A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT'S INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

HELD AT

OLUWASEMILORE MEDICAL CENTER

CLOSE B, TEMIDIRE ESTATE OFF KAJOLA IFO, OGUN STATE

BY

SHOBOWALE EZEKIEL MAYOWA

MATRIC NO: 23010711149

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY,

SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, GATEWAY (ICT) POLYTECHNIC,
SAAPADE, OGUN STATE.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY
TECHNOLOGY

DECEMBER 2024

i
 SUMMARY

During my period at OLUWASEMILORE MEDICAL CENTER as a SIWES students

cataloguing some information materials for the laboratory and 1 also did some activities at the

reception such as: attending to patients, confirming and examining their request forms, entering

their details into the register, detailing them concerning the test they are to undergo and directing

them to where is to carried out.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to the lord almighty for his guidance and grace he gave me from the beginning of

this program to the end.

A special thanks to my parents MR & MRS SHOBOWALE for the proper upbringing and

support till this stage if my life.

I say a very big thank you and I also pray you shall reap the fruit of your labor gracefully and

abundantly. My thanks also goes to my industrial supervisor AKINLADE ABOSEDE for her

support and discipline. I would also express my great gratitude to my supervisor MR.

AMONIYAN

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SIWES PROGRAM...................................................................1
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES...................................................................................................1
1.3 SIWES ORGANIZATION..................................................................................................1
1.4 SIWES CHALLENGES......................................................................................................2
1.5 BRIEF HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION.............................................................................2
1.6 OBJECTIVE'S OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PLACEMENT..........................................3
1.7 INTRODUCTION OF VARIOUS DEPARTEMENT OF THE HOSPITAL........................3
1.8 ORGANOGRAM OF ORGANIZATION.............................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................5
2.0 SECTIONAL ACTIVITIES AND TEST PERFORMED IN THE ORGANIZATION.........5
2.1 LABORATORY PRECAUTIONS AND RULES, EMERGENCY IN THE
LABORATORY...........................................................................................................................5
2.1.1 LABORATORY RULES AND REGULATIONS:.........................................................5
2.1.2 SAFETY RULES IN THE LABORATORY..................................................................5
2.1.3 EMERGENCY IN THE LABORATORY......................................................................6
2.1.4 SOME EQUIPMENTS USED IN THE LABORATORY..............................................6
2.1.4.7 NEEDLE AND SYRING..........................................................................................10
2.2THE LABORATORY SECTION AND VARIOUS TEST PERFORMED..........................10
2.2.1 GENOTYPE TEST.......................................................................................................11
2.2.2 BLOOD GROUPING TEST........................................................................................12
2.2.3 PACKED CELL VOLUME TEST (PCV TEST)..........................................................13
2.2.4 HAEMOGLOBIN (HB) TEST.....................................................................................14
2.2.5 WIDAL TEST...............................................................................................................14
2.2.6 HUMAN IMMUNO DEFICIENCY VIRUS SCREENING (HIV).............................16
2.2.7 PREGNANCY TEST....................................................................................................17
2.2.8 HEPATITIS B and C.....................................................................................................18

iv
 2.2.9 MALARIA PARASITE (MP) TEST (KIT TEST)........................................................19
2.3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.............................................................................................20
2.4 HAZARDOUS EQUIPMENT.............................................................................................20
CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................21
3.1 OBSERVATION, PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTED SOLUTION......21
3.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING PROGRAM....................................................21
3.3 SUGGESTED SOLUTION.................................................................................................21
CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................22
4.0 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................22
4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23

v
 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SIWES PROGRAM

SIWES (Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme) is a specific form of cooperative

education between the industry and the students implemented in Nigeria.
It was initiated by the Industrial Training Fund in 1973 and is aimed at exposing students to the
industry, teaching them how to behave in a work environment and preparing them for service to
their nation.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

1. To provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skills
and experience during their courses of study
2. To prepare students for industrial work situations that they are likely to meet after graduation
3. To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that may not be available in their institutions
4. To make the transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance students’
contacts later for job placements
5. To provide students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in real work
situations, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice
6. To enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational process through
SIWES
The scheme is for all students enrolled in specialized science, engineering and technology
programme in Universities and Polytechnics, while in the Colleges of Education, NCE
programme in Technical Education, Agriculture, Business, Creative Arts & Design, Computer
Studies and Home Economics are eligible.

1.3 SIWES ORGANIZATION

The organization of the Students Industrial Work-Experience Scheme (SIWES) involves these
stakeholders:
1. Federal Government: They are responsible for funding of the scheme.

