Available online at wiww.sciencedirect.com So WD Srencedirect Procedia with Computer Science iiss Procea Computer Sin 157 2019) 489-298 ‘www aleve comlcatefprooedia 4th Intemational Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence 2019 (ICCSCH), 12-13 September 2019 Technological Factors of Mobile Payment: A Systematic Literature Review Marisa Karsen*, Yakob Utama Chandra*’, Hanny Juwitasary* “Information Systems Department, Schl of Information Systems, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia Abstract Inthe lst 10 years, mobile paymentis widely used by anyone and even becomes a needs requirement to perform financial activites. ach Ginancial institution always ies to improve the sevice in the institution looking for technology-oriented innovation, The mobile payment servies that are curently ereated and through continuous improvement have important functions inthe creato cof ecosystems ranging from regulators, financial institutions, device manufacturers, retailers tothe customer himself, With the increasing use of mobile payment its important to know the key factors that make people use mobile peyment. The key factor in the use of mobile payment can be an opportunity for Financial services to build the right mobile payment for human needs, This research uses a qualitative method with a systematic literature review approach to answering the research question "what isthe key technological factots using mobile payment?” With the systemati literature review approach, 44 key factors were found forthe human influences using mobile payment from $4 research literature, There are 17 important key technological factors for mobile payment © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier BV. ‘This isan open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (htip/erativecommons.onglicensestby-ne-nd§.0) Peet-review under responsibilty of the seientitie committee of the 4th Trtemational Conference on Computer Science and ‘Computational intelligence 2019, Keyword: Mobile Payment; Technological Factor; Component; Systematic Literature Review; Finch; * Comesponding author. Tel: +62-811-8302-906 Email addres: yahoos. 1877-0509 © 2019 The Authors Polished by Esevse 3.N ‘This ie an open access anticle under the CC BY-NC-ND license (tsp //cestivconanaons or ensee oy-ne-nd/&.0/) Peer-eviow under eaponaitty of the scientific commaltes of the 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Computations) Inteligencs 2018 UO L010/5 procs.2019 09.008490 Maria Karsen a, Procedia Computer Science 157 (2019) 488-498 1. Introduction Financial technology (fintech) has become a technology that develops very fast and has very varied and growing services in each financial institution. Each financial institution always ties to improve the service in the institution looking for technology-oriented innovation. When looking for technological innovation, itis necessary to have key factors to satisfy the needs ofits customers. ‘The key factors can be found in each paper or research journal to know the basic needs of each customer: As we know today, fintech’s development focuses almost entirely on the financial sector, but began to emerge as part of the communication services as a means to mect the needs of telecommunications customers, especially when customers are related to fintech Therefore, the economic aspects that exist not only in the financial industey but also in other industries that aim to provide services to meet the needs of the customers | Currently, the financial technology uses mobile phones as a means very close to the customer. Today's mobile phones are not only used forthe telephone and receiving messages, but they also have many functions that are useful for human needs. This opportunity is used by the financial services scctor, such as the sectors related to payment services that use mobile phones that we know today with smartphones. Mobile technology, like the smartphones we know today, is beneficial for both the financial services sector and the humans who use it, Since 2000, the mobile payment service can be called mobile payment. Currently, in the world, there ae already hundreds of mobile payment serviees that aim to serve humans to meet any need for payment. From the payment ofthe installation to the payment of the expenses required by humans The mobile payment systems that reside in smartphones now have important drivers in socioeconomic development to boost economic growth inthe region and the country. With the existence of mobile payment systems, not only perform payment transactions only but also have an important role in electronic and mobile commerce