Sadasiva Pandara Chola Vol1
Sadasiva Pandara Chola Vol1
Sadasiva Pandara Chola Vol1
‘MuhŒ¢á¥ ngu¿P®’
â.it.rjhát¥g©lhu¤jh®
MŒîfŸ - 4
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2
(». ã. 1070 - 1279)
MáÇa®
â.it.rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh®
jÄœk© mw¡f£lis
br‹id - 17.
ii â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ- 4
ü‰ F¿¥ò
Kj‰gâ¥ò : 2007
vG¤J : 12 òŸË
gofŸ : 1000
‘MuhŒ¢á¥ ngu¿P®’
â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh®
116 M« M©L
Ãidî btËpL
njh‰w« : 15.08.1892 - kiwî : 02.01.1960
iv â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ- 4
mªJiu
ã.ïuhkehj‹ f.K., r.ï.,
ïªâa tuyh‰¿nyna beL§fhy« (Vw¤jhH 1500 M©LfS¡F
nkyhf) bjhl®ªJ M£á brŒJ tªj XÇU mur gu«giuÆdUŸ nrhHU«
xUt®. áy ü‰wh©LfŸ ( ».ã.300 - ».ã. 850) nrhH® á‰wur®fshfnth, Äf¢áW
Ãy¥ gFâfis M©lt®fshfnth xL§»ÆUªjd®. mt‰iwí«
nr®¤J¤jh‹ ïªj¡ fz¡F. ï‹iwa¤ jÄHf« KGtJ« xnu M£áÆ‹
Ñœ tªj ».ã.1800¡F K‹d®, v¥bghGjhtJ ïªjÃiy ïUªjJ v‹whš
mJ ã‰fhy¢nrhH® M£á¡fhy¤âš ml§»a ».ã. 900-1200 M»a KªüW
M©LfËšjh‹ (mªj KªüW M©LfËš nru eh£L¥ gFâí« Tl¢
nrhHÇ‹ Ñœ¤jh‹ ïUªjJ). ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® ( Érahya‹ gu«giu ) M©l
».ã. 846-1279 fhy msÉ‹ c¢rf£l¤âš nrhH¥ nguur® M£á tl¡nf
J§fg¤âiu - »UZzh MWfŸ tiu elªjJ; 11M« ü‰wh©oš
ïy§ifÆš bgU«gFâí« m›th£áÆ‹ Ñœ ïUªjJ. “bkhÊbga®
nja¤â‹ tl¡nf” r§ffhy¤ jÄœ ntªj® xnuhtÊ gilbaL¤J
bt‹wjhf¡ Tw¥gL»wnjbahÊa, Ãiyahd M£á el¤âajhfnth
bjhl®ªJ ãw muRfËl« f¥g« bg‰W tªjjhfnth Tw¥glÉšiy.
jÄœ eh£o‰FŸS«, ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® M£á¡F K‹d®, gh©oa® -
nrhHÇilna ngh®fŸ elªjd; MÆD« bt‹w eh£il¤jhnk (gu«giu
muriu Ú¡»É£L) jkJ mur¥ãuâÃâ _y« M©ljhf¤ bjÇaÉšiy.
ã‰fhy¢nrhH® mfy¡fhš it¤J jÄHf¤J¡FŸS« btËÆY« Ãfœ¤âa
ngh® elto¡iffS« Xusî¡F jÄHfK« bj‹Åªâahî« 1300¡F¥ ãwF
圢áaila¡ fhuzkhfïUªjdnth v‹gJ« MŒtj‰FÇaJ.
2. ã‰fhy¢nrhH® M£á¡fhy¤ij¥ g‰¿ m¿a fšbt£L¢ rh‹WfŸ
Äf¥ gythF«. 1887 Kjš ï‹W tiu¤ bj‹dh£oš go vL¡f¥g£LŸs
fšbt£LfŸ Vw¤jhH 50000¡F« nk‰g£lit (Rkh® 2000 br¥ngLfŸ;
3000 ehza§fŸ, K¤âiufŸ c£gl) ïªj¡ fšbt£L¡fËš 26000
fšbt£L¡fŸ ï‹iwa¤ jÄHf¥ gFâÆš f©lit; Vw¤jhH mid¤J«
jÄœ¡ fšbt£L¡fŸ. ïªj 26000ïš 35 ÉG¡fhL M»a 9000
fšbt£L¡fŸ ã‰fhy¢ nrhHiu¢ (».ã.850- 1250 fhy msî) rh®ªjit
v‹gh® R¥guhaY. (jÄœ¡ fšbt£LfËš gh©oaUilait 18%. Éra
efu k‹dUilait 16%) Vuhskhd ï¡ fšbt£L¡fŸ bgUksî¡F
rKjha, tÂf, g©gh£L tuyhWfS¡F cjîtdthÆD« muáaš
tuyh‰iw m¿a cjîtd áynt. ï¡fšbt£L¢ rh‹Wfisí«, ïy¡»a¢
rh‹WfŸ, mašeh£lh® F¿¥òfŸ, mfœthŒÉ‰ f©l v¢r§fŸ
KjÈat‰iw¥ ga‹gL¤â Kj‹KjÈš Mœªj MŒî¡F¥ã‹ ÉÇthf
áw¥ghf¥ ã‰fhy¢nrhH® tuyh‰iw M§»y¤âš 850 g¡f§fËš 1935-37š
vi â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ- 4
“We are the present of man, passing judgement on his own corporate past.
What we cannot do, is to continue playing with historical research and yet shirk the
responsibility of judging the actions we narrate: saying this wise, that foolish; this
courageous, that cowardly; this well done, that ill’’
-R.G.Colingwood ( 1999 Posthumous: Ed by W.H. Dray and another) The
Principles of history and other writings in philosopy of History. Oxford; OUP
Those who disregard the past are bound to repeat it.
- George Santayana.
