Semester Two Examination, 2021

Question/Answer booklet
MATHEMATICS
SPECIALIST
UNITS 1&2
Section One:
SOLUTIONS
Calculator-free
WA student number: In figures

In words

Your name

Time allowed for this section Number of additional

Reading time before commencing work: five minutes answer booklets used
(if applicable):
Working time: fifty minutes

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it to the supervisor before reading any further.
SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2 2 CALCULATOR-FREE

Structure of this paper

Number of Number of Working Percentage
Marks
Section questions questions to time of
available
available be answered (minutes) examination
Section One:
8 8 50 50 35
Calculator-free

Section Two:
13 13 100 92 65
Calculator-assumed

Total 100

Instructions to candidates
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examination implies that you agree to abide by these rules.

2. Write your answers in this Question/Answer booklet preferably using a blue/black pen.
Do not use erasable or gel pens.

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any instructions that are specific to a particular question.

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answers to be checked readily and for marks to be awarded for reasoning. Incorrect
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the end of this Question/Answer booklet. If you use these pages to continue an answer,
indicate at the original answer where the answer is continued, i.e. give the page number.

7. The Formula sheet is not to be handed in with your Question/Answer booklet.

See next page SN060-181-3

CALCULATOR-FREE 3 SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2

Section One: Calculator-free 35% (50 Marks)

This section has eight questions. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.

Working time: 50 minutes.

Question 1 (6 marks)

𝑥𝑥
(a) Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = sec � � on the axes below for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 4𝜋𝜋. (3 marks)
2

Solution
See graph
Specific behaviours
 asymptotes
 𝑦𝑦-intercept, max
 correct curvature
(b) Prove the identity cosec 2𝐴𝐴 − cot 2𝐴𝐴 = tan 𝐴𝐴. (3 marks)
Solution
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = cosec 2𝐴𝐴 − cot 2𝐴𝐴
1 cos 2𝐴𝐴
= −
sin 2𝐴𝐴 sin 2𝐴𝐴
1 − cos 2𝐴𝐴
=
sin 2𝐴𝐴
2 sin2 𝐴𝐴
=
2 sin 𝐴𝐴 cos 𝐴𝐴
sin 𝐴𝐴
=
cos 𝐴𝐴
= tan 𝐴𝐴
= 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

Specific behaviours
 converts between reciprocal and basic trig functions
 writes as single fraction
 uses double angle identities and simplifies

SN060-181-3 See next page

SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2 4 CALCULATOR-FREE

Question 2 (5 marks)
2 3 2𝑘𝑘 + 1 3
Let matrix 𝑨𝑨 = � � and matrix 𝑩𝑩 = � �, where 𝑘𝑘 is a constant.
−1 0 1 𝑘𝑘 − 2

(a) When 𝑘𝑘 = 2, determine

(i) 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨. Solution (1 mark)

2 3 5 3
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = � �×� �
−1 0 1 0
13 6
=� �
−5 −3

Specific behaviours
 correct product

(ii) 2𝑨𝑨 − 3𝑩𝑩. (2 marks)

Solution
4 6 15 9
2𝑨𝑨 − 3𝑩𝑩 = � �−� �
−2 0 3 0
−11 −3
=� �
−5 0

Specific behaviours
 correct scalar multiples
 correct difference

(b) Determine the value(s) of 𝑘𝑘 if matrix 𝑩𝑩 is singular. (2 marks)

Solution
det 𝑩𝑩 = 0
(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)(𝑘𝑘 − 2) − 3 = 0
2𝑘𝑘 2 − 3𝑘𝑘 − 5 = 0
(2𝑘𝑘 − 5)(𝑘𝑘 + 1) = 0
5
𝑘𝑘 = −1, 𝑘𝑘 =
2

Specific behaviours
 equates expression for determinant to zero
 correct values of 𝑘𝑘

See next page SN060-181-3

CALCULATOR-FREE 5 SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2

Question 3 (6 marks)
Let 𝑧𝑧1 = √5 + 3𝑖𝑖 and 𝑧𝑧2 = √5 − 𝑖𝑖. Determine each of the following in the form 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏.

