International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Hiren et.al., Vol: 3, No: 1, pp: 34-40, March 2024

Real Time Patient Monitoring System

Hiren Uthaiah M S1 , Jagan Babu A1

Abstract: This research introduces a comprehensive real-time patient monitoring system leveraging IoT for
continuous data acquisition. The system employs Blynk, a mobile app, for real-time alerts through email and
mobile notifications. Monitoring vital parameters such as temperature, humidity, and heart rate, the collected
data is displayed on an LCD and stored in the cloud via the Blynk platform. An integrated buzzer ensures
immediate alerts for abnormal values, enhancing the system's responsiveness. This innovative approach enhances
patient care by providing instant notifications and access to crucial health metrics, contributing to proactive
medical interventions.

Keywords: Real-time Patient Monitoring, IoT, Heart Rate, Cloud Integration, Abnormality Alerts.

1. Introduction 2. Literature survey

In the evolving landscape of healthcare, the This literature review delves into the landscape of
demand for sophisticated patient monitoring systems real-time patient monitoring systems, with a specific
has intensified, emphasizing the need for real-time focus on Gawande et al.'s (2021) contribution to the
data analysis and immediate response mechanisms [1]. integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies.
This paper presents a groundbreaking approach to Their study addresses the imperative need for
real- time patient monitoring over the Internet of continuous patient monitoring, particularly for those
Things (IoT) with advanced alerting capabilities. dealing with chronic diseases. Existing literature
Leveraging the Blynk app, the system provides underscores the challenges faced by conventional
instantaneous alerts via email and mobile healthcare systems, emphasizing the deployment of
notifications, ensuring timely responses to critical sensors to measure vital parameters and transmit data
health parameters, including temperature, humidity, to web servers for remote access. However, a
and heart rate [2]. The integration of machine learning comprehensive analysis reveals a critical gap in the
techniques enhances the system's ability to detect literature—specifically, the integration of IoT
anomalies, thereby contributing to a proactive technologies with alert mechanisms like the Blynk app
healthcare model. for real-time patient monitoring. Gawande et al.'s
work demonstrates a systematic approach to real-time
data transmission and storage but also highlights
limitations such as the lack of physical examination
and dependency on internet connectivity [1]. This
literature review stresses the importance of addressing
Article History
these gaps for a more nuanced understanding and
Received: 16-10-2023; Revised: 25-01-2024;
effective implementation of comprehensive real-time
Accepted: 28-01-2024
patient monitoring systems in healthcare
Hiren Uthaiah M S environments.
lochanhiren@gmail.com
This literature review assesses the landscape of
1Department of Medical Electronics Engineering, M S IoT-based smart healthcare monitoring systems,
Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore - 560054,
focusing on the work of Islam et al. (2020). Their
India. proposed system, utilizing five sensors, aims to
monitor real-time health indicators. While existing
research underscores IoT’s role in enhancing

https://doi.org/10.62760/iteecs.3.1.2024.75
International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Hiren et.al., Vol: 3, No: 1, pp: 34-40, March 2024

healthcare, limitations include the absence of field, focusing on different aspects of these systems.
comparative analysis, limited error rate assessment, One study by G. López, V. Custodio, and J. I. Moreno
and a lack of technical details in current studies. Islam presents the LOBIN platform, which is an e-textile and
et al.'s contribution is valuable, yet these limitations wireless-sensor-network- based system for healthcare
highlight the need for future research to address gaps, monitoring in future hospital environments. The study
such as comparative analyses and a more detailed highlights the advantages of using wearable textiles
exploration of technical aspects. Such efforts are for remote patient monitoring and discusses the use of
crucial for advancing the understanding and wireless transmission boards and distribution points
implementation of effective smart healthcare in remote areas. Another study by M. R. Yuce focuses
monitoring systems within the evolving IoT in on the implementation of wireless body area networks
healthcare paradigm [2]. for healthcare systems. The study discusses the use of
wearable sensors and the challenges associated with
This survey explores remote patient monitoring, patient comfort. It also mentions the limited coverage
focusing on Malasinghe et al.'s (2017) work. area of existing systems and proposes a multihopping
Addressing security, privacy, and system adaptability network for remote monitoring. Overall, these studies
issues, the study emphasizes challenges in adapting to highlight the importance of remote patient monitoring
diverse operating systems, patient comfort, and sensor systems in addressing the challenges of chronic
selection. Methodologically, it advocates a combined diseases and the need for continuous monitoring.
contact-based and contactless approach, showcasing They also discuss the use of wearable sensors, wireless
developments in diverse health conditions. Challenges transmission, and the potential benefits of using these
in contactless monitoring are noted, requiring future systems in future hospital environments [5].
research for enhanced accuracy. Despite the potential
impact on healthcare, the study acknowledges 3. Methodology
limitations, such as software exclusivity and 3.1 Sensor Integration
challenges in integrating complex medical devices.
The survey underscores the ongoing need for research As an integral part of our research methodology,
to optimize the benefits of remote patient monitoring we implemented a carefully planned integration of
technology [3]. various sensors including those for temperature,
humidity, and heart rate. The purpose behind this
This survey explores real-time patient monitoring approach was to capture a wide range of important
systems, emphasizing Li and You's (2022) work on an patient parameters essential for effective health
intelligent m-Health monitoring system (Im-HMS). monitoring. By employing this comprehensive
Addressing the lack of unified architecture, the study method, we aimed to gather a holistic set of data that
integrates decentralized computing, Bayesian would provide valuable insights into the patients'
networks, and agile learning for efficient health overall well-being and medical condition [6].
monitoring, aligning with the trend of leveraging IoT
and wearables. Im-HMS aims to provide reliable 3.2 The Use of Microcontrollers for data Acquisition
health data, supporting digital exercise tracking and
health training. Limitations, such as complexity in By leveraging cutting-edge technology, we have
multi-access monitoring and an 82% reliability rate, seamlessly incorporated an advanced microcontroller
highlight challenges in precision for individual health called Arduino and ESP32. This highly sophisticated
studies. While significant, Li and You's work indicates core plays a crucial role in efficiently overseeing the
the need for further research to advance intelligent m- flow of information. Acting as a central hub, it collects
Health monitoring in real-world [4]. data, establishes connections with various sensors,
and ensures seamless communication among different
This In recent years, there has been a growing
components. Through its intelligent capabilities, this
interest in the development of remote patient
microcontroller streamlines the entire process,
monitoring systems to address the challenges of
allowing for smooth and hassle-free operations [7].
chronic diseases and the need for continuous
monitoring. Several studies have been conducted in this