5. K‹g¤âƉ f©lt‰iw¡ fUJ« bghGJ rh¤âÇahU«
g©lhu¤jhU« ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® tuyh‰iw vGâa ã‹d® flªj 50 M©L
fËš ï¤JiwÆš MŒî brŒj gy m¿P®fŸ ciH¥ghš áygy Éõa§
fËš òâa fU¤njh£l§fŸ cUth»íŸsd v‹gij tuyh‰W khztU«
ïªüiy¥ gÆY« VidnahU« cz®jš nt©L«. m¥òâa fU¤njh£l§
fis¤ jU« üšfË‹ g£oaš ïiz¡f¥g£LŸsJ (trâ fUâ 1960¡F
K‹d® btËtªjhY«, v‹W« ï¤JiwÆš m¿a nt©oa üšfshf
cŸs, üšfS« m¥g£oaÈš nr®¡f¥g£LŸsd) m©ik¡fhy MŒths®
fË‹ áy òâa gh®itfS« mt‰iw nk‰bfh©lt®fS« tUkhW:
(i) g®l‹ ÞblŒ‹: Úyf©l rh¤âÇah® brh‹dgo ã‰fhy¢
nrhH® M£áKiw, igrhªâa¥ nguuR Byzantine Emire nghy r®t tšyik
bg‰w M£áa‹W. gšTWfshf mâfhu« ãsî©L ÃyÉa muR segmentary
state jh‹ mJ. bj‹ÅªâahÉš ïil¡fhymuRfŸ-ã‰fhy¢nrhH®c£gl - j«
Ñœ cŸs gFâfis¡ f©fh¤J j« f£L¡FŸ it¤âUªjitna;
m¥gFâfis neuoahf ÃUt»¤jit mšy. mit f¥g« bg‰W tªjit; tÇ
tNiy¡ bfh©L elªjit mšy;nguuáš ml§»a gšntW tif¢ r_f§
fS« bgUksî¡F Cuh®, eh£lh®, ãuknja¤jh®, nfhÆš ÃUthf¤jh®,
tÂf® mik¥òfŸ ngh‹w jŤjÅ mik¥òfshfntbrašg£ld.
“The South Indian medieval states were custodial rather than managerial,
tribute - receiving, rather than tax-based; and the society itself was organised into
relatively isolated, locally oriented networks of relations among corporate groups
and associations.
(ii) behòU fuhákh, xŒ.R¥guhaY, ã.r©Kf«
ït®fŸ MŒÉ‹ Koî ÞblŒ‹ fU¤J Mjhuk‰wJ v‹gjhF«.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH¢ nrhH® M£áÆš (F¿¥ghf nrhH® ó®åf M£á¥gFâÆY«
mijbah£oagFâfËY«)gy JiwfËY« neuoahf KGmâfhu« brY¤âa
M£áKiw (Centralized Administration) ïUªâU¡f¤jh‹ nt©L«. ã‰fhy¢
nrhH® M£á “ KG mâfhu muá‹ bjhl¡fÃiy” Early State v‹gh®. (ã‰fhy¢
nrhH®M£áKiwia¥g‰¿agšntWfU¤njh£l§fis¢ RU¡fkhf, bjËthf
ã.r©Kf«, jÄœeh£L muR tuyh‰W¡ FG1998ïš btËÆ£l üÈ‹ Kjš
bjhFâ g¡f§fŸ 405-475ïš jªJŸsh®)
mªJiu ix
(iii) ifyhrgâ, nfrt‹, v«.Í.vÞ. ehuhaz‹
ït®fŸ ã‰fhy¢ nrhH muR ÃykhÅa muR (Feudal State) v‹g®.
(iv)bf‹d¤ M® Ahš (2001)
“ m¡fhy¤ bj‹Åªâa muRfis “ÃykhÅa muR” v‹W K¤âiu
F¤JtJ; mšyJ ntWeh£L tuyhWfŸ rh®ªJ cUth»a nfh£ghLfË‹
bgaiu bj‹Åªâa muRfË‹ be‰¿Æš x£LtJ; ïu©Lnk vd¡F¢
rÇahf¤ njh‹wÉšiy. ÞblŒ‹ fU¤J¡F«, fnuhákh fU¤J¡F«
ïil¥g£l Ãiyna v‹DilaJ MF«.” I am less than comfortable in ap-
plying the “feudal” label or other externally - derived vocabulary to early South India
and find myself somewhere between Karoshima’s “Unitary State”and Steins ‘Seg-
mentary state’ in my sense of early South Indian History
6. Mf ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® tuyh‰iw m‹W rh¤âÇahU« g©lhu¤jhU«
brŒjJ nghy tuyh‰w¿P® xUtnu m©ik¡fhy MŒîfisí«
jÄHf muR tuyh‰W¡ FG 1998 üÈš cŸs16 m¿P® bt›ntW TWfŸ g‰¿
jŤjÅahf vGâa f£Liufisí« fU¤â‰bfh©L Vw¤jhH IüW
g¡f§fËš xU klykhf vGJtJ jÄGyF¡F¥ ga‹jUtjhF«..
ïiz¥ò
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® tuyhW g‰¿a m©ik¡fhy üšfŸ, f£Liufis
cŸsl¡»a ü‰g£oaš:
1. m¥gh¤Jiu fh.(1971): bj‹dh£L¥ ngh®¡fs§fŸ
2. ghyR¥ãukÂa« kh.(1979): nrhH®fË‹ muáaš tuyhW
3. Ali, Daud(2007): The Service retinues of the Chola Court: a study of the term
velam in Tamil inscriptions; BSOAS 70:3 pp 487-509
4. Champakalakshmi R.(1993) : State and Economy: South India circa AD
400-1300 pp 266-308 of Thapar:1993
5. Gough, Cathleen (1980)Modes of production in southern India
Ecnonomic and Political Weekly Annual Number
6. Govindasamy M.S(1979) Trade and State Craft in the Age of the Cholas;
New Delhi.
7. Hall, Kenneth R (2001) “Introductory essay” at 1-27;and “Merchants, rulers
and priests in an early South Indian sacred Centre: Chidambaram” at pp 85-116
of his Structure and Society in early South India. - Essays in Honour of
Noboru Karashima; OUP New Delhi.
Heitzman, James (2001) Urbanization and Political Economy in earlySouth India.
see PP 117-156 of K.R.Hall:2001. This is based on 584 inscriptions of AD 900-1300
(1997) Gifts of power-Lordship in an Early Indian State: OUP pp 277
x â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ- 4
gâ¥òiu
nfh. ïstHf‹
ÃWtd®
jÄœk© mw¡f£lis
‘MuhŒ¢á¥ ngu¿P®’
â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh®
MŒî üšfS¡F kâ¥òiu mˤJ
kz« fkH¢ brŒj jÄœ¢ rh‹nwh®fŸ
bgU«òyt®ïuh. ïs§Fkhudh®
nfh. ÉrantQnfhghš
ã. ïuhkehj‹
Kidt® m.k. r¤âa_®¤â
f.FHªijnty‹
M»a bgUk¡fŸ v« mUªjÄœ¥g¡F
M¡fK« C¡fK« jªJ bgUik¥gL¤âíŸsd®.