in the world, The mobile payment services that are currently created and through continuous improvement have important functions in the creation of ecosystems ranging from regulators, financial institutions, device manufacturers, retailers to the customer himself '. For example, in the ecosystem that is currently growing rapidly is electronic commerce. With electronic commerce, then it offers an opportunity for financial serviees to improve services, especially in the field of mobile payment © The use of mobile payment now has the convenience for the e use ofa smartphone. The services that are currently the most used are the payments for the purchase of products and services online and the payment of invoices. The mobile payment becomes a means to make all the transactions necessary for the elient. In general, mobile payment has the characteristics of atomicity, the impossibility of the non- reputation, sccurity, availability, profitability, integration, case of usc and confidentiality in any financial services * To obtain a more complete understanding of mobile payment, especially regarding the mobile payment usage {actor in technology focusses, a thorough investigation of th literature review is needed. With this, you can get more information about the suecess factor in ereating mobile payments that can be used as a means of the need for humans. The research question in this research is "what is the key technological factors using mobile payment?” The technological key factor in the use of mobile payment can be an opportunity for financial scrvices to build the right ‘mobile payment for human needs. ‘tomer, Because customers already understand the 1. Theoretical Foundations 1.1, Mobile Payment Mobile devices can be used for payment (as a mobile payment) using micro-payment methods that must be supported by an authentication system to ensure the safety and comfort of every transaction. There are several advantages to using the mobile payment method, which is an independent payment, easily accessible everywhere and the possibility of long queues due to cash payments can be avoided. In addition to the benefits, there are several factors that can prevent the use of mobile payment methods, such as premium prices ofthe payment system, perecived security risks, incompatibility with large payments and immunity of mobile payments ®Marisa Karson eta. Procedia Computer Science 157 (2019) 88-498 1 1.2, Technological Personal Environmental (TPE) Framework The TPE framework is a framework adapted from 2 TOE (Technological Organizational Environment), which is usually used as a benchmark for acceptance of technology in organizations. Because the TOE is more focused on the organizational context, so that the framework is considered unsuitable for technology acceptance on the individual side, a TPE framework has been designed that can provide a better explanation of the acceptance of technology for an individual. The TPE framework comprises 3 categories, namely: technology (in terms of external and internal factors), personal (in terms of individual characteristics) and environment (related to social circumstances and availability of support related to the object under investigation)’. 2. Methodology The approach adopted in conducting this research is by using the systematic literature review approach that aims to answer the research question is "what is the key factors for influences humans using mobile payment " When applying the Systematic Literature Review approach, some sections will be needed to obtain human influences of key factors using mobile payment in any research that has been done previously. The first section begins by looking for the publication of existing research of world-renowned publications. The second section is to perform data extractions. and the last section is to analyse each research publication to answer the rescarch question. 2.1. Introduction Stage In this stage, the research begins looking for research publications located in: 1) Science Direct (wwwsciencedirect.com), 2) TEEF Xplore Digital Library (ieeexplore.ieee.org), 3) Emerald Insight (www-emeraldinsight.com), 4) ACM Digital Library (dl.acm.org), 5) Springer Link (link springer.com), 6) Inder- science Publishers (www.inderscience.com), 7) Taylor & Francis (Wwww.taylorandfrancisgroup.comyjournals/), 8) SAGE Joumals (journals.sagepub.com), Financial technology has 4 (four) main groups, namely, financing, asset management, payments and other fintech [8]. In this research, the focus of the research is dedicated to the mobile payment that is part of the payment in financial technology (fintech) to obtain the key