1
2. Industrial Training Fund (SIWES Division): They are responsible for the overall
management of the scheme in collaboration with other stakeholders.
3. Supervising/Regulatory Agencies: They ensure that the guidelines for SIWES operations are
followed by the institutions
4. Industry/Employers: They are required to provide places of industrial attachment for SIWES
participants
5. Tertiary Institutions: They carry out the primary implementation of SIWES.
6. Student Trainees: They are the direct beneficiaries of the SIWES program.

1.4 SIWES CHALLENGES

1. There is poor funding, limited supervision and monitoring of interns.

2. There is difficulty in securing industrial placements for students.
3. There is also no adequate dissemination of relevant information required for successful
implementation of the Scheme

1.5 BRIEF HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION

OLUWASEMILORE MEDICAL CENTER was established with the aim of rendering medical

services to people. It located at Close B, Temidire Estate Off Kajola, Ifo, Ogun State.

OLUWASEMILORE MEDICAL CENTER is a hospital with a total number of 8 employees

which consists of the Doctors, Nurses, Medical Laboratory Technician, and the

Receptionist/Office Assistant.

In addition to the employee are the Industrial Training students. It comprises of the following

department:

1) Medical Laboratory department

2) Receptionist

2
1.6 OBJECTIVE'S OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PLACEMENT

COMPANY VISION: To be a world class health care agency, ensuring the delivery of

Qualitative health care service for the people

COMPANY MISSION: To be the best health care providing efficient health care to community

CORE VALUES: Medical excellence based on knowledge, skill and first rate human relation

passions knowledge based hard work, trust, persistence, timeliness, professionalism.

1.7 INTRODUCTION OF VARIOUS DEPARTEMENT OF THE HOSPITAL

This is the unit where patients are received and attended to regarding to the investigation written

on their laboratory request forms by the Doctor Activities such as collection of clinical

specimens and issuing of laboratory result forms are carried out this section.

HEMATOLOGY: This section is concerned with hemoglobin (Blood Pregnancy Test), FBC,

Malaria HB-genotype, ABO groups, FBC, PCV, etc. in this section patients with hematologic

diseases are followed longitudinally, although a large component of hematology practice is

providing consultative services for other physicians or medical institutions. Some hematologists

maintain a split practice, seeing hematology and general internal medicine patients.

CHEMICALPATHOLOGY: This section is concerned with cholesterol, FBS, and RBS.

Chemical pathology which is also known as clinical biochemistry involves the biochemical

investigation of bodily fluids such as blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. By discovering how

and where the body's chemistry has changed, diseases can be diagnosed and monitored.

3
1.8 ORGANOGRAM OF ORGANIZATION

Business Manager

Support Staff

Laboratory Manager

Clinic Staff

Reception

4
 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 SECTIONAL ACTIVITIES AND TEST PERFORMED IN THE ORGANIZATION

2.1 LABORATORY PRECAUTIONS AND RULES, EMERGENCY IN THE

LABORATORY

2.1.1 LABORATORY RULES AND REGULATIONS:

1) Laboratory coat and hand gloves should be worn in the laboratory

2) Eating, drinking, smoking and dancing should be avoided in the laboratory.

3) Hands should be washed after handling a sample and when leaving the laboratory.

4) All benches should be cleaned before and after the day work.

5) Avoid being bare footed, cover shoes should be worn in the laboratory.

6) Hairs should be cover with Hair net.

7) Fingers and nails should be cut short.

8) Labeling of sample should be done with care.

2.1.2 SAFETY RULES IN THE LABORATORY

1) Every laboratory is expected to adopt a code of bio-safety principle and work practice which

should be enforced and adhere to strictly by works and visitors.

2) All specimens coming into and from the laboratory are being assumed to be potentially

infection and harmful and that is why the below precaution are ensured to be taken to avoid

contamination and laboratory hazard.

3) Avoid disrupting laboratory activity you must turn off all cell phone and pages their use is

prohibited.

4) All people in laboratories, including student, staff and visitors shall wear safety glass,

Google, or face shields at all times where potential eye hazards exist.

5
5) Eating, drinking, chewing gum and applying cosmetic is prohibited laboratory.

6) Always wash hand and arms with anti-bacteria soap and water before leaving the laboratory.

In conclusion, maintain safety in the laboratory largely rest on the shoulder of the laboratory

workers, adequate safety and good laboratory practice can be avoided irrespectively of the

location, staff strength and availability of sophisticated safety cabinets in the laboratory what are

required are highly standard of hygiene by the laboratory workers to active good result in their

daily occupation practice.

