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    Basics of Oscilloscopes

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    Basic of oscilloscope

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    Basics of Oscilloscopes

    Uploaded by

    krishnapaswan00012
    2 views3 pages
    Basic of oscilloscope

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    Basic of oscilloscope

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views3 pages

    Basics of Oscilloscopes

    Uploaded by

    krishnapaswan00012
    Basic of oscilloscope

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Page 1 of 3

    Basics of Oscilloscopes
    Oscilloscope is an electronic equipment, which displays a voltage waveform. Among the oscilloscopes,
    Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) is the basic one and it displays a time varying signal or waveform.

    In this chapter, let us discuss about the block diagram of CRO and measurements of some parameters
    by using CRO.

    Block Diagram of CRO


    Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) consists a set of blocks. Those are vertical amplifier, delay line, trigger
    circuit, time base generator, horizontal amplifier, Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) & power supply. The block
    diagram of CRO is shown in below figure.

    The function of each block of CRO is mentioned below.

    Vertical Amplifier − It amplifies the input signal, which is to be displayed on the screen of CRT.

    Delay Line − It provides some amount of delay to the signal, which is obtained at the output of
    vertical amplifier. This delayed signal is then applied to vertical deflection plates of CRT.
    Trigger Circuit − It produces a triggering signal in order to synchronize both horizontal and
    vertical deflections of electron beam.
    Time base Generator − It produces a sawtooth signal, which is useful for horizontal deflection
    of electron beam.
    Page 2 of 3

    Horizontal Amplifier − It amplifies the sawtooth signal and then connects it to the horizontal
    deflection plates of CRT.
    Power supply − It produces both high and low voltages. The negative high voltage and positive
    low voltage are applied to CRT and other circuits respectively.
    Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) − It is the major important block of CRO and mainly consists of four
    parts. Those are electron gun, vertical deflection plates, horizontal deflection plates and
    fluorescent screen.

    The electron beam, which is produced by an electron gun gets deflected in both vertical and horizontal
    directions by a pair of vertical deflection plates and a pair of horizontal deflection plates respectively.
    Finally, the deflected beam will appear as a spot on the fluorescent screen.

    In this way, CRO will display the applied input signal on the screen of CRT. So, we can analyse the
    signals in time domain by using CRO

    Measurements by using CRO


    We can do the following measurements by using CRO.

    Measurement of Amplitude

    Measurement of Time Period

    Measurement of Frequency

    Now, let us discuss about these measurements one by one.

    Measurement of Amplitude

    CRO displays the voltage signal as a function of time on its screen. The amplitude of that voltage signal
    is constant, but we can vary the number of divisions that cover the voltage signal in vertical direction by
    varying volt/division knob on the CRO panel. Therefore, we will get the amplitude of the signal, which is
    present on the screen of CRO by using following formula.

    A = j × nv

    Where,

    A is the amplitude

    j is the value of volt/division

    nv is the number of divisions that cover the signal in vertical direction.

    Measurement of Time Period


    Page 3 of 3

    CRO displays the voltage signal as a function of time on its screen. The Time period of that periodic
    voltage signal is constant, but we can vary the number of divisions that cover one complete cycle of
    voltage signal in horizontal direction by varying time/division knob on the CRO panel.

    Therefore, we will get the Time period of the signal, which is present on the screen of CRO by using
    following formula.

    T = k × nh

    Where,

    T is the Time period

    j is the value of time/division

    nv is the number of divisions that cover one complete cycle of the periodic signal in horizontal
    direction.

    Measurement of Frequency

    The frequency, f of a periodic signal is the reciprocal of time period, T. Mathematically, it can be
    represented as

    1
    f =
    T

    So, we can find the frequency, f of a periodic signal by following these two steps.

    Step1 − Find the Time period of periodic signal

    Step2 − Take reciprocal of Time period of periodic signal, which is obtained in Step1

    We will discuss about special purpose oscilloscopes in next chapter.

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