ït®fS¡F v« e‹¿ v‹W« cÇaJ.
xvi â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ- 4
cŸsl¡f«
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2
Kj‰gâ¥ã‹ Kfîiu ............................................................................... 3
ïu©lh« gâ¥ã‹ Kfîiu .................................................................... 5
16. Kj‰ Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ (». ã. 1070 - 1120) ................................. 7
17. É¡»uk nrhH‹ (». ã. 1118 - 1136) ................................................. 71
18. ïu©lh§ Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ (». ã. 1133 - 1150) ...................... 91
19. ïu©lh« ïuhruhr nrhH‹ ». ã. (1146-1163) ............................. 108
20. ïu©lh« ïuhrhâuhr nrhH‹ (». ã. 1163 - 1178) ....................... 126
21. _‹wh§ Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ (». ã. 1178 - 1218) ....................... 142
22. _‹wh« ïuhruhr nrhH‹ (».ã. 1216 - 1256) ................................ 182
23. _‹wh« ïuhnrªâu nrhH‹ (». ã. 1246 - 1279) .......................... 202
24. Koîiu .................................................................................................. 213
nr®¡if I .................................................................................................... 217
É¡»uk nrhH‹ ...................................................................................... 221
ïu©lh§ Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ .......................................................... 224
ïu©lh« ïuhruh nrhH‹ .................................................................... 226
ïu©lh« ïuhrhâuhr nrhH‹ ............................................................. 230
_‹wh« Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ ............................................................. 231
_‹wh« ïuhruhr nrhH‹ ..................................................................... 235
_‹wh« ïuhn#ªâu nrhH‹ ............................................................... 238
nr®¡if II .................................................................................................. 240
É¡»uk nrhH‹ ...................................................................................... 243
ïuh©lh« Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ ......................................................... 254
ïu©lh« ïuhruhrnrhH‹ ................................................................... 256
nr®¡if III ................................................................................................. 261
nr®¡if IV ................................................................................................. 263
nr®¡if V .................................................................................................. 263
ïu©lh« ïuhrhâuhr nrhHdJ âUthy§fh£L¡ fšbt£L ..... 268
_‹wh§ Fnyh¤J§f nrhHdJ âÇòtd¡ fšbt£L .................. 272
_‹wh« $ ïuhruhr nrhHdJ âUtpªâuòu¡ fšbt£L ............ 278
bghUŸ F¿¥ò mfuhâ .................................................................................. 280
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2
(». ã. 1070 - 1279)
22 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 3
3
Kj‰gâ¥ã‹ Kfîiu
ã‰fhy¢nrhH® rǤâu¤â‹ ïu©lh« gFâah»a
ïªüš, ».ã. 1070 Kjš ».ã. 1279 tiuÆš nrhH
ïuh¢áa¤âš r¡fut®¤âfshf 剿UªJ murh©l
nrhH®fË‹ tuyh‰iw¡ TWtjhF«. Kj‰ Fnyh¤J§f
nrhH‹ Kjyhf _‹wh« ïuhnrªâunrhH‹ ïWâahf
cŸs nrhH k‹d® v©k® tuyhWfis ïªüÈš
fhzyh«.
ï›ntªj®fSila bkŒ¡Ñ®¤âfS«, ït®fis¥
g‰¿a giHa ghlšfS«, ï‹ndhÇ‹ kuò És¡fK«,
».ã.10, 11-M« ü‰wh©LfËš nrhH®f£F« ÑiH¢
rS¡»a®f£F« V‰g£oUªj kz¤bjhl®ò És¡fK«
ïªüÈ‹ ïWâÆš nr®¡iffshf btËÆl¥g£oU¡
»‹wd.
ïªüiy vGâ Ko¤j‰F ah‹ Mjhukhf¡
bfh©litahit v‹gijí«, ãwbrŒâfisí«
Kj‰gFâÆ‹ KfîiuÆš m¿É¤JŸns‹. ãw tuyh‰wh
uhŒ¢áahs®¡F«, vd¡F« fU¤J ntWghLfŸ ÃfG«
ïl§fËš j¡f rh‹WfSl‹ MuhŒªJ v‹ Koîfis
ÃWÉíŸns‹. rǤâu üšfËš áy ïl§fËš fU¤J
ntWghLfŸ c©lhjY«, vâ®fhy¤âš »il¡F«
Mjhu§fshš áy brŒâfŸ khWgLjY«, fhy¡ F¿¥òfŸ
ntWgLjY« ïašghFbk‹gJ m¿P®fŸ e‹Fz®ªjnjah«.
ï¤jifa MuhŒ¢á üšfŸ e« jÄœbkhÊÆš btË
tUtj‰F nt©LªJiz òǪJtU« gšfiy¡fHf¤
Jizntªj® âUths® lh¡l® S.G. kzths uhkhE#«,
M.A., Ph.d. mt®f£F«, jÄœ¥ nguháÇa® âUths®
lh¡l® A. áj«guehj¢ br£oah®, M.A., Ph.D, mt®f£F«,
4 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
1. (a) A Mon Inscription from Prome of the reign of Kyanzittha (1084 - 1112
A.D.) Conversion of a Cholo Prince, (Foreign Notices of South India, p.
133)
(b) Epigraphia Birmanica, Vol. I, pp. 164 and 165.
2. Ins 408 of 1912.
3. Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ cyh, tÇfŸ 51, 52.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 45
1. Annual Report onn South Indian Epigraphy for the year ending 31st March
1932, part II, para 14.
2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, No. 23.
3. f.guÂ, 11 - jh. 132.
58 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
e« fhtyid¢ N£oa njh‹wš1 vdî« òfœªJŸsd®.
ïtdJ muáaš bjh©il¥ ghuh£o ‘ntŸ’, ‘bjh©il
kh‹’ v‹D« g£l§fŸ Fnyh¤J§f nrhHdhš
ïtD¡F tH§f¥ bg‰wik m¿a¤j¡f bjh‹wh«. ït‹
É¡»uk nrhH‹ M£áÆ‹ K‰gFâÆY« ïUªJŸsd‹
v‹gJ É¡»uk nrhHDyhÉdhš m¿a¡»l¡»‹wJ. 2
ïtid, ‘t©ilk‹’3 vdî«, ‘t©ilefuur‹’4 vdî«,
‘t©ila®¡fuR’ 5 vdî«, ‘t©ila®nfh‹’ 6 vdî«
MáÇa® ra§bfh©lh® fȧf¤J¥guÂÆš T¿íŸsikahš
ïtdJ C® t©il ef® v‹gJ e‹F bjËa¥gL«. t©il
v‹D« bgaUila C® ï¡fhy¤âš e« jÄœeh£oš
ah©L§ fhz¥glÉšiy. vdnt, mJ ntbwhU
bgaÇ‹ k%cthf ïU¤jš nt©L bk‹gJ xUjiy.
