account the 330 pounds of
granite that will be used in the garden. Choice D is incorrect. This equation doesn’t take into account the 330 pounds of
granite that will be used in the garden.

Question ID 042aa429
ID: 042aa429
If and , what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 042aa429 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The value of 𝑓 ( 2 ) can be found by substituting 2 for 𝑥 in the given equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 7, which yields
𝑓2 = 2 + 7, or 𝑓2 = 9. The value of 𝑔2 can be found by substituting 2 for 𝑥 in the given equation 𝑔𝑥 = 7𝑥, which yields
𝑔2 = 72, or 𝑔2 = 14. The value of the expression 4𝑓2 - 𝑔2 can be found by substituting the corresponding values into the
expression, which gives 4 ( 9 ) − 14. This expression is equivalent to 36 - 14, or 22.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓2 - 𝑔2, not 4𝑓2 - 𝑔2.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from calculating 4𝑓2 as 4 ( 2 ) + 7, rather than
4(2 + 7).

Question ID e2e3942f

linear equations in
two variables
ID: e2e3942f
In the system of equations above, a is a constant. If the system of equations

has no solution, what is the value of a ?
A.
B. 0
C. 1
D. 2
ID: e2e3942f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. A system of two linear equations has no solution when the graphs of the equations have the same
slope and different y-coordinates of the y-intercepts. Each of the given equations is written in the slope-intercept form of
a linear equation, , where m is the slope and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of the
equation. For these two linear equations, the y-coordinates of the y-intercepts are different: and . Thus, if the
system of equations has no solution, the slopes of the two linear equations must be the same. The slope of the first
linear equation is 2. Therefore, for the system of equations to have no solution, the value of a must be 2.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual and computational errors.

Question ID 1e11190a

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 1e11190a
Store A sells raspberries for per pint and blackberries for per pint. Store B sells raspberries for per
pint and blackberries for per pint. A certain purchase of raspberries and blackberries would cost at Store A
or at Store B. How many pints of blackberries are in this purchase?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1e11190a Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that store A sells raspberries for $ 5 . 50 per pint and blackberries for $ 3 . 00 per pint, and a
certain purchase of raspberries and blackberries at store A would cost $ 37 . 00. It’s also given that store B sells
raspberries for $ 6 . 50 per pint and blackberries for $ 8 . 00 per pint, and this purchase of raspberries and blackberries at
store B would cost $ 66 . 00. Let 𝑟 represent the number of pints of raspberries and 𝑏 represent the number of pints of
blackberries in this purchase. The equation 5 . 50𝑟 + 3 . 00𝑏 = 37 . 00 represents this purchase of raspberries and
blackberries from store A and the equation 6 . 50𝑟 + 8 . 00𝑏 = 66 . 00 represents this purchase of raspberries and
blackberries from store B. Solving the system of equations by elimination gives the value of 𝑟 and the value of 𝑏 that
make the system of equations true. Multiplying both sides of the equation for store A by 6.5 yields
5 . 50𝑟6 . 5 + 3 . 00𝑏6 . 5 = 37 . 006 . 5, or 35 . 75𝑟 + 19 . 5𝑏 = 240 . 5. Multiplying both sides of the equation for store B by 5.5
yields 6 . 50𝑟5 . 5 + 8 . 00𝑏5 . 5 = 66 . 005 . 5, or 35 . 75𝑟 + 44𝑏 = 363. Subtracting both sides of the equation for store A,
35 . 75𝑟 + 19 . 5𝑏 = 240 . 5, from the corresponding sides of the equation for store B, 35 . 75𝑟 + 44𝑏 = 363, yields
35 . 75𝑟 - 35 . 75𝑟 + 44𝑏 - 19 . 5𝑏 = 363 - 240 . 5, or 24 . 5𝑏 = 122 . 5. Dividing both sides of this equationby 24.5 yields 𝑏 = 5.
Thus, 5 pints of blackberries are in
this purchase.
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choice D is incorrect. This is the
number of pints of raspberries, not blackberries, in the purchase.

Question ID 78391fcc
ID: 78391fcc
f(x) 21 18 15 12
The table above shows some values of x and their corresponding values
for the linear function f. What is the x-intercept of the graph of in the xy-
plane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 78391fcc Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The equation of a linear function can be written in the form , where , m is the
slope of the graph of , and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph. The value of m can be found
using the slope formula, . According to the table, the points and lie on the graph of
. Using these two points in the slope formula yields , or . Substituting for m in the slope-
intercept form of the equation yields . The value of b can be found by substituting values from the table and
solving; for example, substituting the coordinates of the point into the equation gives
, which yields . This means the function given by the table can be represented by the
equation . The value of the x-intercept of the graph of can be determined by finding the value of x
when . Substituting into yields , or . This corresponds to the point
.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from substituting the value of the slope for the x-coordinate of the x-intercept.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from a calculation error. Choice D is incorrect and may result from substituting the y-
coordinate of the y-intercept for the x-coordinate of the x-intercept.
Question ID b8e73b5b

in one or two
variables
ID: b8e73b5b
Ken is working this summer as part of a crew on a farm. He earned $8 per hour
for the first 10 hours he worked this week. Because of his performance, his crew
leader raised his salary to $10 per hour for the rest of the week. Ken saves 90%
of his earnings from each week. What is the least number of hours he must work
the rest of the week to save at least $270 for the week?
A. 38
B. 33
C. 22
D. 16
ID: b8e73b5b Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Ken earned $8 per hour for the first 10 hours he worked, so he earned a total of $80 for the first 10
hours he worked. For the rest of the week, Ken was paid at the rate of $10 per hour. Let x be the number of hours he will
work for the rest of the week. The total of Ken’s earnings, in dollars, for the week will be . He saves 90% of his
earnings each week, so this week he will save dollars. The inequality represents the
condition that he will save at least $270 for the week. Factoring 10 out of the expression gives . The
product of 10 and 0.9 is 9, so the inequality can be rewritten as . Dividing both sides of this inequality by 9
yields , so . Therefore, the least number of hours Ken must work the rest of the week to save at least
$270 for the week is 22.
Choices A and B are incorrect because Ken can save $270 by working fewer hours than 38 or 33 for the rest of the week.
Choice D is incorrect. If Ken worked 16 hours for the rest of the week, his total earnings for the week will be
, which is less than $270. Since he saves only 90% of his earnings each week, he would save even
less than $240 for the week.

Question ID 830120b0

in one or two
variables
ID: 830120b0
Which of the following consists of the y-coordinates of all the points that
satisfy the system of inequalities above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 830120b0 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Subtracting the same number from each side of an inequality gives an equivalent inequality. Hence,
subtracting 1 from each side of the inequality gives . So the given system of inequalities is equivalent
to the system of inequalities and , which can be rewritten as . Using the transitive
property of inequalities, it follows that .
Choice A is incorrect because there are points with a y-coordinate less than 6 that satisfy the given system of
inequalities. For example, satisfies both inequalities. Choice C is incorrect. This may result from solving the
inequality for x, then replacing x with y. Choice D is incorrect because this inequality allows y-values that are not
the y-coordinate of any point that satisfies both inequalities. For example, is contained in the set ; however,
if 2 is substituted into the first inequality for y, the result is . This cannot be true because the second inequality
gives .

Question ID c4ea43ef

two variables
ID: c4ea43ef
To earn money for college, Avery works two part-time jobs: A and B. She earns
$10 per hour working at job A and $20 per hour working at job B. In one week,
Avery earned a total of s dollars for working at the two part-time jobs. The graph
above represents all possible combinations of numbers of hours Avery could
have worked at the two jobs to earn s dollars. What is the value of s ?
A. 128
B. 160
C. 200
D. 320
ID: c4ea43ef Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Avery earns $10 per hour working at job A. Therefore, if she works a hours at job A, she will earn
dollars. Avery earns $20 per hour working at job B. Therefore, if she works b hours at job B, she will earn dollars. The
graph shown represents all possible combinations of the number of hours Avery could have worked at the two jobs to
earn s dollars. Therefore, if she worked a hours at job A, worked b hours at job B, and earned s dollars from both jobs, the
following equation represents the graph: , where s is a constant. Identifying any point from the
graph and substituting the values of the coordinates for a and b, respectively, in this equation yield the value of s. For
example, the point , where and , lies on the graph. Substituting 16 for a and 0 for b in the equation
yields , or . Similarly, the point , where and , lies on the
graph. Substituting 0 for a and 8 for b in the equation yields , or .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. If the value of s is 128, 200, or 320, then no points on the graph will satisfy this
equation. For example, if the value of s is 128 (choice A), then the equation becomes .
The point , where and , lies on the graph. However, substituting 16 for a and 0 for b in
yields , or , which is false. Therefore, doesn’t satisfy the equation, and so the
value of s can’t be 128. Similarly, if (choice C) or (choice D), then substituting 16 for a and 0 for b yields
and , respectively, which are both false.

Question ID 113b938e
ID: 113b938e
The equation above represents the speed y, in feet per second, of Sheila’s bicycle
x seconds after she applied the brakes at the end of a ride. If the equation is
graphed in the xy-plane, which of the following is the best interpretation of the x-
coordinate of the line’s x-intercept in the context of the problem?
A. The speed of Sheila’s bicycle, in feet per second, before Sheila applied the brakes
B. The number of feet per second the speed of Sheila’s bicycle decreased each second after Sheila applied the brakes
The number of seconds it took from the time Sheila began applying the brakes until the bicycle came to a complete
C. stop
The number of feet Sheila’s bicycle traveled from the time she began applying the brakes until the bicycle came to a
D. complete stop
ID: 113b938e Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that for each point on the graph of the given equation, the x-coordinate represents the
number of seconds after Sheila applied the brakes, and the y-coordinate represents the speed of Sheila’s bicycle at that
moment in time. For the graph of the equation, the y-coordinate of the x-intercept is 0. Therefore, the x-coordinate of the
x-intercept of the graph of the given equation represents the number of seconds it took from the time Sheila began
applying the brakes until the bicycle came to a complete stop.
Choice A is incorrect. The speed of Sheila’s bicycle before she applied the brakes is represented by the y-coordinate of
the y-intercept of the graph of the given equation, not the x-coordinate of the x-intercept. Choice B is incorrect. The
number of feet per second the speed of Sheila’s bicycle decreased each second after Sheila applied the brakes is
represented by the slope of the graph of the given equation, not the x-coordinate of the x-intercept. Choice D is incorrect
and may result from misinterpreting x as the distance, in feet, traveled after applying the brakes, rather than the time, in
seconds, after applying the brakes.

Question ID 2e1a7f66

two variables
ID: 2e1a7f66
Figure A and figure B are both regular polygons. The sum of the perimeter of figure A and the perimeter of figure B is
inches. The equation represents this situation, where is the number of sides of figure A and is the
number of sides of figure B. Which statement is the best interpretation of in this context?
A. Each side of figure B has a length of inches.
B. The number of sides of figure B is .
C. Each side of figure A has a length of inches.
D. The number of sides of figure A is .
ID: 2e1a7f66 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that figure A and figure B (not shown) are both regular polygons and the sum of the
perimeters of the two figures is 63 inches. It’s also given that 𝑥 is the number of sides of figure A and 𝑦 is the number of
sides of figure B, and that the equation 3𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 63 represents this situation. Thus, 3𝑥 and 6𝑦 represent the perimeters, in
inches, of figure A and figure B, respectively. Since 6𝑦 represents the perimeter, in inches, of figure B and 𝑦 is the number
of sides of figure B, it follows that each side of figure B has a length of 6 inches.
Choice B is incorrect. The number of sides of figure B is 𝑦, not 6.
Choice C is incorrect. Since the perimeter, in inches, of figure A is represented by 3𝑥, each side of figure A has a length of
3 inches, not 6 inches.
Choice D is incorrect. The number of sides of figure A is 𝑥, not 6.

Question ID 5e422ff9

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 5e422ff9
In the solution to the system of equations

above, what is the value of y ?
A.
B.
C. 9
D. 15
ID: 5e422ff9 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Multiplying both sides of by 5 results in . Multiplying both sides of
by 2 results in . Subtracting the resulting equations yields , which

simplifies to . Dividing both sides of by results in .
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from incorrectly subtracting the transformed equation. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from finding the value of x instead of the value of y.

Question ID 36ab4122

one variable
ID: 36ab4122
Megan’s regular wage at her job is p dollars per hour for the first 8 hours of work
in a day plus 1.5 times her regular hourly wage for work in excess of 8 hours that
day. On a given day, Megan worked for 10 hours, and her total earnings for that
day were $137.50. What is Megan’s regular hourly wage?
A. $11.75
B. $12.50
C. $13.25
D. $13.75
ID: 36ab4122 Answer
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since p represents Megan’s regular pay per hour, 1.5p represents the pay per hour in excess of 8
hours. Since Megan worked for 10 hours, she must have been paid p dollars per hour for 8 of the hours plus 1.5p dollars
per hour for the remaining 2 hours. Therefore, since Megan earned $137.50 for the 10 hours, the situation can be
represented by the equation 137.5 = 8p + 2(1.5)p. Distributing the 2 in the equation gives 137.5 = 8p + 3p, and combining
like terms gives 137.5 = 11p. Dividing both sides by 11 gives p = 12.5. Therefore, Megan’s regular wage is $12.50.
Choices A and C are incorrect and may be the result of calculation errors. Choice D is incorrect and may result from
finding the average hourly wage that Megan earned for the 10 hours of work.

Question ID e9ef0e6b

in one or two
variables
ID: e9ef0e6b
A model estimates that whales from the genus Eschrichtius travel to miles in the ocean each day during their
migration. Based on this model, which inequality represents the estimated total number of miles, , a whale from the
genus Eschrichtius could travel in days of its migration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e9ef0e6b Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that the model estimates that whales from the genus Eschrichtius travel 72 to 77 miles in
the ocean each day during their migration. If one of these whales travels 72 miles each day for 16 days, then the whale
travels 7216 miles total. If one of these whales travels 77 miles each day for 16 days, then the whale travels 7716 miles
total. Therefore, the model estimates that in 16 days of its migration, a whale from the genus Eschrichtius could travel at
least 7216 and at most 7716 miles total. Thus, the inequality 7216 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7716 represents the estimated total number of
miles, 𝑥, a whale from the genus Eschrichtius could travel in 16 days of its migration.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question ID cb58833c

two variables
ID: cb58833c
The line with the equation is graphed in the xy‑plane. What is the
x-coordinate of the x‑intercept of the line?
ID: cb58833c Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 1.25. The y-coordinate of the x-intercept is 0, so 0 can be substituted for y, giving .
This simplifies to . Multiplying both sides of by 5 gives . Dividing both sides of by 4 gives
, which is equivalent to 1.25. Note that 1.25 and 5/4 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 567ac7ab

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 567ac7ab
One of the two equations in a linear system is . The system has no

solution. Which of the following could be the other equation in the system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 567ac7ab Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A system of two linear equations written in standard form has no solution when the equations are
distinct and the ratio of the x-coefficient to the y-coefficient for one equation is equivalent to the ratio of the x-coefficient
to the y-coefficient for the other equation. This ratio for the given equation is 2 to 6, or 1 to 3. Only choice B is an equation
that isn’t equivalent to the given equation and whose ratio of the x-coefficient to the y-coefficient is 1 to 3.
Choice A is incorrect. Multiplying each of the terms in this equation by 2 yields an equation that is equivalent to the given
equation. This system would have infinitely many solutions. Choices C and D are incorrect. The ratio of the x-coefficient
to the y-coefficient in (choice C) is to 2, or to 1. This ratio in (choice D) is 6 to 2, or 3
to 1. Since neither of these ratios is equivalent to that for the given equation, these systems would have exactly one
solution.

Question ID a04050d8
ID: a04050d8
The table above gives the typical amounts of energy per gram, expressed in both
food calories and kilojoules, of the three macronutrients in food. If the 180 food
calories in a granola bar come entirely from p grams of protein, f grams of fat,
and c grams of carbohydrate, which of the following expresses f in terms of p
and c ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a04050d8 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It is given that there are 4.0 food calories per gram of protein, 9.0 food calories per gram of fat, and
4.0 food calories per gram of carbohydrate. If 180 food calories in a granola bar came from p grams of protein, f grams
of fat, and c grams of carbohydrate, then the situation can be represented by the equation . The
equation can then be rewritten in terms of f by subtracting 4p and 4c from both sides of the equation and then dividing
both sides of the equation by 9. The result is the equation .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of not representing the situation with the correct equation or
incorrectly rewriting the equation in terms of f.

Question ID 2704399f

linear equations in
two variables
ID: 2704399f
Which of the following systems of equations has the same solution as the
system of equations graphed above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2704399f Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The solution to a system of equations is the coordinates of the intersection point of the graphs of the
equations in the xy-plane. Based on the graph, the solution to the given system of equations is best approximated as
. In the xy-plane, the graph of is a horizontal line on which every y-coordinate is 0, and the graph of
is a vertical line on which every x-coordinate is . These graphs intersect at the point . Therefore, the system of
equations in choice A has the same solution as the given system.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. If graphed in the xy-plane, these choices would intersect at the points , , and
, respectively, not .

Question ID daad7c32
ID: daad7c32
An object hangs from a spring. The formula relates the length , in

centimeters, of the spring to the weight w, in newtons, of the object. Which of the
following describes the meaning of the 2 in this context?
A. The length, in centimeters, of the spring with no weight attached
B. The weight, in newtons, of an object that will stretch the spring 30 centimeters
C. The increase in the weight, in newtons, of the object for each one-centimeter increase in the length of the spring
D. The increase in the length, in centimeters, of the spring for each one-newton increase in the weight of the object
ID: daad7c32 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The value 2 is multiplied by w, the weight of the object. When the weight is 0, the length is 30 + 2(0) =
30 centimeters. If the weight increases by w newtons, the length increases by 2w centimeters, or 2 centimeters for each
one-newton increase in weight.
Choice A is incorrect because this describes the value 30. Choice B is incorrect because 30 represents the length of the
spring before it has been stretched. Choice C is incorrect because this describes the value w.

Question ID 3f8a701b

one variable
ID: 3f8a701b
The equation , where a and b are constants, has no solutions.

Which of the following must be true? I. II. III.
A. None
B. I only
C. I and II only
D. I and III only
ID: 3f8a701b Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. For a linear equation in a form to have no solutions, the x-terms must have equal
coefficients and the remaining terms must not be equal. Expanding the right-hand side of the given equation yields
. Inspecting the x-terms, 9 must equal a, so statement I must be true. Inspecting the remaining terms, 5
can’t equal . Dividing both of these quantities by 9 yields that b can’t equal . Therefore, statement III must be true.
Since b can have any value other than , statement II may or may not be true.
Choice A is incorrect. For the given equation to have no solution, both and must be true. Choice B is
incorrect because it must also be true that . Choice C is incorrect because when , there are many values of b
that lead to an equation having no solution. That is, b might be 5, but b isn’t required to be 5.

Question ID 023c0a8d
ID: 023c0a8d
For the function f, if for all values of x,

A.
B.
C. 0
D. 2
ID: 023c0a8d Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that for all values of x. If , then will equal . Dividing both
sides of by 3 gives . Therefore, substituting 2 for x in the given equation yields , which can
be rewritten as .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of the constant in the given equation for f. Choice C is incorrect and may result
from substituting , rather than , into the given equation. Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of x that yields
for the left-hand side of the given equation; it’s not the value of .

Question ID a7a14e87

two variables
ID: a7a14e87
In the xy-plane, line k is defined by . Line j is perpendicular to line k, and

the y-intercept of line j is . Which of the following is an equation of line j ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a7a14e87 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that line j is perpendicular to line k and that line k is defined by the equation . This
equation can be rewritten in slope-intercept form, , where m represents the slope of the line and b
represents the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the line, by subtracting x from both sides of the equation, which yields
. Thus, the slope of line k is . Since line j and line k are perpendicular, their slopes are opposite reciprocals of
each other. Thus, the slope of line j is 1. It’s given that the y-intercept of line j is . Therefore, the equation for line j in
slope-intercept form is , which can be rewritten as .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID 90bd9ef8

in one or two
variables
ID: 90bd9ef8
The average annual energy cost for a certain home is $4,334. The homeowner
plans to spend $25,000 to install a geothermal heating system. The homeowner
estimates that the average annual energy cost will then be $2,712. Which of the
following inequalities can be solved to find t, the number of years after
installation at which the total amount of energy cost savings will exceed the
installation cost?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 90bd9ef8 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The savings each year from installing the geothermal heating system will be the average annual
energy cost for the home before the geothermal heating system installation minus the average annual energy cost after
the geothermal heating system installation, which is dollars. In t years, the savings will be
dollars. Therefore, the inequality that can be solved to find the number of years after installation at
which the total amount of energy cost savings will exceed (be greater than) the installation cost, $25,000, is
.
Choice A is incorrect. It gives the number of years after installation at which the total amount of energy cost savings will
be less than the installation cost. Choice C is incorrect and may result from subtracting the average annual energy cost
for the home from the onetime cost
of the geothermal heating system installation. To find the predicted total savings, the predicted average cost should be
subtracted from the average annual energy cost before the installation, and the result should be multiplied by the number
of years, t. Choice D is incorrect and may result from misunderstanding the context. The ratio compares the
average energy cost before installation and the average energy cost after installation; it does not represent the savings.

Question ID 5ad9eff0

one variable
ID: 5ad9eff0
The width of a rectangular dance floor is w feet. The length of the floor is 6 feet
longer than its width. Which of the following expresses the perimeter, in feet, of
the dance floor in terms of w ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 5ad9eff0 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It is given that the width of the dance floor is w feet. The length is 6 feet longer than the width;
therefore, the length of the dance floor is . So the perimeter is .
Choice A is incorrect because it is the sum of one length and one width, which is only half the perimeter. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from using the formula for the area instead of the formula for the perimeter and making a
calculation error. Choice D is incorrect because this is the area, not the perimeter, of the dance floor.

Question ID a1fd2304

two variables
ID: a1fd2304
How many liters of a 25% saline solution must be added to 3 liters of a 10%
saline solution to obtain a 15% saline solution?
ID: a1fd2304 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 1.5. The total amount, in liters, of a saline solution can be expressed as the liters of each type of
saline solution multiplied by the percent concentration of the saline solution. This gives , , and
, where x is the amount, in liters, of 25% saline solution and 10%, 15%, and 25% are represented as 0.10,
0.15, and 0.25, respectively. Thus, the equation must be true. Multiplying 3 by 0.10 and
distributing 0.15 to yields . Subtracting 0.15x and 0.30 from each side of the
equation gives . Dividing each side of the equation by 0.10 yields . Note that 1.5 and 3/2 are

Question ID b544a348

linear equations in
two variables
ID: b544a348
In the solution to the system of equations

above, what is the value of x ?
ID: b544a348 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 7. Subtracting the second equation from the first equation eliminates the variable y.
Dividing both sides of the resulting equation by 4 yields x = 7.

Question ID 628300a9

one variable
ID: 628300a9
A science teacher is preparing the 5 stations of a science laboratory. Each

station will have either Experiment A materials or Experiment B materials, but
not both. Experiment A requires 6 teaspoons of salt, and Experiment B requires
4 teaspoons of salt. If x is the number of stations that will be set up for
Experiment A and the remaining stations will be set up for Experiment B, which
of the following expressions represents the total number of teaspoons of salt
required?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 628300a9 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It is given that x represents the number of stations that will be set up for Experiment A and that there
will be 5 stations total, so it follows that 5 – x is the number of stations that will be set up for Experiment B. It is also
given that Experiment A requires 6 teaspoons of salt and that Experiment B requires 4 teaspoons of salt, so the total
number of teaspoons of salt required is 6x + 4(5 – x), which simplifies to 2x + 20.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may be the result of not understanding the description of the context.

Question ID 9ed4c1a2

two variables
ID: 9ed4c1a2
What is the slope of the graph of in the xy-plane?
ID: 9ed4c1a2 Answer

Rationale
55
The correct answer is . In the xy-plane, the graph of an equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 and 𝑏 are constants,
4
has a slope of 𝑚 and a y-intercept of 0, 𝑏. Applying the distributive property to the right-hand side of the given equation
27 15 55 15 55
yields 𝑦 = 𝑥 + + 7𝑥. Combining like terms yields 𝑦 = 𝑥 + . This equation is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 =
4 4 4 4 4
15 1 55
and 𝑏 = . It follows that the slope of the graph of 𝑦 = 27𝑥 + 15 + 7𝑥 in the xy-plane is . Note that 55/4 and 13.75 are
4 4 4

Question ID 45bba652

one variable
ID: 45bba652
If , what is
the value of ?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 7
D. 12
ID: 45bba652 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Adding the like terms on the left-hand side of the given equation yields . Dividing both
sides of this equation by 5 yields .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from subtracting 5, not dividing by 5, on both sides of the equation .
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of x, not the value of . Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of , not
the value of .

Question ID fb43b85f

two variables
ID: fb43b85f
A line passes through the points and in the xy-plane. What is the slope of the line?
ID: fb43b85f Answer

Rationale
18
The correct answer is . For a line that passes through the points 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 in the xy-plane, the slope of the line can
11
𝑦2 - 𝑦1
be calculated using the slope formula, 𝑚 = . It's given that a line passes through the points 4, 6 and 15, 24 in the xy-
𝑥2 - 𝑥1
𝑦2 - 𝑦1 24 - 6 18
plane. Substituting 4, 6 for 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 15, 24 for 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 in the slope formula, 𝑚 = , yields 𝑚 = , or 𝑚 = . Therefore,
𝑥2 - 𝑥1 15 - 4 11
18
the slope of the line is . Note that 18/11 and 1.636 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
11

Question ID 8a6de407
ID: 8a6de407
The function f is defined by , where m and b are constants. If

and , what is the value of m ?
ID: 8a6de407 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 2. The slope-intercept form of an equation for a line is , where m is the slope and b is
the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. Two ordered pairs, and , can be used to compute the slope using the
formula . It’s given that and ; therefore, the two ordered pairs for this line are
and . Substituting these values for and gives , or 2.

Question ID 41fdc0b8
ID: 41fdc0b8
The table above shows the population of Greenleaf, Idaho, for the years 2000 and 2010. If the relationship between
population and year is linear, which of the following functions P models the population of Greenleaf t years after 2000?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 41fdc0b8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It is given that the relationship between population and year is linear; therefore, the function that
models the population t years after 2000 is of the form , where m is the slope and b is the population when
. In the year 2000, . Therefore, . The slope is given by
. Therefore, , which is equivalent to the

equation in choice A.
Choice B is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly calculating the slope as just the change in the value of P. Choice
C is incorrect and may be the result of the same error as in choice B, in addition to incorrectly using t to represent the
year, instead of the number of years after 2000. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly using t to
represent the year instead of the number of years after 2000.


in one or two
variables
ID: 948087f2
Which of the following ordered pairs (x, y) satisfies the

system of inequalities above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 948087f2 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Any point (x, y) that is a solution to the given system of inequalities must satisfy both inequalities in
the system. The second inequality in the system can be rewritten as . Of the given answer choices, only choice
D satisfies this inequality, because inequality is a true statement. The point also satisfies the first
inequality.
Alternate approach: Substituting into the first inequality gives , or , which is a true
statement. Substituting into the second inequality gives , or , which is a true statement.
Therefore, since satisfies both inequalities, it is a solution to the system.
Choice A is incorrect because substituting −2 for x and −1 for y in the first inequality gives , or ,
which is false. Choice B is incorrect because substituting −1 for x and 3 for y in the first inequality gives ,
or , which is false. Choice C is incorrect because substituting 1 for x and 5 for y in the first inequality gives
, or , which is false.

Question ID a5663025
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: a5663025
A system of equations consists of a quadratic equation and a linear equation.

The equations in this system are graphed in the xy-plane above. How many
solutions does this system have?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
ID: a5663025 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The solutions to a system of two equations correspond to points where the graphs of the equations
intersect. The given graphs intersect at 2 points; therefore, the system has 2 solutions.
Choice A is incorrect because the graphs intersect. Choice B is incorrect because the graphs intersect more than once.
Choice D is incorrect. It’s not possible for the graph of a quadratic equation and the graph of a linear equation to intersect
more than twice.

Question ID d0a7871e

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: d0a7871e
If is a solution to the system of equations above, which of the

following could be the value of x ?
A. –1
B. 0
C. 2
D. 3
ID: d0a7871e Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It is given that y = x + 1 and y = x2 + x. Setting the values for y equal to each other yields x + 1 = x2 +
x. Subtracting x from each side of this equation yields x2 = 1. Therefore, x can equal 1 or –1. Of these, only –1 is given as
a choice.
Choice B is incorrect. If x = 0, then x + 1 = 1, but x2 + x = 02 + 0 = 0 ≠︀1. Choice C is incorrect. If x = 2, then x + 1 = 3, but x2

+ x = 22 + 2 = 6 ≠︀3. Choice D is incorrect. If x = 3, then x + 1 = 4, but x2 + x = 32 + 3 = 12 ≠︀4.

Question ID dd4ab4c4
SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

expressions
ID: dd4ab4c4
Which of the following is a factor of

the polynomial above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: dd4ab4c4 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The first and last terms of the polynomial are both squares such that and
. The second term is twice the product of the square root of the first and last terms: . Therefore, the
polynomial is the square of a binomial such that , and is a factor.
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly factoring the polynomial. Choice C is incorrect and may be the
result of dividing the second and third terms of the polynomial by their greatest common factor. Choice D is incorrect and
may be the result of not factoring the coefficients.

Question ID b8caaf84

expressions
ID: b8caaf84
If and , which of the following is

equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b8caaf84 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that and . Substituting the values for p and v into the expression
yields . Multiplying the terms yields
. Using the distributive property to rewrite yields . Therefore, the entire
expression can be represented as . Combining like terms yields .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from subtracting, instead of adding, the term . Choice C is incorrect. This is the
result of multiplying the terms . Choice D is incorrect and may result from distributing 2, instead of , to
the term .

Question ID 7f81d0c3

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 7f81d0c3
What values satisfy the

equation above?
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
ID: 7f81d0c3 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Using the quadratic formula to solve the given expression yields
. Therefore, and satisfy the given

equation.
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from incorrectly factoring or incorrectly applying the quadratic formula.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from a sign error.

Question ID 91e7ea5e
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
ID: 91e7ea5e
The quadratic function h is defined as shown. In the xy-plane, the graph of

intersects the x-axis at the points and , where t is a constant.
What is the value of t ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
ID: 91e7ea5e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the graph of intersects the x-axis at and , where t is a constant.
Since this graph intersects the x-axis when or when , it follows that and . If ,
then . Adding 32 to both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this
equation by 2 yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields . Adding 4 to both
sides of this equation yields . Therefore, the value of t is 8.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question ID fc3d783a

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fc3d783a
In the -plane, a line with equation intersects a parabola at exactly one point. If the parabola has equation
, where is a positive constant, what is the value of ?
ID: fc3d783a Answer

Correct Answer: 6
Rationale
The correct answer is 6. It’s given that a line with equation 2𝑦 = 4 . 5 intersects a parabola with equation 𝑦 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥,
where 𝑏 is a positive constant, at exactly one point in the xy-plane. It follows that the system of equations consisting of
2𝑦 = 4 . 5 and 𝑦 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 has exactly one solution. Dividing both sides of the equation of the line by 2 yields 𝑦 = 2 . 25.
Substituting 2.25 for 𝑦 in the equation of the parabola yields 2 . 25 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥. Adding 4𝑥2 and subtracting 𝑏𝑥 from both
sides of this equation yields 4𝑥2 - 𝑏𝑥 + 2 . 25 = 0. A quadratic equation in the form of 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
2
constants, has exactly one solution when the discriminant, 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐, is equal to zero. Substituting 4 for 𝑎 and 2.25 for 𝑐 in
2 2 2
the expression 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 and setting this expression equal to 0 yields 𝑏 - 4 ( 4 ) ( 2 . 25 ) = 0, or 𝑏 - 36 = 0. Adding 36 to each
side of this equation yields 𝑏2 = 36. Taking the square root of each side of this equation yields 𝑏 = ± 6. It’s given that 𝑏 is
positive, so the value of 𝑏 is 6.

Question ID a9084ca4
ID: a9084ca4
The given function models the number of advertisements a company sent to its clients each year, where represents
the number of years since , and . If is graphed in the xy-plane, which of the following is the
best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this context?
A. The minimum estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients during the years was .
B. The minimum estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients during the years was .
C. The estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in was .
D. The estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in was .
ID: a9084ca4 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point where 𝑥 = 0. For the given function 𝑓, the y-
intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane can be found by substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = 9,0000.66𝑥 , which
gives 𝑦 = 9,0000.660 . This is equivalent to 𝑦 = 9,0001, or 𝑦 = 9,000. Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is
0, 9,000. It’s given that the function 𝑓 models the number of advertisements a company sent to its clients each year.
Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 represents the estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients each year. It's also
given that 𝑥 represents the number of years since 1997. Therefore, 𝑥 = 0 represents 0 years since 1997, or 1997. Thus, the
best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is that the estimated number of advertisements the company
sent to its clients in 1997 was 9,000.


in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 4661e2a9
Which ordered pair is a solution to the

system of equations above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4661e2a9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The solution to the given system of equations can be found by solving the first equation for x, which
gives , and substituting that value of x into the second equation which gives . Rewriting
this equation by adding like terms and expanding gives . Subtracting from both sides of
this equation gives . Adding to 2 to both sides of this equation gives . Therefore, it follows that
. Substituting for y in the first equation yields . Adding to both sides of this equation
yields . Therefore, the ordered pair is a solution to the given system of equations.
Choice B is incorrect. Substituting for x and for y in the first equation yields , or ,
which isn’t a true statement. Choice C is incorrect. Substituting for x and for y in the second equation yields
, or , which isn’t a true statement. Choice D is incorrect.
Substituting for x and for y in the second equation yields , or

, which isn’t a true statement.

Question ID ad2ec615

expressions
ID: ad2ec615
Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ad2ec615 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The term x4 can be factored as . Factoring –6 as yields values that add to –1, the
coefficient of x2 in the expression.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from finding factors of –6 that don’t add to the coefficient of x2 in the
original expression.

Question ID 42c71eb5

expressions
ID: 42c71eb5
Which of the following is equivalent to

the expression above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 42c71eb5 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given expression can be rewritten as . Applying the

distributive property, the expression can be rewritten as , or
. Adding like terms yields . Substituting for in the given expression
yields . By the rules of exponents, the expression is equivalent to . Applying
the distributive property, this expression can be rewritten as , or .
Adding like terms gives . Substituting for in the rewritten expression yields
, and adding like terms yields .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choices C and D may result from rewriting the expression as ,
instead of as . Choices B and C may result from rewriting the expression as , instead of
.