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International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Hiren et.al., Vol: 3, No: 1, pp: 34-40, March 2024

3.3 Blynk App Interface Development immediate access to up-to-date data, our research
project embraced Internet of Things (IoT) modules,
User interface design played a pivotal role in our including Wi-Fi. This advancement empowered our
methodology. We meticulously crafted a Blynk app system to effortlessly send data in real-time, creating
interface, envisioning it as a user-friendly dashboard a robust and seamless line of communication between
for remote patient data visualization. The integration the microcontroller and the cloud platform. A notable
of Blynk APIs further solidified the establishment of a example of this efficient data transfer is observed
real-time link between the IoT device and the app. through our utilization of Blynk Cloud, which show
cases the effectiveness of our implementation [11].
3.4 Real-Time Alerts Configuration
3.9 Testing and calibration procedures
Anticipating the need for immediate
responsiveness, our research placed a significant Rigorous testing procedures constituted a critical
emphasis on configuring the Blynk app to phase in our methodology. We subjected the system
generate real-time alerts. Specifically, we fine-tuned to comprehensive tests to validate the accuracy of
the system to detect abnormal values in temperature, sensor readings under various conditions [12].
humidity, and heart rate. These anomalies triggered Additionally, meticulous calibration procedures were
timely email and mobile notification alerts through implemented to optimize the precision of
the Blynk platform, ensuring the swift interventions. temperature, humidity and heart rate measurements.
The block representation of the process is presented in
3.5 Local Display (LCD) Fig.1.

For scenarios demanding on-the-spot monitoring,

we incorporated a local display mechanism using an
LCD. This real- time display offered immediate
visualization of critical parameters, fostering prompt
decision- making in a healthcare setting [8].

3.6 Cloud Integration for Data Storage

Embracing the advantages of cloud technology,

our research integrated Blynk Cloud as a secure
storage repository for patient data. This cloud- based
approach facilitated real-time access to patient
parameters remotely, allowing for detailed analysis
and seamless management [9].

3.7 Buzzer Integration for Auditory Alerts

A unique facet of our methodology involved the

integration of an audible alert mechanism. A buzzer,
strategically positioned within the system, was
programmed to activate in response to detected
abnormal values. This auditory alert ensured an
additional layer of immediate attention and
intervention [10].

3.8 IoT Connectivity Implementation

Fig. 1: Methodology flow chart
Acknowledging the utmost significance of having

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International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Hiren et.al., Vol: 3, No: 1, pp: 34-40, March 2024

Fig. 2: Working model

4. Results and Discussion

The implemented methodology resulted in the

successful development of an intelligent health
monitoring system is presented in Fig.2. Local
monitoring capabilities were achieved through the
seamless integration of DHT and heart rate sensors
with the microcontroller, providing real-time display
of health parameters on the LCD interface for
immediate user feedback. The abnormality detection
mechanism, featuring a buzzer, proved effective in
promptly alerting users to deviations from normal
sensor readings. Integration with the Blynk platform
facilitated remote access to health parameters through
the Blynk app on smartphones and various devices,
ensuring a user-friendly and accessible experience.
Email notifications were reliably sent via the Blynk
app in response to abnormal sensor readings,
enhancing the system's responsiveness as shown in
Fig.3. Cloud integration was successfully
implemented, establishing a secure connection
between the microcontroller and the chosen cloud
platform for real-time data transmission and storage. Fig. 3: IoT mobile app monitoring parameters

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International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Hiren et.al., Vol: 3, No: 1, pp: 34-40, March 2024

Fig. 4: App notification for alerts Fig. 6: E-mail notification for alerts

The system demonstrated compatibility across

different devices, offering a consistent user connection
between the microcontroller and the chosen cloud
platform for real-time data transmission and storage.
The system demonstrated compatibility across
different devices, offering a consistent user interface
on smartphones, tablets, and computers. Robust
security measures, including encryption protocols and
user authentication mechanisms, ensured the
confidentiality and integrity of health data as shown in
Fig. 4-6. Thorough testing and user feedback were
instrumental in refining the system, highlighting its
functionality, responsiveness, and potential for
personalized health monitoring.

5. Conclusion

The Real-Time Patient Monitoring Systems

revolutionize healthcare by continuously analyzing
vital signs through wearables and IoT technology. This
integration offers real-time insights, empowering
timely interventions and elevating patient care
standards. From smartwatches to embedded sensors,
Fig. 5: Mobile notification for alerts wearable devices monitor physiological parameters
seamlessly. The IoT connects these devices, ensuring a

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International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Hiren et.al., Vol: 3, No: 1, pp: 34-40, March 2024

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Las Vegas, NV, pp. 45-52, 2017.
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We would like to express our sincere gratitude to
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Dr. Sweeti S, Assistant Professor at Ramaiah Institute
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of Technology, Bengaluru, for her invaluable
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2012.2236013
guidance, support, and expertise throughout the
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grateful for her dedication and encouragement
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