ïªÃiyÆš fhŠá khefÇYŸs fšbt£blh‹W, 7
m›ñ®, nrhH k©ly¤âš Fnyh¤J§f nrhH
tseh£il¢ rh®ªj âUeiwô® eh£oYŸs t©lhHŠ
nrÇnaah« v‹W cz®¤J»‹wJ. Mfnt, t©lhHŠ
nrÇia¤jh‹ fȧf¤J¥ gu MáÇa® t©il v‹W
T¿íŸsd® v‹gJ bjŸËJ. m~J ïªehËš t©LthŠ
nrÇ v‹D« bganuhL jŠrhñ® ÍšyhÉš F«gnfhz«
jhYfhÉYŸs eh¢áah® nfhÉÈÈUªJ FlthrY¡F¢
bršY« bgUtÊÆYŸsJ. t©lhHŠnrÇ v‹gJ
1. nk‰go 13 - jh. 33.
2. É¡»uk nrhH Dyh, tÇfŸ 136 - 138.
3. f.guÂ, 11 - jh. 16.
4. nk‰go 11 - jh. 30.
5. nk‰go 11 - jh. 53.
6. nk‰go 11 - jh. 160.
7. ‘ÞtÞâ $ nfh ïuhrnfrÇ t‹kuhd âÇòtd r¡fut®¤âfŸ $ Fnyh¤J§f
nrhH njt®¡F ah©L eh‰g¤J _‹W - #a§bfh©l nrhHk©ly¤J
vƉnfh£l¤J vÆš eh£L¤ âUt¤âôuhœth®¡F¢ nrhHk©ly¤J¡
Fnyh¤J§f nrhH tseh£L¤ âUeiwô® eh£L t©lhHŠnrÇ íilah‹
ntshd fUzhfudhd bjh©ilkhdh® njÉah® mH»a kzthsÂ
k©ilahœth® it¤j âUEªjh És¡F’ (S.I.I., Vol. IV, No. 862) ï¡ fšbt£oš
fUzhfuD¡F ntŸ, bjh©ilkh‹ v‹D« g£l§fŸ F¿¡f¥g£oU¥gJ« mt‹
kidÉÆ‹ bga® tiua¥ g£oU¥gJ« fh©f.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 59
fÉ¢r¡fut®¤â x£l¡T¤j®,
F«gnfhz« bgÇakl«
80 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
É¡»ukdJ áw¥ò¥ bga®fŸ
ï›ntªj‰F m¡fhy¤âš tH§»a áw¥ò¥ bga®fSŸ
bgU«ghyd1 ït‹ K‹ndh®¡F tH§»adntah«.
vÅD«, ïtD¡nf cÇadthŒ tH§»a ïu©L áw¥ò¥
bga®fŸ fšbt£L¡fËY« É¡»uk nrhHDyhÉY«
fhz¥gL»‹wd. mit, âahfrK¤âu«, mfs§f‹
v‹gdth«.2 ï«k‹d‹ j‹ M£áÆ‹ VHh« M©oš
âUÉil kUö®¡F¢ br‹¿Uªj nghJ, mªefiu¢ rh®ªj
t©z¡Fo v‹w CÇid¤ âahfrK¤âu rJ®ntâ
k§fy« v‹W bga® kh‰¿¤ âUÉilkUö®¡ nfhÆY¡F
ïiwÆÈ njtjhdkhf mˤjd‹ v‹W m›ñ®¡ fšbt£
blh‹W 3 TW»‹wJ. âU¡nfhofh áthya¤âYŸs
r©nlRtu ehadhuJ nfhÆš mªehËš âahfrK¤âu«
v‹D« bgaUilajhÆUªjJ v‹W bjÇ»wJ.4 mfs§f‹
vdî«, mfs§fòu« vdî« áy C®fŸ ït‹ bgauhš
tH§f¥bg‰W tUjš m¿a¤j¡fJ.
É¡»uk nrhHDila kidÉaU« k¡fS«
ï›tur®¡F _‹W kidÉa® ïUªjd® v‹gJ
fšbt£L¡fshš òy¥gL»‹wJ. 5 m‹ndh®, K¡nfh¡
»HhdofŸ, âahfgjhif, neÇa‹ khnjÉ6 v‹ngh®.
1. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, No. 21A.
2. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, No. 21B; Ibid, Vol. IV, pp. 228 and 241.
(b) Vid¡ fȧf§fŸ VÊidí« nghŒ¡bfh©l
jhid¤ âahf rK¤âunk -(É¡»uk nrhH Dyh, tÇfŸ 661 - 662)
v§nfh dfs§f‹ VGyF§ fh¡»‹w
br§nfhš bfhL§nfhš áy®¡bf‹whŸ - (nk‰go tÇfŸ 567 - 568)
mfs§f‹ v‹DŠ áw¥ò¥ bga® ra§bfh©lhuJ fȧf¤J¥ guÂÆš
fhz¥goD«, mJ Fnyh¤J§fD¡F tH§»aj‹W. mJ É¡»uk nrhHD¡nf
tH§»a áw¥ò¥ bgabu‹gJ fšbt£L¡fshš e‹F btËah»‹wJ. fšbt£L¡
fËš Fnyh¤J§fD¡F m¥bga® fhz¥glÉšiy. x£l¡T¤j®, j‹ É¡»uk
nrhHDyhÉš VÊl§fËš É¡»ukid mfs§f‹ v‹W T¿ÆU¥gJ« m¥bga®
ïtD¡nf áw¥ghf tH§»aJ v‹gij tÈíW¤JtjhF«.
3. Ins. No. 272 and 273 of 1907.
4. Ins. 49 of 1931.
5. S.I.I., Vol. V. No. 456.
6. Ibid No. 700.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 81
1. S.I.I., Vol. VII No. 915; Ins. 371 of 1908; Ins. 177 of 1906; Ins. 373 of 1908.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 87
M£áÆ‹ áw¥ò
ï›ntªj‹ MSifÆš nrhHehL nghÇ‹¿ Äf¢
ÓÇa ÃiyÆš ïUªjJ. mjdhš eh£oYŸs k¡fŸ
všnyhU« v¤jifa ï‹dšfSÄ‹¿ ïÅJ thœªJ
bfh©oUªjd®. ït‹ jªij É¡»uk nrhHdJ M£áÆ‹
ïWâÆš nrhH ïuh¢áa« v¤Jiz¥ gu¥òilajhf
ïUªjnjh m¤Jiz¥ gu¥òilajhfnt ït‹
M£áÆY« Ãiybg‰¿UªjJ vdyh«. Mªâu nja¤âš
ït‹ fšbt£L¡fŸ ÄFâahf¡ fhz¥gLtjhš nkiy¢
rS¡»aÇlÄUªJ É¡»uk nrhH‹ if¥g‰¿a nt§»
ehL ït‹ MSifÆ‹ ÑG« mikâahfnt ïUªJ
tªjJ v‹gJ xUjiy. vdnt, j‹ M£á¡F£g£oUªj
ehbl§F« mikâ Ãyt¢ br§nfhš brY¤âa
bgUntªj‹ ït‹ v‹gJ e‹F JÂa¥gL«.
