2.sequence and Series Part-2
2.sequence and Series Part-2
2
Weightage & Analysis
JEE-Advance JEE-Mains
2020 2021 2022 2023 2021 2022 2023
2 2 1 37 37 45
Sequence
&
Series
Number of Shifts 26 23 24
Total Questions 37 37 45
3
Telescopic sum A.M., G.M. of ‘n’
Numbers
Special Sequences
Properties and
Type -1
Inequalities
4
A.M., G.M. of ‘n’ Numbers
σ𝒏𝒌=𝟏 𝒂𝒌
𝑨𝒏 =
𝒏
𝒂 𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝟑 . . . . . . . 𝒂𝒏
⇒ 𝑨𝒏 =
𝒏
5
A.M., G.M. of ‘n’ Numbers
(b) Geometric Mean of n numbers :
Given any 𝒏 positive real numbers 𝒂1, 𝒂2, 𝒂3, ........ 𝒂𝒏 , then its
Geometric Mean (𝑮𝒏 )is defined by
𝟏
𝒏 𝒏
𝑮𝒏 = ෑ 𝒂𝒌
𝒌=𝟏
𝟏
⇒ 𝑮𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 . 𝒂𝟐 . 𝒂 𝟑 . . . . . . . . . 𝒂𝒏 𝒏
6
Telescopic sum A.M., G.M. of ‘n’
Numbers
Special Sequences
Properties and
Type -1
Inequalities
7
H.M. of ‘n’ Numbers
Given any 𝒏 positive real numbers 𝒂1, 𝒂2, 𝒂3, ........ 𝒂𝒏 , then its harmonic mean
(𝑯𝒏 ) is defined by
𝒏
𝑯𝒏 = 𝒏
𝟏
𝒌=𝟏 𝒂𝒌
𝒏
⇒ 𝑯𝒏 =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ + . . . . .
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑 𝒂𝒏
8
Telescopic sum A.M., G.M. of ‘n’
Numbers
Special Sequences
Properties and
Type -1
Inequalities
9
Properties and Inequalities
If 𝒂 and 𝒃 are two positive numbers & 𝑨, 𝑮, 𝑯 are its A.M., G.M., H.M.
respectively, then 𝑨, 𝑮, 𝑯 are in G.P.
G.P. 𝑮2 = 𝑨𝑯
10
Properties and Inequalities
If 𝒂1, 𝒂2, 𝒂3 ......... 𝒂𝒏 are 𝒏 positive numbers are in G.P. and 𝑨𝒏 , 𝑮𝒏 , 𝑯𝒏 are
its A.M., G.M., H.M. respectively, then 𝑨𝒏 , 𝑮𝒏 , 𝑯𝒏 are in G.P.
G.P. 𝑮𝟐𝒏 = 𝑨𝒏 𝑯𝒏
11
Properties and Inequalities
𝑨𝒏 𝑮𝒏 𝑯𝒏
Note
12
Properties and Inequalities
Q. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝒂−𝟓 , 𝒂−𝟒 , 𝟑𝒂−𝟑 , 𝟏, 𝒂𝟖
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒂𝟏𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝒂 > 𝟎 𝒊𝒔 [IIT-JEE 2011]
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝟖)
Solution
13
Properties and Inequalities
Q. 𝐈𝐟 𝒂 > 𝟎, 𝒃 > 𝟎, 𝒄 > 𝟎, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ + ≥𝟗
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
14
Properties and Inequalities
Q. 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝒙, 𝐲 𝐛𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦, 𝐧 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐬.
𝒙 𝒎 𝒚𝒏
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝒊𝒔 ∶ −
(𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐𝒎 )(𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐𝒏 )
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑩)
𝟏 𝟏 𝐦+𝐧
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 (𝐃) 𝟏
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔𝐦𝐧
Solution [JEE MAIN 2019]
15
Properties and Inequalities
Q. 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐦 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟑𝒚𝟏 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟑 ,
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐲𝟏 , 𝐲𝟐 , 𝐲𝟑 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟗.
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐌 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝒙𝟑 ,
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝟖) 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟗.
16
Properties and Inequalities
Q. 𝒙 𝒙
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒂𝟏−𝒂 , 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂, 𝒙 ∈ ℝ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒂 > 𝟎,
𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 ∶
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑩) [JEE MAIN 2021]
𝟏
𝐀 𝟐𝐚 𝐁 𝟐 𝐚 𝐂 𝐚+ (𝐃) 𝐚 + 𝟏
𝐚
Solution
17
Properties and Inequalities
Q. 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝒙, 𝒚 > 𝟎. 𝐈𝐟 𝒙𝟑𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏𝟓, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 𝐢𝐬
𝐀 𝟑𝟎 𝐁 𝟑𝟐 𝐂 𝟑𝟔 (𝐃) 𝟒𝟎
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑫)
[JEE MAIN 2022]
Solution
18
Properties and Inequalities
Q. 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝 𝐛𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟏.
𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒂𝟓 𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟐 𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟎𝜷, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝜷 𝒊𝒔
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑪)
𝐀 𝟓𝟓 𝐁 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝐂 𝟗𝟎 𝐃 𝟏𝟏𝟎
[JEE MAIN 2023]
Solution
19
Telescopic sum A.M., G.M. of ‘n’
Numbers
Special Sequences
Properties and
Type -1
Inequalities
20
Special Sequences Type -1
𝑺𝒊𝒈𝒎𝒂 𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 (σ)
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
(a) 𝒂𝒓 ± 𝒃𝒓 = 𝒂𝒓 ± 𝒃𝒓
𝒓=𝟏 𝒓=𝟏 𝒓=𝟏
𝒏 𝒏
(b) 𝒌 𝒂𝒓 = 𝒌 𝒂 𝒓
𝒓=𝟏 𝒓=𝟏
21
Special Sequences Type -1
22
Special Sequences Type -1
𝒏
𝒏 𝒏 + 𝟏 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏 (𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝒏
(b) 𝒓𝟐 =
𝟔 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬)
𝒓=𝟏
23
Special Sequences Type -1
𝒏 𝒏
𝟐 (𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝒏
𝒏𝟐 𝒏 + 𝟏 𝟐
(c) 𝒓𝟑 = = 𝒓 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬)
𝟒
𝒓=𝟏 𝒓=𝟏
24
Special Sequences Type -1
25
Special Sequences Type -1
Solution
26
Special Sequences Type -1
Q. The sum of the following series
𝟗 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 +. . . . +𝟓𝟐
𝟏+𝟔+ + + +. . . .