Question ID 371cbf6b

expressions
ID: 371cbf6b
The equation above is true for all x, where a and b are

constants. What is the value of ab ?
A. 18
B. 20
C. 24
D. 40
ID: 371cbf6b Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. If the equation is true for all x, then the expressions on both sides of the equation will be equivalent.
Multiplying the polynomials on the left-hand side of the equation gives . On the
right-hand side of the equation, the only -term is . Since the expressions on both sides of the equation are
equivalent, it follows that , which can be rewritten as . Therefore,

, which gives .
Choice A is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on the left-hand side of the equation would be
, which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the right-hand side. Choice B is incorrect. If ,
then the coefficient of on the left-hand side of the equation would be , which doesn’t equal the
coefficient of , , on the right-hand side. Choice D is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on the left-hand
side of the equation would be , which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the right-hand side.

Question ID a05bd3a4

expressions
ID: a05bd3a4
Which of the following expressions is

equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a05bd3a4 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The expression can be written as a difference of squares x2 – y2, which can be factored as (x + y)(x –
y). Here, y2 = 5, so , and the expression therefore factors as .
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from misunderstanding how to factor a difference of squares. Choice D is
incorrect; (x + 5)(x – 1) can be rewritten as x2 + 4x – 5, which is not equivalent to the original expression.

Question ID 40c09d66

expressions
ID: 40c09d66
If for all positive values of x,
ID: 40c09d66 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . The value of can be found by first rewriting the left-hand side of the given equation as
. Using the properties of exponents, this expression can be rewritten as . This expression can be rewritten
by subtracting the fractions in the exponent, which yields . Thus, is . Note that 7/6, 1.166, and 1.167 are

Question ID f65288e8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f65288e8
If x is a solution to the given equation, which of the

following is a possible value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f65288e8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given equation can be rewritten as . Multiplying both sides of this equation by
yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields . Taking the square root of
both sides of this equation yields or . Therefore, a possible value of is .

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from computational or conceptual errors.

Question ID f89af023
ID: f89af023
A rectangular volleyball court has an area of 162 square meters. If the length of
the court is twice the width, what is the width of the court, in meters?
A. 9
B. 18
C. 27
D. 54
ID: f89af023 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that the volleyball court is rectangular and has an area of 162 square meters. The formula
for the area of a rectangle is , where A is the area, is the length, and w is the width of the rectangle. It’s also
given that the length of the volleyball court is twice the width, thus . Substituting the given value into the formula
for the area of a rectangle and using the relationship between length and width for this rectangle yields .
This equation can be rewritten as . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields . Taking the
square root of both sides of this equation yields . Since the width of a rectangle is a positive number, the width of
the volleyball court is 9 meters.
Choice B is incorrect because this is the length of the rectangle. Choice C is incorrect because this is the result of using
162 as the perimeter rather than the area. Choice D is incorrect because this is the result of calculating w in the equation
instead of .

Question ID e53add44
ID: e53add44
The function S above models the annual salary, in dollars, of an employee n

years after starting a job, where a is a constant. If the employee’s salary
increases by 4% each year, what is the value of a ?
A. 0.04
B. 0.4
C. 1.04
D. 1.4
ID: e53add44 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. A model for a quantity S that increases by a certain percentage per time period n is an exponential
function in the form , where I is the initial value at time for r% annual increase. It’s given that
the annual increase in an employee’s salary is 4%, so . The initial value can be found by substituting 0 for n in the
given function, which yields . Therefore, . Substituting these values for r and I into the form of
the exponential function yields , or .

Therefore, the value of a in the given function is 1.04.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly representing the annual increase in the exponential
function.

Question ID f2f3fa00

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f2f3fa00
During a 5-second time interval, the average acceleration a, in meters per second
squared, of an object with an initial velocity of 12 meters per second is defined
by the equation , where vf is the final velocity of the object in

meters per second. If the equation is rewritten in the form vf = xa + y, where x
and y are constants, what is the value of x ?
ID: f2f3fa00 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. The given equation can be rewritten in the form , like so:
It follows that the value of x is 5 and the value of y is 12.

Question ID 9654add7
ID: 9654add7
The revenue , in dollars, that a company receives from sales of a product is

given by the function f above, where x is the unit price, in dollars, of the product.
The graph of in the xy-plane intersects the x-axis at 0 and a. What does
a represent?
A. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0
B. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue
C. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0
D. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company can make
ID: 9654add7 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. By definition, the y-value when a function intersects the x-axis is 0. It’s given that the graph of the
function intersects the x-axis at 0 and a, that x is the unit price, in dollars, of a product, and that , where , is
the revenue, in dollars, that a company receives from the sales of the product. Since the value of a occurs when ,a
is the unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0.
Choice A is incorrect. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0 is represented by , when .
Choice B is incorrect. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue is represented by the x-
coordinate of the maximum of f. Choice D is incorrect. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company can make is
represented by the y-coordinate of the maximum of f.

Question ID 34847f8a

expressions
ID: 34847f8a
The equation above is true for all , where r and t are positive
constants. What is the value of rt ?
A.
B. 15
C. 20
D. 60
ID: 34847f8a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. To express the sum of the two rational expressions on the left-hand side of the equation as the single
rational expression on the right-hand side of the equation, the expressions on the left-hand side must have the same
denominator. Multiplying the first expression by results in , and multiplying the second expression
by results in , so the given equation can be rewritten as
, or . Since the
two rational expressions on the left-hand side of the equation have the same denominator as the rational expression on
the right-hand side of the equation, it follows that . Combining like terms on the left-hand
side yields , so it follows that and . Therefore, the value of is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error when determining the sign of either r or t. Choice B is incorrect and
may result from not distributing the 2 and 3 to their respective terms in
. Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question ID cc776a04

expressions
ID: cc776a04
Which of the following is an equivalent form of

?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: cc776a04 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The first expression can be rewritten as . Applying the
distributive property to this product yields . This difference can be
rewritten as . Distributing the factor of through the second
expression yields . Regrouping like terms, the expression becomes
. Combining like terms yields .
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and likely result from errors made when applying the distributive property or combining
the resulting like terms.

ID: 263f9937
Growth of a Culture of Bacteria
Number of bacteria per
Day
milliliter at end of day
A culture of bacteria is growing at an exponential rate, as shown in the table

above. At this rate, on which day would the number of bacteria per milliliter reach
?
A. Day 5
B. Day 9
C. Day 11
D. Day 12
ID: 263f9937 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The number of bacteria per milliliter is doubling each day. For example, from day 1 to day 2, the
number of bacteria increased from 2.5 × 105 to 5.0 × 105. At the end of day 3 there are 106 bacteria per milliliter. At the
end of day 4, there will be 106 × 2 bacteria per milliliter. At the end of day 5, there will be (106 × 2) × 2, or 106 × (22)
bacteria per milliliter, and so on. At the end of day d, the number of bacteria will be 106 × (2d – 3). If the number of
bacteria per milliliter will reach 5.12 × 108 at the end of day d, then the equation must hold.
Since 5.12 × 108 can be rewritten as 512 × 106, the equation is equivalent to . Rewriting 512 as 29 gives d –
3 = 9, so d = 12. The number of bacteria per milliliter would reach 5.12 × 108 at the end of day 12.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Given the growth rate of the bacteria, the number of bacteria will not reach 5.12 × 108
per milliliter by the end of any of these days.

Question ID 926c246b
ID: 926c246b
The equation above estimates the global data traffic D, in terabytes, for the year
that is t years after 2010. What is the best interpretation of the number 5,640 in
this context?
A. The estimated amount of increase of data traffic, in terabytes, each year
B. The estimated percent increase in the data traffic, in terabytes, each year
C. The estimated data traffic, in terabytes, for the year that is t years after 2010
D. The estimated data traffic, in terabytes, in 2010
ID: 926c246b Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since t represents the number of years after 2010, the estimated data traffic, in terabytes, in 2010
can be calculated using the given equation when . Substituting 0 for t in the given equation yields ,
or . Thus, 5,640 represents the estimated data traffic, in terabytes, in 2010.
Choice A is incorrect. Since the equation is exponential, the amount of increase of data traffic each year isn’t constant.
Choice B is incorrect. According to the equation, the percent increase in data traffic each year is 90%. Choice C is
incorrect. The estimated data traffic, in terabytes, for the year that is t years after 2010 is represented by D, not the
number 5,640.

Question ID 137cc6fd

expressions
ID: 137cc6fd
For what value of is the given expression equivalent to , where ?
ID: 137cc6fd Answer

Correct Answer: .0177, .0178, 4/225
Rationale
4
The correct answer is . An expression of the form 𝑘√𝑎 , where 𝑘 is an integer greater than 1 and 𝑎 ≥ 0, is equivalent to
225
1 1 12
𝑎 . Therefore, the given expression, where 𝑛 > 1, is equivalent to 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 6 . Applying properties of exponents, this
𝑘
1 1 1 1 1 1 8
·2 +
expression can be rewritten as 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 6 , or 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 3 , which can be rewritten as 70𝑛 5 3 , or 70𝑛 15 . It's given that the
8
2
expression 5√70𝑛 6√70𝑛 is equivalent to 70𝑛30𝑥 , where 𝑛 > 1. It follows that 70𝑛 15 is equivalent to 70𝑛30𝑥 . Therefore,
8 8 4
= 30𝑥. Dividing both sides of this equation by 30 yields = 𝑥, or = 𝑥. Thus, the value of 𝑥 for which the given
15 450 225
4
expression is equivalent to 70𝑛30𝑥 , where 𝑛 > 1, is . Note that 4/225, .0177, .0178, 0.017, and 0.018 are examples of
225

Question ID 6ce95fc8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 6ce95fc8
Which of the following is a solution to

the equation above?
A. 2
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6ce95fc8 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. A quadratic equation in the form , where a, b, and c are constants, can be solved
using the quadratic formula: . Subtracting from both sides of the given equation yields
. Applying the quadratic formula, where , , and , yields
. This can be rewritten as . Since , or , the
equation can be rewritten as . Dividing 2 from both the numerator and denominator yields or
. Of these two solutions, only is present among the choices. Thus, the correct choice is D.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from a computational or conceptual error. Choice B is incorrect and may result from
using instead of as the quadratic formula. Choice C is incorrect and

may result from rewriting as instead of .

Question ID ea6d05bb

expressions
ID: ea6d05bb
The expression is equivalent to the expression , where , , and are constants.

What is the value of ?
ID: ea6d05bb Answer

Correct Answer: -419
Rationale
The correct answer is -419. It's given that the expression 3𝑥 - 2319𝑥 + 6 is equivalent to the expression 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where
𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. Applying the distributive property to the given expression, 3𝑥 - 2319𝑥 + 6, yields
3𝑥19𝑥 + 3𝑥6 - 2319𝑥 - 236, which can be rewritten as 57𝑥2 + 18𝑥 - 437𝑥 - 138. Combining like terms yields 57𝑥2 - 419𝑥 - 138.
Since this expression is equivalent to 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that the value of 𝑏 is -419.


in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 911383f2
What is the product of the solutions to

the given equation?
A. 8
B. 3
C.
D.
ID: 911383f2 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. By the zero-product property, if , then , , or .
Solving each of these equations for yields , , or . The product of these solutions is
.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from sign errors made when solving the given equation. Choice B is incorrect and
may result from finding the sum, not the product, of the solutions. Choice C is incorrect and may result from finding the
sum, not the product, of the solutions in addition to making sign errors when solving the given equation.

Question ID d8789a4c

expressions
ID: d8789a4c
In the expression above, b and c are positive integers. If the expression is

equivalent to and , which of the following could be the value of c ?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
ID: d8789a4c Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. If the given expression is equivalent to , then , where x isn’t equal to b.
Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Since the right-hand side of this equation
is in factored form for the difference of squares, the value of c must be a perfect square. Only choice A gives a perfect
square for the value of c.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. None of these values of c produces a difference of squares. For example, when 6 is
substituted for c in the given expression, the result is . The expression can’t be factored with integer
values, and therefore isn’t equivalent to .

Question ID b80d10d7

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: b80d10d7
What is the solution to the

equation above?
A. 0
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
ID: b80d10d7 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since is equivalent to 1, the right-hand side of the given equation can be rewritten as
, or . Since the left- and right-hand sides of the equation have the same
denominator, it follows that . Applying the distributive property of multiplication to the expression
yields , or . Therefore, . Subtracting x and 2 from both sides of this equation
yields .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. If , then . This can be rewritten as , which is a

false statement. Therefore, 0 isn’t a solution to the given equation. Substituting 3 and 5 into the given equation yields
similarly false statements.

Question ID fcdf87b7

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fcdf87b7
If the ordered pair satisfies the system of equations above,

what is one possible value of x ?
ID: fcdf87b7 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either 0 or 3. For an ordered pair to satisfy a system of equations, both the x- and y-values of the
ordered pair must satisfy each equation in the system. Both expressions on the right-hand side of the given equations
are equal to y, therefore it follows that both expressions on the right-hand side of the equations are equal to each other:
. This equation can be rewritten as , and then through factoring, the equation becomes
. Because the product of the two factors is equal to 0, it can be concluded that either or , or
rather, or . Note that 0 and 3 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID a520ba07

expressions
ID: a520ba07
Which of the following expressions is equivalent

to the expression above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a520ba07 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. One of the properties of radicals is . Thus, the given expression can be rewritten
as . Simplifying by taking the cube root of each part gives x1 ⋅ y2, or xy2.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrect application of the properties of exponents and
radicals.

Question ID 652054da

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 652054da
An oceanographer uses the equation to model the speed s, in knots, of

an ocean wave, where p represents the period of the wave, in seconds. Which of
the following represents the period of the wave in terms of the speed of the
wave?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 652054da Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that p represents the period of the ocean wave, so the equation can be solved for
p to represent the period of the wave in terms of the speed of the wave. Multiplying both sides of the equation by the
reciprocal of will isolate p. This yields , which simplifies to . Therefore, .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when rearranging the equation to solve for p.

Question ID a255ae72

expressions
ID: a255ae72
If and , which of the
following is equal to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a255ae72 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that and . Using the distributive property, the expression
can be rewritten as . Substituting and for and , respectively, in this expression
yields . Expanding this expression yields
. Combining like terms, this expression can be rewritten
as .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from an error in using the distributive property, substituting, or
combining like terms.

Question ID 463eec13

expressions
ID: 463eec13
If , which of the following expressions is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 463eec13 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Taking the square root of an exponential expression halves the exponent, so ,
which further reduces to . This can be rewritten as .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from neglecting the denominator of the given expression and from incorrectly
calculating the square root of 16. Choice B is incorrect and may result from rewriting as rather than . Choice C
is incorrect and may result from taking the square root of the variables in the numerator twice instead of once.

Question ID 6e02cd78

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 6e02cd78
In the xy-plane, what is the y-coordinate of the point of intersection of the

graphs of and ?
ID: 6e02cd78 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 1. The point of intersection of the graphs of the given equations is the solution to the system of the
two equations. Since and , it follows that , or . Applying
the distributive property to the left-hand side of this equation yields . Subtracting from and
adding 3 to both sides of this equation yields . Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields
. By the zero product property, if , it follows that . Adding 2 to both sides of
yields . Substituting 2 for x in either of the given equations yields . For example, substituting 2 for x
in the second given equation yields , or . Therefore, the point of intersection of the graphs of the given
equations is . The y-coordinate of this point is 1.

Question ID 7bd10ef3

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 7bd10ef3
In the equation above, t is a constant. If the equation has no real solutions, which
of the following could be the value of t ?
A.
B.
C. 1
D. 3
ID: 7bd10ef3 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The number of solutions to any quadratic equation in the form , where a, b, and c
are constants, can be found by evaluating the expression , which is called the discriminant. If the value of
is a positive number, then there will be exactly two real solutions to the equation. If the value of is
zero, then there will be exactly one real solution to the equation. Finally, if the value of is negative, then there
will be no real solutions to the equation.
The given equation is a quadratic equation in one variable, where t is a constant. Subtracting t from both
sides of the equation gives . In this form, , , and . The values of t for which the
equation has no real solutions are the same values of t for which the discriminant of this equation is a negative value.
The discriminant is equal to ; therefore, . Simplifying the left side of the inequality
gives . Subtracting 16 from both sides of the inequality and then dividing both sides by 8 gives . Of the
values given in the options, is the only value that is less than . Therefore, choice A must be the correct answer.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from a misconception about how to use the discriminant to determine
the number of solutions of a quadratic equation in one variable.

Question ID 50e40f08
ID: 50e40f08
If the given function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , what is the x-coordinate of an x-intercept of the
graph?
ID: 50e40f08 Answer

Correct Answer: -6, 4
Rationale
The correct answer is either -6 or 4. The x-intercepts of a graph in the xy-plane are the points where 𝑦 = 0. Thus, for an x-
intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, 0 = 𝑓𝑥. Substituting 0 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6𝑥 - 4 yields 0 = 𝑥 + 6𝑥 - 4. By the
zero product property, 𝑥 + 6 = 0 and 𝑥 - 4 = 0. Subtracting 6 from both sides of the equation 𝑥 + 6 = 0 yields 𝑥 = - 6.
Adding 4 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 4 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 4. Therefore, the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph
of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 are -6 and 4. Note that -6 and 4 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 5355c0ef

expressions
ID: 5355c0ef
The given expression can be rewritten as , where is a constant. What is the value of ?
ID: 5355c0ef Answer

Correct Answer: .09, 9/100
Rationale
The correct answer is .09 . It's given that the expression 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 can be rewritten as 𝑎4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 13.
Applying the distributive property to the expression 𝑎4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 13 yields 4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎. Therefore,
0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 can be rewritten as 4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎. It follows that in the expressions 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 and
4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎, the coefficients of 𝑥2 are equivalent, the coefficients of 𝑥 are equivalent, and the constant terms are
equivalent. Therefore, 0.36 = 4𝑎, 0.63 = 7𝑎, and 1.17 = 13𝑎. Solving any of these equations for 𝑎 yields the value of 𝑎.
Dividing both sides of the equation 0.36 = 4𝑎 by 4 yields 0.09 = 𝑎. Therefore, the value of 𝑎 is 0.09. Note that .09 and
9/100 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID a1bf1c4e

expressions
ID: a1bf1c4e

A. (x + 3)2 + 5
B. (x + 3)2 – 5
C. (x – 3)2 + 5
D. (x – 3)2 – 5
ID: a1bf1c4e Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The given quadratic expression is in standard form, and each answer choice is in vertex form.
Completing the square converts the expression from standard form to vertex form. The first step is to rewrite the
expression as follows: . The first three terms of the revised expression can be rewritten
as a perfect square as follows: . Combining the constant terms gives .
Choice A is incorrect. Squaring the binomial and simplifying the expression in choice A gives . Combining
like terms gives , not . Choice C is incorrect. Squaring the binomial and simplifying the
expression in choice C gives . Combining like terms gives , not . Choice D is
incorrect. Squaring the binomial and simplifying the expression in choice D gives . Combining like terms
gives , not .

Question ID c81b6c57

expressions
ID: c81b6c57
In the expression , p is a constant. This
expression is equivalent to the expression . What is the value

of p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c81b6c57 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Using the distributive property, the first given expression can be rewritten as 6x2 + 3px + 24 – 16px –
64x + 24, and then rewritten as 6x2 + (3p – 16p – 64)x + 24. Since the expression 6x2 + (3p – 16p – 64)x + 24 is
equivalent to 6x2 – 155x + 24, the coefficients of the x terms from each expression are equivalent to each other; thus 3p
– 16p – 64 = –155. Combining like terms gives –13p – 64 = –155. Adding 64 to both sides of the equation gives –13p =
–71. Dividing both sides of the equation by –13 yields p = 7.
Choice A is incorrect. If p = –3, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x2 – 25x + 24. Choice C is incorrect. If p
= 13, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x2 – 233x + 24. Choice D is incorrect. If p = 155, then the first
expression would be equivalent to 6x2 – 2,079x + 24.

Question ID 802549ac

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 802549ac
Which of the following is a solution to

the given equation?
A. 1
B. 0
C.
D.
ID: 802549ac Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Applying the distributive property on the left- and right-hand sides of the given equation yields
, or . Subtracting from and adding to both
sides of this equation yields . Subtracting 6 from both sides of this equation and then dividing both sides by
10 yields .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Substituting 0, , or for x in the given equation will result in a false statement. If
, the given equation becomes ; if , the given equation becomes ; and if , the given
equation becomes . Therefore, the values 0, , and aren’t solutions to the given equation.

Question ID a4f61d75

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: a4f61d75
In the equation above, a is a constant and . If the equation has two integer
solutions, what is a possible value of a ?
ID: a4f61d75 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either 7, 8, or 13. Since the given equation has two integer solutions, the expression on the left-
hand side of this equation can be factored as , where c and d are also integers. The product of c and d
must equal the constant term of the original quadratic expression, which is 12. Additionally, the sum of c and d must be a
negative number since it’s given that , but the sign preceding a in the given equation is negative. The possible pairs
of values for c and d that satisfy both of these conditions are and , and , and and . Since the
value of is the sum of c and d, the possible values of are , , and
. It follows that the possible values of a are 7, 8, and 13. Note that 7, 8, and 13 are examples of ways
to enter a correct answer.

Question ID a31417d1
ID: a31417d1
From 2005 through 2014, the number of music CDs sold in the United States
declined each year by approximately 15% of the number sold the preceding year.
In 2005, approximately 600 million CDs were sold in the United States. Of the
following, which best models C, the number of millions of CDs sold in the United
States, t years after 2005?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a31417d1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A model for a quantity C that decreases by a certain percentage per time period t is an exponential
equation in the form , where I is the initial value at time for r% annual decline. It’s given that C is
the number of millions of CDs sold in the United States and that t is the number of years after 2005. It’s also given that
600 million CDs were sold at time , so . This number declines by 15% per year, so . Substituting these
values into the equation produces , or .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from errors made when representing the percent decline. Choices C and D are
incorrect. These equations model exponential increases in CD sales, not exponential decreases.

Question ID 66bce0c1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 66bce0c1
What is the solution set of the

equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 66bce0c1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Subtracting 4 from both sides of isolates the radical expression on the left side
of the equation as follows: . Squaring both sides of yields . This
equation can be rewritten as a quadratic equation in standard form: . One way to solve this quadratic
equation is to factor the expression by identifying two numbers with a sum of and a product of .
These numbers are and 1. So the quadratic equation can be factored as . It follows that 5 and
are the solutions to the quadratic equation. However, the solutions must be verified by checking whether 5 and satisfy
the original equation, . When , the original equation gives , or

, which is false. Therefore, does not satisfy the original equation. When , the original equation gives
, or , which is true. Therefore, is the only solution to the original equation, and so the
solution set is .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each of these sets contains at least one value that results in a false statement
when substituted into the given equation. For instance, in choice D, when 0 is substituted for x into the given equation, the
result is , or . This is not a true statement, so 0 is not a solution to the given
equation.
Question ID 97e50fa2

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 97e50fa2
The graph of the function f, defined by , is shown in

the xy-plane above. If the function g (not shown) is defined by ,
what is one possible value of a such that ?
ID: 97e50fa2 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either 2 or 8. Substituting in the definitions for f and g gives and
, respectively. If , then . Subtracting 10 from both sides of
this equation gives . Multiplying both sides by gives . Expanding gives
. Combining the like terms on one side of the equation gives . One way to solve
this equation is to factor by identifying two numbers with a sum of and a product of 16. These
numbers are and , so the quadratic equation can be factored as . Therefore, the possible
values of a are either 2 or 8. Note that 2 and 8 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Alternate approach: Graphically, the condition implies the graphs of the functions and
intersect at . The graph is given, and the graph of may be sketched as a line with y-intercept 10
and a slope of (taking care to note the different scales on each axis). These two graphs intersect at and
.

Question ID 9afe2370
ID: 9afe2370
The population P of a certain city y years after the last census is modeled by the equation below, where r is a constant
and is the population when .
If during this time the population of the city decreases by a fixed percent each
year, which of the following must be true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 9afe2370 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The term (1 + r) represents a percent change. Since the population is decreasing, the percent change
must be between 0% and 100%. When the percent change is expressed as a decimal rather than as a percent, the
percentage change must be between 0 and 1. Because (1 + r) represents percent change, this can be expressed as 0 < 1
+ r < 1. Subtracting 1 from all three terms of this compound inequality results in –1 < r < 0.
Choice A is incorrect. If r < –1, then after 1 year, the population P would be a negative value, which is not possible.
Choices C and D are incorrect. For any value of r > 0, 1 + r > 1, and the exponential function models growth for positive
values of the exponent. This contradicts the given information that the population is decreasing.

Question ID 3d12b1e0

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 3d12b1e0
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of ?
ID: 3d12b1e0 Answer

Correct Answer: -1
Rationale
The correct answer is -1. A quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has exactly
2
one solution when its discriminant, 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐, is equal to 0. In the given equation, -16𝑥2 - 8𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = - 16 and 𝑏 = - 8.
2
Substituting -16 for 𝑎 and -8 for 𝑏 in 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields -82 - 4-16𝑐, or 64 + 64𝑐. Since the given equation has exactly one
solution, 64 + 64𝑐 = 0. Subtracting 64 from both sides of this equation yields 64𝑐 = - 64. Dividing both sides of this
equation by 64 yields 𝑐 = - 1. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 is -1.

Question ID 2c88af4d

expressions
ID: 2c88af4d
The expression , where and , is

equivalent to which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c88af4d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. For and , and are equivalent to and , respectively. Also, and
are equivalent to and , respectively. Therefore, the given expression can be rewritten as .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because these choices are not equivalent to the given expression for and .
For example, for and , the value of the given expression is ; the values of the choices, however, are
, , and 1, respectively.

Question ID c4cd5bcc
ID: c4cd5bcc
In the xy-plane, the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of the function f is
c. Which of the following must be equal to c ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c4cd5bcc Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. A y-intercept is the point in the xy-plane where the graph of the function crosses the y-axis, which is
where . It’s given that the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of function f is c. It follows that the coordinate
pair representing the y-intercept must be . Therefore, c must equal .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because , , and would represent the y-value of the coordinate where
, , and , respectively.

Question ID 71014fb1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 71014fb1
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
A. Exactly one
B. Exactly two
C. Infinitely many
D. Zero
ID: 71014fb1 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Any quantity that is positive or negative in value has a positive value when squared. Therefore, the
left-hand side of the given equation is either positive or zero for any value of 𝑥. Since the right-hand side of the given
equation is negative, there is no value of 𝑥 for which the given equation is true. Thus, the number of distinct real solutions
for the given equation is zero.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question ID 22fd3e1f

expressions
ID: 22fd3e1f
equivalent to , for ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 22fd3e1f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since and , the fraction can be written
as . It is given that , so the common factor is not equal to 0. Therefore, the fraction can be
further simplified to .
Choice A is incorrect. The expression is not equivalent to because at , as a value of 1 and
has a value of 0.
Choice B is incorrect and results from omitting the factor x in the factorization of . Choice C is incorrect and may
result from incorrectly factoring as instead of .
Question ID 78d5f91a
ID: 78d5f91a
For the function f defined above, what is

the value of ?
A.
B.
C. 7
D. 11
ID: 78d5f91a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Substituting for x in the given function f gives , which

simplifies to . This further simplifies to , or .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from correctly substituting for x in the function but incorrectly simplifying the
resulting expression to , or . Choice B is incorrect and may result from arithmetic errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from correctly substituting for x in the function but incorrectly simplifying the
expression to , or 11.

Question ID d675744f
ID: d675744f
Which of the following is the graph in the xy-

plane of the given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d675744f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of the graph of an equation is the point , where b is the value of y when .
For the given equation, when . It follows that the y-intercept of the graph of the given equation is .
Additionally, for the given equation, the value of y doubles for each increase of 1 in the value of x. Therefore, the graph
contains the points , , , and . Only the graph shown in choice D passes through these points.
Choices A and B are incorrect because these are graphs of decreasing, not increasing, exponential functions. Choice C is
incorrect because the value of y increases by a growth factor greater than 2 for each increase of 1 in the value of x.

Question ID a0b4103e

expressions
ID: a0b4103e
The expression can be rewritten as , where k is a

positive constant. What is the value of k ?
A. 2
B. 6
C.
D.
ID: a0b4103e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Factoring out the coefficient , the given expression can be rewritten as . The
expression can be approached as a difference of squares and rewritten as . Therefore, k must
be .
Choice A is incorrect. If k were 2, then the expression given would be rewritten as , which is equivalent to
, not .
Choice B is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly factoring the expression and finding as the factored
form of the expression. Choice C is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly distributing the and rewriting the
expression as .

Question ID e9349667

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: e9349667
If and are the two solutions to the system of equations

above, what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e9349667 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The system of equations can be solved using the substitution method. Solving the second equation
for y gives y = –x – 1. Substituting the expression –x – 1 for y into the first equation gives –x – 1 = x2 + 2x + 1. Adding x +
1 to both sides of the equation yields x2 + 3x + 2 = 0. The left-hand side of the equation can be factored by finding two
numbers whose sum is 3 and whose product is 2, which gives (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0. Setting each factor equal to 0 yields x + 2
= 0 and x + 1 = 0, and solving for x yields x = –2 or x = –1. These values of x can be substituted for x in the equation y = –
x – 1 to find the corresponding y-values: y = –(–2) – 1 = 2 – 1 = 1 and y = –(–1) – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0. It follows that (–2, 1) and
(–1, 0) are the solutions to the given system of equations. Therefore, (x1, y1) = (–2, 1), (x2, y2) = (–1, 0), and y1 + y2 = 1 + 0
= 1.
Choice A is incorrect. The solutions to the system of equations are (x1, y1) = (–2, 1) and (x2, y2) = (–1, 0). Therefore, –3 is
the sum of the x-coordinates of the solutions, not the sum of the y-coordinates of the solutions. Choices B and C are
incorrect and may be the result of computation or substitution errors.

Question ID b03adde3

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: b03adde3
If , what is t
in terms of u ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b03adde3 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Multiplying both sides of the given equation by yields . Dividing both sides of
this equation by yields . Adding 2 to both sides of this equation yields , which can be
rewritten as . Since the fractions on the right-hand side of this equation have a common
denominator, adding the fractions yields . Applying the distributive property to the numerator on the
right-hand side of this equation yields , which is equivalent to .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from various misconceptions or miscalculations.

Question ID f44a29a8
ID: f44a29a8
An object’s kinetic energy, in joules, is equal to the product of one-half the

object’s mass, in kilograms, and the square of the object’s speed, in meters per
second. What is the speed, in meters per second, of an object with a mass of 4
kilograms and kinetic energy of 18 joules?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 36
ID: f44a29a8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that an object’s kinetic energy, in joules, is equal to the product of one-half the object’s
mass, in kilograms, and the square of the object’s speed, in meters per second. This relationship can be represented by
the equation , where K is the kinetic energy, m is the mass, and v is the speed. Substituting a mass of 4
kilograms for m and a kinetic energy of 18 joules for K results in the equation , or . Dividing
both sides of this equation by 2 yields . Taking the square root of both sides yields and . Since
speed can’t be expressed as a negative number, the speed of the object is 3 meters per second.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from computation errors. Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of rather than v.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of rather than v.

ID: 0121a235
x p(x)
The table above gives selected values of a polynomial function p. Based on the
values in the table, which of the following must be a factor of p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0121a235 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. According to the table, when x is or 2, . Therefore, two x-intercepts of the graph of p are
and . Since and are x-intercepts, it follows that and are factors of the
polynomial equation. This is because when , the value of is 0. Similarly, when , the value of is
0. Therefore, the product is a factor of the polynomial function p.
Choice A is incorrect. The factor corresponds to an x-intercept of , which isn’t present in the table. Choice B is
incorrect. The factor corresponds to an x-intercept of , which isn’t present in the table. Choice C is incorrect.
The factors and correspond to x-intercepts and , respectively, which aren’t present in the table.

Question ID d71f6dbf
ID: d71f6dbf
The height, in feet, of an object x seconds after it is thrown straight up in the air
can be modeled by the function . Based on the model,
which of the following statements best interprets the equation ?
A. The height of the object 1.4 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is 1.64 feet.
B. The height of the object 1.64 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is 1.4 feet.
The height of the object 1.64 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is approximately 1.4 times as great as
C. its initial height.
D. The speed of the object 1.4 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is approximately 1.64 feet per second.
ID: d71f6dbf Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The value 1.4 is the value of x, which represents the number of seconds after the object was thrown
straight up in the air. When the function h is evaluated for x = 1.4, the function has a value of 1.64, which is the height, in
feet, of the object.
Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from misidentifying seconds as feet and feet as seconds. Additionally,
choice C may result from incorrectly including the initial height of the object as the input x. Choice D is incorrect and may
result from misidentifying height as speed.

Question ID 630897df

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 630897df
The speed of sound in dry air, v, can be modeled by the formula

, where T is the temperature in degrees Celsius and v is
measured in meters per second. Which of the following correctly expresses T in
terms of v ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 630897df Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. To express T in terms of v, subtract 331.3 from both sides of the equation, which gives v – 331.3 =
0.606T. Dividing both sides of the equation by 0.606 gives .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and are the result of incorrect steps while solving for T.

ID: 70753f99
The function f is defined by . The graph of f in the xy-plane

is a parabola. Which of the following intervals contains the x-coordinate of the
vertex of the graph of f ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 70753f99 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The graph of a quadratic function in the xy-plane is a parabola. The axis of symmetry of the parabola
passes through the vertex of the parabola. Therefore, the vertex of the parabola and the midpoint of the segment
between the two x-intercepts of the graph have the same x-coordinate. Since , the x-coordinate of
the vertex is . Of the shown intervals, only the interval in choice B contains –2. Choices A, C, and D
are incorrect and may result from either calculation errors or misidentification of the graph’s x-intercepts.

ID: 6676f055
An engineer wanted to identify the best angle for a cooling fan in an engine in
order to get the greatest airflow. The engineer discovered that the function
above models the airflow , in cubic feet per minute, as a function of the
angle of the fan , in degrees. According to the model, what angle, in degrees,
gives the greatest airflow?
A. –0.28
B. 0.28
C. 27
D. 880
ID: 6676f055 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The function f is quadratic, so it will have either a maximum or a minimum at the vertex of the graph.
Since the coefficient of the quadratic term (–0.28) is negative, the vertex will be at a maximum. The equation f( ) = –
0.28( – 27)2 + 880 is given in vertex form, so the vertex is at = 27. Therefore, an angle of 27 degrees gives the
greatest airflow.
Choices A and B are incorrect and may be the result of misidentifying which value in a quadratic equation in vertex form
represents the vertex. Choice D is incorrect. This choice identifies the maximum value of f( ) rather than the value of
for which f( ) is maximized.