2.1.3 EMERGENCY IN THE LABORATORY

Know where to find the nearest exit in case of fire or other emergency. Know the where about of

the nearest fire extinguisher, fire blanket, first aid, eye wash equipment, shower and telephone. In

case of fire, clear out of the laboratory first and then call and emergency number

2.1.4 SOME EQUIPMENTS USED IN THE LABORATORY

2.1.4.1 THE MICROSCOPE

This is one of the most important equipment commonly used in the laboratory. It is essential for

microbiological studies. It is an optical electric instrument used for viewing very small, objects

such as microorganisms. The essential parts of the microscope are the stand, the body and the

rain of optical lenses. Other parts include the knob parts that are used for adjusting the specimen

on the stage for focusing and viewing. The precautionary measure in handling microscope

includes turning it off after use, removing the slides after each use, cleaning the lenses and the

stage with dry cotton wool while making sure that the lenses do not come in contact with the

slides.

6
Figure 1 The Microscope

2.1.4.2 THE CENTRIFUGE

A laboratory centrifuge is a laboratory equipment driven by a motor which spins. liquid samples

at high speed. In microbiology laboratory it is used for the separation of suspended

microorganisms from fluid.

Figure 1 The Centrifuge

7
2.1.4.3 THE INCUBATOR
In the microbiology laboratory, an incubator is a device used to grow and maintain

microbiological cultures or cell culture. The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity

and other conditions. The most common used temperature both for bacteria such as Escherichia

coli as well as for mammalian cell is approximately 37°C as these organisms grows well ander

such conditions. For other biological experiments such as the budding yeasts Saccharomyces

cerevisia, a growth temperature of 30°C is optimal. It is an electrically heat device (thermostat)

used for the maintenance of desired temperature for the growth of microorganisms.

Figure 2 Incubator

8
2.1.4.5 REFRIGERATOR
This is also important laboratory equipment that is used to store and preserve used and unused

media and also reagents e.g. Kovac's reagent against ant contaminants. It stores at low

temperature.

Figure 4

Figure 3 The Refrigerator

2.1.4.6 AUTOCLAVE
This is also another important in the laboratory used for sterilization of laboratory instruments by

subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121°C (249f) for around 15-20 minutes

depending on the size of the load and the contents.

9
2.1.4.7 NEEDLE AND SYRING
Figure 4 Autoclave

It is used for the collection of blood samples

Figure 5 Needle and Syringe

2.2 THE LABORATORY SECTION AND VARIOUS TEST PERFORMED

1. Bloed pregnant test (BPT)

2. Widal (WRT)

3. Packed cell volume (PCV)

4. Urinalysis test (UT)

5. Malaria parasite (MP)

6. Blood group (BG)

10
7. Hepatitis B (HBSAG)

8. Human immune deficiency virus (HIV/XYZ)

9. Fasting blood sugar (FBS)

10. Random blood sugar (RBS)

11. Genotype (GT)

2.2.1 GENOTYPE TEST

Genotyping test is the process of determining differences in the genetic makeup of an individual

by examining the individuals' sequence. It reveals the alleles an individual has inherited from

their parents. They various genotypes known are AA, AS und SS.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

1) Electrophoresis machine

2) Electrophoresis buffer

3) Filter paper Acetate membrane

4) Forceps Sterile plastic container (plastic bottle cork)

5) Control sample (AS)

6) Patient's blood sample (anti coagulated)

PROCEDURE

The filter paper was lined with the inner chamber of the electrophoresis machine, It was filled

with electrophoresis buffer. The acetate paper was dipped in the buffer to absorb solution for five

minutes, The acetate paper was brought out and dried using thick sterile paper E.G tissue paper.

The diluted control blood sample and patients’ blood sample was in different sterile plastic corks,

A sterile dotter was dipped in a control blood sample and a dot broken line in three places left a

11
gap in each dotted dotter was rinsed and dried, it was dipped into patients sample and took

broken lines filling the gap left. The dotting was done vertically.

A forceps used to pick the dotted acetate paper and was placed in the electrophoresis machine,

The machine was covered and switched on, The result was checked after 20 mins.

RESULT

1) If the only the control blood sample separates, it is confirmed to be AA.

2) If both the control blood sample and patient sample separates, it is AS

3) If the patient's blood sample shows dual line from the control sample, it is SS.

2.2.2 BLOOD GROUPING TEST

Blood grouping is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and

on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.