(a) 2𝑧𝑧1 − 𝑧𝑧2 . (1 mark)

Solution
2√5 + 6𝑖𝑖 − �√5 − 𝑖𝑖� = √5 + 7𝑖𝑖

Specific behaviours
 correct result

(b) 𝑖𝑖𝑧𝑧̅1 . (1 mark)

Solution
𝑖𝑖�√5 − 3𝑖𝑖� = 3 + √5𝑖𝑖

Specific behaviours
 correct result

(c) 𝑧𝑧1 × 𝑧𝑧2 . (2 marks)

Solution
�√5 + 3𝑖𝑖��√5 − 𝑖𝑖� = 5 + 3√5𝑖𝑖 − √5𝑖𝑖 + 3
= 8 + 2√5𝑖𝑖

Specific behaviours
 correctly expands
 correct result

(d) 𝑧𝑧1 ÷ 𝑧𝑧2 . (2 marks)

Solution
√5 + 3𝑖𝑖 √5 + 𝑖𝑖 2 + 4√5𝑖𝑖
× =
√5 − 𝑖𝑖 √5 + 𝑖𝑖 6
1 2√5
= + 𝑖𝑖
3 3

Specific behaviours
 uses conjugate correctly
 correct result

SN060-181-3 See next page

SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2 6 CALCULATOR-FREE

Question 4 (6 marks)
−2 4 𝑡𝑡 2𝑡𝑡
(a) Determine the value(s) of the constant 𝑡𝑡 given that � � � � = � �. (2 marks)
𝑡𝑡 8 𝑡𝑡 33
Solution
𝑡𝑡 2 + 8𝑡𝑡 = 33
𝑡𝑡 2 + 8𝑡𝑡 − 33 = 0
(𝑡𝑡 + 11)(𝑡𝑡 − 3) = 0
𝑡𝑡 = −11, 𝑡𝑡 =

Specific behaviours
 forms quadratic
 correct values

7 3
(b) Determine 𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏 when 𝑨𝑨 = � �. (2 marks)
−2 2

Solution
7 3 −1 1 2 −3
� � = � �
−2 2 20 2 7

Specific behaviours
 indicates determinant
 correct inverse

(c) Show use of matrix methods to solve the following system of linear equations:

7𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 − 25 = 0
2𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 10 = 0
(2 marks)
Solution
7 3 𝑥𝑥 25
� � �𝑦𝑦� = � �
−2 2 −10

𝑥𝑥 1 2 −3 25
�𝑦𝑦� = � �� �
20 2 7 −10
4
=� �
−1

Specific behaviours
 writes as matrix equation
 shows use of inverse and obtains correct solution

See next page SN060-181-3

CALCULATOR-FREE 7 SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2

Question 5 (6 marks)
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋
(a) Using a product identity, or otherwise, evaluate cos � � − cos � �. (3 marks)
12 12
Solution
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋 − 2𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋 + 2𝜋𝜋
cos � � − cos � � = cos � � − cos � �
12 12 12 12
3𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
= 2 sin � � sin � �
12 12
√2 1
=2× ×
2 2
√2
=
2

Specific behaviours
 indicates appropriate sum and difference
 uses identity
 evaluates

(b) Solve the equation 2 cos 2 2𝑥𝑥 = 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋. (3 marks)
Solution
2(1 − sin2 2𝑥𝑥) − 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 = 0
2 sin2 2𝑥𝑥 + 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 0
(2 sin 2𝑥𝑥 − 1)(sin 2𝑥𝑥 + 2) = 0
1
sin 2𝑥𝑥 =
2
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 13𝜋𝜋 17𝜋𝜋
2𝑥𝑥 = , , ,
6 6 6 6
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 13𝜋𝜋 17𝜋𝜋
𝑥𝑥 = , , ,
12 12 12 12

Specific behaviours
 uses Pythagorean identity to form quadratic
 factors quadratic and indicates one solution
 all correct solutions

SN060-181-3 See next page

SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2 8 CALCULATOR-FREE

Question 6 (7 marks)
2
(a) Determine all complex solutions to the equation 𝑧𝑧 − 10𝑧𝑧 + 27 = 0. (2 marks)
Solution
(𝑧𝑧 − 5)2 = 25 − 27
(𝑧𝑧 − 5)2 = 2𝑖𝑖 2
𝑧𝑧 = 5 ± √2𝑖𝑖

Specific behaviours
 completes square
 both correct solutions

(b) 𝑧𝑧1 = −4 − 𝑖𝑖 is a solution to 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 0, where 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) is a real quadratic polynomial.

