Environment Class 16

Environment Class 16
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (5:13 PM)

Bio-Medical waste
 Clinical, Hospitals, Nursing Centres, R&D Centres, etc.
 Infectious and Non-Infectious
 Infectious:- Eg. - Pathogen containing samples, Utensils,syringe,etc.
 Non-Infectious- Eg- Blood bag, Anatomical parts, cotton, etc,
 Segregation into 4 Different coloured Bins:-
 Yellow- Human/Animal anatomical waste, solid waste, Expired Drugs, Chemical waste,
Body fluid, clinical waste
 Red- Contaminated waste, Plastic Bag, Bottles, Pipes, Container
 Blue-Broken Glassware, metallic Body Implants
 White- Scalpel, Blade Needle, Syringe, Any sharp metal.
 According to Bio-medical waste(management and handling) rules, 2016
 Biomedical waste is defined as Any waste which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunisation of Human beings or animals, in research activities pertaining
thereto or in the production or testing of biologicals
 Provisions:
 Cover all healthcare facilities irrespective of the medical system
 Simplifications of the categories and treatment of bio-medical waste
 Introduction of bar-coding for packaging and labelling of Bio-medical waste to eliminate
pilferage on the way of transportation
 Introduction of New technologies for disposal
 Mandates phasing out the use of chlorinated plastic bags, gloves and blood bags within 2
years
 Stringent standards for emission, standards permissible Limit for PM, Standards for Dioxin
and Furans and increasing residence time in the incubator chamber
 E-WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES,2019
 EPR forms the crux of the rules i.e mechanism of collection centres for recycling purpose
 Target-based approach
 flexibility for implementation of EPR through E-waste exchange, e retailer, deposit refund
 A new business model to replace collection centre with collection mechanism approach
 All India EPR authorisation of producers by CPCB
 Bulk consumer for recycling based on turnover and number of employees
 CFL and other mercury-containing lamps under the rule
 stringent environment compliance-standard operating procedure(SOP) and guidelines
based approach for permission
PLASTICS (6:10 PM)
PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES, 2019
 Jurisdiction extended to cover rural areas
 Minimum thickness of plastic carry bags increased from 40-50 Microns
 Rules mandates EPR i.e. collection bag system of plastic waste
 Scope of reuse and recycle enhanced
 Collection of plastic waste management fee through pre-registration of the shopkeeper
and vendors through selling the plastic carry bag
NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL (6:46 PM)
 Statutory Body formed by NGT Act,2010
 Quasi-Judicial Body with Members from Judiciary as well as expert members
 Chairman:- Retired judge of the SC of India
 Principal Bench: New Delhi
 Regional Benches: Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, Chennai
 Speedy Disposal of environmental cases
 WPA,1972 outside the Purview of NGT
 An appeal can be made to the Supreme Court
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
 Development Project- Eg:- Highway, port, Hydro-power, canal, etc.
 Land Acquisition-social impact assessment- clearance
 EIA study- Environmental clearance
 EIA Rules
 1994
 2006 (Existing)
 2020
 EIA is a process or study which -
 predicts the effect of a proposed industrial or infrastructural project on the environment
 Prevents the proposed activities or project from being approved without proper oversight
or taking adverse consequences into account
 Compares various alternatives for the project and seeks to identify the one which
represents the best combination of economic and environmental cost and benefit
 EIS Study is important for environmental clearance in the country as per the EIS rules
notified by the central government under the Environment protection act 1986.
 Environment clearance is necessary for -
 Any new development activity or project
 Expansion of existing project
 Any change in product mix in a manufacturing unit
 The present EIA study is conducted under the EIA rules,2006. The central government has
proposed new EIA rules,2020 for future environmental clearance.
 As per EIA rules 2006, there are 4 stages in environmental clearance-
 1. Screening- Projects are classified into Category 'A' and Category 'B'-depending on the
scale of Impacts. Category B is further sub-divided into-Category B1 and Category B2.
Category B1 needs EIA study while B2 is exempted from EIA study. Screening is required for
Category B projects only. All category A projects are cleared by Central EIA authority
whereas Category B1 projects by State EIA authority.
 2. Scoping- Baseline data on the environment is collected to prepare an EIA Report based
on terms of reference (TOR) of the project. EIA report is prepared by a third party EIA
consultant Hired and Paid by the project developer. These consultants are certified by
Central Government
 3. Public Consultation- A public hearing is conducted on the EIA report for which local
communities are invited for discussion. A member of the state pollution control board
/CPCB will supervise the Public hearing Process. A Video recording of the Public hearing is
done.
 4. Appraisal- An expert appraisal committee revies the report on the EIA and Public
hearing process. Based on appraisal decision making is taken By EAC who may approve or
reject the environment clearance.
 After approval, the project developer has to submit a progress report every 6 months to
meet the environmental compliance.
 Proposed EIA Rules, 2020
 The Programme Report once a year
 The projects are divided into A, B, and B2
 Category A by CEIAA while Category B 1 and B2 by SEIAA
 For category A and B1 5 stages:- Scoping; Draft EIA Report Preparation; Public
Consultation; Final EIA report preparation; Appraisal
 For B2 Project 3 stages:- Preparation and Appraised of the environment management plan;
Verification of its completeness by the SEIAA
 Grant/ Rejection of clearance
 Prior Environment Clearance for certain projects can be a challenge in the NGT

Environment Class 16

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Environment Class 16

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (5:13 PM)

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