Question ID dd8ac009
ID: dd8ac009
Time (years) Total amount (dollars)
Sara opened a savings account at a bank. The table shows the exponential relationship between the time , in years,
since Sara opened the account and the total amount , in dollars, in the account. If Sara made no additional deposits or
withdrawals, which of the following equations best represents the relationship between and ?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: dd8ac009 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that the relationship between 𝑡 and 𝑑 is exponential. The table shows that the value of 𝑑
increases as the value of 𝑡 increases. Therefore, the relationship between 𝑡 and 𝑑 can be represented by an increasing
𝑡
exponential equation of the form 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. The table shows that when 𝑡 = 0,
𝑡 0
𝑑 = 670. Substituting 0 for 𝑡 and 670 for 𝑑 in the equation 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 yields 670 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 , which is equivalent to 670 = 𝑎1,
𝑡 𝑡
or 670 = 𝑎. Substituting 670 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 yields 𝑑 = 6701 + 𝑏 . The table also shows that when 𝑡 = 1,
𝑡 1
𝑑 = 674.02. Substituting 1 for 𝑡 and 674.02 for 𝑑 in the equation 𝑑 = 6701 + 𝑏 yields 674.02 = 6701 + 𝑏 , or
674.02 = 6701 + 𝑏. Dividing both sides of this equation by 670 yields 1.006 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from both sides of this
𝑡
equation yields 𝑏 = 0.006. Substituting 0.006 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑑 = 6701 + 𝑏 yields 𝑑 = 6701 + 0.006𝑡 . Therefore, of the
choices, choice B best represents the relationship between 𝑡 and 𝑑.

Question ID 58dcc59f
ID: 58dcc59f
A landscaper is designing a rectangular garden. The length of the garden is to be

5 feet longer than the width. If the area of the garden will be 104 square feet,
what will be the length, in feet, of the garden?
ID: 58dcc59f Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 13. Let w represent the width of the rectangular garden, in feet. Since the length of the garden will
be 5 feet longer than the width of the garden, the length of the garden will be feet. Thus the area of the garden will
be . It is also given that the area of the garden will be 104 square feet. Therefore, , which is
equivalent to . Factoring this equation results in . Therefore, and

. Because width cannot be negative, the width of the garden must be 8 feet. This means the length of the
garden must be feet.


in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 30281058
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects line p at and ,

where a and b are constants. What is the slope of line p ?
A. 6
B. 2
C.
D.
ID: 30281058 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that the graph of and line p intersect at and . Therefore, the value of y
when is the value of a, and the value of y when is the value of b. Substituting 1 for x in the given equation
yields , or . Similarly, substituting 5 for x in the given equation yields , or .

Therefore, the intersection points are and . The slope of line p is the ratio of the change in y to the change
in x between these two points: , or 6.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors in determining the values of a, b, or
the slope of line p.

Question ID 84dd43f8
ID: 84dd43f8
For the function , , and for each increase in by , the value of decreases by . What is the value of
?
ID: 84dd43f8 Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 3.44. It’s given that 𝑓0 = 86 and that for each increase in 𝑥 by 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80%.
Because the output of the function decreases by a constant percentage for each 1-unit increase in the value of 𝑥, this
𝑥
relationship can be represented by an exponential function of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 , where 𝑎 represents the initial value of
the function and 𝑏 represents the rate of decay,
expressed as a decimal. Because 𝑓0 = 86, the value of 𝑎 must be 86. Because the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80% for each
1-unit increase in 𝑥, the value of 𝑏 must be ( 1 − 0 . 80 ) , or 0 . 2. Therefore, the function 𝑓 can be defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 860 . 2𝑥 .
Substituting 2 for 𝑥 in this function yields 𝑓2 = 860 . 22 , which is equivalent to 𝑓2 = 860 . 04, or 𝑓2 = 3 . 44. Either 3.44 or
86 / 25 may be entered as the correct answer.
Alternate approach: It’s given that 𝑓0 = 86 and that for each increase in 𝑥 by 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80%.
Therefore, when 𝑥 = 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is ( 100 − 80 ) %, or 20%, of 86, which can be expressed as 0 . 2086. Since
0 . 2086 = 17 . 2, the value of 𝑓1 is 17.2. Similarly, when 𝑥 = 2, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is 20% of 17.2, which can be expressed as
0 . 2017 . 2. Since 0 . 2017 . 2 = 3 . 44, the value of 𝑓2 is 3.44. Either 3.44 or 86 / 25 may be entered as the correct answer.

Question ID 59d1f4b5
ID: 59d1f4b5
The equation above models the number of members, M, of a gym t years after
the gym opens. Of the following, which equation models the number of
members of the gym q quarter years after the gym opens?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 59d1f4b5 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. In 1 year, there are 4 quarter years, so the number of quarter years, q, is 4 times the number of years,
t ; that is, . This is equivalent to , and substituting this into the expression for M in terms of t gives
Choices B and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly using instead of . (Choices B and D are
nearly the same since is equivalent to , which is approximately .) Choice C is incorrect and may
be the result of incorrectly using and unnecessarily dividing 0.02 by 4.

Question ID 281a4f3b
ID: 281a4f3b
A certain college had 3,000 students enrolled in 2015. The college predicts that
after 2015, the number of students enrolled each year will be 2% less than the
number of students enrolled the year before. Which of the following functions
models the relationship between the number of students enrolled, , and the
number of years after 2015, x ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 281a4f3b Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Because the change in the number of students decreases by the same percentage each year, the
relationship between the number of students and the number of years can be modeled with a decreasing exponential
function in the form , where is the number of students, a is the number of students in 2015, r is the
rate of decrease each year, and x is the number of years since 2015. It’s given that 3,000 students were enrolled in 2015
and that the rate of decrease is predicted to be 2%, or 0.02. Substituting these values into the decreasing exponential
function yields , which is equivalent to .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual errors when translating the given information into a
decreasing exponential function.

Question ID f237ccfc

expressions
ID: f237ccfc
The sum of and can be written in the form
, where a, b, and c are constants. What is the value of ?
ID: f237ccfc Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 32. The sum of the given expressions is . Combining like terms
yields . Based on the form of the given equation, , , and . Therefore, .
Alternate approach: Because is the value of when , it is possible to first make that
substitution into each polynomial before adding them. When , the first polynomial is equal to and
the second polynomial is equal to . The sum of 30 and 2 is 32.

Question ID a391ed22

expressions
ID: a391ed22
The expression above is equivalent to , where a, b, and c

are constants. What is the value of b?
ID: a391ed22 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . The expression can be written in the form , where a, b,
and c are constants, by multiplying out the expression using the distributive property of multiplication over addition. The
result is . This expression can be rewritten by multiplying as
indicated to give , which can be simplified to , or . This is in
the form , where the value of b is . Note that 5/2 and 2.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID c77ef2fb

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: c77ef2fb
Blood volume, , in a human can be determined using the equation
, where is the plasma volume and H is the hematocrit (the

fraction of blood volume that is red blood cells). Which of the following correctly
expresses the hematocrit in terms of the blood volume and the plasma volume?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c77ef2fb Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The hematocrit can be expressed in terms of the blood volume and the plasma volume by solving the
given equation for H. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Dividing
both sides by yields . Subtracting 1 from both sides yields . Dividing both sides by
yields .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when manipulating the equation.

Question ID 364a2d25

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 364a2d25
If one solution to the system of equations above is ,

what is one possible value of x ?
ID: 364a2d25 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either 8 or 9. The first equation can be rewritten as . Substituting for y in the
second equation gives . By applying the distributive property, this can be rewritten as .
Subtracting 72 from both sides of the equation yields . Factoring the left-hand side of this equation
yields . Applying the Zero Product Property, it follows that and . Solving each
equation for x yields and respectively. Note that 8 and 9 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

ID: 100030d9
A rubber ball bounces upward one-half the height that it falls each time it hits the
ground. If the ball was originally dropped from a distance of 20.0 feet above the
ground, what was its maximum height above the ground, in feet, between the
third and fourth time it hit the ground?
ID: 100030d9 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 2.5. After hitting the ground once, the ball bounces to feet. After hitting the
ground a second time, the ball bounces to feet. After hitting the ground for the third time, the ball
bounces to feet. Note that 2.5 and 5/2 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 5910bfff

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 5910bfff
The formula above can be used to approximate the dew point D, in degrees
Fahrenheit, given the temperature T, in degrees Fahrenheit, and the relative
humidity of H percent, where . Which of the following expresses the
relative humidity in terms of the temperature and the dew point?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 5910bfff Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that . Solving this formula for H expresses the relative humidity in
terms of the temperature and the dew point. Subtracting T from both sides of this equation yields
. Multiplying both sides by yields . Subtracting 100 from both
sides yields . Multiplying both sides by results in the formula .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when rewriting the given formula.

Question ID ad038c19

expressions
ID: ad038c19
Which of the following is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ad038c19 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The expression can be rewritten as . Using the distributive property, the
expression yields . Combining like terms gives .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from errors using the distributive property on the given expression or

Question ID c7a187a7
ID: c7a187a7
If the given function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , what is an x-intercept of the graph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c7a187a7 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It's given that 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥. The x-intercepts of a graph in the xy-plane are the points where 𝑦 = 0. Thus, for
an x-intercept of the graph of function 𝑓, 0 = 𝑓𝑥. Substituting 0 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 - 18𝑥 - 360 yields
0 = 𝑥2 - 18𝑥 - 360. Factoring the right-hand side of this equation yields 0 = 𝑥 + 12𝑥 - 30. By the zero product property,
𝑥 + 12 = 0 and 𝑥 - 30 = 0. Subtracting 12 from both sides of the equation 𝑥 + 12 = 0 yields 𝑥 = - 12. Adding 30 to both
sides of the equation 𝑥 - 30 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 30. Therefore, the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 are -12, 0 and 30, 0. Of
these two x-intercepts, only -12, 0 is given as a choice.

Question ID 635f54ee
ID: 635f54ee
The surface area of a cube is , where a is a positive constant. Which of

the following gives the perimeter of one face of the cube?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 635f54ee Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A cube has 6 faces of equal area, so if the total surface area of a cube is , then the area of
one face is . Likewise, the area of one face of a cube is the square of one of its edges; therefore, if the area of one
face is , then the length of one edge of the cube is . Since the perimeter of one face of a cube is four times the
length of one edge, the perimeter is .
Choice A is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is , then the total surface area of the cube is
, which is not . Choice C is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is 4a,
then the total surface area of the cube is , which is not . Choice D is incorrect because if the
perimeter of one face of the cube is 6a, then the total surface area of the cube is , which is not

Question ID 0980fcdd

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 0980fcdd
A solution to the given system of equations is . Which of the

following is a possible value of xy ?
A. 0
B. 6
C. 12
D. 36
ID: 0980fcdd Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Solutions to the given system of equations are ordered pairs that satisfy both equations in the
system. Adding the left-hand and right-hand sides of the equations in the system yields , or
. Subtracting y from both sides of this equation yields . Taking the square root of both sides of
this equation yields and . Therefore, there are two solutions to this system of equations, one with an x-
coordinate of 6 and the other with an x-coordinate of . Substituting 6 for x in the second equation yields
, or ; therefore, one solution is . Similarly, substituting for x in the second equation yields
, or ; therefore, the other solution is . It follows then that if is a solution to the
system, then possible values of are and . Only 0 is among the given choices.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the x-coordinate of one of the solutions, . Choice C is incorrect and may result from
conceptual or computational errors. Choice D is incorrect. This is the square of the x-coordinate of one of the solutions,
.

Question ID e1391dd6
ID: e1391dd6
According to Moore’s law, the number of transistors included on

microprocessors doubles every 2 years. In 1985, a microprocessor was
introduced that had 275,000 transistors. Based on this information, in which of
the following years does Moore’s law estimate the number of transistors to
reach 1.1 million?
A. 1987
B. 1989
C. 1991
D. 1994
ID: e1391dd6 Answer

Rationale
Choice B is correct. Let x be the number of years after 1985. It follows that represents the number of 2-year periods
that will occur within an x-year period. According to Moore’s law, every 2 years, the number of transistors included on
microprocessors is estimated to double. Therefore, x years after 1985, the number of transistors will double times.
Since the number of transistors included on a microprocessor was 275,000, or .275 million, in 1985, the estimated
number of transistors, in millions, included x years after 1985 can be modeled as . The year in which the
number of transistors is estimated to be 1.1 million is represented by the value of x when . Dividing
both sides of this equation by .275 yields , which can be rewritten as . Since the exponential equation
has equal bases on each side, it follows that the exponents must also be equal: . Multiplying both sides of the
equation by 2 yields . Therefore, according to Moore’s law, 4 years after 1985, or in 1989, the number of
transistors included on microprocessors is estimated to reach 1.1 million.
Alternate approach: According to Moore’s law, 2 years after 1985 (in 1987), the number of transistors included on a
microprocessor is estimated to be , or 550,000, and 2 years after 1987 (in 1989), the number of transistors
included on microprocessors is estimated to be , or 1,100,000. Therefore, the year that Moore’s law estimates
the number of transistors on microprocessors to reach 1.1 million is 1989.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. According to Moore’s law, the number of transistors included on microprocessors is
estimated to reach 550,000 in 1987, 2.2 million in 1991, and about 6.2 million in 1994.

Question ID 87a3de81

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 87a3de81
If a is a solution of the equation above and

, what is the value of a ?
ID: 87a3de81 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 3. The solution to the given equation can be found by factoring the quadratic expression. The
factors can be determined by finding two numbers with a sum of 1 and a product of . The two numbers that meet
these constraints are 4 and . Therefore, the given equation can be rewritten as . It follows that the
solutions to the equation are or . Since it is given that , a must equal 3.

Question ID 1697ffcf

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1697ffcf
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects the graph of at the

points and . What is the value of a ?
ID: 1697ffcf Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. The intersection points of the graphs of and can be found by solving the
system consisting of these two equations. To solve the system, substitute x for y in the first equation. This gives
. Subtracting x from both sides of the equation gives . Factoring out of each term on the
left-hand side of the equation gives . Therefore, the possible values for x are 0 and 5. Since , the two
intersection points are and . Therefore, .

Question ID 5bf0f84a
ID: 5bf0f84a
The function above models the height h, in feet, of an object above ground
t seconds after being launched straight up in the air. What does the number 72
represent in the function?
A. The initial height, in feet, of the object
B. The maximum height, in feet, of the object
C. The initial speed, in feet per second, of the object
D. The maximum speed, in feet per second, of the object
ID: 5bf0f84a Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The variable t represents the seconds after the object is launched. Since , this means that
the height, in feet, at 0 seconds, or the initial height, is 72 feet.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of misinterpreting the function in context.

Question ID 70ebd3d0
ID: 70ebd3d0
The function N defined above can be used to model the number of species of
brachiopods at various ocean depths d, where d is in hundreds of meters. Which
of the following does the model predict?
A. For every increase in depth by 1 meter, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 115.
B. For every increase in depth by 1 meter, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 10%.
C. For every increase in depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 115.
D. For every increase in depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 10%.
ID: 70ebd3d0 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The function N is exponential, so it follows that changes by a fixed percentage for each
increase in d by 1. Since d is measured in hundreds of meters, it also follows that the number of brachiopod species
changes by a fixed percentage for each increase in ocean depth by 100 meters. Since the base of the exponent in the
model is 0.90, which is less than 1, the number of brachiopod species decreases as the ocean depth increases.
Specifically, the number of brachiopod species at a depth of meters is 90% of the number of brachiopod species
at a depth of d meters. This means that for each increase in ocean depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod
species decreases by 10%.
Choices A and C are incorrect. These describe situations where the number of brachiopod species are decreasing linearly
rather than exponentially. Choice B is incorrect and results from interpreting the decrease in the number of brachiopod
species as 10% for every 1-meter increase in ocean depth rather than for every 100-meter increase in ocean depth.

Question ID de39858a
ID: de39858a
The function is defined by , where and are positive constants. The graph of in the -
plane passes through the points ( , ) and ( , ). What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: de39858a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that the function ℎ is defined by ℎ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 and that the graph of 𝑦 = ℎ ( 𝑥 ) in the xy-plane
325
passes through the points 0, 10 and -2, . Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 10 for ℎ𝑥 in the equation ℎ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 yields
36
325
10 = 𝑎0 + 𝑏, or 10 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from both sides of this equation yields 9 = 𝑏. Substituting -2 for 𝑥 and for ℎ𝑥 in
36
325 1
the equation ℎ ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 9 yields = 𝑎-2 + 9. Subtracting 9 from both sides of this equation yields = 𝑎-2 , which can
36 36
be rewritten as 𝑎2 = 36. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑎 = 6 and 𝑎 = - 6, but because it’s
given that 𝑎 is a positive constant, 𝑎 must equal 6. Because the value of 𝑎 is 6 and the value of 𝑏 is 9, the value of 𝑎𝑏 is
( 6 ) ( 9 ) , or 54.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from finding the value of 𝑎-2 𝑏 rather than the value of 𝑎𝑏.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from correctly finding the value of 𝑎 as 6, but multiplying it by the y-value in the first
ordered pair rather than by the value of 𝑏.

Question ID 2683b5db

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2683b5db
In a city, the property tax T, in dollars, is calculated using the formula above,
where P is the value of the property, in dollars. Which of the following expresses
the value of the property in terms of the property tax?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2683b5db Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. To express the value of the property in terms of the property tax, the given equation must be solved
for P. Multiplying both sides of the equation by 100 gives . Adding 40,000 to both sides of the
equation gives . Therefore, .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from multiplying 40,000 by 0.01, then subtracting 400 from, instead of adding 400 to,
the left-hand side of the equation. Choice B is incorrect and may result from multiplying 40,000 by 0.01. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from subtracting instead of adding 40,000 from the left-hand side of the equation.

Question ID 1178f2df
ID: 1178f2df
The table shows three values of and their corresponding values of , where and is a quadratic
function. What is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane?
ID: 1178f2df Answer

Correct Answer: -2112
Rationale
The correct answer is -2,112. It's given that 𝑓 is a quadratic function. It follows that 𝑓 can be defined by an equation of the
form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants. It's also given that the table shows three values of 𝑥 and their
2 2
corresponding values of 𝑦, where 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 for 𝑓𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 + 4. This
equation represents a quadratic relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦, where 𝑘 + 4 is either the maximum or the minimum value
of 𝑦, which occurs when 𝑥 = ℎ. For quadratic relationships between 𝑥 and 𝑦, the maximum or minimum value of 𝑦 occurs
at the value of 𝑥 halfway between any two values of 𝑥 that have the same corresponding value of 𝑦. The table shows that
x-values of 21 and 25 correspond to the same y-value, -8. Since 23 is halfway between 21 and 25, the maximum or
minimum value of 𝑦 occurs at an x-value of 23. The table shows that when 𝑥 = 23, 𝑦 = 8. It follows that ℎ = 23 and
𝑘 + 4 = 8. Subtracting 4 from both sides of the equation 𝑘 + 4 = 8 yields 𝑘 = 4. Substituting 23 for ℎ and 4 for 𝑘 in the
2
equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 + 4 yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 232 + 4 + 4, or 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 232 + 8. The value of 𝑎 can be found by substituting any
x-value and its corresponding y-value for 𝑥 and 𝑦, respectively, in this equation. Substituting 25 for 𝑥 and -8 for 𝑦 in this
equation yields -8 = 𝑎25 - 232 + 8, or -8 = 𝑎22 + 8. Subtracting 8 from both sides of this equation yields -16 = 𝑎22 , or
-16 = 4𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields -4 = 𝑎. Substituting -4 for 𝑎, 23 for ℎ, and 4 for 𝑘 in the equation
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 yields 𝑓𝑥 = - 4𝑥 - 232 + 4. The y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is the point on the graph
where 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = - 4𝑥 - 232 + 4 yields 𝑓0 = - 40 - 232 + 4, or 𝑓0 = - 4-232 + 4. This is
equivalent to 𝑓0 = - 2,112, so the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is 0, - 2,112. Thus, the y-coordinate of
the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is -2,112.

Question ID 97158b3a
ID: 97158b3a
The area A, in square centimeters, of a rectangular painting can be represented by the expression , where
is the width, in centimeters, of the painting. Which expression represents the length, in centimeters, of the painting?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 97158b3a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the expression 𝑤𝑤 + 29 represents the area, in square centimeters, of a rectangular
painting, where 𝑤 is the width, in centimeters, of the painting. The area of a rectangle can be calculated by multiplying its
length by its width. It follows that the length, in centimeters, of the painting is represented by the expression 𝑤 + 29.
Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the width, in centimeters, of the painting, not its length, in centimeters.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the difference between the length, in centimeters, and the width, in centimeters, of the
painting, not its length, in centimeters.
Choice D is incorrect. This expression represents the area, in square centimeters, of the painting, not its length, in
centimeters.

Question ID 84e8cc72
ID: 84e8cc72
A quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after the
object is launched off an elevated surface. The model indicates the object has an initial height of feet above the
ground and reaches its maximum height of feet above the ground seconds after being launched. Based on the
model, what is the height, in feet, of the object above the ground seconds after being launched?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 84e8cc72 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms
of the time, in seconds, after the object is launched off an elevated surface. This quadratic function can be defined by an
2
equation of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑓𝑥 is the height of the object 𝑥 seconds after it was launched, and 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘
are constants such that the function reaches its maximum value, 𝑘, when 𝑥 = ℎ. Since the model indicates the object
reaches its maximum height of 1,034 feet above the ground 8 seconds after being launched, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its maximum
value, 1,034, when 𝑥 = 8. Therefore, 𝑘 = 1,034 and ℎ = 8. Substituting 8 for ℎ and 1,034 for 𝑘 in the function
2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 82 + 1,034. Since the model indicates the object has an initial height of 10 feet above the
ground, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is 10 when 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 10 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 82 + 1,034 yields
10 = 𝑎0 - 82 + 1,034, or 10 = 64𝑎 + 1,034. Subtracting 1,034 from both sides of this equation yields 64𝑎 = - 1,024. Dividing
both sides of this equation by 64 yields 𝑎 = - 16. Therefore, the model can be represented by the equation
𝑓𝑥 = - 16𝑥 - 82 + 1,034. Substituting 10 for 𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑓10 = - 1610 - 82 + 1,034, or 𝑓10 = 970. Therefore,
based on the model, 10 seconds after being launched, the height of the object above the ground is 970 feet.

Question ID 12e7faf8

expressions
ID: 12e7faf8
The equation is true for all , where a and d

are integers. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C. 0
D. 1
ID: 12e7faf8 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Since the expression can be factored as , the given equation can be
rewritten as . Since , is also not equal to 0, so both the numerator and
denominator of can be divided by . This gives . Equating the coefficient of x on each

side of the equation gives . Equating the constant terms gives . The sum is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from incorrectly simplifying the equation. Choices B and D are incorrect. They are
the values of d and a, respectively, not .

Question ID 89fc23af

expressions
ID: 89fc23af
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 89fc23af Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The numerator of the given expression can be rewritten in terms of the denominator, , as
follows: , which is equivalent to . So the given expression is
equivalent to . Since the given expression is defined for , the
expression can be rewritten as .
Long division can also be used as an alternate approach. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from errors
made when dividing the two polynomials or making use of structure.

Question ID c3a72da5

expressions
ID: c3a72da5
Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of

and ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c3a72da5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Adding the two expressions yields . Because the pair of terms and
and the pair of terms and each contain the same variable raised to the same power, they are like terms and can
be combined as and , respectively. The sum of the given expressions therefore simplifies to .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from adding the coefficients and the exponents in the given expressions. Choice B is
incorrect and may result from adding the exponents as well as the coefficients of the like terms in the given expressions.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from multiplying, rather than adding, the coefficients of the like terms in the given
expressions.


expressions
ID: 911c415b
The expression above can be written in the form , where a and b are
constants. What is the value of ?
ID: 911c415b Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 6632. Applying the distributive property to the expression yields
. Then adding together and and collecting like terms
results in . This is written in the form , where and . Therefore

.

Question ID dba7432e
ID: dba7432e
x f(x)
0 5
The table above gives the values of the function f for some values of x. Which
of the following equations could define f ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: dba7432e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Each choice has a function with coefficient 5 and base 2, so the exponents must be analyzed. When
the input value of x increases, the output value of f(x) decreases, so the exponent must be negative. An exponent of –x
yields the values in the table: , , , and .
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from choosing equations that yield an increasing, rather than decreasing,
output value of f(x) when the input value of x increases. Choice C is incorrect and may result from choosing an equation
that doesn’t yield the values in the table.

Question ID 16de54c7

expressions
ID: 16de54c7
If the given expression is rewritten in the form , where k

is a constant, what is the value of k ?
ID: 16de54c7 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 4. It’s given that can be rewritten as ; it follows that
. Expanding the left-hand side of this equation yields
. Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields

. Using properties of equality, and . Either equation can be solved
for k. Dividing both sides of by yields . The equation can be rewritten as
. It follows that . Solving this equation for k also yields . Therefore, the value of k is 4.

Question ID 2f958af9

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2f958af9
The formula above expresses the square of the speed v of a wave moving along
a string in terms of tension T, mass m, and length L of the string. What is T in
terms of m, v, and L ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2f958af9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. To write the formula as T in terms of m, v, and L means to isolate T on one side of the equation. First,
multiply both sides of the equation by m, which gives , which simplifies to mv2 = LT. Next, divide both sides
of the equation by L, which gives , which simplifies to .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly applying operations to each side of the equation.

Question ID d9137a84

expressions
ID: d9137a84
Which expression represents the product of and ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d9137a84 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The product of 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑧5 and 𝑥4 𝑧5 + 𝑦8 𝑧-7 can be represented by the expression 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑧5 𝑥4 𝑧5 + 𝑦8 𝑧-7 .
Applying the distributive property to this expression yields 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑧5 𝑥4 𝑧5 + 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑧5 𝑦8 𝑧-7 , or 𝑥-6 𝑥4 𝑦3 𝑧5 𝑧5 + 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑦8 𝑧5 𝑧-7 . This
expression is equivalent to 𝑥-6 + 4 𝑦3 𝑧5 + 5 + 𝑥-6 𝑦3 + 8 𝑧5 - 7 , or 𝑥-2 𝑦3 𝑧10 + 𝑥-6 𝑦11 𝑧-2 .

Question ID 876a731c

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 876a731c
If (x, y) is a solution of the system of equations above and

x > 0, what is the value of xy ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 9
ID: 876a731c Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Substituting for y in the second equation gives . This equation can be solved
as follows:
Apply the distributive property.
Subtract 2x and 6 from both sides of the equation.
Combine like terms.
Factor both terms on the left side of the equation

by 2x.
Thus, and are the solutions to the system. Since , only needs to be considered. The value of y
when is . Therefore, the value of xy is .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and likely result from a computational or conceptual error when solving this system of
equations.

Question ID f89e1d6f

expressions
ID: f89e1d6f
If , which of the following is equivalent to the
expression ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f89e1d6f Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Factoring –1 from the second, third, and fourth terms gives x2 – c2 – 2cd – d2 = x2 – (c2 + 2cd + d2).
The expression c2 + 2cd + d2 is the expanded form of a perfect square: c2 + 2cd + d2 = (c + d)2. Therefore, x2 – (c2 + 2cd
+ d2) = x2 – (c + d)2. Since a = c + d, x2 – (c + d)2 = x2 – a2. Finally, because x2 – a2 is the difference of squares, it can be
expanded as x2 – a2 = (x + a)(x – a).
Choices A and B are incorrect and may be the result of making an error in factoring the difference of squares x2 – a2.
Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly combining terms.

Question ID 4b642eef
ID: 4b642eef
The total distance d, in meters, traveled by an object moving in a straight line can
be modeled by a quadratic function that is defined in terms of t, where t is the
time in seconds. At a time of 10.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the
object is 50.0 meters, and at a time of 20.0 seconds, the total distance traveled
by the object is 200.0 meters. If the object was at a distance of 0 meters when
, then what is the total distance traveled, in meters, by the object after 30.0
seconds?
ID: 4b642eef Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 450. The quadratic equation that models this situation can be written in the form ,
where a, b, and c are constants. It’s given that the distance, d, the object traveled was 0 meters when seconds.
These values can be substituted into the equation to solve for a, b, and c: . Therefore, , and it
follows that . Since it’s also given that d is 50 when t is 10 and d is 200 when t is 20, these values for d and t
can be substituted to create a system of two linear equations: and , or
and . Subtracting the first equation from the second equation yields , or .
Substituting for a in the first equation and solving for b yields . Therefore, the equation that represents this
situation is . Evaluating this function when seconds yields , or meters.

Question ID 3e9cc0c2

expressions
ID: 3e9cc0c2

?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 3e9cc0c2 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Multiplying (1 – p) by each term of the polynomial within the second pair of parentheses gives (1 –
p)1 = 1 – p; (1 – p)p = p – p2; (1 – p)p2 = p2 – p3; (1 – p)p3 = p3 – p4; (1 – p)p4 = p4 – p5; (1 – p)p5 = p5 – p6; and (1 –
p)p6 = p6 – p7. Adding these seven expressions together and combining like terms gives 1 + (p – p) + (p2 – p2) + (p3 –
p3) + (p4 – p4) + (p5 – p5) + (p6 – p6) – p7, which can be simplified to 1 – p7.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly identifying the highest power of p in the expressions or
incorrectly combining like terms.

Question ID 2c5c22d0

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2c5c22d0
How many solutions are there to the

system of equations above?
A. There are exactly 4 solutions.
B. There are exactly 2 solutions.
C. There is exactly 1 solution.
D. There are no solutions.
ID: 2c5c22d0 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The second equation of the system can be rewritten as . Substituting for y in the
first equation gives . This equation can be solved as shown below:
Substituting 1 for x in the equation gives . Therefore, is the only solution to the system of
equations.
Choice A is incorrect. In the xy-plane, a parabola and a line can intersect at no more than two points. Since the graph of
the first equation is a parabola and the graph of the second equation is a line, the system cannot have more than 2
solutions. Choice B is incorrect. There is a single ordered pair that satisfies both equations of the system. Choice D
is incorrect because the ordered pair satisfies both equations of the system.


expressions
ID: 7348f046

the given expression?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7348f046 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Distributing the negative sign to the terms in the second parentheses yields . This
expression can be rewritten as . Combining like terms results in .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from not distributing the negative sign to the 7. Choice B is incorrect and may result
from adding to instead of subtracting . Choice D is incorrect and may result from adding the
product of and x to the product of 3 and 7.


in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 928498f3
What are the solutions to the

given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 928498f3 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The quadratic formula, , can be used to find the solutions to an equation in
the form . In the given equation, , , and . Substituting these values into the
quadratic formula gives , or .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from using as the quadratic formula. Choice C is incorrect and
may result from using as the quadratic formula. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using
as the quadratic formula.

Question ID b47419f4

expressions
ID: b47419f4

A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b47419f4 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. By distributing the minus sign through the expression , the given expression can be
rewritten as , which is equivalent to . Combining like terms gives
, or .
Choice B is incorrect and may be the result of failing to distribute the minus sign appropriately through the second term
and simplifying the expression . Choice C is incorrect and may be the result of multiplying the
expressions and . Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of multiplying the expressions
and .

Question ID fc3dfa26

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fc3dfa26
What value of x satisfies the

equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D. 3
ID: fc3dfa26 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Each fraction in the given equation can be expressed with the common denominator .
Multiplying by yields , and multiplying by yields . Therefore, the given
equation can be written as . Multiplying each fraction by the denominator results in the
equation , or . This equation can be solved by setting a quadratic expression
equal to 0, then solving for x. Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . The expression
can be factored, resulting in the equation . By the zero product property, or

. To solve for x in , 1 can be added to both sides of the equation, resulting in . Dividing both
sides of this equation by 2 results in . Solving for x in yields . However, this value of x would
result in the second fraction of the original equation having a denominator of 0. Therefore, is an extraneous
solution. Thus, the only value of x that satisfies the given equation is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from solving but not realizing that this solution is extraneous because it
would result in a denominator of 0 in the second fraction. Choice B is incorrect and may result from a sign error when
solving for x. Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.


expressions
ID: 8838a672
Which of the following expressions is equivalent

to the expression above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 8838a672 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Using the distributive property, the given expression can be rewritten as
. Combining like terms, this expression can be rewritten as
, which is equivalent to .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from an error when applying the distributive property or an error when

Question ID 9f2ecade
ID: 9f2ecade
The function h is defined above, where a, b, and c are integer constants. If the
zeros of the function are 6, and 7, what is the value of c ?
ID: 9f2ecade Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 210. Since , 6, and 7 are zeros of the function, the function can be rewritten as
. Expanding the function yields . Thus, , , and

. Therefore, the value of c is 210.

Question ID 0b3d25c5

expressions
ID: 0b3d25c5
, where ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0b3d25c5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The given expression can also be written as . The trinomial can be
rewritten in factored form as . Thus, the entire expression can be rewritten as . Simplifying the
exponents yields .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from errors made when simplifying the exponents in the expression

Question ID e117d3b8

expressions
ID: e117d3b8
If a and c are positive numbers, which of the following is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e117d3b8 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Using the property that for positive numbers x and y, with x = (a + c)3 and y = a + c, it
follows that . By rewriting (a + c)4 as ((a + c)2)2, it is possible to simplify the square
root expression as follows: .
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of . Choice B is incorrect and may be the result of
incorrectly rewriting (a + c)2 as a2 + c2. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly applying properties of
exponents.

Question ID 6f5540a5
ID: 6f5540a5
Kao measured the temperature of a cup of hot chocolate placed in a room with a
constant temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). The temperature of the hot
chocolate was 185°F at 6:00 p.m. when it started cooling. The temperature of
the hot chocolate was 156°F at 6:05 p.m. and 135°F at 6:10 p.m. The hot
chocolate’s temperature continued to decrease. Of the following functions,
which best models the temperature , in degrees Fahrenheit, of Kao’s hot
chocolate m minutes after it started cooling?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6f5540a5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The hot chocolate cools from 185°F over time, never going lower than the room temperature, 70°F.
Since the base of the exponent in this function, 0.75, is less than 1, decreases as time increases. Using the
function, the temperature, in °F, at 6:00 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to . The
temperature, in °F, at 6:05 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which is approximately
156°F. Finally, the temperature, in °F, at 6:10 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which is
approximately 135°F. Since these three given values of m and their corresponding values for can be verified using
the function , this is the best function out of the given choices to model the temperature of
Kao’s hot chocolate after m minutes.
Choice A is incorrect because the base of the exponent, , results in the value of increasing over time rather
than decreasing. Choice B is incorrect because when m is large enough, becomes less than 70. Choice C is
incorrect because the maximum value of at 6:00 p.m. is 115°F, not 185°F.