(i) State 𝑧𝑧2 , another solution to 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 0. (1 mark)

Solution
𝑧𝑧 = −4 + 𝑖𝑖
Specific behaviours
 correct complex number
(ii) Let 𝑧𝑧3 = 𝑧𝑧2 − 𝑧𝑧1 . Plot and label 𝑧𝑧1 , 𝑧𝑧2 and 𝑧𝑧3 in the complex plane below. (2 marks)

Solution
See graph
Specific behaviours
 sketches roots as conjugate pair
 correctly locates 𝑧𝑧3

(iii) Determine 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧), given that the coefficient of its 𝑧𝑧 2 term is 1. (2 marks)

Solution
2
Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑧𝑧 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐.
Then 𝑏𝑏 = −2(−4) = 8 and 𝑐𝑐 = 42 + 12 = 17.

𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑧𝑧 2 + 8𝑧𝑧 + 17

Specific behaviours
 shows sum and product of roots (or product of factors)
 correct equation

See next page SN060-181-3

CALCULATOR-FREE 9 SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2

Question 7 (6 marks)
5𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛
Use mathematical induction to prove that 2 − 5 is divisible by 9 for all integers 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 1.

Solution
5𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛
Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑛𝑛) = 2 −5 .

When 𝑛𝑛 = 1 then
𝑓𝑓(1) = 32 − 5
= 27
= 3 × 9 which is divisible by 9

Assume true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 so that 25𝑘𝑘 − 5𝑘𝑘 = 9𝐼𝐼 for some integer 𝐼𝐼.

When 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1 then
𝑓𝑓(𝑘𝑘 + 1) = 25𝑘𝑘+5 − 5𝑘𝑘+1
= 25 ∙ 25𝑘𝑘 − 5 ∙ 5𝑘𝑘
= 32�9𝐼𝐼 + 5𝑘𝑘 � − 5 ∙ 5𝑘𝑘 (using assumption)
= 32(9𝐼𝐼) + 27�5𝑘𝑘 �
= 9 �32𝐼𝐼 + 3�5𝑘𝑘 �� which is divisible by 9

Hence 𝑓𝑓(𝑛𝑛) is divisible by 9 for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1 and as demonstrated

divisible for 𝑛𝑛 = 1 then will be divisible for all 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 1.

Specific behaviours
 demonstrates true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1
 makes assumption for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘
 expression for 𝑓𝑓(𝑘𝑘 + 1)
 uses assumption to replace 25𝑘𝑘
 factors out 9 from 𝑓𝑓(𝑘𝑘 + 1)
 concluding statement

SN060-181-3 See next page

SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2 10 CALCULATOR-FREE

Question 8 (8 marks)
(a) Points 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵 and 𝐶𝐶 lie on a circle.

The tangent to the circle at 𝐴𝐴

intersects secant 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 at point 𝐷𝐷.

Prove that 𝐴𝐴𝐷𝐷 2 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 × 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶. (4 marks)

Solution
First prove that Δ𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴~Δ𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵:

∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 (common)

∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 (angles in opposite segments)

Hence Δ𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴~Δ𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 as two pairs of congruent angles.

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
Using ratios of corresponding sides, = ⇒ 𝐴𝐴𝐷𝐷 2 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 × 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶.
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴

Specific behaviours
 shows congruency of one pair of angles, with reasoning
 shows congruency of second pair of angles, with reasoning
 establishes similarity, with reasoning
 completes proof using ratio of sides

(b) Two unequal circles intersect at 𝑃𝑃 and 𝑄𝑄. A common tangent touches one circle at 𝑅𝑅 and
the other circle at 𝑆𝑆. 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 produced intersects 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 at 𝑋𝑋. Prove that 𝑋𝑋 bisects 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅. (4 marks)
Solution

Let 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 and 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 intersect at 𝑋𝑋.

In smaller circle, 𝑅𝑅𝑋𝑋 2 = 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 × 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 (tangent secant theorem)
In larger circle, 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 2 = 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 × 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 (tangent secant theorem)
Hence 𝑅𝑅𝑋𝑋 2 = 𝑆𝑆𝑋𝑋 2 ⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 and so 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 produced bisects 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅.

Specific behaviours
 labelled diagram
 uses tangent-secant theorem in one circle
 uses tangent-secant theorem in the other circle
 concludes proof

End of questions SN060-181-3

CALCULATOR-FREE 11 SPECIALIST UNITS 1&2

Supplementary page

Question number: _________

SN060-181-3
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