factors in the use of mobile payment. To get a search that focuses on mobile payment according to the research approach, search using the keyword patter, The keywords use Boolean operators to filter the data so that they have priority inthe search of the database for each research publication. Use of symbols and Boolean operators like OR, AND. The keyword seazch is: ‘© (mobile payment OR (m-payment) OR (electronic AND payment) OR (digital AND wallet)) AND (component ‘OR Attribute) AND (framework AND payment) OR (framework AND digital)) ‘© (mobile AND payment) OR (digital AND wallet)) AND (framework OR model) AND (component OR Attribute) AND (financial AND technology) OR (fintech AND mobile)) © (electronic AND wallet) OR (e-wallet)) AND (framework OR model) AND (component OR Attribute) AND (key AND factor) OR (mobile AND payment)) Alter obtaining the results of the keywords that were used, the inclusion criteria in the search carried out three filter processes. In the first process filter, you will find "Studies found". All research publications that have been found from these keywords are categorized in the study found. Then, the next step is to do the second filter that is looking at the ttle and read the abstract is relevant to the rescarch question, The stages of ths filter fall into the category of "Candidate Studies". The third ot last filter isto read each content of a research publication that has been taken from the candidate studies and the last category used is called "Selected studies’ uddition to the inclusion erteria, inthis study there are also search exclusion criteria are: ‘+ The year of publication of the research is before 2014 ‘+ Duplicate publication of the same research outside of the systematic literature review ‘© Other financial technology issues2.2, Data Extraction Marisa Karsen ea, Procedia Computer Science 157 (2019) 98-498 A search with a predefined keyword atthe origin of the research publication found 208 research publications of the expected criteria, From 208 research publications, there are 115 research publications that fit the ttle and abstract to the research question. After conducting more studies in 115 research publications, obtain $4 research publications that can be used in this research to find the research question. The extraction of detailed data is found in table 1 Table 1. Paper from Saies Found uml Selected Stes Saas Toad Condiite Sele Soars Found Condiate Seles Science Diast 7 a TF Springer 7 5 IEERXplore Digital 2 2 8 Inderscience 4 3 Library Taylor & Francs 3 3 Emerald Moo 2 1 1 ACMDigialLisry = 28 4 us sa 3. Results and Discussion 3.1, List of Paper Publication In the data extraction above, there are 54 research publications that are included in selected studies. In Table 2, there is alist of s ted studies for this research, ‘Table 2 List of Paper Publication Sams Ver Type Pager Sou Yar hs Pape Timea aie ‘Aloo Scenes 2017 J Limitations Enel doe Rote ot gender Science Diect 2017) Predicings Emerald aos Bening ScemeDiet 2018) Social Encald ns Ieee of. Spngce 2061 An Epica." Famer dois Unienteading Springs aos eterna Enoald ane ‘Antonino. Spigct 21s ven bend dois Detour.» Springs ory) Reto. Enid a ‘Apion | Spingce dol 1 Examining. Lineal 017 Conse.” Taylor tracts 3013.) Bevin Enid an Mobi Taple Francs 2015 J User Emerald ois Undertading. Taylor Frcs 2017 J Howser. Enea ane UUnderanding gob Vane? Inderscience 2018 Ewing. dois Adopon Insrsceace 2018 Faces grb tab Inderscience 2015, ‘Why ensomers aor oP TAM shar ane ‘A Conparave dois An Engi." SteDiet 2014 Avocent aoe An bmpieal Seucebiret 2014 ‘The moderating dos AnBpeal ScienceDirect 2018 Thseffoc of aoe P Explore Some Direct 2013 ‘Thelgited dole tafe ScaeDiret 2016 Mae os FNC Scmecbieet 2018 ‘Adoption of. ® oly tvestigating SceaceDiret 2016 ‘sinew Ieee boi? Mobile Scmeebinet 2016 Monee ScicaceDiect 2018, BAM. Scence Direct 2016 Profiting. Ssenee ois tenon” Scmeebiret 2017 Securit. Science ao) Millon Scence Diet 2017 Conmue* Scene Diet 2017 4: Joural,P:Procesding In table 2, there are two types of publications: a journal and proceeding/conference. From the 54 research publications, there are 38 (70%) research publications of journal, and there are 16 (30%) research publications of proceeding/conference.Marisa Karsen ta, Procedia Computer Science 157 (2019) 488-498 293 3.2, Number of Authors based on Country From 54 research publications, there are 127 authors contributing from 25 countries in mobile payment research, ‘The first rank that has many authors for this study is derived from the country of Malaysia with a total of 21 authors. TThe second rank is from Chinese country with the number of authors as many as 20 authors. Continued on the third rank of the country of Indonesia with the number of authors as many as 14 authors Inthe fourth rank is from the USA with the number of authors as many as 12 authors, and in the fifth rank is from the country of Italy as many as 8 authors. 