There are four main blood groups namely A, B, AB and O group types. Each group can be either

RhD positive or RhD negative. Each group is determined by the genes inherited by one's parents.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

1) Blood sample

2) Tile

3) Antisera A, B, and D

4) Stirrer

5) Pipette

PROCEDURE

A drop of antisera A, B and D was placed on a clean white dry file.

12
A Pasteur pipette was used to place a drop of sample blood on each antisera

It was stirred together using a stirrer. The tiles were rocked gently for two minutes and observed

for agglutination.

RESULT

Figure 6 Showing the result of ABO Blood Grouping

2.2.3 PACKED CELL VOLUME TEST (PCV TEST)

PCV test is done to ascertain the well-being of an individual and to know the percentage of blood

in the body. It is used to calculate the mean cell volume. These red cells indices are used in the

investigation of anemia.

The principle behind PCV is that proportion of whole blood occupied by red cells exposed as a

ratio.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

1) Hematocrit capillary tube

2) Anti coagulated blood sample

13
3) Micro Hematocrit reader

4) Bunsen burner

5) Hematocrit Centrifuge

6) Cotton wool

PROCEDURE

The capillary tube was dipped into the specimen container containing the anti coagulated blood

sample in a slanted position and it was allowed to suction the blood. The cotton wool was used to

wipe off blood remains on tube, The red end of hematocrit tube was sealed with sealant, The tube

was brought out from the centrifuge and was read with a hematocrit reader to determine the

blood percentage and was made sure to know the difference

2.2.4 HAEMOGLOBIN (HB) TEST

Hemoglobin test is done to detect anemia and its severity and to monitor an anemia patient's

response to treatment. This test is also done to check a donor's hemoglobin level prior to blood

donation. With the result of the packed cell volume test hemoglobin result can be ascertained by

doing the PCV percentage by 3.

2.2.5 WIDAL TEST

Widal test is a test used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, based on agglutination of salmonella

typhi by dilution of the patient serum.

Aim: To detect the presence of antibodies salmonella organism that causes paratyphoid (typhoid

fever).

14
Principle: This is based on agglutination reaction between an antibody present in the serum,

produced specifically against salmonella antigen and the salmonella antigen suspension to form

immune complex.

Materials:

1) Chromates widal kit

2) Pasteur pipette

3) White tile with eight (8) depressions

4) Blood (serum)

5) Test tube

6) Centrifuge

PROCEDURE:

The patients’ blood was collected using syringe and tourniquet, The patient's blood sample was

then transferred into a test tube and spun for 10 minutes. using the centrifuge to obtain the serum,

A drop of the serum was applied on each of the depressions on the white tile using a pipette.

Equal amount of each of the salmonella antigen suspension (salmonella "O' and 'H' antigen

suspensions) was dropped beside the already dropped serum, it was mixed homogenously.

The white tile was rocked continuously for about 2 minutes and the mixture was observed for

agglutination.

RESULT: The result is graded according to the degree of agglutination on each fluid ranging

from 1:20<1:80<1:160<1:320. The diagnostic Titre value of enteric fever is1:80. Hence, any

Titre value equal or greater than 1:80 is diagnostic of enteric fever.

15
2.2.6 HUMAN IMMUNO DEFICIENCY VIRUS SCREENING (HIV)
This test is done to ascertain in a patient have the dreaded virus. The virus can be transmitted and

contacted easily through having unprotected sexual intercourse with an unaffected person,

sharing of sharp objects like razor, shaving stick, needle, hair clipper e.tc with an infected person,

through blood transfusion, in case the infected person's blood comes in contact with an

individual's sore open wound, the chance of an infection is very high. This virus drastically

suppresses a host's immune system cause in comes with a lot of infectious disease due to its

immune suppression reactions.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

1) Pipette

2) Syringe

3) HIV strip

4) Tourniquet

PROCEDURE

A glove was worn, blood was carefully withdrawn intravenously using a syringe and tourniquet,

Two or three drops of blood was dropped on the determine strip and result was checked after 15

minutes. The test can be run using the confirmation kit (star pack) if there is a suspected trace of

the virus by centrifuging the blood for five minutes, using the confirmation kit and a pipette drop

two to three drops of blood serum on the kit and watch for results.

RESULT

16
The patient is to rerun test after 3 or six months if there is no confirmation but there are

suspected symptoms as the virus could be at incubation stage.