Fnyh¤J§fdJ gšfiy¥ òyik
ït‹ j‹ gh£ldh»a Kj‰ Fnyh¤J§f nrhHid¥
nghš gšfiyfËY« nj®¢á bg‰wt‹ v‹W bjÇ»wJ.
ït‹ áw¥ghf¤ jÄœ¥òyik Ä¡ft‹; gštif¢
brŒí£fS« ïa‰W« M‰wš thŒªjt‹; ï¤jifa
òyikí« M‰wY« j‹ jªijÆ‹ mit¡fs¥ òytuhf
ïUªjtU« fÉ¢ r¡fut®¤âíkh»a x£l¡T¤j®ghš
jÄœ ïy¡fz ïy¡»a§fis všyh« e‹F gÆ‹W
ït‹ bg‰wdntah«. ït‹ j‹ MáÇauh»a x£l¡
T¤jÇl¤âš it¤âUªj m‹ò« kâ¥ò« msÉ£Liu¡Fª
ju¤jd mšy. ïtid¤ ‘Juf ɤâah Énehj‹’ vdî«,
‘Énehj‹’ vdî« ‘äâa Ñj¥ãunkhf‹’1 vdî«, ‘Phd
bf«Õu‹’2 vdî« MáÇa® x£l¡T¤j® T¿ÆU¤jyhš
ït‹ mRtrh¤âu«, jD® rh¤âu«, ïir üš Kjyhd
fiyfËY« tšytdh ÆUªjd‹ v‹gJ e‹F btËah
»‹wJ. btËeh£nlhL nghÇ‹ikí« cŸeh£oš
1. Ins. 93 of 1922.
2. S.I.I., Vol. VII, No. 534.
3. Ins. 572 of 1907.
4. S.I.I., Vol. VI, No. 170.
5. Ins. 123 of 1922.
6. S.I.I., Vol. VI, No.630.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 107
1 2
k©lnyRtu‹ åk ehaf‹, g©luhr‹, fªjutho
åkuhr‹3 v‹ngh®. ït®fŸ, bjY§f eh£oš nt§» ehL
Kjyhd bt›ntW gFâfËÈUªJ murh©lt® Mt®.
ït®fŸ, j« ehLfËš jh« òǪj mw¢ brašfis
tiuªJŸs fšbt£L¡fËš e« Fnyh¤J§f nrhHdJ
M£áah©L F¿¤âU¥gjhš ït®fŸ všnyhU«
ïtD¡F¡ Ñœ¥g£oUªj FWÃy k‹dbu‹gJ
bjŸËJ.
jŠir ïuhruhnfr¢Ru«
116 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
f©Â¡F« x›nthuhÆu« bgh‹ gÇáyhf tH§»
mªüiy V‰W¡bfh©lh‹. 1 ï›tUŠ braš, ït‹,
mªüÈl¤J« mj‹ MáÇaÇl¤J« v¤Jiz kâ¥ò«
m‹ò« it¤âUªjd‹ v‹gij e‹F òy¥gL¤JtjhF«.
j¡fahf¥ guÂí« ït‹ M£á¡fhy¤âš T¤juhš
ghl¥ bg‰WŸsJ v‹gJ mªüÈ‹ ïWâÆYŸs thœ¤J
v‹w gFâahY« ïilÆYŸs áy ghlšfshY«2 m¿a¡
»l¡»‹wJ. m‹¿í«, mªüš ïuhruhr‹ jiyefuh»a
ïuhruhròu¤âš ïa‰¿ mu§nf‰w¥ bg‰¿U¤jš
nt©L« v‹gJ mâYŸs filâw¥ò¥ ghlšfshš 3
btËah»‹wJ.
ï›ntªj‹ fhy¤âš fhÉÇ¡fiuÆÈUªj ïuhnrªâu
nrhH rJ®ntâ k§fy« v‹D« CÇš nfrtRthÄ v‹w
tlbkhÊ¥ òyt® xUt® ïUªjd®. mt® ïuhruhrDila
muáaš mâfhÇfSŸ xUtU« Mt®. ït‹ mtiuna j‹
tlbkhÊ MáÇauhf¡ bfh©L m«bkhÊia¡ f‰W
mâš òyik vŒâÆU¤jš nt©L« v‹W bjÇ»wJ.
mt®ghš beU§»¥ gH» tlbkhÊ gÆ‹W tU« eh£fËš,
ï«k‹d‹ mtUila áwªj òyikiaí« M‰wiyí«
e‹Fz®thdhÆd‹; vdnt tlbkhÊia¡ f‰ngh®¡F¥
ga‹gLkhW m«bkhÊÆš X® mfuhâ vGâíjîkhW
ït‹ mtiu¡ nf£L¡ bfh©lnjhL m›tfuhâ
v«KiwÆš mikant©L« v‹gijí« m¿É¤jd‹.
ït‹ ÉU«ãathW mt® vGâa tlbkhÊ mfuhâ,
‘ehdh®¤jh®zt r«nBg«’ v‹gJ. 4 Mfnt ït‹
tlbkhÊ ts®¢áÆY« <Lg£oUªjik F¿¥ãl¤
1. . ........ . ........ bjŸË¤j«
K‹dh afÇyt‹ _Jyh¡ f©ÂnjhW«
bgh‹dh ÆuŠbrhǪj ógâí«
v‹D« r§fu nrhHDyh tofshš ï¢brŒâia m¿ayh«. m‹¿í«, jÄœÉL
öâY« ïªÃfœ¢á F¿¡f¥g£LŸsJ.
2. j¡. guÂ, jhÊirfŸ 549, 772, 774, 775, 776, 777.
3. j¡. guÂ, jhÊirfŸ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.
4. Journal of Oriental Research, Vol. XI, p. 2.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 117
1. Ins. 43 of 1916.
2. S.I.I., Vol. VIII, No. 218.
3. Ins. 105 of 1922.
4. S.I.I., Vol. IV. No. 861.
142
142 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
1. bgÇaòuhz«, ghÆ. 8.
2. Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ ãŸis¤jÄœ, gh. 2.
3. nk‰go gh. 103.
É¡»uk nrhH Dyh, f©Â, 14.
Fnyh¤J§f nrhH Dyh, f©Â, 20.
ïuhruhr nrhH Dyh, f©Â. 18.
4. Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ ãŸis¤jÄœ, gh, 14.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 167
1. Ibid, Vol. VIII, No. 350. ït‹ Fnyh¤J§f‹ M£áÆ‹ ã‰gFâÆš Ku©
g£LÉ£lik xU fšbt£lhš e‹F òydh»‹wJ. (S.I.I., Vol. VIII, No. 106)
2. Ins. 393 of 1907; Ins 309 of 1913.
3. Ins. 275 of 1909; S.I.I., Vol. V. No. 966; Ins. 2 of 1911.
4. S.I.I., Vol. VIII, No. 298. Ibid, No. 288.
180 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
uhrdh»a Ãõj uhrD«,1 mªeh£L CUil¥ bgUkhshd
vâÇÈ nrhH¡ fl«guhaD«,2 e« Fnyh¤J§fdJ M£á¡
fhy¤âš És§»a muáaš jiyt®fŸ v‹gJ ï‹ndh®
fšbt£L¡fshš e‹F m¿a¡»l¡»‹wJ.
e« Fnyh¤J§fdJ MSifÆ‹ bjhl¡f¤âš
fl¥ig, bešÿ®, á¤ö® Íšyh¡fËš M£á òǪJ
bfh©oUªj áy bjY§f¢ nrhH®fŸ ï›ntªj‰F¤ âiw
brY¤jhkš Ku©g£oUªjd® v‹gJ« ãwF ït‹
mt®fis¥ nghÇš bt‹W K‹nghš jd¡F¡ f¥gŠ
brY¤J« á‰wur®fshf¢ brŒJÉ£lh‹ v‹gJ« K‹d®
És¡f¥g£LŸsd. bgh¤j¥ã, bešÿ® M»a C®fËÈUªJ
murh©L bfh©oUªj m¡ FWÃy k‹d®fŸ ïtdJ
MiztÊ xG» c‰WÊíjÉ tªjikí« m¿a‰ghy
jh«. m¤bjY§f¢ nrhHUŸ, kJuhªjf bgh¤j¥ã¢
nrhH‹, mt‹ òjšt‹ ešy á¤jur‹, nrhl‹ âU¡fhs¤â
njt‹ v‹ngh® <©L F¿¥ãl¤ j¡ftuht®. bešÿ® 3
fl¥ig4 Íšyh¡fËš fhz¥gL« áy fšbt£L¡fshš
ït®fŸ e« Fnyh¤J§fD¡F¡ Ñœ¥g£oUªj á‰wur®fŸ
v‹gJ e‹F òydh»‹wJ.
nrhH ïuh¢áa¤âÈUªj FWÃy k‹d®fS« jiyt®
fS« j« r¡fut®¤âÆ‹ murh§f« ïÅJ eilbgWkhW
jh« elªJ bfh©liknahL ngh® Ãfœ¢áfËš gil¤
jiyik t»¤J cjÉ òǪJ« tªjd®. ïuh¢áa¤â‹
ey§fUâ ït®fŸ j§fS¡FŸ cl‹ go¡if brŒJ
bfhŸtJ« c©L. m¤jifa cl‹ go¡iffŸ áy nfhÆš
fËš tiua¥ bg‰¿U¤jiy5 ïª ehËY« gh®¡fyh«.
1. Ins. 311 of 1928; Inscriptions of the Pudukkottai State. Nos. 174, 168 and
161.
2. Inscriptions of the Pudukkottai State. No. 169.
3. Nellure Inscriptions, N. 67; G. 86; R. 8 and 66.
4. Ins. 582 of 1907; Ins. 435 of 1911; Ins. 601 of 1907.
5. Ins. 254 of 1919; Ins. 440 of 1913; Ins. 223 of 1904; Ins. 483 of 1908; S.I.I.,
Vol. VII, No. 127; Ibid. Vol. VIII, No. 106; Ins. 435 of 1913.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 181
1. Ins. 297 of 1927; Annual Report on South Indian Epigraphy for 1927, part
II, para 30.
198 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
És¡f¥g£LŸsJ. fhŠákh efÇYŸs mUshs¥
bgUkhS¡F åu euá«k‹ gil¤ jiyt® fSŸ m«k©z
j©lehaf‹ v‹gh‹ ». ã. 1230-š âUÉs¡»‰F ÃtªjK«1
bfh¥iga j©lehaf‹ v‹gh‹ ». ã. 1231-š
âiuahy« v‹w CU« 2tH§»a brŒâfŸ m§FŸs
fšbt£L¡fËš fhz¥gL»‹wd. m§‡dnk åueu
á«k‹ òjštdhd åunrhnkRu‹ gil¤jiyt®fSŸ
ïUt®, ». ã. 1236, 1238-M« M©LfËš fhŠá
mUshs¥ bgUkhS¡F Ãtªj« mˤJŸsik áy
fšbt£L¡fshš 3 m¿a¥gL»‹wJ. ». ã. 1240-š
bfh¥iga j©l ehaf‹ cl‹ ãwªnjhdhd kšya
j©l ehaf‹ v‹gt‹ m¥bgUkhS¡F¤ âUÉs¡»‰F
Ãtªj« mˤj brŒâia m¡nfhƉ fšbt£blh‹W4
TW»‹wJ. ït‰iwbašyh« T®ªJ neh¡F§fhš,
ïuhruhr‹ M£á¡ fhy¤âš nghrs¤ j©lehaf®fË‹
jiyikÆš bgÇa Ãiy¥gil bah‹W fhŠákhefÇš
nghrs k‹d®fshš it¡f¥ bg‰¿U¤jš nt©L
bk‹gJ e‹F òydhjš fh©f. ïtdJ M£áÆ‹
ã‰gFâÆš nrhH ïuh¢áa¤âÈUªj á‰wur®fshd
nfh¥bgUŠá§f‹, thznfhtiua‹, nrâuha‹,
r«òtuha‹ v‹ngh® ï› ntªjD¡F ml§fhkš Ku©
g£L¥ nghÆdikahš, ïtid¥ ghJfh¤j‰F tªj
nghrs k‹d®fŸ ï¤jifa Ãiy¥ gilbah‹iw¤ j«
gil¤ jiyt®fË‹ Ñœ m¥bgU efÇš mik¥gJ
ï‹¿aikahjjhƉW vdyh«. nghrs®fË‹ fšbt£L¡fŸ5
âUkHgho, âUnfhf®z« Kjyhd C®fËš fhz¥gL
tjhš m‹ndh® nrhH eh£oš Ä¡f Mâ¡f« vŒâ
tªjd® v‹W bjÇ»wJ.
1. Ins. 408 of 1919.
2. Ins. 404 of 1919.
3. Ins. 366 of 1919; Ins. 369 of 1919.
4. Ins. 611 of 1919.
5. Ins. 39 of 1920; Inscriptions of the Pudukkottai State, No. 183.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 199
24. Koîiu
ïJfhW« vGâíŸs gy mâfhu§fshš ». ã.