3.3. Number of Institution’ Paper ‘The most productive institutions for mobile payment research are University of Granada (Spain) with 8 papers and Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Malaysia) with 4 papers. In total there is 70 institutions research about using mobile payment 3.4. The Top Authors From 127 authors research about using mobile payment, the most active authors for using mobile payment research, namely Francisco Jose’ Lie"bana-Cabanillas from Spain wrote 8 papers, Francisco Jose’ Liebana-Cabanillas from the Department of Marketing and Market Research of University of Granada, Spain. 3.5, Discipline of Authors The five most of authors" discipline expertise come from Business with 28 authors (22%), Management with 22 authors (17%), Computer Science with 13 authors (10%), Information Systems with 11 authors (9%) and Business Administration with 10 authors (8%). It can be concluded that using mobile payment topic is a multidisciplinary concept between Business, Management, Computer Sciences and Information Systems, For detail about authors" discipline can be seen in table 3, Table 3. Discipline Background of Authors Dincpline of Authors utbors i) Percent 72) Disipine of Authors authors Percent Oo) Accounting 3 Tadtnal Engineering 3 Business Es Information Management 4 BosinessAdminsrtion 0 % Information Systems u Busines Enginering 3 % Information Technology 6 Busines Information Systems 1 1% ‘Management 2 Business Research 3 ”% Marketing 7 Computer Sienee 3 lov ‘Markstng and Market Research 5 ospatality Management 2 ‘Technology Management 4 TOTAL i 3.6, Researched Industrial and Countries From papers that have been selected studies, there are 22 articles that diseuss digital payments from the banking industry. The countries that talk most about digital payment from banking industry are Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China, France, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Spain and Thailand. In addition to banking services, financial services also have 25 papers in which countries are the same as banking industry, namely Australia, Bangladesh, China, France, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Spain. In this case it can be concluded that digital payments are still the most discussed from the banking and financial services industry, For detail about researched industrial and counties, can be seen in table 4.Maria Karsen eta, Procedia Computer Science 157 (2019) 488-498 ‘Teble 4 Research Industral and Countries Ta Ts Count Tapes Baking ‘unval, Bangladan, Canada, China, Francs, nda Indonesia Malaya Nowa 2 Pakisan, Per, Pilippines, Spin, Thailand E-Commerce China, Denmark, Indi, Malays Pakistan, Qatar, Spin, Taiwan, Thailand Finacial Services ‘Austala, Bangladesh, China, France, India, Indonesia, aly, Jord, Malaysia, Portugal, Spin, Tatwan, USA Resturant Industry USA, 1 Social Commeree China, South Attia, Spain, UK, USA, ° ‘Teecommunieaion Cenada, China, Tndooesia, Malaysia Portugal, Spain 4 Transportation China indonesia Spain 3 3.7. Basic Framework Theories In 54 research publications that using mobile payments, there is a basic theory that becomes the framework of the authors doing research, From the framework that has been very widely used by researchers and frameworks that authors create their own, The basic Framework theories most commonly used to investigate the use of mobile payments are "Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)" (26%), TAM (22%), and most of them are used in combination of TAM, The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), The theory of planned behavior (TPB), Dissemination of innovations (DON) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), For details can be seen in table 5. Table 5. Basic Framework Theories Model ned Paper @)— Pereent 22) Reference Tae a Soh SRRRREE Ro a a Be aahenannno Mix Used: TAM, TRA, TPB, DOL, UTAUIT 5 UTACT 5 uraura 4 Extended UTAUT. 