Question ID f5e8ccf1
ID: f5e8ccf1
The function f is defined above. Which of the following is NOT an x-intercept of

the graph of the function in the xy-plane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f5e8ccf1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The graph of the function f in the xy-plane has x-intercepts at the points , where .
Substituting 0 for in the given equation yields . By the zero product property, if
, then , , or . Solving each of these linear equations for x, it
follows that , , and , respectively. This means that the graph of the function f in the xy-plane has
three x-intercepts: , , and . Therefore, isn’t an x-intercept of the graph of the function f.
Alternate approach: Substitution may be used. Since by definition an x-intercept of any graph is a point in the form
where k is a constant, and since all points in the options are in this form, it need only be checked whether the points in
the options lie on the graph of the function f. Substituting for x and 0 for in the given equation yields
, or . Therefore, the point doesn’t lie on the graph of the

function f and can’t be an x-intercept of the graph.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each of these points is an x-intercept of the graph of the function f in the xy-
plane. By definition, an x-intercept is a point on the graph of the form , where k is a constant. Substituting for x
and 0 for in the given equation yields , or . Since this is a true statement, the
point lies on the graph of the function f and is an x-intercept of the graph. Performing similar substitution using
the points and also yields the true statement , illustrating that these points also lie on the graph of the
function f and are x-intercepts of the graph.

Question ID b73ee6cf
ID: b73ee6cf
The population of a town is currently 50,000, and the population is estimated to

increase each year by 3% from the previous year. Which of the following
equations can be used to estimate the number of years, t, it will take for the
population of the town to reach 60,000 ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b73ee6cf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Stating that the population will increase each year by 3% from the previous year is equivalent to
saying that the population each year will be 103% of the population the year before. Since the initial population is 50,000,
the population after t years is given by 50,000(1.03)t. It follows that the equation 60,000 = 50,000(1.03)t can be used to
estimate the number of years it will take for the population to reach 60,000.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation models how long it will take the population to decrease from 60,000 to 50,000, which
is impossible given the growth factor. Choice B is incorrect and may result from misinterpreting a 3% growth as growth
by a factor of 3. Additionally, this equation attempts to model how long it will take the population to decrease from
60,000 to 50,000. Choice C is incorrect and may result from misunderstanding how to model percent growth by
multiplying the initial amount by a factor greater than 1.

Question ID 7eed640d
ID: 7eed640d
The quadratic function above models the height above the ground h, in feet, of a
projectile x seconds after it had been launched vertically. If is graphed
in the xy-plane, which of the following represents the real-life meaning of the
positive x-intercept of the graph?
A. The initial height of the projectile
B. The maximum height of the projectile
C. The time at which the projectile reaches its maximum height
D. The time at which the projectile hits the ground
ID: 7eed640d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The positive x-intercept of the graph of is a point for which . Since
models the height above the ground, in feet, of the projectile, a y-value of 0 must correspond to the height of the projectile
when it is 0 feet above ground or, in other words, when the projectile is on the ground. Since x represents the time since
the projectile was launched, it follows that the positive x-intercept, , represents the time at which the projectile hits
the ground.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from misidentifying the y-intercept as a positive x-intercept. Choice B is incorrect
and may result from misidentifying the y-value of the vertex of the graph of the function as an x-intercept. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from misidentifying the x-value of the vertex of the graph of the function as an x-intercept.

Question ID 2d2ab76b

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2d2ab76b
When the equations above are graphed in the xy-plane, what are the coordinates
(x, y) of the points of intersection of the two graphs?
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
ID: 2d2ab76b Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The two equations form a system of equations, and the solutions to the system correspond to the
points of intersection of the graphs. The solutions to the system can be found by substitution. Since the second equation
gives y = 3, substituting 3 for y in the first equation gives 3 = x2 – 1. Adding 1 to both sides of the equation gives 4 = x2.
Solving by taking the square root of both sides of the equation gives x = ±2. Since y = 3 for all values of x for the second
equation, the solutions are (2, 3) and (–2, 3). Therefore, the points of intersection of the two graphs are (2, 3) and (–2, 3).
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of calculation errors.

Question ID 43926bd9
ID: 43926bd9
For the exponential function f, the table above shows several values of x and their corresponding values of ,
where a is a constant greater than 1. If k is a constant and , what is the value of k ?
ID: 43926bd9 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. The values of for the exponential function f shown in the table increase by a factor of
for each increase of 1 in x. This relationship can be represented by the equation , where b is a constant. It’s
given that when , . Substituting 2 for x and for into yields . Since
, it follows that . Thus, an equation that defines the function f is . It follows that the
value of k such that can be found by solving the equation , which yields .

Question ID c602140f

expressions
ID: c602140f

A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c602140f Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Expanding all terms yields (x – 11y)(2x – 3y) – 12y(–2x + 3y), which is equivalent to 2x2 – 22xy – 3xy
+ 33y2 + 24xy – 36y2. Combining like terms gives 2x2 – xy – 3y2.
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of using the sums of the coefficients of the existing x and y terms as the
coefficients of the x and y terms in the new expressions. Choice C is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly
combining like terms. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of using the incorrect sign in front of the 12y term.

Question ID a7711fe8
ID: a7711fe8
What is the minimum value of the function f

defined by ?
A.
B.
C. 2
D. 4
ID: a7711fe8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given quadratic function f is in vertex form, , where is the vertex of the
graph of in the xy-plane. Therefore, the vertex of the graph of is . In addition, the y-coordinate
of the vertex represents either the minimum or maximum value of a quadratic function, depending on whether the graph
of the function opens upward or downward. Since the leading coefficient of f (the coefficient of the term ) is 1,
which is positive, the graph of opens upward. It follows that at , the minimum value of the function f is
.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from making a sign error and from using the x-coordinate of the vertex. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from using the x-coordinate of the vertex. Choice D is incorrect and may result from making a
sign error.

Question ID 3b4b8831

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 3b4b8831
What is the negative solution to the given equation?
ID: 3b4b8831 Answer

Correct Answer: -3
Rationale
The correct answer is -3. Dividing both sides of the given equation by 38 yields 𝑥2 = 9. Taking the square root of both
sides of this equation yields the solutions 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑥 = - 3. Therefore, the negative solution to the given equation is -3.

Question ID f5247e52

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f5247e52
In the equation above, a and c are positive constants. How many times does the
graph of the equation above intersect the graph of the equation in the
xy-plane?
A. Zero
B. One
C. Two
D. More than two
ID: f5247e52 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It is given that the constants a and c are both positive; therefore, the graph of the given quadratic
equation is a parabola that opens up with a vertex on the y-axis at a point below the x-axis. The graph of the second
equation provided is a horizontal line that lies above the x-axis. A horizontal line above the x-axis will intersect a parabola
that opens up and has a vertex below the x-axis in exactly two points.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and are the result of not understanding the relationships of the graphs of the two
equations given. Choice A is incorrect because the two graphs intersect. Choice B is incorrect because in order for there
to be only one intersection point, the horizontal line would have to intersect the parabola at the vertex, but the vertex is
below the x-axis and the line is above the x-axis. Choice D is incorrect because a line cannot intersect a parabola in more
than two points.

Question ID 1a722d7d
ID: 1a722d7d
Let the function p be defined as , where c is a constant.

If , what is the value of ?
A. 10.00
B. 10.25
C. 10.75
D. 11.00
ID: 1a722d7d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The value of p(12) depends on the value of the constant c, so the value of c must first be determined.
It is given that p(c) = 10. Based on the definition of p, it follows that:
This means that for all values of x. Therefore:
Choice A is incorrect. It is the value of p(8), not p(12). Choices B and C are incorrect. If one of these values were correct,
then x = 12 and the selected value of p(12) could be substituted into the equation to solve for c. However, the values of c
that result from choices B and C each result in p(c) < 10.

Question ID 5c00c2c1
ID: 5c00c2c1
There were no jackrabbits in Australia before 1788 when 24 jackrabbits were

introduced. By 1920 the population of jackrabbits had reached 10 billion. If the
population had grown exponentially, this would correspond to a 16.2% increase,
on average, in the population each year. Which of the following functions best
models the population of jackrabbits t years after 1788?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 5c00c2c1 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. This exponential growth model can be written in the form , where is the
population t years after 1788, A is the initial population, and r is the yearly growth rate, expressed as a decimal. Since
there were 24 jackrabbits in Australia in 1788, . Since the number of jackrabbits increased by an average of 16.2%
each year, . Therefore, the equation that best models this situation is .
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from misinterpreting the form of an exponential growth model.

Question ID 58b109d4

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 58b109d4
The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?
ID: 58b109d4 Answer

Correct Answer: -10
Rationale
The correct answer is -10. Adding 𝑦 to both sides of the second equation in the given system yields 20𝑥 + 100 = 𝑦.
Substituting 20𝑥 + 100 for 𝑦 in the first equation in the given system yields 𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 100 + 7 = 7. Subtracting 7 from both
sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 100 = 0. Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields 𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 10 = 0, or
𝑥 + 102 = 0. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 + 10 = 0. Subtracting 10 from both sides of this
equation yields 𝑥 = - 10. Therefore, the value of 𝑥 is -10.

Question ID 85939da5
SAT Math Problem-Solving Inference from

and Data Analysis sample statistics
and margin of error
ID: 85939da5
Texting Talks on cell Does not talk on

behavior phone daily cell phone daily Total
Light 110 146 256
Medium 139 164 303
Heavy 166 74 240
Total 415 384 799
In a study of cell phone use, 799 randomly selected US teens were asked how
often they talked on a cell phone and about their texting behavior. The data are
summarized in the table above. Based on the data from the study, an estimate of
the percent of US teens who are heavy texters is 30% and the associated margin
of error is 3%. Which of the following is a correct statement based on the given
margin of error?
A. Approximately 3% of the teens in the study who are classified as heavy texters are not really heavy texters.
B. It is not possible that the percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is less than 27%.
C. The percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is 33%.
D. It is doubtful that the percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is 35%.
ID: 85939da5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The given margin of error of 3% indicates that the actual percent of all US teens who are heavy
texters is likely within 3% of the estimate of 30%, or between 27% and 33%. Therefore, it is unlikely, or doubtful, that the
percent of all US teens who are heavy texters would be 35%.
Choice A is incorrect. The margin of error doesn’t provide any information about the accuracy of reporting in the study.
Choice B is incorrect. Based on the estimate and given margin of error, it is unlikely that the percent of all US teens who
are heavy texters would be less than 27%, but it is possible. Choice C is incorrect. While the percent of all US teens who
are heavy texters is likely between 27% and 33%, any value within this interval is equally likely. We can’t be certain that the
value is exactly 33%.

Question ID e29586d5
SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability
ID: e29586d5
Number of Contestants by Score and Day

5 out 4 out 3 out 2 out 1 out 0 out
Total
of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5
Day
2 3 4 6 2 3 20
1
Day
2 3 5 5 4 1 20
2
Day
3 3 4 5 3 2 20
3
Total 7 9 13 16 9 6 60
The same 20 contestants, on each of 3 days, answered 5 questions in order to win a prize. Each contestant received 1
point for each correct answer. The number of contestants receiving a given score on each day is shown in the table
above.
No contestant received the same score on two different days. If a contestant is
selected at random, what is the probability that the selected contestant received
a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a score of 5 on
one of the three days?
ID: e29586d5 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . It is given that no contestant received the same score on two different days, so each of the
contestants who received a score of 5 is represented in the “5 out of 5” column of the table exactly once. Therefore, the
probability of selecting a contestant who received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a
score of 5 on one of the three days, is found by dividing the total number of contestants who received a score of 5 on Day
2 or Day 3 by the total number of contestants who received a score of 5, which is given in the table as 7. So
the probability is . Note that 5/7, .7142, .7143, and 0.714 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis
ID: 954943a4
Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The nutrition facts on the box
state that a serving size of the cereal is cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of
which are calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal provides 180
milligrams of potassium, which is 5% of the daily allowance for adults. If p
percent of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium is provided by x servings of
Crunchy Grain cereal per day, which of the following expresses p in terms of x ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 954943a4 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that each serving of Crunchy Grain cereal provides 5% of an adult’s daily allowance of
potassium, so x servings would provide x times 5%. The percentage of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium, p, is 5
times the number of servings, x. Therefore, the percentage of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium can be expressed
as .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly converting 5% to its decimal equivalent, which isn’t
necessary since p is expressed as a percentage. Additionally, choices C and D are incorrect because the context should
be represented by a linear relationship, not by an exponential relationship.

Question ID b1b5300b

probability
ID: b1b5300b
Prices of 14 Different Cars
Priced at no more Priced greater
Type of car Total
than $25,000 than $25,000
Nonhybrid 5 3 8
Hybrid 2 4 6
Total 7 7 14
The table above shows information about 14 cars listed for sale on an auto dealership’s website. If one of
the cars listed for sale is selected at random, what is the probability that the car selected will be a hybrid
car priced at no more than $25,000 ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b1b5300b Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that there are 2 hybrid cars priced at no more than $25,000. It’s also given that there are 14
cars total for sale. Therefore, the probability of selecting a hybrid priced at no more than $25,000 when one car is chosen
at random is .
Choice B is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a hybrid car priced greater than $25,000 when choosing one car
at random. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability, when choosing randomly from only the hybrid cars, of selecting
one priced at no more than $25,000. Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a hybrid car when selecting
at random from only the cars priced greater than $25,000.
Question ID d28c29e1
SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units
ID: d28c29e1
The International Space Station orbits Earth at an average speed of 4.76 miles
per second. What is the space station’s average speed in miles per hour?
A. 285.6
B. 571.2
C. 856.8
D. 17,136.0
ID: d28c29e1 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since 1 minute = 60 seconds and 1 hour = 60 minutes, it follows that 1 hour = (60)(60), or 3,600
seconds. Using this conversion factor, the space station’s average speed of 4.76 miles per second is equal to an average
speed of , or 17,136 miles per hour.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the space station’s average speed in miles per minute. Choice B is incorrect. This is double
the space station’s average speed in miles per minute, or the number of miles the space station travels on average in 2
minutes. Choice C is incorrect. This is triple the space station’s average speed in miles per minute, or the number of miles
the space station travels on average in 3 minutes.

Question ID 1adb39f0
SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots
ID: 1adb39f0
The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, x and y. A line of
best fit for the data is also shown. Which of the following is closest to the
difference between the y-coordinate of the data point with and the y-value
predicted by the line of best fit at ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 12
ID: 1adb39f0 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The data point with has a y-coordinate of 12. The y-value predicted by the line of best fit at
is approximately 11. The difference between the y-coordinate of the data point and the y-value predicted by the line
of best fit at is , or 1.
Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly reading the scatterplot. Choice D is incorrect. This is the y-
coordinate of the data point at .

Question ID b4912cc5

relationships, and
units
ID: b4912cc5
The population density of Iceland, in people per square kilometer of land area,
increased from 2.5 in 1990 to 3.3 in 2014. During this time period, the land area
of Iceland was 100,250 square kilometers. By how many people did Iceland’s
population increase from 1990 to 2014?
A. 330,825
B. 132,330
C. 125,312
D. 80,200
ID: b4912cc5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The increase in Iceland’s population can be found by multiplying the increase in population density, in
people per square kilometer, by the area, in square kilometers. It’s given that the population density of Iceland was 2.5
people per square kilometer in 1990 and 3.3 people per square kilometer in 2014. The increase in population density can
be found by subtracting 2.5 from 3.3, which yields 0.8. It’s given that the land area of Iceland was 100,250 square
kilometers. Thus, the increase in population is , or 80,200.
Alternate approach: It’s given that the population density of Iceland, in people per square kilometer of land area, in 1990
was 2.5. Since the land area of Iceland was 100,250 square kilometers, it follows that the population of Iceland in 1990
was , or 250,625. Similarly, the population of Iceland in 2014 was , or 330,825. The
population increase is the difference in the population from 1990 to 2014, or , which yields 80,200.
Therefore, Iceland’s population increased by 80,200 from 1990 to 2014.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the population of Iceland in 2014. Choice B is incorrect and may result from dividing 3.3 by
2.5, instead of subtracting 2.5 from 3.3. Choice C is incorrect and may result from dividing the population of Iceland in
1990 by 2.

Question ID c7e73ece

and margin of error
ID: c7e73ece
Views on Nuclear Energy
Use
Response Frequency
Strongly
56
favor
Somewhat
214
favor
Somewhat
104
oppose
Strongly
37
oppose
A researcher interviewed 411 randomly selected US residents and asked about their views on the use of nuclear energy.
The table above summarizes the responses of the interviewees. If the population of the United States was 300 million
when the survey was given, based on the sample data for the 411 US residents, what is the best estimate, in millions, of
the difference between the number of US residents who somewhat favor or strongly favor the use of nuclear energy and
the number of those who somewhat oppose or strongly oppose it? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)
ID: c7e73ece Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 94. Of those interviewed, “strongly favor” or “somewhat favor” the use of nuclear
energy, and interviewees “somewhat oppose” or “strongly oppose” the use of nuclear energy. The
difference between the sizes of the two surveyed groups is . The proportion of this difference among
the entire group of interviewees is . Because the sample of interviewees was selected at random from US
residents, it is reasonable to assume that the proportion of this difference is the same among all US residents as in the
sample. Therefore, the best estimate, in millions, of the difference between the number of US residents who somewhat
favor or strongly favor the use of nuclear energy and the number of those who somewhat oppose or strongly oppose it is
, which to the nearest million is 94.


and Data Analysis
ID: 65c49824
A school district is forming a committee to discuss plans for the construction of

a new high school. Of those invited to join the committee, 15% are parents of
students, 45% are teachers from the current high school, 25% are school and
district administrators, and the remaining 6 individuals are students. How many
more teachers were invited to join the committee than school and district
administrators?
ID: 65c49824 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. The 6 students represent of those invited to join the
committee. If x people were invited to join the committee, then . Thus, there were people invited
to join the committee. It follows that there were teachers and school and district
administrators invited to join the committee. Therefore, there were 8 more teachers than school and district
administrators invited to join the committee.

Question ID 1ea09200
SAT Math Problem-Solving Evaluating

and Data Analysis statistical claims:
Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 1ea09200
A sample of 40 fourth-grade students was selected at random from a certain

school. The 40 students completed a survey about the morning announcements,
and 32 thought the announcements were helpful. Which of the following is the
largest population to which the results of the survey can be applied?
A. The 40 students who were surveyed
B. All fourth-grade students at the school
C. All students at the school
D. All fourth-grade students in the county in which the school is located
ID: 1ea09200 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Selecting a sample of a reasonable size at random to use for a survey allows the results from that
survey to be applied to the population from which the sample was selected, but not beyond this population. In this case,
the population from which the sample was selected is all fourth-grade students at a certain school. Therefore, the results
of the survey can be applied to all fourth-grade students at the school.
Choice A is incorrect. The results of the survey can be applied to the 40 students who were surveyed. However, this isn’t
the largest group to which the results of the survey can be applied. Choices C and D are incorrect. Since the sample was
selected at random from among the fourth-grade students at a certain school, the results of the survey can’t be applied
to other students at the school or to other fourth-grade students who weren’t represented in the survey results. Students
in other grades in the school or other fourth-grade students in the country may feel differently about announcements
than the fourth-grade students at the school.

Question ID 37930b2a

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 37930b2a
Residents of a town were surveyed to determine whether they are satisfied with
the concession stand at the local park. A random sample of 200 residents was
selected. All 200 responded, and 87% said they are satisfied. Based on this
information, which of the following statements must be true?
I. Of all the town residents, 87% would say they are satisfied with the concession stand at the local park.
II. If another random sample of 200 residents were surveyed, 87% would say they are satisfied.
A. Neither
B. I only
C. II only
D. I and II
ID: 37930b2a Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The purpose of surveying a random sample of residents is to approximate the percent of the town
residents that are satisfied with the concession stand. The sample doesn’t necessarily get the same result as surveying
every resident of the town, nor would another sample necessarily have identical results. Therefore, although it’s possible
that either statement I or statement II could prove true by surveying every resident of the town, these statements cannot
be proven true solely based on the results of the sample.
Choice B is incorrect because surveying a sample of the town residents may not have the same result as surveying all the
town residents. Choices C and D are incorrect because surveying a different sample of residents could yield different
results.

Question ID 4c774b00
SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread
ID: 4c774b00
Ages of 20 Students Enrolled in a College Class
Age Frequency
18 6
19 5
20 4
21 2
22 1
23 1
30 1
The table above shows the distribution of ages of the 20 students enrolled in a
college class. Which of the following gives the correct order of the mean,
median, and mode of the ages?
A. mode < median < mean
B. mode < mean < median
C. median < mode < mean
D. mean < mode < median
ID: 4c774b00 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The mode is the data value with the highest frequency. So for the data shown, the mode is 18. The
median is the middle data value when the data values are sorted from least to greatest. Since there are 20 ages ordered,
the median is the average of the two middle values, the 10th and 11th, which for these data are both 19. Therefore, the
median is 19. The mean is the sum of the data values divided by the number of the data values. So for these data, the
mean is .
Since the mode is 18, the median is 19, and the mean is 20, .
Choices B and D are incorrect because the mean is greater than the median. Choice C is incorrect because the median is
greater than the mode.
Alternate approach: After determining the mode, 18, and the median, 19, it remains to determine whether the mean is
less than 19 or more than 19. Because the mean is a balancing point, there is as much deviation below the mean as
above the mean. It is possible to compare the data to 19 to determine the balance of deviation above and below the
mean. There is a total deviation of only 6 below 19 (the 6 values of 18); however, the data value 30 alone deviates by 11
above 19. Thus the mean must be greater than 19.

Question ID e1ad3d41

probability
ID: e1ad3d41
Eye color
Coat color
Deep blue Light brown Total
Cream-tortoiseshell 16 16 32
Chocolate 12 4 16
Total 28 20 48
The data on the coat color and eye color for 48 Himalayan kittens available for
adoption were collected and summarized in the table above. What fraction of the
chocolate-colored kittens has deep blue eyes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e1ad3d41 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The table shows that there are a total of 16 kittens that have a chocolate-colored coat. Of the 16 with
a chocolate-colored coat, 12 have deep blue eyes. Therefore, the fraction of chocolate-colored kittens with deep blue
eyes is simply the ratio of those two numbers, or .
Choice A is incorrect; this is the fraction of all chocolate-colored kittens. Choice B is incorrect; this is the fraction of
kittens with deep blue eyes that have a chocolate-colored coat. Choice C is incorrect; this is the fraction of cream-
tortoiseshell-colored kittens with deep blue eyes.

Question ID 0ea56bb2

and Data Analysis
ID: 0ea56bb2
Subscriptions
Year
sold
2012 5,600
2013 5,880
The manager of an online news service received the report above on the number
of subscriptions sold by the service. The manager estimated that the percent
increase from 2012 to 2013 would be double the percent increase from 2013 to
2014. How many subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold in 2014?
A. 6,020
B. 6,027
C. 6,440
D. 6,468
ID: 0ea56bb2 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The percent increase from 2012 to 2013 was , or 5%. Since the percent
increase from 2012 to 2013 was estimated to be double the percent increase from 2013 to 2014, the percent increase
from 2013 to 2014 was expected to be 2.5%.
Therefore, the number of subscriptions sold in 2014 is expected to be the number of subscriptions sold in 2013
multiplied by , or .
Choice A is incorrect and is the result of adding half of the value of the increase from 2012 to 2013 to the 2013 result.
Choice C is incorrect and is the result adding twice the value of the increase from 2012 to 2013 to the 2013 result. Choice
D is incorrect and is the result of interpreting the percent increase from 2013 to 2014 as double the percent increase
from 2012 to 2013.


relationships, and
units
ID: 8e528129
Pure beeswax has a density of 0.555 ounce per cubic inch. An online company
sells pure beeswax at a price of $8.00 per ounce. What is the selling price, in
dollars per cubic inch, for pure beeswax purchased from this company?
ID: 8e528129 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 4.44. The selling price, in dollars per cubic inch, is found by multiplying the density, in ounces per
cubic inch, by the unit price, in dollars per ounce: yields . Thus, the selling
price, in dollars per cubic inch, is 4.44.

Question ID 0231050d

and Data Analysis
ID: 0231050d
The line graph shows the total amount of snow, in inches, recorded each year in
Washington, DC, from 2003 to 2015. If is the percent decrease in the annual
snowfall from 2003 to 2007, what is the value of p ?
ID: 0231050d Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 75. The percent decrease between two values is found by dividing the difference between the two
values by the original value and multiplying by 100. The line graph shows that the annual snowfall in 2003 was 40 inches,
and the annual snowfall in 2007 was 10 inches. Therefore, the percent decrease in the annual snowfall from 2003 to
2007 is , or 75. It’s given that this is equivalent to , so the value of p is 75.

Question ID 53d97af5

and margin of error
ID: 53d97af5
A study was done on the weights of different types of fish in a pond. A random
sample of fish were caught and marked in order to ensure that none were
weighed more than once. The sample contained 150 largemouth bass, of which
30% weighed more than 2 pounds. Which of the following conclusions is best
supported by the sample data?
A. The majority of all fish in the pond weigh less than 2 pounds.
B. The average weight of all fish in the pond is approximately 2 pounds.
C. Approximately 30% of all fish in the pond weigh more than 2 pounds.
D. Approximately 30% of all largemouth bass in the pond weigh more than 2 pounds.
ID: 53d97af5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The sample of 150 largemouth bass was selected at random from all the largemouth bass in the
pond, and since 30% of the fish in the sample weighed more than 2 pounds, it can be concluded that approximately 30%
of all largemouth bass in the pond weigh more than 2 pounds.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Since the sample contained 150 largemouth bass, of which 30% weighed more than 2
pounds, this result can be generalized only to largemouth bass in the pond, not to all fish in the pond.

Question ID d4413871

probability
ID: d4413871
Blood type
Rhesus factor A B AB O
33 9 3 37
7 2 1 x
Human blood can be classified into four common blood types—A, B, AB, and O. It
is also characterized by the presence or absence of the rhesus factor.
The table above shows the distribution of blood type and rhesus factor for a
group of people. If one of these people who is rhesus negative is chosen at
random, the probability that the person has blood type B is . What is the value
of x ?
ID: d4413871 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. In this group, of the people who are rhesus negative have blood type B. The total number of
people who are rhesus negative in the group is , and there are 2 people who are rhesus negative with blood
type B. Therefore, . Combining like terms on the left-hand side of the equation yields
. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 9 yields , and multiplying both sides of this
equation by yields . Subtracting 10 from both sides of this equation yields .

Question ID 0301c5dc

probability
ID: 0301c5dc
The table below shows the number of state parks in a certain state that contain camping facilities and bicycle paths.
Has bicycle paths Does not have bicycle paths
Has camping facilities 20 5
Does not have camping facilities 8 4
If one of these state parks is selected at random, what is the probability that it
has camping facilities but does not have bicycle paths?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0301c5dc Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The total number of state parks in the state is . According to the table, 5 of these
have camping facilities but not bicycle paths. Therefore, if a state park is selected at random, the probability that it has
camping facilities but not bicycle paths is .
Choice B is incorrect. This is the probability that a state park selected at random from the state parks with camping
facilities does not have bicycle paths. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability that a state park selected at random
from the state parks with bicycle paths does not have camping facilities. Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability that
a state park selected at random from the state parks without bicycle paths does have camping facilities.

Question ID 3f2ee20a

measures of center
and spread
ID: 3f2ee20a
The results of two independent surveys are shown in the table below.
Men's Height
Group Sample size Mean (centimeters) Standard deviation (centimeters)
A 2,500 186 12.5
B 2,500 186 19.1
Which statement is true based on the table?
A. The Group A data set was identical to the Group B data set.
B. Group B contained the tallest participant.
C. The heights of the men in Group B had a larger spread than the heights of the men in Group A.
D. The median height of Group B is larger than the median height of Group A.
ID: 3f2ee20a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Standard deviation is a measure of spread, so data sets with larger standard deviations tend to have
larger spread. The standard deviation of the heights of the men in Group B is larger than the standard deviation of the
heights of the men in Group A. Therefore, the heights of the men in Group B had a larger spread than the heights of the
men in Group A.
Choice A is incorrect. If two data sets are identical, they will have equivalent means and equivalent standard deviations.
Since the two data sets have different standard deviations, they cannot be identical. Choice B is incorrect. Without
knowing the maximum value for each data set, it’s impossible to know which group contained the tallest participant.
Choice D is incorrect. Since the means of the two groups are equivalent, the medians could also be the same or could be
different, but it's impossible to tell from the given information.

Question ID d0efc1dd

measures of center
and spread
ID: d0efc1dd
15, 14, 18, 17, x
The mean and the median of the five numbers above are equal. Which of the
following is NOT a possible value of x ?
A. 6
B. 11
C. 16
D. 21
ID: d0efc1dd Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. If x is 6, then the five numbers in the given list are 15, 14, 18, 17, 6. The mean of these five numbers is
the sum of all the values divided by the number of values, or . The median of these
five numbers can be found by ordering the numbers from least to greatest and determining the middle value. When
ordered from least to greatest, the numbers in the given list are 6, 14, 15, 17, 18, and the middle value is 15. Since the
mean is 14 and the median is 15, the mean and median aren’t equal when x is 6.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. If any of these values is substituted for x, the mean and median of the data set would
be equal.

Question ID f8f79e11

and margin of error
ID: f8f79e11
A park ranger asked a random sample of visitors how far they hiked during their
visit. Based on the responses, the estimated mean was found to be 4.5 miles,
with an associated margin of error of 0.5 miles. Which of the following is the
best conclusion from these data?
A. It is likely that all visitors hiked between 4 and 5 miles.
B. It is likely that most visitors hiked exactly 4.5 miles.
C. It is not possible that any visitor hiked less than 3 miles.
D. It is plausible that the mean distance hiked for all visitors is between 4 and 5 miles.
ID: f8f79e11 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The given estimated mean has an associated margin of error because from sample data, the
population mean can’t be determined precisely. Rather, from the sample mean, an interval can be determined within
which it’s plausible that the population’s mean is likely to lie. Since the estimated mean is 4.5 miles with an associated
margin of error of 0.5 miles, it follows that between miles and miles, or between 4 and 5 miles, is
plausibly the mean distance hiked for all visitors.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Based on the estimated mean, no determination can be made about the number of
miles hiked for all visitors to the park.

Question ID 707db2d3

and Data Analysis
ID: 707db2d3
For the finale of a TV show, viewers could use either social media or a text
message to vote for their favorite of two contestants. The contestant receiving
more than 50% of the vote won. An estimated 10% of the viewers voted, and 30%
of the votes were cast on social media. Contestant 2 earned 70% of the votes
cast using social media and 40% of the votes cast using a text message. Based
on this information, which of the following is an accurate conclusion?
A. If all viewers had voted, Contestant 2 would have won.
B. Viewers voting by social media were likely to be younger than viewers voting by text message.
C. If all viewers who voted had voted by social media instead of by text message, Contestant 2 would have won.
D. Viewers voting by social media were more likely to prefer Contestant 2 than were viewers voting by text message.
ID: 707db2d3 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It is given that Contestant 2 earned 70% of the votes cast using social media and 40% of the votes
cast using a text message. Based on this information, viewers voting by social media were more likely to prefer
Contestant 2 than were viewers voting by text message.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. There is not enough information about the viewers to reach these conclusions.

Question ID 9a144a01

scatterplots
ID: 9a144a01
Which of the following is true about the values of and

for ?
A. For all , it is true that .
B. For all , it is true that .
C. There is a constant c such that if , then , but if , then .
D. There is a constant c such that if , then , but if , then .
ID: 9a144a01 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. At , the value of is less than the value of , which is equivalent to .
As the value of x increases, the value of remains less than the value of until , which is when the two
values are equal: , which is equivalent to . Then, for , the value of is greater than the value of
. So there is a constant, 3, such that when , then , but when , then .
Choice A is incorrect because when . Choice B is incorrect because when .

Choice D is incorrect because when and when .

Question ID 457d2f2c

measures of center
and spread
ID: 457d2f2c
A data set of 27 different numbers has a mean of 33 and a median of 33. A new
data set is created by adding 7 to each number in the original data set that is
greater than the median and subtracting 7 from each number in the original data
set that is less than the median. Which of the following measures does NOT
have the same value in both the original and new data sets?
A. Median
B. Mean
C. Sum of the numbers
D. Standard deviation
ID: 457d2f2c Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. When a data set has an odd number of elements, the median can be found by ordering the values
from least to greatest and determining the middle value. Out of the 27 different numbers in this data set, 13 numbers are
below the median, one number is exactly 33, and 13 numbers are above the median. When 7 is subtracted from each
number below the median and added to each number above the median, the data spread out from the median. Since the
median of this data set, 33, is equivalent to the mean of the data set, the data also spread out from the mean. Since
standard deviation is a measure of how spread out the data are from the mean, a greater spread from the mean indicates
an increased standard deviation.
Choice A is incorrect. All the numbers less than the median decrease and all the numbers greater than the median
increase, but the median itself doesn’t change. Choices B and C are incorrect. The mean of a data set is found by dividing
the sum of the values by the number of values. The net change from subtracting 7 from 13 numbers and adding 7 to 13
numbers is zero. Therefore, neither the mean nor the sum of the numbers changes.

Question ID c9fb15ad

relationships, and
units
ID: c9fb15ad
Species of Growth
tree factor
Red maple 4.5
River birch 3.5
Cottonwood 2.0
Black walnut 4.5
White birch 5.0
American elm 4.0
Pin oak 3.0
Shagbark
7.5
hickory
One method of calculating the approximate age, in years, of a tree of a particular

species is to multiply the diameter of the tree, in inches, by a constant called the
growth factor for that species. The table above gives the growth factors for eight
species of trees. If a white birch tree and a pin oak tree each now have a
diameter of 1 foot, which of the following will be closest to the difference, in
inches, of their diameters 10 years from now? (1 foot = 12 inches)
A. 1.0
B. 1.2
C. 1.3
D. 1.4
ID: c9fb15ad Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. According to the given information, multiplying a tree species’ growth factor by the tree’s diameter is
a method to approximate the age of the tree. A white birch with a diameter of 12 inches (or 1 foot) has a given growth
factor of 5 and is approximately 60 years old. A pin oak with a diameter of 12 inches (or 1 foot) has a given growth factor
of 3 and is approximately 36 years old. The diameters of the two trees 10 years from now can be found by dividing each
tree’s age in 10 years, 70 years, and 46 years, by its respective growth factor. This yields 14 inches and inches. The
difference between and 14 is , or approximately 1.3 inches.
Alternate approach: Since a white birch has a growth factor of 5, the age increases at a rate of 5 years per inch or,
equivalently, the diameter increases at a rate of of an inch per year. Likewise, the pin oak has a growth factor of 3, so
its diameter increases at a rate of of an inch per year. Thus, the pin oak grows of an inch per year more than the
white birch. In 10 years it will grow of an inch more, which is approximately 1.3 inches.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and a result of incorrectly calculating the diameters of the two trees in 10 years.