X‹gjh« ü‰wh©o‹ ïil¥gFâÆÈUªJ gâ‹ _‹wh«
ü‰wh©o‹ fil¥gFâ tiuÆš r‰nww¡ Fiwa eh}‰W
K¥gJ M©Lf£Fnkš nrhH ïuh¢áa¤âš r¡fut®¤â
fshf 剿UªJ murh©l nrhH k‹d®fË‹ tuyh‰iwí«
m¡fhy¥ gFâÆš e« jÄHf¤âš ÃfœªJŸs gy mÇa rÇj
Ãfœ¢áfisí« e‹Fzuyh«. m¥ bgUntªjUŸ
ïWâÆÈUªjt‹ _‹wh« ïuhnrªâu‹ nrhH‹ v‹gJ«
mtD¡F¥ òjšt‹ ï‹ikahš mt‹ M£á¡F¥ ãwF
nrhH ehL gh©oa® M£á¡FŸsh»É£lJ v‹gJ«
K‹d® És¡f¥bg‰WŸsd. MuhŒ¢áahsUŸ áy®,
ïuhnrªâu nrhHD¡F¢ nrk¥ ãŸis1 v‹w xU òjšt‹
ïUªjd‹ v‹W vGâíŸsd®. nrhH k‹d®fŸ jk¡F¡
Ñœ¥ g£l FW»a k‹diu ‘e« kf‹’2 vd¡ TW« tH¡f«
K‰fhy¤âš ïUªjJ v‹gJ m‹ndh® fšbt£L¡fshš
m¿a¡ »l¡»‹wJ. m«KiwÆš Tw¥bg‰WŸs
m¤jiytid ïuhnrªâu nrhHDila òjšt‹ v‹W
fUJtJ v›th‰whD« V‰òil¤j‹W.
ïÅ, ikN® eh£oYŸs g§fq® ÍšyhÉš
åuirt åu¥ ãujhg nrhH kfhuhr‹ v‹gt‹ xUt‹
». ã. 1301-š murh©Lbfh©oUªjh‹ v‹gJ m§FŸs
fšbt£blh‹whš3m¿a¥gL»‹wJ. fhŠá mUshs¥
bgUkhS¡F åunrhH‹ kf‹ åur«g‹ v‹gh‹ ».ã.
1314-š xU nj® mˤjd‹ v‹W m¥bgUkhŸ nfhÆÈYŸs
1. Ins. 515 of 1922; MER. 1923 part II, para 45.
2. Ins. 604 of 1920; Annual Report on South Indian Epigraphy for 1921, part
II, para 34.
3. Ep. Car., Vol. IX, Bn. 96.
214 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
1
fšbt£blh‹W cz®¤J»‹wJ. ».ã.1482-š âUthid¡
fhÉYŸs nfhÆY¡F xUntÈ Ãy« Ãtªjkhf
mˤJŸs thyf fhkadhd m¡fyuhr‹ v‹gt‹,
j‹id ‘ciwô® òu tuhÔRtu‹’ vdî« ‘nrhH ehuhaz‹’
vdî« T¿¡bfhŸtij m§FŸs mt‹ fšbt£lhš2
m¿ayh«. ».ã. 1530-š âUtu§f¤âš ciwô® tšÈ
eh¢áahiu vGªjUSɤJ ehŸ tÊgh£o‰F Ãtªj
khf¥ bghUŸ tH§»íŸs ghyanjt kfhuhr‹ v‹gh‹
j‹id¢ nrhH ghy k»gâ v‹W j‹ fšbt£oš 3
F¿¤JŸsd‹. F«gnfhz¤âYŸs Mya¤â‰F taÿ®
VHh§f£lis M»a ïu©L C®fisí« mˤj kfh
k©lnyRtu‹ cU¤âunjt nrhH kfhuhr‹ v‹gt‹
xUt‹ ».ã.1554-š ïUªjd‹ v‹gJ m¡nfhÆÈYŸs
xU fšbt£lhš 4 òy¥gL»‹wJ. <©L¡ F¿¥ãl¥
bg‰w jiyt®fSŸ åunrhH‹ kf‹ åur«g‹, nrhH®
kuãd‹ mšy‹; r«òtuha‹ kuãd‹ Mt‹5. k‰iw
nah® všyh« Éraefu ntªj®fË‹ ãuâÃâfshf¢6 nrhH
eh£oY« ãw ïl§fËY« ».ã. gâdh‹F gâidªJ
gâdhwh« ü‰wh©LfËš M©Lbfh©oUªj bjY§f¢
nrhH® Mt®. mt®fSila g£l§fbsšyh« m‹ndh®
bjY§f¢ nrhH® v‹gij¤ bjËthf cz®¤J»‹wd.
vdnt; mt®fSŸ vtU« e« _‹wh« ïuhnrªâu nrhH‹
tʤ njh‹wšfŸ mšy® v‹gJ e‹F JÂa¥gL«.
e« jÄHf¤â‹ ÑœgFâ nrhH k©ly« v‹D«
bgaUl‹ j« bgauhš v¡fhy¤J« ËW ÃyîkhW
nr®¡if 1
nrhH k‹d®fË‹ bkŒ¡Ñ®¤âfŸ
Kj‰ Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹
É¡»uk nrhH‹
I
1. muÂa
224
224 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
ikíiladbeLtiunakUSiladïdkh‹fns
fa‰FynkãwœªbjhGF«1if¤jhanufoªbjhW¥gh®
ïa‰òytnubghUŸnt£gh®ïir¥ghznuTlŠbrŒth®
ït‹fh¡FªâUeh£oš2 ïašÉJbtdËWfhtš
be¿ó©Lk(Dbe)¿ašyJÃidahJ
jªijÆnyh®¡F¤ jªijah»íªjhÆnyh®¡F¤ jhah»í
ikªjÇnyh®¡Fikªjuh»ík‹ DÆ®f£FÆuh»í«
ÉÊbg‰wgabd‹dmika¥ bg‰wtUbsdî«
bkhÊbghU(sh-Ät)bddî«Kf«bg‰wgDtbydî«
v¤Jiw¡F«ïiwtbddî«tuŠbrí«bgUªjtbkdî«
K¤jÄœ¡F«jiytbddî«_‹Wy»‹Kjštbddî«
muáa‰ifKiwÃW¤âašyitfoªjhWŒ¤J¥
bghUfÈÆÅUsf‰¿¥òfbH‹DÃyh¥gu¥ã¡
f‹dlU§fhȧfUªbj‹dtUŠá§fsU§
iffaU§bfh§fzU§TgfU§fháaU§
fh«nghrU§nfhryU§bfhªjsU«f¥gsU«3
g¥gsU«ghŠrhyU« bg¥gsU«óYtU«
k¤âuUkhuh£lU«t¤jtU khfjU§
bfho El§Ffdfnfhòu¡bfh‰wthrÈš tªÔ©o
4
bfh£ghtau¥ghtÈbuhuhtf‰¿¡?