3 _DOI (Diffesion of Innovation) Model 1 Ibiegated Value-Risk Perception Model 1 ‘Teennologicl-Peronal-Envionmentl (TPE) Framework 1 1a 1 TRA 1 ‘Trasted Thiel Party (TTP) Model 1 \Vaiue-based Adoption Medel (VAM) 1 (ers (Framework by Authors) 4 TOTAL ss 3.8, The Factors of Mobite Payment ‘There are 44 factors from $4 kinds of literature, This ean be a key factor in the design and development of mobile payments for human use. With these 44 factors, people can use mobile payments in financial technology (fintech) as well. Table 6 shows about 44 factors that influence humans using mobile payments is defined. ‘The ten (10) most factor for using mobile payments is perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived trust, perceived risk, social influence, perceived security, effort expectancy, attitude, performance expectancy and facilitating condition, Table 6, The Factors of Mobile Payment Fair ye Tafernce Paved Ese of Use 98) Pereived Uretlners MF taiehitinnmnnannamesineanays ame Barer Ure Je mien aiousn sqm eevee nage ee 3 invienaninacararn me naaseh eevee ine Qe Minna em nme ee 1g Akannannnsans itor bepost OSA Neate 2 tisaoremensae Performance Fxpectaney 12,‘ RavisziamamaaoavensMarisa Karson ta, Procedia Computer Science 157 (2019) 488-498 295 Na Factor oe ference TO Fasting Condon Te TET HL Perocived Comptiity 1 MARIA MMaaT 12 Subjetive Norms 1 BnaEsmeaes 13 Personal Inovativeness sanaasionas 9 15 Perocived Value 9 ata sian na 16 Perceived Benefit 8 17. Perosivod Convenience 7 19 Habit 5 20 Pereived Cost 5 21 Perosived Enjoyment a Peresived Ability 4 23. Self-efficacy 3 24 Social Image 3 25. Payment Culture 3 36 Abworptive Capacity 2 27 Perouived Financial 2 Be 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 28 Percevved information 29° Perosived Mobility 530 Perceived Regulatory 31 Perecived Service 32 Struct Assurance 33. Accessibilty 34 Avallabiiy BS. Parceived System Quality 36 Adoption Readinest 37 Attactiveness 34 Awareness 39 Consstonce 40. Percsived Similarity AL Perceived Uality 42. Product involvement 43 Sastction 44° Smartphone experience 3.9, The Technological - Personal - Environmental Framework Mapping Based on the number of table 6, This is a mapping of the Technological ~ Personal ~ Environment Framework, From 62 factors mapping to the 3 big area variables. There are added area about collaboration between technological = personal, Technological — Environment, Personal — Environment, and all of the variable, Can be seen at figure 1 ‘The number in the figure | is about number in tac list of factors from table 6, not about number of references, To answer the research question " what is the key technological factors for influences humans using mobile payment?” It can be deduced from Figure | thet the personal factor is the largest factor that supports the existence of mobile payment. There are no fewer than 22 factors used by researchers to investigate mobile payments. In addition to personal factors, the second largest factor is technological factor as many as seven factors, Even in the field of technological personal factors, ithas 7 factors that are the research factors. The small factor that researchers use is the environmental factor. This is because the environmental factor is a factor located at the research site, so this cannot generally be done, Three environmental factors are social influence, social image and payment culture. Things that can be a concer for the development of technology, especially regarding mobile payments, are the factors found in the technological factor, namely 7 factors: safety, expected performance, facilitating conditions, absorbency, availablity, consistency and product involvement, Apart from these 7 factors, there are factors that together with personal factors are 7 factors, namely: compatibility, value, services, accessibility, system quality, agreement and usability. In addition, there are 3 factors related to technological, personal and ecological aspects that rust be taken into consideration in the development of technology, namely: structural certainty, acceptance of acceptance and awareness. These 17 factors are therefore very useful for technological development, especially in the ‘mobile payment when developing and improving mobile payments.496 Marisa Karsen eta. Procedia Computer Science 157 2019) 88-498 ‘Teetuological Personal Environmental Fig Mapping of PE Framework 4, Conclusion With the approach used in the systematic literature review, obtain 44 key factors for human influences using mobile payment in financial institutions, The 17 key technological factors can use to design, improve and adjust current mobile payments with technology condition; become tools to help customers meet requirements for financial institutions. In addition, these 44 key factors can also be used by the practitioner to learn more about the system in ‘mobile payments that can be useful and become the basis for the development of mobile payment products References 1. 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