Question ID 63573fea

and Data Analysis
ID: 63573fea
During the first month of sales, a company sold 1,300,000 units of a certain type
of smartphone. During the same month, 15% of the units sold were returned. If
sales and the return rate remain the same for each of the next 5 months, about
how many units of this smartphone will be returned to the company during this
6-month period?
A. 195,000
B. 975,000
C. 1,170,000
D. 6,630,000
ID: 63573fea Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Of the 1,300,000 units sold during the first month, 15% were returned, so
units were returned during the first month. If the units were sold and returned at the
same rate for the next 5 months, then a total of smartphone units were returned during the
6-month period.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the number of units that were returned in 1 month. Choice B is incorrect. This is the number
of units that were returned in 5 months. Choice D is incorrect. This is the number of units sold and not returned during
the first 6 months.


scatterplots
ID: 03a16790
The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and . A line of best fit is also shown.
Which of the following is closest to the slope of the line of best fit shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 03a16790 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A line of best fit is shown in the scatterplot such that as the value of 𝑥 increases, the value of 𝑦
decreases. Thus, the slope of the line of best fit shown is negative. The slope of a line passing through two points, 𝑥1 , 𝑦1
𝑦 -𝑦
and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , can be calculated as 2 1 . The line of best fit shown passes approximately through the points 1, 12 and 11, 4.
𝑥2 - 𝑥1
𝑦2 - 𝑦1 4 - 12 8
Substituting 1, 12 and 11, 4 for 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , respectively, in gives , which is equivalent to - , or -0.8. Therefore,
𝑥2 - 𝑥1 11 - 1 10
of the given choices, -0.8 is closest to the slope of the line of best fit shown.
Choice C is incorrect. The line of best fit shown has a negative slope, not a positive slope.
Choice D is incorrect. The line of best fit shown has a negative slope, not a positive slope.

Question ID b4f5a7ca

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: b4f5a7ca
A survey was conducted using a sample of history professors selected at

random from the California State Universities. The professors surveyed were
asked to name the publishers of their current texts. What is the largest
population to which the results of the survey can be generalized?
A. All professors in the United States
B. All history professors in the United States
C. All history professors at all California State Universities
D. All professors at all California State Universities
ID: b4f5a7ca Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Selecting a sample at random when conducting a survey allows the results to be generalized to the
population from which the sample was selected, but not beyond this population. In this situation, the population that the
sample was selected from is history professors from the California State Universities. Therefore, the largest population
to which the results of the survey can be generalized is all history professors at all California State Universities.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Since the sample was selected at random from history professors from the California
State Universities, the results of the survey can’t be generalized to all professors in the United States, all history
professors in the United States, or all professors at all California State Universities. All three of these populations may
use different texts and therefore may name different publishers.

Question ID d6af3572

scatterplots
ID: d6af3572
The scatterplot above shows the federal-mandated minimum wage every 10

years between 1940 and 2010. A line of best fit is shown, and its equation is
. What does the line of best fit predict about the increase in the
minimum wage over the 70-year period?
A. Each year between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.096 dollars.
B. Each year between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.49 dollars.
C. Every 10 years between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.096 dollars.
D. Every 10 years between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.488 dollars.
ID: d6af3572 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given equation is in slope-intercept form, or , where m is the value of the slope of
the line of best fit. Therefore, the slope of the line of best fit is 0.096. From the definition of slope, it follows that an
increase of 1 in the x-value corresponds to an increase of 0.096 in the y-value. Therefore, the line of best fit predicts that
for each year between 1940 and 2010, the minimum wage will increase by 0.096 dollar per hour.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from using the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the average increase, instead of the
slope. Choice C is incorrect and may result from using the 10-year increments given on the x-axis to incorrectly interpret
the slope of the line of best fit. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the
average increase, instead of the slope, and from using the 10-year increments given on the x-axis to incorrectly interpret
the slope of the line of best fit.

Question ID fea831fc

relationships, and
units
ID: fea831fc
On April 18, 1775, Paul Revere set off on his midnight ride from Charlestown to
Lexington. If he had ridden straight to Lexington without stopping, he would have
traveled 11 miles in 26 minutes. In such a ride, what would the average speed of
his horse have been, to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour?
ID: fea831fc Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 25.4. The average speed is the total distance divided by the total time. The total distance is 11
miles and the total time is 26 minutes. Thus, the average speed is miles per minute. The question asks for the
average speed in miles per hour, and there are 60 minutes in an hour; converting miles per minute to miles per hour gives
the following:
Therefore, to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour, the average speed of Paul Revere’s ride would have been 25.4 miles per
hour. Note that 25.4 and 127/5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID e03f3477

and margin of error
ID: e03f3477
A sample consisting of adults who own televisions was selected at random for a study. Based on the sample, it is
estimated that of all adults who own televisions use their televisions to watch nature shows, with an associated
margin of error of . Which of the following is the most plausible conclusion about all adults who own televisions?
A. More than of all adults who own televisions use their televisions to watch nature shows.
B. Between and of all adults who own televisions use their televisions to watch nature shows.
Since the sample included adults who own televisions and not just those who use their televisions to watch nature
C. shows, no conclusion can be made.
D. Since the sample did not include all the people who watch nature shows, no conclusion can be made.
ID: e03f3477 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that based on a sample selected at random, it's estimated that 32% of all adults who own
televisions use their televisions to watch nature shows, with an associated margin of error of 3.41%. Subtracting the
margin of error from the estimate and adding the margin of error to the estimate gives an interval of plausible values for
the true percentage of adults who own televisions who use their televisions to watch nature shows. This means it's
plausible that between 32 % - 3.41%, or 28.59%, and 32 % + 3.41%, or 35.41%, of all adults who own televisions use their
televisions to watch nature shows. Therefore, of the given choices, the most plausible conclusion is that between 28.59%
and 35.41% of all adults who own televisions use their televisions to watch nature shows.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Choice C is incorrect. To make a plausible conclusion about all adults who own televisions, the sample must be selected
at random from all adults who own televisions, not just those who use their televisions to watch nature shows.
Choice D is incorrect. Since the sample was selected at random from all adults who own televisions, a plausible
conclusion can be made about all adults who own televisions.

Question ID 07f2829b

measures of center
and spread
ID: 07f2829b
International Tourist
Arrivals, in millions
Country 2012 2013
France 83.0 84.7
United
66.7 69.8
States
Spain 57.5 60.7
China 57.7 55.7
Italy 46.4 47.7
Turkey 35.7 37.8
Germany 30.4 31.5
United
26.3 32.2
Kingdom
Russia 24.7 28.4

The table above shows the number of international tourist arrivals, rounded to
the nearest tenth of a million, to the top nine tourist destinations in both 2012
and 2013. Based on the information given in the table, how much greater, in
millions, was the median number of international tourist arrivals to the top nine
tourist destinations in 2013 than the median number in 2012, to the nearest
tenth of a million?
ID: 07f2829b Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 1.3. The median number of tourists is found by ordering the number of tourists from least to
greatest and determining the middle value from this list. When the number of tourists in 2012 is ordered from least to
greatest, the middle value, or the fifth number, is 46.4 million. When the number of tourists in 2013 is ordered from least
to greatest, the middle value, or the fifth number, is 47.7 million. The difference between these two medians is
. Note that 1.3 and 13/10 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 7ac5d686

scatterplots
ID: 7ac5d686
An inspector begins a day of work with a large sample of shirts that need to be
checked for defects. The inspector works at a constant rate throughout the
morning. What type of model is best to model the number of shirts remaining to
be checked for defects at any given time throughout the morning?
A. A linear model with a positive slope
B. A linear model with a negative slope
C. An exponential growth model
D. An exponential decay model
ID: 7ac5d686 Answer
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since the work is done at a constant rate, a linear model best models the situation. The number of
shirts remaining is dependent on the length of time the inspector has worked; therefore, if the relationship were graphed,
time would be the variable of the horizontal axis and the number of remaining shirts would be the variable of the vertical
axis. Since the number of shirts decreases as the time worked increases, it follows that the slope of this graph is
negative.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from incorrectly reasoning about the slope. Choices C and D are incorrect and may
result from not identifying the constant rate of work as a characteristic of a linear model.

Question ID 181cc4d6

relationships, and
units
ID: 181cc4d6
Rectangle A has length 15 and width w. Rectangle B has length 20 and the same
length-to-width ratio as rectangle A. What is the width of rectangle B in terms
of w ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 181cc4d6 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that rectangle A has length 15 and width w. Therefore, the length-to-width ratio of rectangle
A is 15 to w. It’s also given that rectangle B has length 20 and the same length-to-width ratio as rectangle A. Let x
represent the width of rectangle B. The proportion can be used to solve for x in terms of w. Multiplying both
sides of this equation by x yields , and then multiplying both sides of this equation by w yields .
Dividing both sides of this equation by 15 yields . Simplifying this fraction yields .
Choices B and D are incorrect and may result from interpreting the difference in the lengths of rectangle A and rectangle
B as equivalent to the difference in the widths of rectangle A and rectangle B. Choice C is incorrect and may result from
using a length-to-width ratio of w to 15, instead of 15 to w.

Question ID 7fd284ac

scatterplots
ID: 7fd284ac
The scatterplot above shows data for ten charities along with the line of best fit. For the charity with the greatest percent
of total expenses spent on programs, which of the following is closest to the difference of the actual percent and the
percent predicted by the line of best fit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7fd284ac Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The charity with the greatest percent of total expenses spent on programs is represented by the
highest point on the scatterplot; this is the point that has a vertical coordinate slightly less than halfway between 90 and
95 and a horizontal coordinate slightly less than halfway between 3,000 and 4,000. Thus, the charity represented by this
point has a total income of about $3,400 million and spends about 92% of its total expenses on programs. The percent
predicted by the line of best fit is the vertical coordinate of the point on the line of best fit with horizontal coordinate
$3,400 million; this vertical coordinate is very slightly more than 85. Thus, the line of best fit predicts that the charity with
the greatest percent of total expenses spent on programs will spend slightly more than 85% on programs. Therefore, the
difference between the actual percent (92%) and the prediction (slightly more than 85%) is slightly less than 7%.
Choice A is incorrect. There is no charity represented in the scatterplot for which the difference between the actual
percent of total expenses spent on programs and the percent predicted by the line of best fit is as much as 10%. Choices
C and D are incorrect. These choices may result from misidentifying in the scatterplot the point that represents the
charity with the greatest percent of total expenses spent on programs.

Question ID 2df8f293

probability
ID: 2df8f293
Each vertex of a -sided polygon is labeled with one of the letters through , with a different letter at each vertex.
If one vertex is selected at random, what is the probability that the letter will be at the selected vertex? (Express your
answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)
ID: 2df8f293 Answer

Rationale
1
The correct answer is . If one vertex of the polygon is selected at random, the probability that the letter 𝐷 will be at the
14
selected vertex is equal to the number of vertices labeled with the letter 𝐷 divided by the total number of vertices. It's
given that each vertex is labeled with one of the 14 letters 𝐴 through 𝑁, with a different letter at each vertex. It follows
that there is 1 vertex labeled with the letter 𝐷. It's also given that the polygon is 14-sided. It follows that there are a total of
1
14 vertices. Thus, the probability that the letter 𝐷 will be at the selected vertex is . Note that 1/14, .0714, and 0.071 are
14


relationships, and
units
ID: 3638f413
Jeremy deposited x dollars in his investment account on January 1, 2001. The

amount of money in the account doubled each year until Jeremy had 480 dollars
in his investment account on January 1, 2005. What is the value of x ?
ID: 3638f413 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 30. The situation can be represented by the equation , where the 2 represents the fact
that the amount of money in the account doubled each year and the 4 represents the fact that there are 4 years between
January 1, 2001, and January 1, 2005. Simplifying gives . Therefore, .

Question ID 1142af44

measures of center
and spread
ID: 1142af44
Value Frequency
1 a
2 2a
3 3a
4 2a
5 a
The frequency distribution above summarizes a set of data, where a is a positive

integer. How much greater is the mean of the set of data than the median?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
ID: 1142af44 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since the frequencies of values less than the middle value, 3, are the same as the frequencies of the
values greater than 3, the set of data has a symmetric distribution. When a set of data has a symmetric distribution, the
mean and median values are equal. Therefore, the mean is 0 greater than the median.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from misinterpreting the set of data.

Question ID 445dd032

relationships, and
units
ID: 445dd032
Tanya earns $13.50 per hour at her part-time job. When she works z hours, she
earns dollars. Which of the following expressions gives the amount, in
dollars, Tanya will earn if she works hours?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 445dd032 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that when Tanya works z hours, she earns dollars. Since her hourly rate is constant,
if she works 3 times as many hours, or hours, she will earn 3 times as many dollars, or .
Choice B is incorrect. This expression represents adding 3 dollars to the dollars Tanya will earn. Choice C is
incorrect. This expression can be rewritten as , which implies that Tanya earns $16.50 per hour, not $13.50.
Choice D is incorrect. This expression adds 3 to the number of hours Tanya works, rather than multiplying the hours she
works by 3.

Question ID 651d83bb

measures of center
and spread
ID: 651d83bb
Two different teams consisting of 10 members each ran in a race. Each member’s completion time of the race was
recorded. The mean of the completion times for each team was calculated and is shown below.
Team A: 3.41 minutes
Team B: 3.79 minutes
Which of the following MUST be true?

Every member of team A completed the race in less time than any member of team B.
The median time it took the members of team B to complete the race is greater than the median time it took the
members of team A to complete the race.
There is at least one member of team B who took more time to complete the race than some member of team A.
A. III only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
ID: 651d83bb Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since the average time for the 10 members of team A is 3.41 minutes, the sum of the 10 times for
team A is equal to minutes. Since the average time for the 10 members of team B is 3.79 minutes,
the sum of the 10 times for team B is equal to minutes. Since the sum of the 10 times for team B is
greater than the sum of the 10 times for team A, it must be true that at least one of the times for team B must be greater
than one of the times for team A. Thus, statement III is true. However, it’s possible that at least some of the times for
team A were greater than some of the times for team B. For example, all of team A’s times could be 3.41 minutes, and
team B could have 1 time of 3.34 minutes and 9 times of 3.84 minutes. Thus, statement I need not be true. It’s also
possible that the median of the times for team B is less than the median of the times for team A. For example, all of team
A’s times could be 3.41 minutes, and team B could have 6 times of 3.37 minutes and 4 times of 4.42 minutes; then the
median of team B’s times would be 3.37 minutes and the median of team A’s times would be 3.41 minutes. Thus,
statement II need not be true.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because neither statement I nor statement II must be true.

Question ID 1e8ccffd

measures of center
and spread
ID: 1e8ccffd
The mean score of 8 players in a basketball game was 14.5 points. If the highest
individual score is removed, the mean score of the remaining 7 players becomes
12 points. What was the highest score?
A. 20
B. 24
C. 32
D. 36
ID: 1e8ccffd Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. If the mean score of 8 players is 14.5, then the total of all 8 scores is . If the mean of
7 scores is 12, then the total of all 7 scores is . Since the set of 7 scores was made by removing the highest
score of the set of 8 scores, then the difference between the total of all 8 scores and the total of all 7 scores is equal to
the removed score: .
Choice A is incorrect because if 20 is removed from the group of 8 scores, then the mean score of the remaining 7
players is is approximately 13.71, not 12. Choice B is incorrect because if 24 is removed from the
group of 8 scores, then the mean score of the remaining 7 players is is approximately 13.14, not 12.
Choice D is incorrect because if 36 is removed from the group of 8 scores, then the mean score of the remaining 7
players is or approximately 11.43, not 12.


scatterplots
ID: 1e1027a7
The scatterplot above shows a company’s ice cream sales d, in dollars, and the
high temperature t, in degrees Celsius (°C), on 12 different days. A line of best fit
for the data is also shown. Which of the following could be an equation of the
line of best fit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1e1027a7 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. On the line of best fit, d increases from approximately 480 to 880 between and . The
slope of the line of best fit is the difference in d-values divided by the difference in t-values, which gives
, or approximately 33. Writing the equation of the line of best fit in slope-intercept form gives
, where b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. This equation is satisfied by all points on the line, so
when . Thus, , which is equivalent to . Subtracting 396 from both sides of this
equation gives . Therefore, an equation for the line of best fit could be .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error in calculating the slope and misidentifying the y-coordinate of the y-
intercept of the graph as the value of d at rather than the value of d at . Choice B is incorrect and may result
from using the smallest value of t on the graph as the slope and misidentifying the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the
graph as the value of d at rather than the value of d at . Choice C is incorrect and may result from
misidentifying the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the smallest value of d on the graph.

relationships, and
units
ID: 939c46d1
The glass pictured above can hold a maximum volume of 473 cubic centimeters,
which is approximately 16 fluid ounces. Jenny has a pitcher that contains
1 gallon of water. How many times could Jenny completely fill the glass with
1 gallon of water?
A. 16
B. 8
C. 4
D. 3
ID: 939c46d1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It is given that the volume of the glass is approximately 16 fluid ounces. If Jenny has 1 gallon of
water, which is 128 fluid ounces, she could fill the glass times.
Choice A is incorrect because Jenny would need fluid ounces = 256 fluid ounces, or 2 gallons, of water to fill the
glass 16 times. Choice C is incorrect because Jenny would need only fluid ounces = 64 fluid ounces of water to fill
the glass 4 times. Choice D is incorrect because Jenny would need only fluid ounces = 48 fluid ounces to fill the
glass 3 times.

Question ID fc46af57

and margin of error
ID: fc46af57
A bag containing 10,000 beads of assorted colors is purchased from a craft

store. To estimate the percent of red beads in the bag, a sample of beads is
selected at random. The percent of red beads in the bag was estimated to be
15%, with an associated margin of error of 2%. If r is the actual number of red
beads in the bag, which of the following is most plausible?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: fc46af57 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It was estimated that 15% of the beads in the bag are red. Since the bag contains 10,000 beads, it
follows that there are an estimated red beads. It’s given that the margin of error is 2%, or
beads. If the estimate is too high, there could plausibly be red beads. If the
estimate is too low, there could plausibly be red beads. Therefore, the most plausible statement of
the actual number of red beads in the bag is .
Choices A and D are incorrect and may result from misinterpreting the margin of error. It’s unlikely that more than 1,700
beads or fewer than 1,300 beads in the bag are red. Choice C is incorrect because 200 is the margin of error for the
number of red beads, not the lower bound of the range of red beads.

Question ID 7b65bb28

measures of center
and spread
ID: 7b65bb28
Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5
$3.699 $3.609 $3.729 $3.679 $3.729
In the table above, Melissa recorded the price of one gallon of regular gas from
five different local gas stations on the same day. What is the median of the gas
prices Melissa recorded?
A. $3.679
B. $3.689
C. $3.699
D. $3.729
ID: 7b65bb28 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The median of a data set is the middle value when the data is in ascending or descending order. In
ascending order, the gas prices are $3.609, $3.679, $3.699, $3.729, and $3.729. The middle number of this list is 3.699,
so it follows that $3.699 is the median gas price.
Choice A is incorrect. When the gas prices are listed in ascending order, this value isn’t the middle number. Choice B is
incorrect. This value represents the mean gas price. Choice D is incorrect. This value represents both the mode and the
maximum gas price.

Question ID 8a714fa1

and Data Analysis
ID: 8a714fa1
Which of the following represents the result of increasing the

quantity x by 9%, where ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 8a714fa1 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Increasing the positive quantity x by 9% is the result of adding 9% of x to x. 9% of x can be
represented algebraically as , or . Adding this expression to x yields , or .
Choice B is incorrect. This represents 9% of x. Choice C is incorrect. This represents increasing x by 9, not by 9%. Choice
D is incorrect. This represents increasing x by 0.09, not by 9%.

Question ID 3f775bbf

relationships, and
units
ID: 3f775bbf
Power capacity
State
Low Medium High Total
Texas 4 2 3 9
California 1 0 1 2
Oregon 1 0 1 2
Indiana 0 2 0 2
Colorado 1 1 0 2
Iowa 2 0 0 2
Oklahoma 1 0 0 1
Total 10 5 5 20
The table shows the distribution, by location and power capacity (maximum rate
of power generation) of the twenty largest wind projects in the United States in
2013. The total power capacity of the nine wind projects located in Texas was
4,952 megawatts (MW), and the total power capacity of the twenty wind projects
was 11,037 MW in 2013. The amount of energy produced in one hour at a rate of
one megawatt is one megawatt-hour. If each of the nine Texas wind projects in
2013 had operated continuously for 24 hours at the maximum rate of power
generation, approximately how many megawatt-hours of energy would the nine
projects have produced?
A. 200
B. 5,000
C. 11,000
D. 120,000
ID: 3f775bbf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the total power capacity of the nine wind projects in Texas was 4,952 megawatts.
Therefore, if all nine Texas projects operated continuously for 1 hour, the amount of energy produced would be 4,952
megawatt-hours. It follows that, if all nine Texas projects operated continuously for 24 hours, the amount of energy
produced, in megawatt-hours, would be , which is closest to 120,000.
Choice A is incorrect. This is approximately the amount of energy produced for the nine projects divided by 24 hours.
Choice B is incorrect. This is approximately the amount of energy produced for the nine projects. Choice C is incorrect.
This is approximately the given amount of energy produced for all twenty projects in the table.

Question ID 8637294f

relationships, and
units
ID: 8637294f
If and , what is the value of ?
ID: 8637294f Answer

Rationale
4𝑎 𝑎 4𝑎 𝑎
The correct answer is .0625 . It's given that = 6.7 and = 26.8. The equation = 6.7 can be rewritten as 4 = 6.7.
𝑏 𝑏𝑛 𝑏 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎1
Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields = 1.675. The equation = 26.8 can be rewritten as = 26.8.
𝑏 𝑏𝑛 𝑏𝑛
𝑎 1 1.675
Substituting 1.675 for in this equation yields 1.675 = 26.8, or = 26.8. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 𝑛
𝑏 𝑛 𝑛
yields 1.675 = 26.8𝑛. Dividing both sides of this equation by 26.8 yields 𝑛 = 0.0625. Therefore, the value of 𝑛 is 0.0625. Note
that .0625, 0.062, 0.063, and 1/16 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 8e2e424e

and Data Analysis
ID: 8e2e424e
The number k is 36% greater than 50. If k is the product of

50 and r, what is the value of r ?
A. 36
B. 3.6
C. 1.36
D. 0.36
ID: 8e2e424e Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that the number k is 36% greater than 50. Therefore, the value of k is the number 50 plus
36% of 50. This can be rewritten as . Multiplying the terms yields 18, so ,
or . It’s also given that k is the product of 50 and r, which can be rewritten as . Substituting 68 for k yields
. Dividing both sides of this equation by 50 yields .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the percentage that k is greater than 50. Choice B is incorrect and may result from a
calculation error. Choice D is incorrect. This would be the value of r if k were 36% of 50, instead of 36% greater than 50.

Question ID be00d896

measures of center
and spread
ID: be00d896
For which of the following data sets is the mean

greater than the median?
A. 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5
B. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80
C. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512
D. 7, 107, 107, 207, 207, 207, 307, 307, 307
ID: be00d896 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. If the values in a data set are ordered from least to greatest, the median of the data set will be the
middle value. Since each data set in the choices is ordered and contains exactly 9 data values, the 5th value in each is
the median. It follows that the median of the data set in choice C is 32. The sum of the positive differences between 32
and each of the values that are less than 32 is significantly smaller than the sum of the positive differences between 32
and each of the values that are greater than 32. If 32 were the mean, these sums would have been equal to each other.
Therefore, the mean of this data set must be greater than 32. This can also be confirmed by calculating the mean as the
sum of the values divided by the number of values in the data set:
Choices A and B are incorrect. Each of the data sets in these choices is symmetric with respect to its median, so the
mean and the median for each of these choices are equivalent. Choice D is incorrect. The median of this data set is 207.
Since the sum of the positive differences between 207 and each of the values less than 207 is greater than the sum of
the positive differences between 207 and each value greater than 207 in this data set, the mean must be less than the
median.

Question ID 6626cac3

probability
ID: 6626cac3
Phone Email
Dinner
55% 80%
dance
Football
20% 10%
game
Picnic 20% 5%
Pool
5% 5%
party
Total 100% 100%
An alumni association survey asked each high school graduate to select the one activity he or she
preferred for the association’s next event. Some of the people responded by phone, and the others
responded by email. The table above shows the distribution of preferred activity, in percent, for each
response type used. For the survey, the number of email responses was twice the number of phone
responses. If a person who preferred a picnic is selected at random, what is the probability that the
person responded by email?
ID: 6626cac3 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . It’s given that the number of email responses is twice the number of phone responses.
Therefore, if the number of phone responses is p, then the number of email responses is . The table shows that 20%
of people who responded by phone preferred a picnic. It follows that the expression represents the number of
these people. The table also shows that 5% of the people who responded by email preferred a picnic. The expression
, or , represents the number of these people. Therefore, a total of , or people preferred
a picnic. Thus, the probability of selecting at random a person who responded by email from the people who preferred a
picnic is , or . Note that 1/3, .3333, and 0.333 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.


scatterplots
ID: 3d985614
Each dot in the scatterplot above represents the height x, in feet, in the high
jump, and the distance y, in feet, in the long jump, made by each student in a
group of twenty students. The graph of which of the following equations is a line
that most closely fits the data?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 3d985614 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. A line that most closely fits the data is a line with an approximately balanced number of data points
above and below the line. Fitting a line to the data shown results in a line with an approximate slope of 3 and a y-intercept
near the point . An equation for the line can be written in slope-intercept form, , where m is the slope
and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. The equation in choice C fits the data most closely.
Choices A and B are incorrect because the slope of the lines of these equations is 0.82, which is a value that is too small
to be the slope of the line that fits the data shown. Choice D is incorrect. The graph of this equation has a y-intercept at
, not . This line would lie below all of the data points, and therefore would not closely fit the data.


and margin of error
ID: 308084c5
Sample Percent in favor Margin of error
A 52% 4.2%
B 48% 1.6%
The results of two random samples of votes for a proposition are shown above.
The samples were selected from the same population, and the margins of error
were calculated using the same method. Which of the following is the most
appropriate reason that the margin of error for sample A is greater than the
margin of error for sample B?
A. Sample A had a smaller number of votes that could not be recorded.
B. Sample A had a higher percent of favorable responses.
C. Sample A had a larger sample size.
D. Sample A had a smaller sample size.
ID: 308084c5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Sample size is an appropriate reason for the margin of error to change. In general, a smaller sample
size increases the margin of error because the sample may be less representative of the whole population.
Choice A is incorrect. The margin of error will depend on the size of the sample of recorded votes, not the number of
votes that could not be recorded. In any case, the smaller number of votes that could not be recorded for sample A would
tend to decrease, not increase, the comparative size of the margin of error. Choice B is incorrect. Since the percent in
favor for sample A is the same distance from 50% as the percent in favor for sample B, the percent of favorable
responses doesn’t affect the comparative size of the margin of error for the two samples. Choice C is incorrect. If sample
A had a larger margin of error than sample B, then sample A would tend to be less representative of the population.
Therefore, sample A is not likely to have a larger sample size.


relationships, and
units
ID: 7d721177
The density of a certain type of wood is kilograms per cubic meter. A sample of this type of wood is in the shape of a
cube and has a mass of kilograms. To the nearest hundredth of a meter, what is the length of one edge of this
sample?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7d721177 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
3
Choice B is correct. It’s given that the density of a certain type of wood is 353 kilograms per cubic meter kg/m , and a
sample of this type of wood has a mass of 345 kg. Let 𝑥 represent the volume, in m3 , of the sample. It follows that the
relationship between the density, mass, and volume of this sample can be written
353 kg 345 kg 345
as 3
= 3
, or 353 = . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 𝑥 yields 353𝑥 = 345. Dividing both sides of this
1 m 𝑥 m 𝑥
345 345
equation by 353 yields 𝑥 = . Therefore, the volume of this sample is m3 . Since it’s given that the sample of this type
353 353
of wood is a cube, it follows that the length of one edge of this sample can be found using the volume formula for a cube,
345
𝑉 = 𝑠3 , where 𝑉 represents the volume, in m3 , and 𝑠 represents the length, in m, of one edge of the cube. Substituting
353
345 345
for 𝑉 in this formula yields = 𝑠3 . Taking the cube root of both sides of this equation yields 3
= 𝑠, or 𝑠 ≈ 0 . 99.
353 √ 353
Therefore, the length of one edge of this sample to the nearest hundredth of a meter is 0.99.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID 7d68096f

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 7d68096f
A trivia tournament organizer wanted to study the relationship between the number of points a team scores in a trivia
round and the number of hours that a team practices each week. For the study, the organizer selected teams at
random from all trivia teams in a certain tournament. The table displays the information for the teams in the sample
that practiced for at least hours per week.
Number of points per round

Hours practiced
6 to 13 points 14 or more points Total
3 to 5 hours
More than 5 hours
Total
Which of the following is the largest population to which the results of the study can be generalized?
A. All trivia teams in the tournament that scored or more points in the round
B. The trivia teams in the sample
C. The trivia teams in the sample that practiced for at least hours per week
D. All trivia teams in the tournament
ID: 7d68096f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that the organizer selected 55 teams at random from all trivia teams in the tournament. A
table is also given displaying the information for the 40 teams in the sample that practiced for at least 3 hours per week.
Selecting a sample of a reasonable size at random to use for a survey allows the results from that survey to be applied to
the population from which the sample was selected, but not beyond this population. Thus, only the sampling method
information is necessary to determine the largest population to which the results of the study can be generalized. Since
the organizer selected the sample at random from all trivia teams in the tournament, the largest population to which the
results of the study can be generalized is all trivia teams in the tournament.
Choice A is incorrect. The sample was selected at random from all trivia teams in the tournament, not just from the
teams that scored an average of 14 or more points per round.
Choice B is incorrect. If a study uses a sample selected at random from a population, the results of the study can be
generalized to the population, not just the sample.
Choice C is incorrect. If a study uses a sample selected at random from a population, the results of the study can be
generalized to the population, not just a subset of the sample.

Question ID 8917ce38

relationships, and
units
ID: 8917ce38
Which of the following speeds is equivalent to 90 kilometers per

hour? (1 kilometer = 1,000 meters)
A. 25 meters per second
B. 32 meters per second
C. 250 meters per second
D. 324 meters per second
ID: 8917ce38 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since 1 kilometer is equal to 1,000 meters, it follows that 90 kilometers is equal to
meters. Since 1 hour is equal to 60 minutes and 1 minute is equal to 60 seconds, it follows that 1
hour is equal to seconds. Now is equal to , which reduces to
or 25 meters per second.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID 585de39a

probability
ID: 585de39a
On May 10, 2015, there were 83 million Internet subscribers in Nigeria. The major
Internet providers were MTN, Globacom, Airtel, Etisalat, and Visafone. By
September 30, 2015, the number of Internet subscribers in Nigeria had increased
to 97 million. If an Internet subscriber in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, is
selected at random, the probability that the person selected was an MTN
subscriber is 0.43. There were p million MTN subscribers in Nigeria on
September 30, 2015. To the nearest integer, what is the value of p ?
ID: 585de39a Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 42. It’s given that in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, the probability of selecting an MTN subscriber
from all Internet subscribers is 0.43, that there were p million, or , MTN subscribers, and that there were 97
million, or 97,000,000, Internet subscribers. The probability of selecting an MTN subscriber from all Internet subscribers
can be found by dividing the number of MTN subscribers by the total number of Internet subscribers. Therefore, the
equation can be used to solve for p. Dividing 1,000,000 from the numerator and denominator of
the expression on the left-hand side yields . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 97 yields
, which, to the nearest integer, is 42.

Question ID 4ff597db

measures of center
and spread
ID: 4ff597db
The mean amount of time that the 20 employees of a construction company

have worked for the company is 6.7 years. After one of the employees leaves the
company, the mean amount of time that the remaining employees have worked
for the company is reduced to 6.25 years. How many years did the employee
who left the company work for the company?
A. 0.45
B. 2.30
C. 9.00
D. 15.25
ID: 4ff597db Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The mean amount of time that the 20 employees worked for the company is 6.7 years. This means
that the total number of years all 20 employees worked for the company is (6.7)(20) = 134 years. After the employee left,
the mean amount of time that the remaining 19 employees worked for the company is 6.25 years. Therefore, the total
number of years all 19 employees worked for the company is (6.25)(19) = 118.75 years. It follows that the number of
years that the employee who left had worked for the company is 134 – 118.75 = 15.25 years.
Choice A is incorrect; this is the change in the mean, which isn’t the same as the amount of time worked by the employee
who left. Choice B is incorrect and likely results from making the assumption that there were still 20 employees, rather
than 19, at the company after the employee left and then subtracting the original mean of 6.7 from that result. Choice C
is incorrect and likely results from making the assumption that there were still 20 employees, rather than 19, at the
company after the employee left.

Question ID 7e6c745f

relationships, and
units
ID: 7e6c745f
Food Protein Cost
1 large egg 6 grams $0.36
1 cup of milk 8 grams $0.24

The table above shows the amount of protein in two foods and the cost of each
food. Based on the table, what is the ratio of the cost per gram of protein in a
large egg to the cost per gram of protein in a cup of milk?
A. 1 : 2
B. 2 : 3
C. 3 : 4
D. 2 : 1
ID: 7e6c745f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The cost per gram of protein in 1 large egg is $0.36 ÷ 6 = $0.06. The cost per gram of protein in 1 cup
of milk is $0.24 ÷ 8 = $0.03. It follows that the ratio of the cost per gram of protein in a large egg to the cost per gram of
protein in a cup of milk is 0.06:0.03, which can be rewritten as 2:1.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from finding the ratio of the cost per gram of protein in a cup of milk to the cost per
gram of protein in a large egg (the reciprocal of the ratio specified in the question). Choices B and C are incorrect and
may result from incorrectly calculating the unit rates or from errors made when simplifying the ratio.