𝟕 𝟗 𝟏𝟏
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑨)
up to 15 terms, is: [JEE MAIN 2022]
27
Special Sequences Type -1
Q. 𝟐𝟑 − 𝟏𝟑 𝟒𝟑 − 𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟑 − 𝟏𝟑 𝟔𝟑 − 𝟓𝟑 + 𝟒𝟑 − 𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟑 − 𝟏𝟑
+ + +. . . . . +
𝟏×𝟕 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟓
28
Special Sequences Type -1
Q. 𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏𝟔
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑪) 𝟏 + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝟒𝟐 + 𝟒 +. . . , 𝒊𝒔 𝒎, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝒎 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 ∶ −
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝐀 𝟗𝟗 𝐁 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝐂 𝟏𝟎𝟏 (𝐃) 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Solution [JEE MAIN 2016]
29
Special Sequences Type -1
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
Q. 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝑨 = 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝒊, 𝒋 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁 = 𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒊, 𝒋 .
𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏
Solution
30
Telescopic sum A.M., G.M. of ‘n’
Numbers
Special Sequences
Properties and
Type -1
Inequalities
31
Special Sequences Type -2 (Method of difference)
32
Special Sequences Type -2
Q. The sum of the first 20 terms of the series 5 + 11 + 19 + 29 + 41 + ... is
(A) 3450 (B) 3250 (C) 3420 (D) 3520
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑫)
[JEE MAIN 2023]
Solution
33
Special Sequences Type -2
Q. 𝑰𝒇 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟐𝟏 + 𝟑𝟒 + 𝟓𝟎 + … . . 𝐭𝐨 𝒏 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬,
𝟏
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 (𝑺 − 𝑺𝟗 ) 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨
𝟔𝟎 𝟐𝟗
𝑨 𝟐𝟐𝟔 𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝟑 𝟐𝟐𝟑 (𝟒) 𝟐𝟐𝟕
Solution
34
Special Sequences Type -2
35
Telescopic sum A.M., G.M. of ‘n’
Numbers
Special Sequences
Properties and
Type -1
Inequalities
36
Telescopic sum
Type -3 Type -4
37
Type -3
38
Type -3
𝟐𝟏
Q. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐦
𝟑
𝒊𝒔 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨
(𝟒𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝟒𝒏 + 𝟑) [JEE MAIN 2022]
𝒏=𝟏
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑩)
𝟕 𝟕 𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟏
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 (𝐃)
𝟖𝟕 𝟐𝟗 𝟖𝟕 𝟐𝟗
Solution
39
Type -3
Q. 𝟏
+
𝟏
+
𝟏
+ ⋯+
𝟏
𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨
𝟑𝟐 − 𝟏 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟏 𝟕𝟐 − 𝟏 𝟐𝟎𝟏 𝟐 − 𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟗𝟗 [JEE MAIN 2022]
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑩) 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐃
𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟒𝟎𝟖 𝟒𝟎𝟎
Solution
40
Type -3
Q. 𝐈𝐟
𝟏
+
𝟏
+
𝟏
+ ⋯+
𝟏
=
𝒌
,
𝟐×𝟑×𝟒 𝟑×𝟒×𝟓 𝟒×𝟓×𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟏
Solution
41
Type -3
𝟏𝟎
Q. 𝐈𝐟 𝟒
𝒌
=
𝒎
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝒎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨 − 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝒎 + 𝒏 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 ∶
𝒌 + 𝒌𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒏
𝒌=𝟏
Solution
42
Telescopic sum
Type -3 Type -4
43
Type -4
Telescopic Sum (𝑽𝒏 method)
Here is a series in which each term in composed of r factor in A.P., the
first factor of the several terms being in the same A.P.
44
Type -4
Q. 𝑳𝒆𝒕 < 𝒂𝒏 > 𝒃𝒆 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 +. . . +𝒂𝒏 =
𝒏𝟐 + 𝟑𝒏
.
𝒏+𝟏 𝒏+𝟐
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
𝐈𝐟 𝟐𝟖 = 𝒑𝟏 𝒑𝟐 𝒑𝟑 . . . . 𝒑𝒎 , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝒑𝟏, 𝒑𝟐, … . . 𝒑𝒎 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐦 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞
𝒂𝒌
𝒌=𝟏
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝑩)
𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐦 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 [JEE MAIN 2023]
𝑨 𝟕 𝑩 𝟔 𝑪 𝟓 (𝑫) 𝟖
Solution
45
Type -4
Q. 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟐𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑 + ⋯ … . 𝐮𝐩𝐭𝐨 𝒏 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝟗
𝐈𝐟 = , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐧 𝐢𝐬
𝟏 · 𝟑 + 𝟐 · 𝟓 + 𝟑 · 𝟕 + ⋯ … . 𝐮𝐩𝐭𝐨 𝐧 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝟓
𝐀𝐧𝐬. (𝟓) [JEE MAIN 2023]
Solution
46
47