2.2.7 PREGNANCY TEST

Pregnancy is the progression of stages from conception to birth. This test is done to ascertain or

confirm if a woman is pregnant. It is best advised to use blood for the test for early detection.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

1) Patients' blood sample

2) Centrifuge

3) Pregnancy test strip

4) EDTA Bottle

PROCEDURE

The blood sample was collected and put into a bottle.it was centrifuged for 5 mins, The test strip

was dipped into the blood serum been careful not to exceed the maximum line, It was dropped on

a flat surface and result was read after 15 minutes or depending on how low

Figure 7 Showing Result of Pregnancy Test

17
2.2.8 HEPATITIS B and C
This test is carried out to check for inflammation of the kidney which is usually caused by viral

infection.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

1) Pipette

2) Syringe Hepatic. B and C strip

3) Tourniquet

PROCEDURE

A glove was worn blood was carefully with drawn intravenously using syringe and tourniquet.

The blood was centrifuged for five minutes, two or three drops of blood was dropped on the hep.

B and C strip using a pipette and results was watched for.

RESULT

The strip displays 2 lines if negative and a line if positive.

Figure 8 Showing Result of Hepatitis B And C

18
2.2.9 MALARIA PARASITE (MP) TEST (KIT TEST)
This test is aim at investigating Plasmodium species responsible for malaria Plasmodium

falciperium.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

1) Blood sample

2) Malaria Parasite Test Kit

3) Lancet

4) Wet and Dry Swab

PROCEDURE

A wet swab was used in cleaning patient’s thumb, The lancet was used to puncture the thumb,

The thumb was then placed on the collection space of the kit such that blood drops into the kit. It

was left for five minutes to check for result.

RESULT

Figure 9 Showing Result Of Malaria

19
If the kit displays two lines i.e.. test and control line, it means the test is positive, but if one line

is shown i.e. the control line only, it shows that the test is negative. If the strip displays no line

that means invalid (re-run test).

2.3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

1. Both liquid and day chemical can be flammable, poisonous, carcinogenic, etc pay altention to

special instruction, to work with a substance only in a fume blood. Biology hazards include

bacteria and body fluids, such as blood handle with appropriate care, and dispose of biology

hazards as instructed.

2. Dispose of hazards materials as instructed; never put anything down the sink without

checking with an instructor.

3. Clean up spills and broken glass, don't handle broken glass with your bare hands use broom

and dustpan, and throw away all broken glass and disposable glass pipettes, cover slip, and

other sharp or easily breakable glass in a container for glass disposal only notify the

instructor immediately of all incidents.

2.4 HAZARDOUS EQUIPMENT

1. If appropriate turn off equipment that isn't being used.

2. Do not use a Bunsen burner unless instructed to do so.

3. Keep liquids and chemical, especially flammable materials well away from any heat source

or electrical equipment.

4. If any electrical equipment is malfunctioning making strange noises, sparking, smoking or

smell "funny" do not attempt to shut it off or unplug it get an instructor immediately, it is

imperator that the instructor know of any equipment problems.

20
 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 OBSERVATION, PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTED SOLUTION

I observe how patient is attended to by putting down their name and phone number. I observe

that once patient are given more care they tend to get better and corporate with scientist.

I also observe how various types of tests is carried out in the laboratory. I also observe how

patient receipt is checked to make sure that they have paid fully before the result is being given

to them.

3.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING PROGRAM

1. I was not paid or compensated

2. Finding a place for the program

3. Distance from house to place of work

4. Lack of transportation.

5. Unavailability of some basic instruments at place of work.

3.3 SUGGESTED SOLUTION

1. SIWES organization should provide a means of compensating student

2. SIWES organization should provide a place or organization for the four month program

3. Industrial organization should provide an accommodation for student

4. Organization should provide a means of transportation like a staff bus

5. Industrial organization should provide all required equipment necessary in a medical

laboratory

21
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 CONCLUSION

I appreciate the co-operation of SIWES which gave student the opportunity of exposing our

knowledge, our practical which help to enhance our mode. The Student Industrial Work

Experience Scheme was a success, and I really learnt a lot during the programme.

4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS

In the course of this report, I will like to recommend the following;

1) Adequate facilities should be improved to ensure proper training of students.

2) Industries and companies should be enlightened on the need for SIWES program for easy

absorption of students

3) Students should be paid by establishment where there undergo their industrial training.

4) The institution-based supervisors should ensure they visit their students in their place of

attachment to supervise and ensure they are learning appropriately.

On this note, 1 would say the program have helped expose me to my course of study and also to

the working environment. I advocate that the industrial training program should be encouraged.

22
 REFERENCES

Cheesbrough, M (2000) - District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries: Part 1&2 University

Press, Cambridge.

Nwoke, B.E.B and ukaga C.N. (2007): Practical Medical ParaSitOlOgy for Biological

Sciences/Medical Students

Prescott, Harley and Klien's: Microbiology 7th edition

23