Question ID 7b52985c

scatterplots
ID: 7b52985c
The scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time , in hours, a certain bird spent in flight and the
number of days after January , .
What is the average rate of change, in hours per day, of the length of time the bird spent in flight on January to the
length of time the bird spent in flight on January ?
ID: 7b52985c Answer

Rationale
9
The correct answer is . It's given that the scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time 𝑦, in hours, a
2
certain bird spent in flight and the number of days after January 11, 𝑥. Since January 13 is 2 days after January 11, it
follows that January 13 corresponds to an x-value of 2 in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when 𝑥 = 2, the corresponding
value of 𝑦 is 6. In other words, on January 13, the bird spent 6 hours in flight. Since January 15 is 4 days after January 11,
it follows that January 15 corresponds to an x-value of 4 in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when 𝑥 = 4, the
corresponding value of 𝑦 is 15. In other words, on January 15, the bird spent 15 hours in flight. Therefore, the average rate
of change, in hours per day, of the length of time the bird spent in flight on January 13 to the length of time the bird spent
in flight on January 15 is the difference in the length of time, in hours, the bird spent in flight divided by the difference in
15 - 6 9
the number of days after January 11, or , which is equivalent to . Note that 9/2 and 4.5 are examples of ways to enter
4-2 2
a correct answer.
Question ID 7ce2830a

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 7ce2830a
A psychologist designed and conducted a study to determine whether playing a

certain educational game increases middle school students’ accuracy in adding
fractions. For the study, the psychologist chose a random sample of 35 students
from all of the students at one of the middle schools in a large city. The
psychologist found that students who played the game showed significant
improvement in accuracy when adding fractions. What is the largest group to
which the results of the study can be generalized?
A. The 35 students in the sample
B. All students at the school
C. All middle school students in the city
D. All students in the city
ID: 7ce2830a Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The largest group to which the results of a study can be generalized is the population from which the
random sample was chosen. In this case, the psychologist chose a random sample from all students at one particular
middle school. Therefore, the largest group to which the results can be generalized is all the students at the school.
Choice A is incorrect because this isn’t the largest group the results can be generalized to. Choices C and D are incorrect
because these groups are larger than the population from which the random sample was chosen. Therefore, the sample
isn’t representative of these groups.


Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 642519d7
A polling agency recently surveyed 1,000 adults who were selected at random
from a large city and asked each of the adults, “Are you satisfied with the quality
of air in the city?” Of those surveyed, 78 percent responded that they were
satisfied with the quality of air in the city. Based on the results of the survey,
which of the following statements must be true?
Of all adults in the city, 78 percent are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.
If another 1,000 adults selected at random from the city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are
satisfied with the quality of air in the city.
If 1,000 adults selected at random from a different city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are
satisfied with the quality of air in the city.
A. None
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I and III only
ID: 642519d7 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Statement I need not be true. The fact that 78% of the 1,000 adults who were surveyed responded
that they were satisfied with the air quality in the city does not mean that the exact same percentage of all adults in the
city will be satisfied with the air quality in the city. Statement II need not be true because random samples, even when
they are of the same size, are not necessarily identical with regard to percentages of people in them who have a certain
opinion. Statement III need not be true for the same reason that statement II need not be true: results from different
samples can vary. The variation may be even bigger for this sample since it would be selected from a different city.
Therefore, none of the statements must be true.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because none of the statements must be true.

Question ID 912cd125

probability
ID: 912cd125
For a science project, Anka recorded whether it rained each weekday and weekend day for 12 weeks. Her results are
summarized in the table below.
Weekday and Weekend Day Rain for 12 Weeks
Rain No rain Total
Number of weekdays 12 48 60
Number of weekend days 8 16 24
Total 20 64 84
If one of the days on which there was no rain is selected at random, what is the
probability the day was a weekend day?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 912cd125 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. There were 64 days with no rain. It was a weekend day for 16 of those 64 days. So 16 out of 64 of the
days with no rain were weekend days. Because the day is selected at random, each day has an equal chance of being
selected, so the probability is .
Choice A is incorrect. It is the probability that a day selected at random from any one of the days during the 12 weeks is a
weekend day with no rain. Choice C is incorrect. It is the probability that a day selected at random from the weekend days
has no rain. Choice D is incorrect. It is the probability that a day selected at random from the days with no rain is a
weekday.

Question ID 6a715bed

probability
ID: 6a715bed
The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for participants in a study.
– years – years years Total
Group A
Group B
Group C
Total
One of these participants will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a participant from group A,
given that the participant is at least years of age? (Express your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)
ID: 6a715bed Answer

Rationale
23
The correct answer is . It's given that one of the participants will be selected at random. The probability of selecting a
60
participant from group A given that the participant is at least 10 years of age is the number of participants in group A who
are at least 10 years of age divided by the total number of participants who are at least 10 years of age. The table shows
that in group A, there are 14 participants who are 10–19 years of age and 9 participants who are 20 + years of age.
Therefore, there are 14 + 9, or 23, participants in group A who are at least 10 years of age. The table also shows that there
are a total of 30 participants who are 10–19 years of age and 30 participants who are 20 + years of age. Therefore, there
are a total of 30 + 30, or 60, participants who are at least 10 years of age. It follows that the probability of selecting a
23
participant from group A given that the participant is at least 10 years of age is . Note that 23/60, .3833, and 0.383 are
60

Question ID 8cbf1415

and Data Analysis
ID: 8cbf1415
In a group, % of the items are red. Of all the red items in the group, % also have stripes. What percentage of the
items in the group are red with stripes?
A. %
B. %
C. %
D. %
ID: 8cbf1415 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that in a group, 40% of the items are red. It follows that the number of red items in the group
can be represented by 0 . 4𝑥, where 𝑥 represents the total number of items in the group. It’s also given that of all the red
items in the group, 30% also have stripes. It follows that the number of items in the group that are red and have stripes
can be represented by 0 . 30 . 4𝑥, or 0 . 12𝑥. The expression 0 . 12𝑥 represents 12% of 𝑥. Since 𝑥 represents the total number
of items in the group, it follows that 12% of the items in the group are red and have stripes.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from subtracting 30% from 40% rather than calculating 30% of 40%.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from adding 30% and 40% rather than calculating 30% of 40%.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from calculating the percentage that 30% is of 40% rather than calculating 30% of 40%
.

Question ID 3c5b19ef

scatterplots
ID: 3c5b19ef
The scatterplot above shows the number of visitors to a railroad museum in

Pennsylvania each year from 1968 to 1980, where t is the number of years since
1968 and n is the number of visitors. A line of best fit is also shown. Which of
the following could be an equation of the line of best fit shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 3c5b19ef Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. An equation of a line of best fit can be written in the form , where a is the y-intercept of
the line and b is the slope. In the scatterplot shown, the line of best fit intersects the y-axis just over halfway between
10,000 and 20,000, or approximately 16,000. The line of best fit also intersects the graph at . Using the slope
formula and two points that lie on the graph such as and , the slope can be
approximated as , or 4,800. Only choice A has a y-intercept near the estimate of 16,000 and a slope
near the estimate of 4,800. Therefore, an equation of the line of best fit could be .
Choice B is incorrect because the values for the slope and the y-coordinate of the y-intercept are switched. Choice C is
incorrect because the value for the slope is approximately double the actual slope. Choice D is incorrect because the
values for the slope and the y-intercept are switched and because the slope is approximately double the actual slope.


and Data Analysis
ID: 96a45430
A number n is increased 6%. If the result is

318, what is the value of n ?
A. 199
B. 299
C. 300
D. 337
ID: 96a45430 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The decimal equivalent of 6% is 0.06. Since increasing the number n by 6% yields the number 318,
this situation can be represented by the equation , or . Dividing both sides of this
equation by 1.06 yields .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the result when n is increased by 60%, not by 6%. Choice B is incorrect. This is the
approximate result of decreasing 318 by 6%. Choice D is incorrect. This is the approximate result of increasing 318 by
6%.

Question ID 5c3c2e3c

measures of center
and spread
ID: 5c3c2e3c
The weights, in pounds, for 15 horses in a stable were reported, and the mean,
median, range, and standard deviation for the data were found. The horse with
the lowest reported weight was found to actually weigh 10 pounds less than its
reported weight. What value remains unchanged if the four values are reported
using the corrected weight?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Range
D. Standard deviation
ID: 5c3c2e3c Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The median weight is found by ordering the horses’ weights from least to greatest and then
determining the middle value from this list of weights. Decreasing the value for the horse with the lowest weight doesn’t
affect the median since it’s still the lowest value.
Choice A is incorrect. The mean is calculated by finding the sum of all the weights of the horses and then dividing by the
number of horses. Decreasing one of the weights would decrease the sum and therefore decrease the mean. Choice C is
incorrect. Range is the difference between the highest and lowest weights, so decreasing the lowest weight would
increase the range. Choice D is incorrect. Standard deviation is calculated based on the mean weight of the horses.
Decreasing one of the weights decreases the mean and therefore would affect the standard deviation.

Question ID 30db8f77

probability
ID: 30db8f77
At a conference, there are a total of attendees. Each attendee is assigned to either group A, group B, or group C. If
one of these attendees is selected at random, the probability of selecting an attendee who is assigned to group A is
and the probability of selecting an attendee who is assigned to group B is . How many attendees are assigned to
group C?
ID: 30db8f77 Answer

Correct Answer: 88
Rationale
The correct answer is 88. It's given that there are a total of 275 attendees and each attendee is assigned to either group A,
group B, or group C. It's also given that if one of these attendees is selected at random, the probability of selecting an
attendee who is assigned to group A is 0.44 and the probability of selecting an attendee who is assigned to group B is
0.24. It follows that there are 0.44275, or 121, attendees who are assigned to group A and 0.24275, or 66, attendees who are
assigned to group B. The number of attendees who are assigned to group C is the number of attendees who are not
assigned to group A or group B. In other words, the number of attendees who are assigned to group C is the total number
of attendees minus the number of attendees who are assigned to group A and group B. Therefore, the number of
attendees who are assigned to group C is 275 - 121 - 66, or 88.

Question ID d0430601

scatterplots
ID: d0430601
Each dot in the scatterplot above represents the temperature and the number of
people who visited a beach in Lagos, Nigeria, on one of eleven different days.
The line of best fit for the data is also shown. The line of best fit for the data has
a slope of approximately 57. According to this estimate, how many additional
people per day are predicted to visit the beach for each 5°C increase in average
temperature?
ID: d0430601 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 285. The number of people predicted to visit the beach each day is represented by the y-values of
the line of best fit, and the average temperature, in degrees Celsius ( ), is represented by the x-values. Since the slope
of the line of best fit is approximately 57, the y-value, or the number of people predicted to visit the beach each day,
increases by 57 for every x-value increase of 1, or every increase in average temperature. Therefore, an increase of
in average temperature corresponds to a y-value increase of additional people per day predicted to
visit the beach.


measures of center
and spread
ID: 9110c120
Which of the following statements about the means and medians

of data set A and data set B is true?
A. Only the means are different.
B. Only the medians are different.
C. Both the means and the medians are different.
D. Neither the means nor the medians are different.
ID: 9110c120 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The mean of a data set is the sum of the values divided by the number of values. The mean of data
set A is , or 5. The mean of data set B is , or 14.5. Thus, the means are different. The median of a data set is
the middle value when the values are ordered from least to greatest. The medians of data sets A and B are both 5.
Therefore, the medians are the same, so only the means are different.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID b2f6f17d

and Data Analysis
ID: b2f6f17d
A customer’s monthly water bill was $75.74. Due to a rate increase, her monthly
bill is now $79.86. To the nearest tenth of a percent, by what percent did the
amount of the customer’s water bill increase?
A. 4.1%
B. 5.1%
C. 5.2%
D. 5.4%
ID: b2f6f17d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. To find the percent increase of the customer’s water bill, the absolute increase of the bill, in dollars, is
divided by the original amount of the bill, and the result is multiplied by 100%, as follows: ;
.
Choice A is incorrect. This choice is the difference rounded to the nearest tenth, which is the (absolute)
increase of the bill’s amount, not its percent increase. Choice B is incorrect and may be the result of some calculation
errors. Choice C is incorrect and is the result of dividing the difference between the two bill amounts by the new bill
amount instead of the original bill amount.

Question ID ab7740a8

scatterplots
ID: ab7740a8
In which of the following tables is the relationship between the values of x and
their corresponding y-values nonlinear?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ab7740a8 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The relationship between the values of x and their corresponding y-values is nonlinear if the rate of
change between these pairs of values isn’t constant. The table for choice D gives four pairs of values: , ,
, and . Finding the rate of change, or slope, between and by using the slope formula, ,
yields , or 6. Finding the rate of change between and yields , or 12. Finding the rate of
change between and yields , or 24. Since the rate of change isn’t constant for these pairs of
values, this table shows a nonlinear relationship.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The rate of change between the values of x and their corresponding y-values in each of
these tables is constant, being 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Therefore, each of these tables shows a linear relationship.

Question ID 38a9ac45

probability
ID: 38a9ac45
If 1,200 customers register for new accounts at a social media website every
day, what fraction of the first 60,000 new accounts are registered in the first 5
days?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 38a9ac45 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. If 1,200 customers register for new accounts every day, then (1,200)(5) = 6,000 customers registered
for new accounts in the first 5 days. Therefore, of the first 60,000 new accounts that were registered, , or ,
were registered in the first 5 days.
Choice A is incorrect. The fraction represents the fraction of accounts registered in 1 of the first 5 days. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from conceptual or computation errors. Choice D is incorrect. The fraction represents the
fraction of the first 60,000 accounts that were registered in 1 day.

Question ID eb672707

relationships, and
units
ID: eb672707
How many tablespoons are equivalent to teaspoons?
ID: eb672707 Answer

Correct Answer: 14/3, 4.666, 4.667
Rationale
14
The correct answer is . It's given that 3 teaspoons is equivalent to 1 tablespoon. Therefore, 14 teaspoons is equivalent
3
1 tablespoon 14
to 14 teaspoons , or tablespoons. Note that 14/3, 4.666, and 4.667 are examples of ways to enter a correct
3 teaspoons 3
answer.

Question ID 881ef5f5

measures of center
and spread
ID: 881ef5f5
If a is the mean and b is the median of nine consecutive

integers, what is the value of ?
ID: 881ef5f5 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 0. Any nine consecutive integers can be written as , , , , , , , ,
. The mean of the integers is their sum divided by 9: , which simplifies

to . So . Since there is an odd number of integers (nine), the median is the integer in the middle when all
the integers are ordered from least to greatest: . So . Therefore, , which is 0.


and Data Analysis
ID: 55818046
According to the 2010 Census, the adult population aged 18 years or greater of the United States in 2010 was
234,564,071. In 2010, a survey was conducted among a randomly chosen sample of adults aged 18 years or greater in
the United States about their preference to live in a warm climate or a cool climate. The table below displays a summary
of the survey results.
Climate Preferences
No
Warm Cool Total
preference
18–35 years old 295 168 45 508
36–50 years old 246 123 41 410
51–65 years old 238 117 48 403
Greater than 65
137 78 64 279
years old
Total 916 486 198 1,600
Which of the following is closest to the difference between the percentage of

adults aged 18–50 years who responded “warm” and the percentage of adults
aged 51 years or greater who responded “warm”?
A. 4%
B. 5%
C. 10%
D. 18%
ID: 55818046 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The percentage of adults aged 18–50 who responded “warm” is , or about
58.9%. The percentage of adults aged 51 years or greater who responded “warm” is , or about
55.0%. The difference between 58.9% and 55.0% is 3.9%. Of the answer choices, 4% is closest to this number.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question ID aa43b41f

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: aa43b41f
Near the end of a US cable news show, the host invited viewers to respond to a
poll on the show’s website that asked, “Do you support the new federal policy
discussed during the show?” At the end of the show, the host reported that 28%
responded “Yes,” and 70% responded “No.” Which of the following best explains
why the results are unlikely to represent the sentiments of the population of the
United States?
A. The percentages do not add up to 100%, so any possible conclusions from the poll are invalid.
B. Those who responded to the poll were not a random sample of the population of the United States.
C. There were not 50% “Yes” responses and 50% “No” responses.
D. The show did not allow viewers enough time to respond to the poll.
ID: aa43b41f Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. In order for the poll results from a sample of a population to represent the entire population, the
sample must be representative of the population. A sample that is randomly selected from a population is more likely
than a sample of the type described to represent the population. In this case, the people who responded were people with
access to cable television and websites, which aren’t accessible to the entire population. Moreover, the people who
responded also chose to watch the show and respond to the poll. The people who made these choices aren’t
representative of the entire population of the United States because they were not a random sample of the population of
the United States.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they present reasons unrelated to whether the sample is representative of the
population of the United States.

Question ID b6569d0e

probability
ID: b6569d0e
United States
Presidents
from 1789 to
2015
Ages Number
40–44 2
45–49 7
50–54 13
55–59 11
60–64 7
65–69 3
The table above gives the number of United States presidents from 1789 to 2015
whose age at the time they first took office is within the interval listed. Of those
presidents who were at least 50 years old when they first took office, what
fraction were at least 60 years old?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b6569d0e Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The sample space is restricted to the presidents who were at least 50 years old when they first took
office. Therefore, the sum of the values in the final four rows of the table, , is the total number of
presidents in the sample space. The number of presidents who were at least 60 years old is the sum of the values in the
final two rows of the table: . Thus, the fraction of the 34 presidents who were at least 50 years old when they
first took office who were at least 60 years old is .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the fraction of all presidents in the table who were at least 60 years old when they first took
office. Choice C is incorrect and may result from treating the number of presidents who were between 50 and 59 years
old when they first took office, instead of the number of presidents who were at least 50 years old, as the sample space.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question ID 5dc386fb

probability
ID: 5dc386fb
The table below shows the distribution of US states according to whether they have a state-level sales tax and a state-
level income tax.
2013 State-Level Taxes
State sales tax No state sales tax
State income tax 39 4
No state income tax 6 1
To the nearest tenth of a percent, what percent of states with a state-level sales
tax do not have a state-level income tax?
A. 6.0%
B. 12.0%
C. 13.3%
D. 14.0%
ID: 5dc386fb Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The sum of the number of states with a state-level sales tax is . Of these states, 6
don’t have a state-level income tax. Therefore, , or about 13.3%, of states with a state-level sales tax
don’t have a state-level income tax.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the number of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax. Choice
B is incorrect. This is the percent of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax. Choice D is
incorrect. This is the percent of states that have no state-level income tax.

Question ID 1180401d

relationships, and
units
ID: 1180401d
The total area of a coastal city is 92.1 square miles, of which 11.3 square miles
is water. If the city had a population of 621,000 people in the year 2010, which of
the following is closest to the population density, in people per square mile of
land area, of the city at that time?
A. 6,740
B. 7,690
C. 55,000
D. 76,000
ID: 1180401d Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The land area of the coastal city can be found by subtracting the area of the water from the total area
of the coastal city; that is, square miles. The population density is the population divided by the land
area, or , which is closest to 7,690 people per square mile.
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of dividing the population by the total area, instead of the land area. Choice C
is incorrect and may be the result of dividing the population by the area of water. Choice D is incorrect and may be the
result of making a computational error with the decimal place.

Question ID f6cbb04a

relationships, and
units
ID: f6cbb04a
The equation above can be used to calculate the distance d, in miles, traveled by
a car moving at a speed of 55 miles per hour over a period of t hours. For any
positive constant k, the distance the car would have traveled after hours is
how many times the distance the car would have traveled after hours?
A. 3
B. 6
C.
D.
ID: f6cbb04a Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since the distance is equal to the amount of time multiplied by a constant, the given equation
represents a proportional relationship between distance and time in this situation. Since , the time
when hours is 3 times the time when hours. Therefore, the distance traveled after hours is 3 times the
distance after hours.
Choices B and D are incorrect and may result from interpreting the proportional relationship between time and distance
as additive rather than multiplicative. Choice C is incorrect and may result from an arithmetic error.

Question ID 98958ae8

measures of center
and spread
ID: 98958ae8
Data set A consists of the heights of objects and has a mean of meters. Data set B consists of the heights of
objects and has a mean of meters. Data set C consists of the heights of the objects from data sets A and B.
What is the mean, in meters, of data set C?
ID: 98958ae8 Answer

Correct Answer: 41
Rationale
The correct answer is 41. The mean of a data set is computed by dividing the sum of the values in the data set by the
number of values in the data set. It’s given that data set A consists of the heights of 75 objects and has a mean of 25
𝑥
meters. This can be represented by the equation = 25, where 𝑥 represents the sum of the heights of the objects, in
75
meters, in data set A. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 75 yields 𝑥 = 7525, or 𝑥 = 1,875 meters. Therefore, the
sum of the heights of the objects in data set A is 1,875 meters. It’s also given that data set B consists of the heights of 50
𝑦
objects and has a mean of 65 meters. This can be represented by the equation = 65, where 𝑦 represents the sum of the
50
heights of the objects, in meters, in data set B. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 50 yields 𝑦 = 5065, or 𝑦 = 3,250
meters. Therefore, the sum of the heights of the objects in data set B is 3,250 meters. Since it’s given that data set C
consists of the heights of the 125 objects from data sets A and B, it follows that the mean of data set C is the sum of the
heights of the objects, in meters, in data sets A and B divided by the number of objects represented in data sets A and B,
1,875 + 3,250
or , which is equivalent to 41 meters. Therefore, the mean, in meters, of data set C is 41.
125

Question ID 4a422e3e

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 4a422e3e
To determine the mean number of children per household in a community,

Tabitha surveyed 20 families at a playground. For the 20 families surveyed, the
mean number of children per household was 2.4. Which of the following
statements must be true?
A. The mean number of children per household in the community is 2.4.
A determination about the mean number of children per household in the community should not be made because
B. the sample size is too small.
The sampling method is flawed and may produce a biased estimate of the mean number of children per household in
C. the community.
The sampling method is not flawed and is likely to produce an unbiased estimate of the mean number of children per
D. household in the community.
ID: 4a422e3e Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. In order to use a sample mean to estimate the mean for a population, the sample must be
representative of the population (for example, a simple random sample). In this case, Tabitha surveyed 20 families in a
playground. Families in the playground are more likely to have children than other households in the community.
Therefore, the sample isn’t representative of the population. Hence, the sampling method is flawed and may produce a
biased estimate.
Choices A and D are incorrect because they incorrectly assume the sampling method is unbiased. Choice B is incorrect
because a sample of size 20 could be large enough to make an estimate if the sample had been representative of all the
families in the community.

Question ID e821a26d

scatterplots
ID: e821a26d
The scatterplot below shows the amount of electric energy generated, in millions of megawatt-hours, by nuclear
sources over a 10‑year period.
Of the following equations, which best models the data in the scatterplot?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e821a26d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The data in the scatterplot roughly fall in the shape of a downward-opening parabola; therefore, the
coefficient for the term must be negative. Based on the location of the data points, the y-intercept of the parabola
should be somewhere between 740 and 760. Therefore, of the equations given, the best model is
.
Choices A and C are incorrect. The positive coefficient of the term means that these equations each define upward-
opening parabolas, whereas a parabola that fits the data in the scatterplot must open downward. Choice B is incorrect
because it defines a parabola with a y-intercept that has a negative y-coordinate, whereas a parabola that fits the data in
the scatterplot must have a y-intercept with a positive y-coordinate.
Question ID 9eb896c5

scatterplots
ID: 9eb896c5
Which of the following could be the equation for a line of best fit for the
data shown in the scatterplot above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 9eb896c5 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The data show a strong linear relationship between x and y. The line of best fit for a set of data is a
linear equation that minimizes the distances from the data points to the line. An equation for the line of best fit can be
written in slope-intercept form, , where m is the slope of the graph of the line and b is the y-coordinate of the
y-intercept of the graph. Since, for the data shown, the y-values increase as the x-values increase, the slope of a line of
best fit must be positive. The data shown lie almost in a line, so the slope can be roughly estimated using the formula for
slope, . The leftmost and rightmost data points have coordinates of about and , so the slope
is approximately , which is a little greater than 3. Extension of the line to the left would intersect the y-axis
at about . Only choice A represents a line with a slope close to 3 and a y-intercept close to .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from switching the slope and y-intercept. The line with a y-intercept of and a
slope of 0.8 is farther from the data points than the line with a slope of 3 and a y-intercept of . Choices C and D
are incorrect. They represent lines with negative slopes, not positive slopes.

Question ID 9d935bd8

measures of center
and spread
ID: 9d935bd8
A survey was given to residents of all 50 states asking if they had earned a
bachelor’s degree or higher. The results from 7 of the states are given in the
table above. The median percent of residents who earned a bachelor’s degree or
higher for all 50 states was 26.95%. What is the difference between the median
percent of residents who earned a bachelor’s degree or higher for these 7 states
and the median for all 50 states?
A. 0.05%
B. 0.95%
C. 1.22%
D. 7.45%
ID: 9d935bd8 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The median of a set of numbers is the middle value of the set values when ordered from least to
greatest. If the percents in the table are ordered from least to greatest, the middle value is 27.9%. The difference between
27.9% and 26.95% is 0.95%.
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of calculation errors or not finding the median of the data in the table
correctly. Choice C is incorrect and may be the result of finding the mean instead of the median. Choice D is incorrect and
may be the result of using the middle value of the unordered list.

Question ID 8c5dbd3e

and Data Analysis
ID: 8c5dbd3e
The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value of ?
ID: 8c5dbd3e Answer

Correct Answer: 189/4, 47.25
Rationale
110
The correct answer is 47.25. It’s given that the number 𝑤 is 110% greater than the number 𝑧. It follows that 𝑤 = 1 + 𝑧, or
100
55
𝑤 = 2.1𝑧. It’s also given that the number 𝑧 is 55% less than 50. It follows that 𝑧 = 1 - 50, or 𝑧 = 0.4550, which yields
100
𝑧 = 22.5. Substituting 22.5 for 𝑧 in the equation 𝑤 = 2.1𝑧 yields 𝑤 = 2.122.5, which is equivalent to 𝑤 = 47.25. Therefore, the
value of 𝑤 is 47.25. Note that 47.25 and 189/4 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 9e2bf782

measures of center
and spread
ID: 9e2bf782
A fish hatchery has three tanks for holding fish before they are introduced into
the wild. Ten fish weighing less than 5 ounces are placed in tank A. Eleven fish
weighing at least 5 ounces but no more than 13 ounces are placed in tank B.
Twelve fish weighing more than 13 ounces are placed in tank C. Which of the
following could be the median of the weights, in ounces, of these 33 fish?
A. 4.5
B. 8
C. 13.5
D. 15
ID: 9e2bf782 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The median of a set of numbers is the middle number when the values in the set are ordered from
least to greatest. There are 33 fish, so in an ordered list of the weights, the 17th value would be the median weight. The
10 fish in tank A weigh the least, and these 10 weights would be the first 10 values on the ordered list. The 11 fish in tank
B have the next set of higher weights, and so would be the 11th through 21st weights in the ordered list, which includes
the median weight as the 17th value. The fish in tank B weigh at least 5 ounces but no more than 13 ounces; of the given
choices, only 8 ounces falls within this range of values.
Choice A is incorrect. It’s given that tank A has ten fish weighing less than 5 ounces. Since there are more than ten fish in
tanks B and C combined, the median weight cannot be less than 5 ounces. Choice C and D are incorrect. It’s given that
tank C has twelve fish weighing more than 13 ounces. There are more than twelve fish in tanks A and B combined, so the
median weight can’t be more than 13 ounces.

Question ID 9ba3e283

and margin of error
ID: 9ba3e283
In State X, Mr. Camp’s eighth-grade class consisting of 26 students was

surveyed and 34.6 percent of the students reported that they had at least two
siblings. The average eighth‑grade class size in the state is 26. If the students in
Mr. Camp’s class are representative of students in the state’s eighth-grade
classes and there are 1,800 eighth-grade classes in the state, which of the
following best estimates the number of eighth‑grade students in the state who
have fewer than two siblings?
A. 16,200
B. 23,400
C. 30,600
D. 46,800
ID: 9ba3e283 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It is given that 34.6% of 26 students in Mr. Camp’s class reported that they had at least two siblings.
Since 34.6% of 26 is 8.996, there must have been 9 students in the class who reported having at least two siblings and
17 students who reported that they had fewer than two siblings. It is also given that the average eighth-grade class size
in the state is 26 and that Mr. Camp’s class is representative of all eighth-grade classes in the state. This means that in
each eighth-grade class in the state there are about 17 students who have fewer than two siblings. Therefore, the best
estimate of the number of eighth-grade students in the state who have fewer than two siblings is 17 × (number of eighth-
grade classes in the state), or .
Choice A is incorrect because 16,200 is the best estimate for the number of eighth-grade students in the state who have
at least, not fewer than, two siblings. Choice B is incorrect because 23,400 is half of the estimated total number of
eighth-grade students in the state; however, since the students in Mr. Camp’s class are representative of students in the
eighth-grade classes in the state and more than half of the students in Mr. Camp’s class have fewer than two siblings,
more than half of the students in each eighth-grade class in the state have fewer than two siblings, too. Choice D is
incorrect because 46,800 is the estimated total number of eighth-grade students in the state.


relationships, and
units
ID: 89c39d77
A competition consisted of four different events. One participant completed the first event with an average speed of
miles per hour. What was this average speed, in yards per hour?
ID: 89c39d77 Answer

Correct Answer: 35728
Rationale
The correct answer is 35,728. It's given that 1 mile = 1,760 yards. It follows that an average speed of 20.300 miles per
20.300 miles 1,760 yards
hour is equivalent to , or 35,728 yards per hour.
1 hour 1 mile

Question ID 8193e8cd

measures of center
and spread
ID: 8193e8cd
The mean of the list of numbers above is what fraction of

the sum of the five numbers?
ID: 8193e8cd Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . The mean of the list of numbers is found by dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of
values in the list. Since there are 5 numbers in the list, the mean is of the sum of the numbers. Note that 1/5 and .2
are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.


scatterplots
ID: 79137c1b
The scatterplot above shows the size x and the sale price y of 25 houses for sale
in Town H. Which of the following could be an equation for a line of best fit for
the data?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 79137c1b Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. From the shape of the cluster of points, the line of best fit should pass roughly through the points
and . Therefore, these two points can be used to find an approximate equation for the line of best fit.
The slope of this line of best fit is therefore , or 100. The equation for the line of best fit, in slope-
intercept form, is for some value of b. Using the point , 1 can be substituted for x and 200 can be
substituted for y: , or . Substituting this value into the slope-intercept form of the equation
gives .
Choice A is incorrect. The line defined by passes through the points and , both of which
are well above the cluster of points, so it cannot be a line of best fit. Choice C is incorrect. The line defined by
passes through the points and , both of which lie at the bottom of the cluster of points,
so it cannot be a line of best fit. Choice D is incorrect and may result from correctly calculating the slope of a line of best
fit but incorrectly assuming the y-intercept is at .

Question ID 89f8d08a

and margin of error
ID: 89f8d08a
A store manager reviewed the receipts from 80 customers who were selected at
random from all the customers who made purchases last Thursday. Of those
selected, 20 receipts showed that the customer had purchased fruit. If
1,500 customers made purchases last Thursday, which of the following is the
most appropriate conclusion?
A. Exactly 75 customers must have purchased fruit last Thursday.
B. Exactly 375 customers must have purchased fruit last Thursday.
C. The best estimate for the number of customers who purchased fruit last Thursday is 75.
D. The best estimate for the number of customers who purchased fruit last Thursday is 375.
ID: 89f8d08a Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the manager took a random selection of the receipts of 80 customers from a total of
1,500. It’s also given that of those 80 receipts, 20 showed that the customer had purchased fruit. This means that an
appropriate estimate of the fraction of customers who purchased fruit is , or . Multiplying this fraction by the total
number of customers yields . Therefore, the best estimate for the number of customers who
purchased fruit is 375.
Choices A and B are incorrect because an exact number of customers can’t be known from taking a random selection.
Additionally, choice A may also be the result of a calculation error. Choice C is incorrect and may result from a calculation
error.


measures of center
and spread
ID: 54d93874
Masses (kilograms)
Andrew 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.5 2.7
Maria x 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8
Andrew and Maria each collected six rocks, and the masses of the rocks are
shown in the table above. The mean of the masses of the rocks Maria collected
is 0.1 kilogram greater than the mean of the masses of the rocks Andrew
collected. What is the value of x ?
ID: 54d93874 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 2.6. Since the mean of a set of numbers can be found by adding the numbers together and dividing
by how many numbers there are in the set, the mean mass, in kilograms, of the rocks Andrew collected is
, or 2.8. Since the mean mass of the rocks Maria collected is 0.1 kilogram
greater than the mean mass of rocks Andrew collected, the mean mass of the rocks Maria collected is
kilograms. The value of x can be found by writing an equation for finding the mean:
. Solving this equation gives . Note that 2.6 and 13/5 are examples of

Question ID a3384df0

probability
ID: a3384df0
Penguin Exhibit
Type of penguin Male Female Total
Chinstrap 41 59 100
Emperor 8 27 35
Gentoo 49 54 103
Macaroni 42 40 82
Total 140 180 320
The number of penguins in a zoo exhibit, sorted by gender and type of penguin,
is shown in the table above. Which type of penguin has a female population that
is the closest to being of the total female penguin population in the exhibit?
A. Chinstrap
B. Emperor
C. Gentoo
D. Macaroni
ID: a3384df0 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It is given that there are 180 female penguins in the exhibit. Therefore, of the female penguins is
penguins. According to the table, there are 59 female chinstrap penguins, 27 female emperor penguins,
54 female gentoo penguins, and 40 female macaroni penguins. So the female chinstrap penguin population is the closest
to 60, or of the total female population in the exhibit.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from reading data from the table incorrectly. Since the total female
penguin population is 180, of the total female penguin population is 60. The numbers of female emperor (27), female
gentoo (54), and female macaroni (40) penguins are not as close to 60 as the number of female chinstrap penguins (59).

Question ID af142f8d

scatterplots
ID: af142f8d
Amount invested Balance increase
Account A $500 6% annual interest
Account B $1,000 $25 per year
Two investments were made as shown in the table above. The interest in
Account A is compounded once per year. Which of the following is true about
the investments?
A. Account A always earns more money per year than Account B.
B. Account A always earns less money per year than Account B.
C. Account A earns more money per year than Account B at first but eventually earns less money per year.
D. Account A earns less money per year than Account B at first but eventually earns more money per year.
ID: af142f8d Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Account A starts with $500 and earns interest at 6% per year, so in the first year Account A earns
(500)(0.06) = $30, which is greater than the $25 that Account B earns that year. Compounding interest can be modeled
by an increasing exponential function, so each year Account A will earn more money than it did the previous year.
Therefore, each year Account A earns at least $30 in interest. Since Account B always earns $25 each year, Account A
always earns more money per year than Account B.
Choices B and D are incorrect. Account A earns $30 in the first year, which is greater than the $25 Account B earns in the
first year. Therefore, neither the statement that Account A always earns less money per year than Account B nor the
statement that Account A earns less money than Account B at first can be true. Choice C is incorrect. Since
compounding interest can be modeled by an increasing exponential function, each year Account A will earn more money
than it did the previous year. Therefore, Account A always earns at least $30 per year, which is more than the $25 per year
that Account B earns.

Question ID 566759ef

and Data Analysis
ID: 566759ef
Thomas installed a new stove in his restaurant. At the time of installation, the
stove had a value of $800. Thomas estimates that each year the value of the
stove will depreciate by 20% of the previous year’s estimated value. What is the
estimated value of the stove exactly 2 years after Thomas installed it?
A. $480
B. $512
C. $556
D. $640
ID: 566759ef Answer
Rationale
Choice B is correct. If the stove’s value depreciates by 20% of the previous year’s estimated value, then each year it
retains 100% – 20% = 80%, or 0.80, of the previous year’s estimated value. Since the stove’s value was $800 when
Thomas installed it, the estimated value after two years would be (0.80)(0.80)($800) = $512.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of the stove if each year it had depreciated by 20% of the original value rather than
by 20% of the previous year’s estimated value. Choice C is incorrect and may be the result of a computational error.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the estimated value of the stove 1 year after Thomas installed it, not 2 years.

Question ID 9ee22c16

and margin of error
ID: 9ee22c16
A random sample of 400 town voters were asked if they plan to vote for Candidate A or Candidate B for mayor. The
results were sorted by gender and are shown in the table below.
Plan to Plan to
vote for vote for
Candidate Candidate
A B
Female 202 20
Male 34 144
The town has a total of 6,000 voters. Based on the table, what is the best estimate of the number of voters who plan to
vote for Candidate A?
ID: 9ee22c16 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 3,540. According to the table, of 400 voters randomly sampled, the total number of men and
women who plan to vote for Candidate A is . The best estimate of the total number of voters in the town
who plan to vote for Candidate A is the fraction of voters in the sample who plan to vote for Candidate A, ,
multiplied by the total voter population of 6000. Therefore, the answer is .

Question ID 46b2e169

probability
ID: 46b2e169
A box contains red pens and blue pens. If one of these pens is selected at random, what is the probability of
selecting a red pen? (Express your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)
ID: 46b2e169 Answer

Rationale
13
The correct answer is . It's given that a box contains 13 red pens and 37 blue pens. If one of these pens is selected at
50
random, the probability of selecting a red pen is the number of red pens in the box divided by the number of red and blue
pens in the box. The number of red and blue pens in the box is 13 + 37, or 50. Since there are 13 red pens in the box, it
13
follows that the probability of selecting a red pen is . Note that 13/50 and .26 are examples of ways to enter a correct
50
answer.


and Data Analysis
ID: 8213b1b3
According to a set of standards, a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of phosphorus by mass. If
a sample of this substance has a mass of grams, what is the maximum mass, in grams, of phosphorus the sample
can contain to meet these standards?
ID: 8213b1b3 Answer

Correct Answer: .0014
Rationale
The correct answer is .0014 . It's given that a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of 0.001% phosphorus by
mass to meet a set of standards. If a sample of the substance has a mass of 140 grams, it follows that the maximum
0.001
mass, in grams, of phosphorus the sample can contain to meet the standards is 0.001% of 140, or 140, which is
100
equivalent to 0.00001140, or 0.0014. Note that .0014 and 0.001 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID f8696cd8

probability
ID: f8696cd8
Human Resources Accounting
Bachelor’s degree 4 3
Master’s degree 2 6
The table above shows the number of people who work in the Human Resources
and Accounting departments of a company and the highest level of education
they have completed. A person from one of these departments is to be chosen
at random. If the person chosen works in the Human Resources department,
what is the probability that the highest level of education the person completed
is a master’s degree?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f8696cd8 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. In total, there are 6 people in the Human Resources department. Of those 6, 2 have a master’s degree
as their highest level of education. Therefore, the probability of an employee selected at random from the Human
Resources department having a master’s degree is , which simplifies to .
Choice A is incorrect; it is the probability that an employee selected at random from either department will be in the
Human Resources department and have a master’s degree. Choice C is incorrect; it is the probability that an employee
with a master’s degree selected at random will be in the Human Resources department. Choice D is incorrect; it is the
probability that an employee selected at random from either department will have a master’s degree.

Question ID 34f8cd89

and Data Analysis
ID: 34f8cd89
of the items in a box are green. Of those, are also rectangular. Of the green rectangular items, are also
metal. Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the items in the box that are not rectangular green metal
items?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 34f8cd89 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that 37% of the items in a box are green. Let 𝑥 represent the total number of items in the
37
box. It follows that 𝑥, or 0.37𝑥, items in the box are green. It's also given that of those, 37% are also rectangular.
100
37
Therefore, 0.37𝑥, or 0.1369𝑥, items in the box are green rectangular items. It's also given that of the green rectangular
100
42
items, 42% are also metal. Therefore, 0.1369𝑥, or 0.057498𝑥, items in the box are rectangular green metal items. The
100
number of the items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is the total number of items in the box minus
the number of rectangular green metal items in the box. Therefore, the number of items in the box that are not
rectangular green metal items is 𝑥 - 0.057498𝑥, or 0.942502𝑥. The percentage of items in the box that are not rectangular
0.942502𝑥
green metal items is the percentage that 0.942502𝑥 is of 𝑥. If 𝑝% represents this percentage, the value of 𝑝 is 100 ,
𝑥
or 94.2502. Of the given choices, 94.25% is closest to the percentage of items in the box that are not rectangular green
metal items.

Question ID 20b69297

relationships, and
units
ID: 20b69297
Anita created a batch of green paint by mixing 2 ounces of blue paint with 3
ounces of yellow paint. She must mix a second batch using the same ratio of
blue and yellow paint as the first batch. If she uses 5 ounces of blue paint for the
second batch, how much yellow paint should Anita use?
A. Exactly 5 ounces
B. 3 ounces more than the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch
C. 1.5 times the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch
D. 1.5 times the amount of blue paint used in the second batch
ID: 20b69297 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that Anita used a ratio of 2 ounces of blue paint to 3 ounces of yellow paint for the first
batch. For any batch of paint that uses the same ratio, the amount of yellow paint used will be , or 1.5, times the
amount of blue paint used in the batch. Therefore, the amount of yellow paint Anita will use in the second batch will be
1.5 times the amount of blue paint used in the second batch.
Alternate approach: It’s given that Anita used a ratio of 2 ounces of blue paint to 3 ounces of yellow paint for the first
batch and that she will use 5 ounces of blue paint for the second batch. A proportion can be set up to solve for x, the
amount of yellow paint she will use for the second batch: . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 3 yields
, and multiplying both sides of this equation by x yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields
. Since Anita will use 7.5 ounces of yellow paint for the second batch, this is times the amount of
blue paint (5 ounces) used in the second batch.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly interpreting the ratio of blue paint to yellow paint used.


measures of center
and spread
ID: 94237701
For a certain computer game, individuals receive an integer score that ranges from 2 through 10. The table below shows
the frequency distribution of the scores of the 9 players in group A and the 11 players in group B.
Score
Score Frequencies
Group A Group B
2 1 0
3 1 0
4 2 0
5 1 4
6 3 2
7 0 0
8 0 2
9 1 1
10 0 2
Total 9 11
The median of the scores for group B is how much greater than the median of
the scores for group A?
ID: 94237701 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 1. When there are an odd number of values in a data set, the median of the data set is the middle
number when the data values are ordered from least to greatest. The scores for group A, ordered from least to greatest,
are 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, and 9. The median of the scores for group A is therefore 5. The scores for group B, ordered from
least to greatest, are 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 9, 10, and 10. The median of the scores for group B is therefore 6. The median
score for group B is more than the median score for group A.

Question ID 9d95e7ad

scatterplots
ID: 9d95e7ad
The scatterplot above shows the numbers of grams of both total protein and total fat for eight sandwiches on a
restaurant menu. The line of best fit for the data is also shown. According to the line of best fit, which of the following is
closest to the predicted increase in total fat, in grams, for every increase of 1 gram in total protein?
A. 2.5
B. 2.0
C. 1.5
D. 1.0
ID: 9d95e7ad Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The predicted increase in total fat, in grams, for every increase of 1 gram in total protein is
represented by the slope of the line of best fit. Any two points on the line can be used to calculate the slope of the line as
the change in total fat over the change in total protein. For instance, it can be estimated that the points and
are on the line of best fit, and the slope of the line that passes through them is , or 1.4. Of the
choices given, 1.5 is the closest to the slope of the line of best fit.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly finding ordered pairs that lie on the line of best fit or
of incorrectly calculating the slope.

Question ID ecd09c38

probability
ID: ecd09c38
Employees working for a customer service line at an electric company recorded all the calls last Monday and noted
whether the caller asked for repairs and whether the caller asked about a bill. The results are summarized in the table
below.
Asked for Did not ask

Total
repairs for repairs
Asked
48 623 671
about a bill
Did not ask

130 90 220
about a bill
Total 178 713 891
If a caller last Monday who asked about his or her bill is selected at random,
which of the following is closest to the probability that the customer also asked
for repairs?
A. 0.05
B. 0.07
C. 0.20
D. 0.27
ID: ecd09c38 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. According to the table, a total of 671 customers asked about a bill. Of these, 48 also asked for
repairs. Therefore, if a customer who asked about a bill is selected at random, the probability that the customer also
asked for repairs is .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from all customers who called on
Monday both asked for repairs and asked about a bill. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer
selected at random from all customers who called on Monday asked for repairs, regardless of whether or not the
customer asked about a bill. Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from those
who asked for repairs also asked about a bill.

Question ID e10d8313
SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles
ID: e10d8313
In the figure shown, points , , , and lie on line segment , and line segment intersects line segment at
point . The measure of is , the measure of is , the measure of is , and the
measure of is . What is the measure, in degrees, of ?
ID: e10d8313 Answer

Correct Answer: 123
Rationale
The correct answer is 123. The triangle angle sum theorem states that the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a
triangle is 180 degrees. It's given that the measure of ∠𝑆𝑄𝑋 is 48° and the measure of ∠𝑆𝑋𝑄 is 86°. Since points 𝑆, 𝑄, and
𝑋 form a triangle, it follows from the triangle angle sum theorem that the measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑄𝑆𝑋 is 180 - 48 - 86, or
46. It's also given that the measure of ∠𝑆𝑊𝑈 is 85°. Since ∠𝑆𝑊𝑈 and ∠𝑆𝑊𝑅 are supplementary angles, the sum of their
measures is 180 degrees. It follows that the measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑆𝑊𝑅 is 180 - 85, or 95. Since points 𝑅, 𝑆, and 𝑊 form
a triangle, and ∠𝑅𝑆𝑊 is the same angle as ∠𝑄𝑆𝑋, it follows from the triangle angle sum theorem that the measure, in
degrees, of ∠𝑊𝑅𝑆 is 180 - 46 - 95, or 39. It's given that the measure of ∠𝑉𝑇𝑈 is 162°. Since ∠𝑉𝑇𝑈 and ∠𝑆𝑇𝑈 are
supplementary angles, the sum of their measures is 180 degrees. It follows that the measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑆𝑇𝑈 is
180 - 162, or 18. Since points 𝑅, 𝑇, and 𝑈 form a triangle, and ∠𝑈𝑅𝑇 is the same angle as ∠𝑊𝑅𝑆, it follows from the
triangle angle sum theorem that the measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑇𝑈𝑅 is 180 - 39 - 18, or 123.

Question ID f88f27e5

ID: f88f27e5
Intersecting lines r, s, and t are shown below.
What is the value of x ?
ID: f88f27e5 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 97. The intersecting lines form a triangle, and the angle with measure of is an exterior angle of
this triangle. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two nonadjacent
interior angles of the triangle. One of these angles has measure of and the other, which is supplementary to the
angle with measure , has measure of . Therefore, the value of x is .

Question ID f67e4efc
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry
ID: f67e4efc
A right circular cylinder has a volume of . If the height of the cylinder

is 5, what is the radius of the cylinder?
A. 3
B. 4.5
C. 9
D. 40
ID: f67e4efc Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The volume of a right circular cylinder with a radius of r is the product of the area of the base, ,
and the height, h. The volume of the right circular cylinder described is and its height is 5. If the radius is r, it follows
that . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Taking the square root of both sides
yields or . Since r represents the radius, the value must be positive. Therefore, the radius is 3.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from finding that the square of the radius is 9, but then from dividing 9 by 2, rather
than taking the square root of 9. Choice C is incorrect. This represents the square of the radius. Choice D is incorrect and
may result from solving the equation for , not r, by dividing by on both sides and then by
subtracting, not dividing, 5 from both sides.

Question ID 5afbdc8e

Trigonometry
ID: 5afbdc8e
What is the length of one side of a square that has the same
area as a circle with radius 2 ?
A. 2
B.
C.
D.
ID: 5afbdc8e Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The area A of a circle with radius r is given by the formula . Thus, a circle with radius 2 has
area , which can be rewritten as . The area of a square with side length s is given by the formula . Thus,
if a square has the same area as a circle with radius 2, then . Since the side length of a square must be a
positive number, taking the square root of both sides of gives . Using the properties of square roots,
can be rewritten as , which is equivalent to . Therefore, .
Choice A is incorrect. The side length of the square isn’t equal to the radius of the circle. Choices B and D are incorrect
and may result from incorrectly simplifying the expression .

Question ID 947a3cde

ID: 947a3cde
In the figure above, and intersect at point P, , and .

What is the measure, in degrees, of ? (Disregard the degree symbol
when gridding your answer.)
ID: 947a3cde Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 30. It is given that the measure of is . Angle MPR and are collinear and
therefore are supplementary angles. This means that the sum of the two angle measures is , and so the measure
of is . The sum of the angles in a triangle is . Subtracting the measure of from yields
the sum of the other angles in the triangle MPR. Since , the sum of the measures of and
is . It is given that , so it follows that triangle MPR is isosceles. Therefore and
must be congruent. Since the sum of the measure of these two angles is , it follows that the measure of each angle
is .
An alternate approach would be to use the exterior angle theorem, noting that the measure of is equal to the
sum of the measures of and . Since both angles are equal, each of them has a measure of .

Question ID 81b664bc

ID: 81b664bc
In the figure above, , , and are parallel. Points B and E lie on and
, respectively. If , and , what is the length of
, to the nearest tenth?
A. 16.8
B. 17.5
C. 18.4
D. 19.6
ID: 81b664bc Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since , , and are parallel, quadrilaterals and are similar. Let x represent the
length of . With similar figures, the ratios of the lengths of corresponding sides are equal. It follows that
. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 18.5 and by x yields , or .

Dividing both sides of this equation by 9 yields , which to the nearest tenth is 17.5.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when setting up the proportion.

Question ID 902dc959
SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry
ID: 902dc959
In the figure above, what is the

value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 902dc959 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Angle A is an acute angle in a right triangle, so the value of tan(A) is equivalent to the ratio of the
length of the side opposite angle A, 20, to the length of the nonhypotenuse side adjacent to angle A, 21. Therefore,
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of sin(A). Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of cos(A). Choice D is incorrect.
This is the value of tan(B).

Question ID ec5d4823

Trigonometry
ID: ec5d4823
What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of a right rectangular prism that has a
length of 4 centimeters, a width of 9 centimeters, and a height of
10 centimeters?
ID: ec5d4823 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 360. The volume of a right rectangular prism is calculated by multiplying its dimensions: length,
width, and height. Multiplying the values given for these dimensions yields a volume of cubic
centimeters.


ID: 94364a79
Two nearby trees are perpendicular to the ground, which is flat. One of these trees is feet tall and has a shadow that is
feet long. At the same time, the shadow of the other tree is feet long. How tall, in feet, is the other tree?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 94364a79 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Each tree and its shadow can be modeled using a right triangle, where the height of the tree and the
length of its shadow are the legs of the triangle. At a given point in time, the right triangles formed by two nearby trees
and their respective shadows will be similar. Therefore, if the height of the other tree is 𝑥, in feet, the value of 𝑥 can be
10 feet tall 𝑥 feet tall 10 𝑥 𝑥
calculated by solving the proportional relationship = . This equation is equivalent to = , or 2 = .
5 feet long 2 feet long 5 2 2
𝑥
Multiplying each side of the equation 2 = by 2 yields 4 = 𝑥. Therefore, the other tree is 4 feet tall.
2
Choice A is incorrect and may result from calculating the difference between the lengths of the shadows, rather than the
height of the other tree.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from calculating the difference between the height of the 10-foot-tall tree and the
length of the shadow of the other tree, rather than calculating the height of the other tree.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from a conceptual or calculation error.

Question ID c8345903
SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry
ID: c8345903
The circle above has center O, the length of arc is , and
. What is the length of arc ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c8345903 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The ratio of the lengths of two arcs of a circle is equal to the ratio of the measures of the central
angles that subtend the arcs. It’s given that arc is subtended by a central angle with measure 100°. Since the sum
of the measures of the angles about a point is 360°, it follows that arc is subtended by a central angle with
measure . If s is the length of arc , then s must satisfy the ratio . Reducing the
fraction to its simplest form gives . Therefore, . Multiplying both sides of by

yields .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the length of an arc consisting of exactly half of the circle, but arc is greater than half
of the circle. Choice C is incorrect. This is the total circumference of the circle. Choice D is incorrect. This is half the
length of arc , not its full length.

Question ID bd87bc09

ID: bd87bc09
Triangle above is a right triangle, and .
What is the length of side ?
ID: bd87bc09 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 24. The sine of an acute angle in a right triangle is equal to the ratio of the length of the side
opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse. In the triangle shown, the sine of angle B, or , is equal to the
ratio of the length of side to the length of side . It’s given that the length of side is 26 and that .
Therefore, . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 26 yields .
By the Pythagorean Theorem, the relationship between the lengths of the sides of triangle ABC is as follows:
, or . Subtracting 100 from both sides of yields .
Taking the square root of both sides of yields .

Question ID 151eda3c

Trigonometry
ID: 151eda3c
A manufacturing company produces two sizes of cylindrical containers that

each have a height of 50 centimeters. The radius of container A is 16
centimeters, and the radius of container B is 25% longer than the radius of
container A. What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of container B?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 151eda3c Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. If the radius of container A is 16 centimeters and the radius of container B is 25% longer than the
radius of container A, then the radius of container B is centimeters. The volume of a cylinder is
, where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is its height. Substituting and into yields that the
volume of cylinder B is cubic centimeters.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from multiplying the radius of cylinder B by the radius of cylinder A rather than
squaring the radius of cylinder B. Choice C is incorrect and may result from multiplying the radius of cylinder B by 25
rather than squaring it. Choice D is incorrect and may result from taking the radius of cylinder B to be 25 centimeters
rather than 20 centimeters.

Question ID 2266984b

Trigonometry
ID: 2266984b
The equation above defines a circle in the xy-plane. What are the
coordinates of the center of the circle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2266984b Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The standard equation of a circle in the xy-plane is of the form , where
are the coordinates of the center of the circle and r is the radius. The given equation can be rewritten in standard form by
completing the squares. So the sum of the first two terms, , needs a 100 to complete the square, and the sum
of the second two terms, , needs a 64 to complete the square. Adding 100 and 64 to both sides of the given
equation yields , which is equivalent to
. Therefore, the coordinates of the center of the circle are .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from computational errors made when attempting to complete the
squares or when identifying the coordinates of the center.

Question ID 1429dcdf

ID: 1429dcdf
In the triangle shown, what is the value of ?
ID: 1429dcdf Answer

Correct Answer: .6956, .6957, 16/23
Rationale
16
The correct answer is . In a right triangle, the sine of an acute angle is defined as the ratio of the length of the side
23
opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse. In the triangle shown, the length of the side opposite the angle with
16
measure 𝑥° is 16 units and the length of the hypotenuse is 23 units. Therefore, the value of sin𝑥° is . Note that 16/23,
23
.6956, .6957, 0.695, and 0.696 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 69b0d79d

Trigonometry
ID: 69b0d79d
Point O is the center of the circle above, and the measure of is . If
the length of is 18, what is the length of arc ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 69b0d79d Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Because segments OA and OB are radii of the circle centered at point O, these segments have equal
lengths. Therefore, triangle AOB is an isosceles triangle, where angles OAB and OBA are congruent base angles of the
triangle. It’s given that angle OAB measures . Therefore, angle OBA also measures . Let represent the
measure of angle AOB. Since the sum of the measures of the three angles of any triangle is , it follows that
, or . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields , or
radians. Therefore, the measure of angle AOB, and thus the measure of arc , is radians. Since is a
radius of the given circle and its length is 18, the length of the radius of the circle is 18. Therefore, the length of arc
can be calculated as , or .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.

Question ID 4c95c7d4

ID: 4c95c7d4
A graphic designer is creating a logo for a company. The logo is shown in the
figure above. The logo is in the shape of a trapezoid and consists of
three congruent equilateral triangles. If the perimeter of the logo is
20 centimeters, what is the combined area of the shaded regions, in square
centimeters, of the logo?
A.
B.
C.
D. 16
ID: 4c95c7d4 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that the logo is in the shape of a trapezoid that consists of three congruent equilateral
triangles, and that the perimeter of the trapezoid is 20 centimeters (cm). Since the perimeter of the trapezoid is the sum
of the lengths of 5 of the sides of the triangles, the length of each side of an equilateral triangle is . Dividing
up one equilateral triangle into two right triangles yields a pair of congruent 30°-60°-90° triangles. The shorter leg of each
right triangle is half the length of the side of an equilateral triangle, or 2 cm. Using the Pythagorean Theorem,
, the height of the equilateral triangle can be found. Substituting and and solving for b yields
cm. The area of one equilateral triangle is , where and . Therefore, the
area of one equilateral triangle is . The shaded area consists of two such triangles, so its area
is .
Alternate approach: The area of a trapezoid can be found by evaluating the expression , where is the
length of one base, is the length of the other base, and h is the height of the trapezoid. Substituting , ,
and yields the expression , or , which gives an area of for the
trapezoid. Since two-thirds of the trapezoid is shaded, the area of the shaded region is .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the height of the trapezoid. Choice B is incorrect. This is the area of one of the equilateral
triangles, not two. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using a height of 4 for each triangle rather than the height of
.

Question ID 933fee1a

ID: 933fee1a
Triangles ABC and DEF are shown above. Which of the
following is equal to the ratio ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 933fee1a Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. In right triangle ABC, the measure of angle B must be 58° because the sum of the measure of angle
A, which is 32°, and the measure of angle B is 90°. Angle D in the right triangle DEF has measure 58°. Hence, triangles
ABC and DEF are similar (by angle-angle similarity). Since is the side opposite to the angle with measure 32° and AB
is the hypotenuse in right triangle ABC, the ratio is equal to .
Alternate approach: The trigonometric ratios can be used to answer this question. In right triangle ABC, the ratio
. The angle E in triangle DEF has measure 32° because . In triangle DEF, the
ratio . Therefore, .
Choice A is incorrect because is the reciprocal of the ratio . Choice C is incorrect because , not
. Choice D is incorrect because , not .

Question ID 740bf79f

ID: 740bf79f
In the figure above, what is the

length of ?
A. 2.2
B. 2.3
C. 2.4
D. 2.5
ID: 740bf79f Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. First, is the hypotenuse of right , whose legs have lengths 3 and 4. Therefore,
, so and . Second, because corresponds to and because

corresponds to , is similar to . The ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangles is
constant, so . Since and it’s given that and , . Solving for NQ results in
, or 2.4.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from setting up incorrect ratios.


Trigonometry
ID: 38517165
A circle has a circumference of centimeters. What is the diameter, in centimeters, of the circle?
ID: 38517165 Answer

Correct Answer: 31
Rationale
The correct answer is 31. The circumference of a circle is equal to 2𝜋𝑟 centimeters, where 𝑟 represents the radius, in
centimeters, of the circle, and the diameter of the circle is equal to 2𝑟 centimeters. It's given that a circle has a
circumference of 31𝜋 centimeters. Therefore, 31𝜋 = 2𝜋𝑟. Dividing both sides of this equation by 𝜋 yields 31 = 2𝑟. Since
the diameter of the circle is equal to 2𝑟 centimeters, it follows that the diameter, in centimeters, of the circle is 31.

Question ID ab176ad6

Trigonometry
ID: ab176ad6
The equation defines a circle in the

xy‑plane. What is the radius of the circle?
ID: ab176ad6 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 11. A circle with equation , where a, b, and r are constants, has center
and radius r. Therefore, the radius of the given circle is , or 11.

Question ID d3fe472f

ID: d3fe472f
Triangle is similar to triangle , such that , , and correspond to , , and respectively. The length of
each side of triangle is times the length of its corresponding side in triangle . The measure of side is
. What is the measure of side ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d3fe472f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is similar to triangle 𝑋𝑌𝑍, such that 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 correspond to 𝑋, 𝑌, and 𝑍,
respectively. Therefore, side 𝐴𝐵 corresponds to side 𝑋𝑌. Since the length of each side of triangle 𝑋𝑌𝑍 is 2 times the
length of its corresponding side in triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, it follows that the measure of side 𝑋𝑌 is 2 times the measure of side 𝐴𝐵.
Thus, since the measure of side 𝐴𝐵 is 16, then the measure of side 𝑋𝑌 is 216, or 32.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the measure of side 𝐴𝐵, not side 𝑋𝑌.

Question ID 3e577e4a

Trigonometry
ID: 3e577e4a
A circle in the xy-plane has its center at . Line is tangent to this circle at the point . What is the
slope of line ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 3e577e4a Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. A line that's tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius of the circle at the point of tangency. It's
given that the circle has its center at -4, - 6 and line 𝑘 is tangent to the circle at the point -7, - 7. The slope of a radius
𝑡-𝑟
defined by the points 𝑞, 𝑟 and 𝑠, 𝑡 can be calculated as . The points -7, - 7 and -4, - 6 define the radius of the circle at the
𝑠-𝑞
-6 - -7 1
point of tangency. Therefore, the slope of this radius can be calculated as , or . If a line and a radius are
-4 - -7 3
1
perpendicular, the slope of the line must be the negative reciprocal of the slope of the radius. The negative reciprocal of
3
is -3. Thus, the slope of line 𝑘 is -3.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the slope of the radius of the circle at the point of tangency, not the slope of line 𝑘.

Question ID b0dc920d

Trigonometry
ID: b0dc920d
A manufacturer determined that right cylindrical containers with a height that is

4 inches longer than the radius offer the optimal number of containers to be
displayed on a shelf. Which of the following expresses the volume, V, in cubic
inches, of such containers, where r is the radius, in inches?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b0dc920d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The volume, V, of a right cylinder is given by the formula , where r represents the radius of
the base of the cylinder and h represents the height. Since the height is 4 inches longer than the radius, the expression
represents the height of each cylindrical container. It follows that the volume of each container is represented by
the equation . Distributing the expression into each term in the parentheses yields .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from representing the height as instead of . Choice B is incorrect and may
result from representing the height as instead of . Choice C is incorrect and may result from representing the
volume of a right cylinder as instead of .

Question ID 55bb437a

ID: 55bb437a
In the figure above, . If and
, what is the length of ?
ID: 55bb437a Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 6. Since , and are both similar to 3-4-5 triangles. This means that
they are both similar to the right triangle with sides of lengths 3, 4, and 5. Since , which is 3 times as long as the
hypotenuse of the 3-4-5 triangle, the similarity ratio of to the 3-4-5 triangle is 3:1. Therefore, the length of
(the side opposite to ) is , and the length of (the side adjacent to ) is . It is also given
that . Since and , it follows that , which means that the similarity ratio of
to the 3-4-5 triangle is 2:1 ( is the side adjacent to ). Therefore, the length of , which is the side
opposite to , is .

Question ID 8e7689e0

Trigonometry
ID: 8e7689e0
The number of radians in a 720-degree angle can be written as , where

a is a constant. What is the value of a ?
ID: 8e7689e0 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 4. There are radians in a angle. An angle measure of is 4 times greater than an
angle measure of . Therefore, the number of radians in a angle is .

Question ID de550be0

ID: de550be0
For the triangle shown, which expression represents the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: de550be0 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. For the right triangle shown, the lengths of the legs are 𝑎 units and 6 units, and the length of the
hypotenuse is 21 units. The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of
the two legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse. Therefore, 𝑎2 + 62 = 212 . Subtracting 62 from both
sides of this equation yields 𝑎2 = 212 - 62 . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑎 = ± √212 - 62 .
Since 𝑎 is a length, 𝑎 must be positive. Therefore, 𝑎 = √212 - 62 . Thus, for the triangle shown, √212 - 62 represents the
value of 𝑎.
Choice B is incorrect. For the triangle shown, this expression represents the value of 𝑎2 , not 𝑎.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.


ID: 901e3285
In triangle ABC, the measure of angle A is . If triangle ABC is isosceles, which

of the following is NOT a possible measure of angle B ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 901e3285 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The sum of the three interior angles in a triangle is . It’s given that angle A measures . If
angle B measured , the measure of angle C would be . Thus, the measures of the
angles in the triangle would be , , and . However, an isosceles triangle has two angles of equal measure.
Therefore, angle B can’t measure .
Choice A is incorrect. If angle B has measure , then angle C would measure , and ,
, and could be the angle measures of an isosceles triangle. Choice B is incorrect. If angle B has measure ,
then angle C would measure , and , , and could be the angle measures of an
isosceles triangle. Choice C is incorrect. If angle B has measure , then angle C would measure
, and , , and could be the angle measures of an isosceles triangle.

Question ID bd7f6e30

ID: bd7f6e30
In the figure above, .

What is the value of x ?
A. 72
B. 66
C. 64
D. 58
ID: bd7f6e30 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Since , it follows that is an isosceles triangle with base RU. Therefore,
and are the base angles of an isosceles triangle and are congruent. Let the measures of both and
be . According to the triangle sum theorem, the sum of the measures of the three angles of a triangle is .
Therefore, , so .
Note that is the same angle as . Thus, the measure of is . According to the triangle exterior
angle theorem, an external angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the opposite interior angles. Therefore, is equal
to the sum of the measures of and ; that is, . Thus, the value of x is 64.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the measure of , but is not congruent to . Choices A and D are
incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question ID 9e44284b

Trigonometry
ID: 9e44284b
In the xy-plane, the graph of is a

circle. What is the radius of the circle?
A. 5
B. 6.5
C.
D.
ID: 9e44284b Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. One way to find the radius of the circle is to rewrite the given equation in standard form,
, where is the center of the circle and the radius of the circle is r. To do this, divide the
original equation, , by 2 to make the leading coefficients of and each equal to 1:
. Then complete the square to put the equation in standard form. To do so, first rewrite
as . Second, add 2.25 and 0.25 to
both sides of the equation: . Since ,
, and , it follows that . Therefore, the radius of the circle is

5.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of errors in manipulating the equation or of a misconception
about the standard form of the equation of a circle in the xy-plane.

Question ID eeb4143c

ID: eeb4143c
The area of triangle ABC above is at least 48 but no more than 60. If y is an
integer, what is one possible value of x ?
ID: eeb4143c Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either , , or . The area of triangle ABC can be expressed as or . It’s
given that the area of triangle ABC is at least 48 but no more than 60. It follows that . Dividing by 6 to
isolate y in this compound inequality yields . Since y is an integer, . In the given figure, the two
right triangles shown are similar because they have two pairs of congruent angles: their respective right angles and angle
A. Therefore, the following proportion is true: . Substituting 8 for y in the proportion results in . Cross
multiplying and solving for x yields . Substituting 9 for y in the proportion results in . Cross multiplying and
solving for x yields . Substituting 10 for y in the proportion results in . Cross multiplying and solving for x
yields . Note that 10/3, 15/4, 25/6, 3.333, 3.75, 4.166, and 4.167 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.


Trigonometry
ID: 5b2b8866
A rectangular poster has an area of square inches. A copy of the poster is made in which the length and width of the
original poster are each increased by . What is the area of the copy, in square inches?
ID: 5b2b8866 Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 518.4. It's given that the area of the original poster is 360 square inches. Let 𝑙 represent the length,
in inches, of the original poster, and let 𝑤 represent the width, in inches, of the original poster. Since the area of a
rectangle is equal to its length times its width, it follows that 360 = 𝑙𝑤. It's also given that a copy of the poster is made in
which the length and width of the original poster are each increased by 20%. It follows that the length of the copy is the
20
length of the original poster plus 20% of the length of the original poster, which is equivalent to 𝑙 + 𝑙 inches. This length
100
can be rewritten as 𝑙 + 0.2𝑙 inches, or 1.2𝑙 inches. Similarly, the width of the copy is the width of the original poster plus
20
20% of the width of the original poster, which is equivalent to 𝑤 + 𝑤 inches. This width can be rewritten as 𝑤 + 0.2𝑤
100
inches, or 1.2𝑤 inches. Since the area of a rectangle is equal to its length times its width, it follows that the area, in
square inches, of the copy is equal to 1.2𝑙1.2𝑤, which can be rewritten as 1.21.2𝑙𝑤. Since 360 = 𝑙𝑤, the area, in square
inches, of the copy can be found by substituting 360 for 𝑙𝑤 in the expression 1.21.2𝑙𝑤, which yields 1.21.2360, or 518.4.
Therefore, the area of the copy, in square inches, is 518.4.

Question ID 74d8b897

Trigonometry
ID: 74d8b897
An angle has a measure of radians. What is the measure of the angle in degrees?
ID: 74d8b897 Answer

Correct Answer: 81
Rationale
The correct answer is 81. The measure of an angle, in degrees, can be found by multiplying its measure, in radians, by
180 degrees 9𝜋 180 degrees 9𝜋 180 degrees
. Multiplying the given angle measure, radians, by yields radians , which is equivalent to
𝜋 radians 20 𝜋 radians 20 𝜋 radians
81 degrees.

Question ID dc71597b

Trigonometry
ID: dc71597b
A right circular cone has a volume of cubic feet and a height of 9 feet.
What is the radius, in feet, of the base of the cone?
A.
B.
C.
D. 3
ID: dc71597b Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The equation for the volume of a right circular cone is . It’s given that the volume of the
right circular cone is cubic feet and the height is 9 feet. Substituting these values for V and h, respectively, gives
. Dividing both sides of the equation by gives . Dividing both sides of the equation by 9
gives . Taking the square root of both sides results in two possible values for the radius, or .
Since the radius can’t have a negative value, that leaves as the only possibility. Applying the quotient property of
square roots, , results in , or .
Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly evaluating . Choice D is incorrect and may result
from solving instead of .

Question ID 6933b3d9

ID: 6933b3d9
In triangle RST above, point W (not shown) lies on . What is the value of
?
ID: 6933b3d9 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 0. Note that no matter where point W is on , the sum of the measures of and
is equal to the measure of , which is . Thus, and are complementary angles. Since the
cosine of an angle is equal to the sine of its complementary angle, . Therefore,

Question ID 6ab30ce3

ID: 6ab30ce3
Triangle is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and corresponds to . Angles and are
right angles. If and , what is the length of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6ab30ce3 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Corresponding angles in similar triangles have equal measures. It's given that triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is similar
to triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹, where 𝐴 corresponds to 𝐷, so the measure of angle 𝐴 is equal to the measure of angle 𝐷. Therefore, if
tan𝐴 = √3 , then tan𝐷 = √3 . It's given that angles 𝐶 and 𝐹 are right angles, so triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 are right triangles.
The adjacent side of an acute angle in a right triangle is the side closest to the angle that is not the hypotenuse. It follows
that the adjacent side of angle 𝐷 is side 𝐷𝐹. The opposite side of an acute angle in a right triangle is the side across from
the acute angle. It follows that the opposite side of angle 𝐷 is side 𝐸𝐹. The tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle is
𝐸𝐹
the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side. Therefore, tan𝐷 = . If 𝐷𝐹 = 125, the length
𝐷𝐹
𝐸𝐹 𝐸𝐹
of side 𝐸𝐹 can be found by substituting √3 for tan𝐷 and 125 for 𝐷𝐹 in the equation tan𝐷 = , which yields √3 = .
𝐷𝐹 125
Multiplying both sides of this equation by 125 yields 125√3 = 𝐸𝐹. Since the length of side 𝐸𝐹 is √3 times the length of
side 𝐷𝐹, it follows that triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a special right triangle with angle measures 30°, 60°, and 90°. Therefore, the length
¯
of the hypotenuse, 𝐷𝐸, is 2 times the length of side 𝐷𝐹, or 𝐷𝐸 = 2𝐷𝐹. Substituting 125 for 𝐷𝐹 in this equation yields
¯
𝐷𝐸 = 2125, or 𝐷𝐸 = 250. Thus, if tan𝐴 = √3 and 𝐷𝐹 = 125, the length of 𝐷𝐸 is 250.
¯ ¯
Choice C is incorrect. This is the length of 𝐸𝐹, not 𝐷𝐸.

Question ID 1c3d613c

ID: 1c3d613c
Triangle ABC and triangle DEF are shown. The relationship between the side
lengths of the two triangles is such that . If the

measure of angle BAC is 20°, what is the measure, in degrees, of angle EDF ?
(Disregard the degree symbol when gridding your answer.)
ID: 1c3d613c Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 20. By the equality given, the three pairs of corresponding sides of the two triangles are in the
same proportion. By the side-side-side (SSS) similarity theorem, triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF. In similar
triangles, the measures of corresponding angles are congruent. Since angle BAC corresponds to angle EDF, these two
angles are congruent and their measures are equal. It’s given that the measure of angle BAC is 20°, so the measure of
angle EDF is also 20°.

Question ID 5b4757df

ID: 5b4757df
In triangle , angle is a right angle, point lies on , point lies on , and is parallel to . If the length
of is units, the length of is units, and the area of triangle is square units, what is the length of
, in units?
ID: 5b4757df Answer

Correct Answer: 14.66, 14.67, 44/3
Rationale
44
The correct answer is . It's given that in triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇, angle 𝑇 is a right angle. The area of a right triangle can be found
3
1
using the formula 𝐴 = 𝑙1 𝑙2 , where 𝐴 represents the area of the right triangle, 𝑙1 represents the length of one leg of the
2
¯ ¯
triangle, and 𝑙2 represents the length of the other leg of the triangle. In triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇, the two legs are 𝑅𝑇 and 𝑆𝑇. Therefore,
¯ 1
if the length of 𝑅𝑇 is 72 and the area of triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is 792, then 792 = 72𝑆𝑇, or 792 = 36𝑆𝑇. Dividing both sides of this
2
¯ ¯ ¯
equation by 36 yields 22 = 𝑆𝑇. Therefore, the length of 𝑆𝑇 is 22. It's also given that point 𝐿 lies on 𝑅𝑆, point 𝐾 lies on 𝑆𝑇,
¯ ¯
and 𝐿𝐾 is parallel to 𝑅𝑇. It follows that angle 𝐿𝐾𝑆 is a right angle. Since triangles 𝑅𝑆𝑇 and 𝐿𝑆𝐾 share angle 𝑆 and have
¯
right angles 𝑇 and 𝐾, respectively, triangles 𝑅𝑆𝑇 and 𝐿𝑆𝐾 are similar triangles. Therefore, the ratio of the length of 𝑅𝑇 to
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
the length of 𝐿𝐾 is equal to the ratio of the length of 𝑆𝑇 to the length of 𝑆𝐾. If the length of 𝑅𝑇 is 72 and the length of 𝐿𝐾 is
¯ ¯ 72 ¯
24, it follows that the ratio of the length of 𝑅𝑇 to the length of 𝐿𝐾 is , or 3, so the ratio of the length of 𝑆𝑇 to the length of
24
¯ 22
𝑆𝐾 is 3. Therefore, = 3. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 𝑆𝐾 yields 22 = 3𝑆𝐾. Dividing both sides of this
𝑆𝐾
22 ¯ ¯ 22 ¯
equation by 3 yields = 𝑆𝐾. Since the length of 𝑆𝑇, 22, is the sum of the length of 𝑆𝐾, , and the length of 𝐾𝑇, it follows
3 3
¯ 22 44
that the length of 𝐾𝑇 is 22 - , or . Note that 44/3, 14.66, and 14.67 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
3 3

Question ID ca2235f6

Trigonometry
ID: ca2235f6
A circle has center , and points and lie on the circle. The measure of arc is and the length of arc is
inches. What is the circumference, in inches, of the circle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ca2235f6 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the measure of arc 𝐴𝐵 is 45° and the length of arc 𝐴𝐵 is 3 inches. The arc measure of
45° 3 inches
the full circle is 360°. If 𝑥 represents the circumference, in inches, of the circle, it follows that = . This equation
360° 𝑥 inches
45 3 1 3
is equivalent to = , or = . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 8𝑥 yields 1 ( 𝑥 ) = 3 ( 8 ) , or 𝑥 = 24. Therefore,
360 𝑥 8 𝑥
the circumference of the circle is 24 inches.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the length of arc 𝐴𝐵.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from multiplying the length of arc 𝐴𝐵 by 2.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from squaring the length of arc 𝐴𝐵.

Question ID 856372ca

Trigonometry
ID: 856372ca
In the xy-plane, a circle with radius 5 has center . Which of the

following is an equation of the circle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 856372ca Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. An equation of a circle is , where the center of the circle is and the
radius is r. It’s given that the center of this circle is and the radius is 5. Substituting these values into the equation
gives , or .
Choice A is incorrect. This is an equation of a circle that has center . Choice C is incorrect. This is an equation of
a circle that has center and radius . Choice D is incorrect. This is an equation of a circle that has radius .

Question ID bf8d843e

ID: bf8d843e
In above, what is the
length of ?
A. 4
B. 6
C.
D.
ID: bf8d843e Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Triangles ADB and CDB are both triangles and share . Therefore, triangles ADB
and CDB are congruent by the angle-side-angle postulate. Using the properties of triangles, the length
of is half the length of hypotenuse . Since the triangles are congruent, . So the length of is
Alternate approach: Since angle CBD has a measure of , angle ABC must have a measure of . It follows that
triangle ABC is equilateral, so side AC also has length 12. It also follows that the altitude BD is also a median, and
therefore the length of AD is half of the length of AC, which is 6.
Choice A is incorrect. If the length of were 4, then the length of would be 8. However, this is incorrect because
is congruent to , which has a length of 12. Choices C and D are also incorrect. Following the same procedures as
used to test choice A gives a length of for choice C and for choice D. However, these results cannot
be true because is congruent to , which has a length of 12.


Trigonometry
ID: 981275d2
In the xy-plane, the graph of the equation above is a circle. Point P is on the circle
and has coordinates . If is a diameter of the circle, what are the
coordinates of point Q ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 981275d2 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The standard form for the equation of a circle is , where are the
coordinates of the center and r is the length of the radius. According to the given equation, the center of the circle is
. Let represent the coordinates of point Q. Since point P and point Q are the endpoints
of a diameter of the circle, the center lies on the diameter, halfway between P and Q. Therefore, the following
relationships hold: and . Solving the equations for and , respectively, yields
and . Therefore, the coordinates of point Q are .
Alternate approach: Since point P on the circle and the center of the circle have the same y-coordinate,
it follows that the radius of the circle is . In addition, the opposite end of the diameter must have the same
y-coordinate as P and be 4 units away from the center. Hence, the coordinates of point Q must be .
Choices B and D are incorrect because the points given in these choices lie on a diameter that is perpendicular to the
diameter . If either of these points were point Q, then would not be the diameter of the circle. Choice C is
incorrect because is the center of the circle and does not lie on the circle.


Trigonometry
ID: 89661424
A circle in the xy-plane has its center at and has a radius of . An equation of this circle is
, where , , and are constants. What is the value of ?
ID: 89661424 Answer

Correct Answer: -52
Rationale
The correct answer is -52. The equation of a circle in the xy-plane with its center at ℎ, 𝑘 and a radius of 𝑟 can be written in
2 2
the form 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 . It's given that a circle in the xy-plane has its center at -5, 2 and has a radius of 9. Substituting
2 2
-5 for ℎ, 2 for 𝑘, and 9 for 𝑟 in the equation 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 yields 𝑥 - -52 + 𝑦 - 22 = 92 , or 𝑥 + 52 + 𝑦 - 22 = 81. It's also given
that an equation of this circle is 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. Therefore, 𝑥 + 52 + 𝑦 - 22 = 81
can be rewritten in the form 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. The equation 𝑥 + 52 + 𝑦 - 22 = 81, or 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 2𝑦 - 2 = 81, can
be rewritten as 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 25 + 𝑦2 - 2𝑦 - 2𝑦 + 4 = 81. Combining like terms on the left-hand side of this equation yields
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑥 - 4𝑦 + 29 = 81. Subtracting 81 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑥 - 4𝑦 - 52 = 0, which is
equivalent to 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑥 + -4𝑦 + -52 = 0. This equation is in the form 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. Therefore, the value of 𝑐
is -52.

Question ID 7c25b0dc

ID: 7c25b0dc
The length of a rectangle’s diagonal is , and the length of the rectangle’s shorter side is . What is the length of the
rectangle’s longer side?
ID: 7c25b0dc Answer

Correct Answer: 12
Rationale
The correct answer is 12. The diagonal of a rectangle forms a right triangle, where the shorter side and the longer side of
the rectangle are the legs of the triangle and the diagonal of the rectangle is the hypotenuse of the triangle. It's given that
the length of the rectangle's diagonal is 3√17 and the length of the rectangle's shorter side is 3. Thus, the length of the
hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by the diagonal is 3√17 and the length of one of the legs is 3. By the
2
Pythagorean theorem, if a right triangle has a hypotenuse with length 𝑐 and legs with lengths 𝑎 and 𝑏, then 𝑎2 + 𝑏 = 𝑐2 .
2
Substituting 3√17 for 𝑐 and 3 for 𝑏 in this equation yields 𝑎2 + 32 = 3√17 , or 𝑎2 + 9 = 153. Subtracting 9 from both sides
of this equation yields 𝑎2 = 144. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑎 = ± √144 , or 𝑎 = ± 12.
Since 𝑎 represents a length, which must be positive, the value of 𝑎 is 12. Thus, the length of the rectangle's longer side is
12.

Question ID 95ba2d09

Trigonometry
ID: 95ba2d09
In the xy-plane above, points P, Q, R, and T lie on the circle with center O. The
degree measures of angles and are each 30°. What is the radian
measure of angle ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 95ba2d09 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Because points T, O, and P all lie on the x-axis, they form a line. Since the angles on a line add up to
, and it’s given that angles POQ and ROT each measure , it follows that the measure of angle QOR is
. Since the arc of a complete circle is or radians, a proportion can be set up to
convert the measure of angle QOR from degrees to radians: , where x is the radian
measure of angle QOR. Multiplying each side of the proportion by gives . Solving for x gives ,
or .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from subtracting only angle POQ from to get a value of and then finding
the radian measure equivalent to that value. Choice B is incorrect and may result from a calculation error. Choice D is
incorrect and may result from calculating the sum of the angle measures, in radians, of angles POQ and ROT.
Question ID 6dd463ca

ID: 6dd463ca
In the figure above, segments AE and BD are parallel. If angle BDC measures 58°
and angle ACE measures 62°, what is the measure of angle CAE ?
A. 58°
B. 60°
C. 62°
D. 120°
ID: 6dd463ca Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that angle ACE measures . Since segments AE and BD are parallel, angles BDC and CEA
are congruent. Therefore, angle CEA measures . The sum of the measures of angles ACE, CEA, and CAE is
since the sum of the interior angles of triangle ACE is equal to . Let the measure of angle CAE be . Therefore,
, which simplifies to . Thus, the measure of angle CAE is .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the measure of angle AEC, not that of angle CAE. Choice C is incorrect. This is the measure
of angle ACE, not that of CAE. Choice D is incorrect. This is the sum of the measures of angles ACE and CEA.

Question ID 93de3f84

Trigonometry
ID: 93de3f84
The volume of right circular cylinder A is 22 cubic centimeters. What is the

volume, in cubic centimeters, of a right circular cylinder with twice the radius and
half the height of cylinder A?
A. 11
B. 22
C. 44
D. 66
ID: 93de3f84 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The volume of right circular cylinder A is given by the expression , where r is the radius of its
circular base and h is its height. The volume of a cylinder with twice the radius and half the height of cylinder A is given
by , which is equivalent to . Therefore, the volume is twice the volume of cylinder A,

or .
Choice A is incorrect and likely results from not multiplying the radius of cylinder A by 2. Choice B is incorrect and likely
results from not squaring the 2 in 2r when applying the volume formula. Choice D is incorrect and likely results from a
conceptual error.

Question ID a5aee181

ID: a5aee181
The length of a rectangle’s diagonal is , and the length of the rectangle’s shorter side is . What is the length of the
rectangle’s longer side?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a5aee181 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A rectangle’s diagonal divides a rectangle into two congruent right triangles, where the diagonal is
the hypotenuse of both triangles. It’s given that the length of the diagonal is 5√17 and the length of the rectangle’s
shorter side is 5. Therefore, each of the two right triangles formed by the rectangle’s diagonal has a hypotenuse with
length 5√17 , and a shorter leg with length 5. To calculate the length of the longer leg of each right triangle, the
2
Pythagorean theorem, 𝑎2 + 𝑏 = 𝑐2 , can be used, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are the lengths of the legs and 𝑐 is the length of the
2 2 2
hypotenuse of the triangle. Substituting 5 for 𝑎 and 5√17 for 𝑐 in the equation 𝑎2 + 𝑏 = 𝑐2 yields 52 + 𝑏 = 5√17 , which
2 2 2
is equivalent to 25 + 𝑏 = 2517, or 25 + 𝑏 = 425. Subtracting 25 from each side of this equation yields 𝑏 = 400. Taking the
positive square root of each side of this equation yields 𝑏 = 20. Therefore, the length of the longer leg of each right
triangle formed by the diagonal of the rectangle is 20. It follows that the length of the rectangle’s longer side is 20.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from dividing the length of the rectangle’s diagonal by the length of the rectangle’s
shorter side, rather than substituting these values into the Pythagorean theorem.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from using the length of the rectangle’s diagonal as the length of a leg of the right
triangle, rather than the length of the hypotenuse.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the square of the length of the rectangle’s longer side.

Question ID fb58c0db

Trigonometry
ID: fb58c0db
Points A and B lie on a circle with radius 1, and arc has length . What
fraction of the circumference of the circle is the length of arc ?
ID: fb58c0db Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . The circumference, C, of a circle is , where r is the length of the radius of the circle.
For the given circle with a radius of 1, the circumference is , or . To find what fraction of the
circumference the length of arc is, divide the length of the arc by the circumference, which gives . This
division can be represented by . Note that 1/6, .1666, .1667, 0.166, and 0.167 are examples of ways to
enter a correct answer.

Question ID c6dff223

ID: c6dff223
Triangle is similar to triangle , where angle corresponds to angle and angles and are right angles.
The length of is times the length of . If , what is the value of ?
ID: c6dff223 Answer

Rationale
21
The correct answer is . It's given that triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is similar to triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹, where angle 𝐴 corresponds to angle 𝐷 and
29
angles 𝐶 and 𝐹 are right angles. In similar triangles, the tangents of corresponding angles are equal. Therefore, if
21 21
tan𝐴 = , then tan𝐷 = . In a right triangle, the tangent of an acute angle is the ratio of the length of the leg opposite the
20 20
21 ¯
angle to the length of the leg adjacent to the angle. Therefore, in triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹, if tan𝐷 = , the ratio of the length of 𝐸𝐹 to
20
¯ 21 ¯ ¯ ¯
the length of 𝐷𝐹 is . If the lengths of 𝐸𝐹 and 𝐷𝐹 are 21 and 20, respectively, then the ratio of the length of 𝐸𝐹 to the
20
¯ 21
length of 𝐷𝐹 is . In a right triangle, the sine of an acute angle is the ratio of the length of the leg opposite the angle to
20
¯ ¯
the length of the hypotenuse. Therefore, the value of sin𝐷 is the ratio of the length of 𝐸𝐹 to the length of 𝐷𝐸. The length
¯
of 𝐷𝐸 can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, which states that if the lengths of the legs of a right triangle are
𝑎 and 𝑏 and the length of the hypotenuse is 𝑐, then 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐2 . Therefore, if the lengths of 𝐸𝐹
¯ ¯
and 𝐷𝐹 are 21 and 20,
respectively, then 212 + 202 = 𝐷𝐸2 , or 841 = 𝐷𝐸2 . Taking the positive square root of both sides of this equation yields
¯ ¯ ¯
29 = 𝐷𝐸. Therefore, if the lengths of 𝐸𝐹 and 𝐷𝐹 are 21 and 20, respectively, then the length of 𝐷𝐸 is 29 and the ratio of the
¯ ¯ 21 21 21
length of 𝐸𝐹 to the length of 𝐷𝐸 is . Thus, if tan𝐴 = , the value of sin𝐷 is . Note that 21/29, .7241, and 0.724 are
29 20 29

Question ID eb70d2d0

Trigonometry
ID: eb70d2d0
What is the area, in square units, of the triangle formed by connecting the three points shown?
ID: eb70d2d0 Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 24.5. It's given that a triangle is formed by connecting the three points shown, which are -3, 4, 5, 3,
and 4, - 3. Let this triangle be triangle A. The area of triangle A can be found by calculating the area of the rectangle that
circumscribes it and subtracting the areas of the three triangles that are inside the rectangle but outside triangle A. The
rectangle formed by the points -3, 4, 5, 4, 5, - 3, and -3, - 3 circumscribes triangle A. The width, in units, of this rectangle
can be found by calculating the distance between the points 5, 4 and 5, - 3. This distance is 4 - -3, or 7. The length, in units,
of this rectangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points 5, 4 and -3, 4. This distance is 5 - -3, or 8. It
follows that the area, in square units, of the rectangle is 78, or 56. One of the triangles that lies inside the rectangle but
outside triangle A is formed by the points -3, 4, 5, 4, and 5, 3. The length, in units, of a base of this triangle can be found by
calculating the distance between the points 5, 4 and 5, 3. This distance is 4 - 3, or 1. The corresponding height, in units, of
this triangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points 5, 4 and -3, 4. This distance is 5 - -3, or 8. It
1
follows that the area, in square units, of this triangle is 81, or 4. A second triangle that lies inside the rectangle but
2
outside triangle A is formed by the points 4, - 3, 5, 3, and 5, - 3. The length, in units, of a base of this triangle can be found
by calculating the distance between the points 5, 3 and 5, - 3. This distance is 3 - -3 , or 6. The corresponding height, in
units, of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points 5, - 3 and 4, - 3. This distance is 5 - 4, or
1
1. It follows that the area, in square units, of this triangle is 16, or 3. The third triangle that lies inside the rectangle but
2
outside triangle A is formed by the points -3, 4, -3, - 3, and 4, - 3. The length, in units, of a base of this triangle can be
found by calculating the distance between the points 4, - 3 and -3, - 3. This distance is 4 - -3, or 7. The corresponding
height, in units, of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points -3, 4 and -3, - 3. This distance
1
is 4 - -3, or 7. It follows that the area, in square units, of this triangle is 77, or 24.5. Thus, the area, in square units, of the
2
triangle formed by connecting the three points shown is 56 - 4 - 3 - 24.5, or 24.5. Note that 24.5 and 49/2 are examples of

Question ID 92eb236a

ID: 92eb236a
In a right triangle, the tangent of one of the two acute angles is . What
is the tangent of the other acute angle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 92eb236a Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The tangent of a nonright angle in a right triangle is defined as the ratio of the length of the leg
opposite the angle to the length of the leg adjacent to the angle. Using that definition for tangent, in a right triangle with
legs that have lengths a and b, the tangent of one acute angle is and the tangent for the other acute angle is . It
follows that the tangents of the acute angles in a right triangle are reciprocals of each other. Therefore, the tangent of the
other acute angle in the given triangle is the reciprocal of or .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from assuming that the tangent of the other acute angle is the negative of the
tangent of the angle described. Choice B is incorrect and may result from assuming that the tangent of the other acute
angle is the negative of the reciprocal of the tangent of the angle described. Choice C is incorrect and may result from
interpreting the tangent of the other acute angle as equal to the tangent of the angle described.

Question ID 13d9a1c3

ID: 13d9a1c3
In the right triangle shown above, what

is the length of ?
ID: 13d9a1c3 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 4. Triangle PQR has given angle measures of 30° and 90°, so the third angle must be 60° because
the measures of the angles of a triangle sum to 180°. For any special right triangle with angles measuring 30°, 60°, and
90°, the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is 2x, where x is the length of the side opposite the
30° angle. Segment PQ is opposite the 30° angle. Therefore, 2(PQ) = 8 and PQ = 4.


ID: 17912810
In the figure, parallel lines and are intersected by lines and . If and , what is the value of ?
ID: 17912810 Answer

Rationale
101
The correct answer is . In the figure, lines 𝑞, 𝑟, and 𝑠 form a triangle. One interior angle of this triangle is vertical to the
2
angle marked 𝑎°; therefore, the interior angle also has measure 𝑎°. It's given that 𝑎 = 43. Therefore, the interior angle of
the triangle has measure 43°. A second interior angle of the triangle forms a straight line, 𝑞, with the angle marked 𝑏°.
Therefore, the sum of the measures of these two angles is 180°. It's given that 𝑏 = 122. Therefore, the angle marked 𝑏°
has measure 122° and the second interior angle of the triangle has measure 180 - 122°, or 58°. The sum of the interior
angles of a triangle is 180°. Therefore, the measure of the third interior angle of the triangle is 180 - 43 - 58°, or 79°. It's
given that parallel lines 𝑞 and 𝑡 are intersected by line 𝑟. It follows that the triangle's interior angle with measure 79° is
congruent to the same side interior angle between lines 𝑞 and 𝑡 formed by lines 𝑡 and 𝑟. Since this angle is supplementary
to the two angles marked 𝑤°, the sum of 79°, 𝑤°, and 𝑤° is 180°. It follows that 79 + 𝑤 + 𝑤 = 180, or 79 + 2𝑤 = 180.
101
Subtracting 79 from both sides of this equation yields 2𝑤 = 101. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields 𝑤 = .
2
Note that 101/2 and 50.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID f7e626b2

Trigonometry
ID: f7e626b2
The dimensions of a right rectangular prism are 4 inches by 5 inches by

6 inches. What is the surface area, in square inches, of the prism?
A. 30
B. 74
C. 120
D. 148
ID: f7e626b2 Answer
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The surface area is found by summing the area of each face. A right rectangular prism consists of
three pairs of congruent rectangles, so the surface area is found by multiplying the areas of three adjacent rectangles by
2 and adding these products. For this prism, the surface area is equal to , or
, which is equal to 148.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the area of one of the faces of the prism. Choice B is incorrect and may result from adding
the areas of three adjacent rectangles without multiplying by 2. Choice C is incorrect. This is the volume, in cubic inches,
of the prism.

Question ID 2be01bd9

ID: 2be01bd9
Triangle is similar to triangle , where angle corresponds to angle and angle corresponds to angle .
Angles and are right angles. If , what is the value of ?
ID: 2be01bd9 Answer

Rationale
7
The correct answer is . It's given that triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is similar to triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹, where angle 𝐴 corresponds to angle 𝐷 and
50
angle 𝐶 corresponds to angle 𝐹. In similar triangles, the tangents of corresponding angles are equal. Since angle 𝐴 and
50 50
angle 𝐷 are corresponding angles, if tan𝐴 = , then tan𝐷 = . It's also given that angles 𝐶 and 𝐹 are right angles. It
7 7
follows that triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a right triangle with acute angles 𝐷 and 𝐸. The tangent of one acute angle in a right triangle is
1 50
the inverse of the tangent of the other acute angle in the triangle. Therefore, tan𝐸 = . Substituting for tan𝐷 in this
tan𝐷 7
1 7 50 7
equation yields tan𝐸 = 50 , or tan𝐸 = . Thus, if tan𝐴 = , the value of tan𝐸 is . Note that 7/50 and .14 are examples of
50 7 50
7

Question ID dba6a25a

ID: dba6a25a
In the figure above, is parallel to .
What is the length of ?
ID: dba6a25a Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 30. In the figure given, since is parallel to and both segments are intersected by , then
angle BDC and angle AEC are corresponding angles and therefore congruent. Angle BCD and angle ACE are also
congruent because they are the same angle. Triangle BCD and triangle ACE are similar because if two angles of one
triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle, the triangles are similar. Since triangle BCD and triangle ACE are
similar, their corresponding sides are proportional. So in triangle BCD and triangle ACE, corresponds to and
corresponds to . Therefore, . Since triangle BCD is a right triangle, the Pythagorean theorem can be
used to give the value of CD: . Taking the square root of each side gives . Substituting the values
in the proportion yields . Multiplying each side by CE, and then multiplying by yields
. Therefore, the length of is 30.

Question ID acd30391

Trigonometry
ID: acd30391
A circle in the xy-plane has equation . Which of the

following points does NOT lie in the interior of the circle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: acd30391 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The circle with equation has center and radius 5. For a point to be
inside of the circle, the distance from that point to the center must be less than the radius, 5. The distance between
and is , which is greater than 5. Therefore, does NOT lie

in the interior of the circle.
Choice A is incorrect. The distance between and is ,
which is less than 5, and therefore lies in the interior of the circle. Choice B is incorrect because it is the center of
the circle. Choice C is incorrect because the distance between and is
, which is less than 5, and therefore in the interior of the circle.

Question ID a2e76b60

Trigonometry
ID: a2e76b60
A cylindrical can containing pieces of fruit is filled to the top with syrup before
being sealed. The base of the can has an area of , and the height of the
can is 10 cm. If of syrup is needed to fill the can to the top, which of
the following is closest to the total volume of the pieces of fruit in the can?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a2e76b60 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The total volume of the cylindrical can is found by multiplying the area of the base of the can,
, by the height of the can, 10 cm, which yields . If the syrup needed to fill the can has a volume of
, then the remaining volume for the pieces of
fruit is .
Choice A is incorrect because if the fruit had a volume of , there would be of syrup
needed to fill the can to the top. Choice B is incorrect because if the fruit had a volume of , there would be
of syrup needed to fill the can to the top. Choice D is incorrect because it is the total volume of
the can, not just of the pieces of fruit.

Question ID 6a3fbec3

ID: 6a3fbec3
In the figure above, and .
What is the length of ?
ID: 6a3fbec3 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 4.5. According to the properties of right triangles, BD divides triangle ABC into two similar triangles,
ABD and BCD. The corresponding sides of ABD and BCD are proportional, so the ratio of BD to AD is the same as the ratio
of DC to BD. Expressing this information as a proportion gives . Solving the proportion for DC results in
. Note that 4.5 and 9/2 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 37dde49f

Trigonometry
ID: 37dde49f
The glass pictured above can hold a maximum volume of 473 cubic centimeters,
which is approximately 16 fluid ounces. What is the value of k, in centimeters?
A. 2.52
B. 7.67
C. 7.79
D. 10.11
ID: 37dde49f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Using the volume formula and the given information that the volume of the glass is 473
cubic centimeters, the value of k can be found as follows:
Therefore, the value of k is approximately 10.11 centimeters.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Substituting the values of k from these choices in the formula results in volumes of
approximately 7 cubic centimeters, 207 cubic centimeters, and 217 cubic centimeters, respectively, all of which
contradict the given information that the volume of the glass is 473 cubic centimeters.

Question ID 82c8325f

Trigonometry
ID: 82c8325f
A circle in the xy-plane has its center at and the point lies on the circle. Which equation represents this
circle?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: 82c8325f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
2 2
Choice D is correct. A circle in the xy-plane can be represented by an equation of the form 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 , where ℎ, 𝑘 is
the center of the circle and 𝑟 is the length of a radius of the circle. It's given that the circle has its center at -4, 5. Therefore,
2 2
ℎ = - 4 and 𝑘 = 5. Substituting -4 for ℎ and 5 for 𝑘 in the equation 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 yields 𝑥 - -42 + 𝑦 - 52 = 𝑟2 , or
𝑥 + 42 + 𝑦 - 52 = 𝑟2 . It's also given that the point -8, 8 lies on the circle. Substituting -8 for 𝑥 and 8 for 𝑦 in the equation
𝑥 + 42 + 𝑦 - 52 = 𝑟2 yields -8 + 42 + 8 - 52 = 𝑟2 , or -42 + 32 = 𝑟2 , which is equivalent to 16 + 9 = 𝑟2 , or 25 = 𝑟2 . Substituting 25
for 𝑟2 in the equation 𝑥 + 42 + 𝑦 - 52 = 𝑟2 yields 𝑥 + 42 + 𝑦 - 52 = 25. Thus, the equation 𝑥 + 42 + 𝑦 - 52 = 25 represents the
circle.
Choice A is incorrect. The circle represented by this equation has its center at 4, - 5, not -4, 5, and the point -8, 8 doesn't lie
on the circle.
Choice B is incorrect. The point -8, 8 doesn't lie on the circle represented by this equation.
Choice C is incorrect. The circle represented by this equation has its center at 4, - 5, not -4, 5, and the point -8, 8 doesn't lie
on the circle.

Question ID 459dd6c5

Trigonometry
ID: 459dd6c5
Triangles and are similar. Each side length of triangle is times the corresponding side length of
triangle . The area of triangle is square inches. What is the area, in square inches, of triangle ?
ID: 459dd6c5 Answer

Correct Answer: 135/8, 16.87, 16.88
Rationale
135
The correct answer is . It's given that triangles ABC and DEF are similar and each side length of triangle ABC is 4
8
times the corresponding side length of triangle DEF. For two similar triangles, if each side length of the first triangle is 𝑘
2
times the corresponding side length of the second triangle, then the area of the first triangle is 𝑘 times the area of the
second triangle. Therefore, the area of triangle ABC is 42 , or 16, times the area of triangle DEF. It's given that the area of
triangle ABC is 270 square inches. Let 𝑎 represent the area, in square inches, of triangle DEF. It follows that 270 is 16
270 135
times 𝑎, or 270 = 16𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 16 yields = 𝑎, which is equivalent to = 𝑎. Thus, the
16 8
135
area, in square inches, of triangle DEF is . Note that 135/8, 16.87, and 16.88 are examples of ways to enter a correct
8
answer.

Question ID 25da87f8

ID: 25da87f8
A triangle with angle measures 30°, 60°, and 90° has a perimeter of .
What is the length of the longest side of the triangle?
ID: 25da87f8 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 12. It is given that the triangle has angle measures of 30°, 60°, and 90°, and so the triangle is a
special right triangle. The side measures of this type of special triangle are in the ratio . If x is the measure of the
shortest leg, then the measure of the other leg is and the measure of the hypotenuse is 2x. The perimeter of the
triangle is given to be , and so the equation for the perimeter can be written as .
Combining like terms and factoring out a common factor of x on the left-hand side of the equation gives
. Rewriting the right-hand side of the equation by factoring out 6 gives .
Dividing both sides of the equation by the common factor gives x = 6. The longest side of the right triangle, the
hypotenuse, has a length of 2x, or 2(6), which is 12.

Question ID 310c87fe

Trigonometry
ID: 310c87fe
A cube has a surface area of 54 square meters. What is the

volume, in cubic meters, of the cube?
A. 18
B. 27
C. 36
D. 81
ID: 310c87fe Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The surface area of a cube with side length s is equal to . Since the surface area is given as 54
square meters, the equation can be used to solve for s. Dividing both sides of the equation by 6 yields .
Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields and . Since the side length of a cube must be a
positive value, can be discarded as a possible solution, leaving . The volume of a cube with side length s is
equal to . Therefore, the volume of this cube, in cubic meters, is , or 27.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question ID cf53cb56

Trigonometry
ID: cf53cb56
In the xy-plane shown, square ABCD has its diagonals on the x- and y-axes. What
is the area, in square units, of the square?
A. 20
B. 25
C. 50
D. 100
ID: cf53cb56 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The two diagonals of square ABCD divide the square into 4 congruent right triangles, where each
triangle has a vertex at the origin of the graph shown. The formula for the area of a triangle is , where b is the
base length of the triangle and h is the height of the triangle. Each of the 4 congruent right triangles has a height of 5
units and a base length of 5 units. Therefore, the area of each triangle is , or 12.5 square units. Since the 4
right triangles are congruent, the area of each is of the area of square ABCD. It follows that the area of the square
ABCD is equal to , or 50 square units.
Choices A and D are incorrect and may result from using 5 or 25, respectively, as the area of one of the 4 congruent right
triangles formed by diagonals of square ABCD. However, the area of these triangles is 12.5. Choice B is incorrect and
may result from using 5 as the length of one side of square ABCD. However, the length of a side of square ABCD is .

Math Med and Hard Qs and Answers

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Math Med and Hard Qs and Answers

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Math Med and Hard Qs and Answers

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Question ID 002dba45

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in

ID: 002dba45 Answer

Question Difficulty: Medium

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

A cargo helicopter delivers only 100-pound packages and 120-pound packages.

ID: f224df07 Answer

Question Difficulty: Medium

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two

If satisfies the system of equations

ID: d1b66ae6 Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two

The system of equations above has solution (x,

ID: cb8f449f Answer

Question Difficulty: Medium

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in

ID: 3cdbf026 Answer

equal to . Multiplying both sides by k gives . Dividing both sides by gives .

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in

ID: 2937ef4f Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

An economist modeled the demand Q for a certain product as a linear function

ID: 2b15d65f Answer

. Substituting the given values into this formula yields , or .

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: be9cb6a2 Answer

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

According to a model, the head width, in millimeters, of a worker bumblebee can

ID: e62cfe5f Answer

Question Difficulty: Medium

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

ID: 45cfb9de Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

ID: b1228811 Answer

Question Difficulty: Medium

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two

ID: 71189542 Answer

. Substituting for y in the equation yields . Distributing and

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

ID: 64c85440 Answer

Question Difficulty: Medium

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in

If x is the solution to the equation above,

ID: 7a5a74a6 Answer

Substituting for on the left-hand side of the given equation yields , or

the quantity on the right-hand side yields , or . Subtracting from

sides of this equation by 2 yields . Therefore, the value of is , or .

. Therefore, the value of can’t be or .

Question Difficulty: Medium

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in

ID: b7e6394d Answer