fUkhK»šâUÃw¤J¡fdfsg5 uh#uh#‹
âUkh®ãYªâU¤njhËYªâUkdâY« ãÇahJ
g‰wh® FHÈa®¡bfhUNshkÂu¤ebk‹d6
áªjhkÂkAhu¤d«âyjnrhH7Fyu¤d«
8
ókfS«#akfS« òfœkfS«òÉkfS
ehkfSªjŤnjÉ eu J§f‰»tbs‹d
ghuur®bgUikíl.....................bl‹wu‰w¥
1. ãwHªbjhG¡F«
2. ‘ âUeh£o‹ ïašãaJ’ v‹W thá¡f
3. áyt‰¿šiy
4. ï›to És§fÉšiy
5. f‰fŸt‹
6. ‘v‹d ’ áyt‰¿Èšiy
7. nrhs
8. ókfËY«, v‹W áyt‰¿š fhz¥gL»wJ.
228 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
nguuR jÅelh¤â¥bg©zurhŒKoNo
cldhizíKlÅU¡ifíKlduR« cl‹áw¥ò§
fldhfntgil¤ jUË mw«òu¡F§fUiztšÈ
jtdtašgR«òuÉflî£nl®flhttUª
jtdFy¤JyfªbjhHtªjUËarª¤uîja(«)1
PhdKj‰Fyeh‹FešbyhG¡fK«bgU§f‰ò«
ngQkÆšuh#uh#‹ãÇahntis¡fhÇ2
mfyh jkhjhbt‹whuz§fbshUeh‹F«
òfytUªjÅeha» òtdKGJilahS«,
m¡»uk¤bjhÊyhš mUŸkiHbghÊ»s® bt©Fil¢
r¡fut®¤â3 rdeh j‹ juÂghy‹ jÅeha»
Muy§fky®¢nrhiyÆ YyhËj‹fhj‰
nguUsh bkhUgh‰flšÉisahLbgila‹d«
Ó®gil¤jáiy EjškÆšónyhfRªjÇah«
ng®gil¤jeh‹Kf¤njh‹bgU«gil¥igts®¡F«giz
itank¤JŠrkª jfkÂkh jt‹òidfî¤JtkÂ
ijayh®¡ bfhUNshkÂrJ®ntj áªjhkÂ
ò©ÂabkhUtoî bfh©LòfbH‹D96
kÂòidªJ
bg©Âašò jdjhf¥ ãwªjbjd¢áwªjngij
k‹d® jªnjÉa®Ã‹tÊaonahkonahbkd
K‹Å‹W bjhGnj¤jKj‹ik bg‰w_yeha»
ïd«bghÊí§fÉuh#‹ahidnahLÔ jhl¤
jd«bghÊí«uh#uh#‹ jhŒntid jǤjbgh‰bfho?
ïirKGJ§FilKGJ§FzKGJ« <©L‰W
âirKG Jk©KGJªâUKGJKilahbshU
KªijKGJyFŒaKoNL« uh#g©oj‹
j‹(kd)KG xUÓ®¤JilanjÉ juÂKG JilahS«,
gh®thHî«k©thHî«gDtšthHî«(kDthHî«)
Ó®thHî«kyhlFy¤ jtjǤJ¤ âirÉs¡F
nk‹ikíl‹bgU§Ñ®¤â k©Äirts®¡F§FÆš
1. rªju cja«
2. fh¿ v‹W fhz¥gL»wJ.
3. Fil[¡fut®¤â
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 229
cyFilK¡nfh¡»Hhdofbs‹Dky»šfwãyuɪjkilíª
âUªâaj‹bgU§Fz¤â‰áwªnjh§»awªjiH¡F«
mUªjâahbk‹dtU«bgUikí«mtÅKGJilahS«,
k‹ÅabgU«òfœgil¤jbj‹dt‹»HhdofS«
CÊôÊgyf‰g«thÊkz«òz®ªâU¥g
cja»Ç c¢ána¿k âbt©FilòJÃH‰Ñœ¢
rªâuKfk©ly¤J¤jhkiu¡FŸbr«gtsthŒ
瘝juÚyFŠrunkhros«ãoílÅirªjbjd¢
br«bgh‹ åuá«khrd¤J¥òtdKGJilahbshL«
剿UªjUËa nfh¥gunfrÇ g‹kuhd âÇòtd¢ r¡fu
t®¤âfŸ $ uh#uh#njt®¡F ah©L VHhtJ f‹Å
ehƉW mkug£r¤J etÄí« òj‹»Hikí« bg‰w
MÆša¤JehŸ..........
II
ïj‹ fU¤J:
“všyh cyf¤â‰F« x¥g‰wåuD«, th£nghÇš t‹ik
Ä¡ftD«. åu uhB[‹ vd¥ ngh‰w¥gLgtD«,
f§fhuhk‹ v‹D« bgaUilahD«, kEFy¤ij
ca®¤âatD«, mŠr¤j¡f ngh®¡fs¤âš gift®¡F¢
NwhtËí«. nrhH® Fo¡F neU« jhœÉid¤ jÉ®¡F«
jÅ, åuD«, _‹W M©LfŸ..... jǤj Kofis
íilatD«, mur®¡fuR«, thDyf kfË® T£Lwthš
brU¡»a gh©oa‹ nru‹ v‹D Ät®fŸ bt©rhkiu
åá¥ngh‰w¥bg‰w bgUikíilahD«, gh©oa
k©ly¤ij¡ ft®ªj f‹dl ntªjid bt‹wtD«,
nghÇš nridfis ÆHªj åunrhnkRtu‹ v‹gtdhš
ruzilªJ g‰¿¡bfhŸs¥g£l ghj§fisíila tD«,
åu®¡F mÂfydhf És§FgtD«, uh# gunkRtu‹.
uh#gukkhnfRtu‹, uh# ehuhaz‹ v‹D« bga®fis
íilatD«, všyh¢ rka§fisí« x¥g Ãiybgw¢
brŒgtD« ahid fhyhŸ KjÈa gilfis¥ òu¥gtD«,
muáaš, ïir, Vid¡fšÉ M»at‰¿š nj®¢áÄ¡f
jiytD«, gifntªj® cs¤â‰F¢ ršabk‹D«
gilia x¤J¡ fy¡fŠ brŒgtDkh»a âÇòtd
r¡fut®¤âfŸ $ uhn#ªâu nrhH njt®¡F ah©L”
240
240 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
nr®¡if II
nrhH k‹d®fis¥ g‰¿a giHa ghlšfŸ
Kj‰Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹
É¡»uk nrhH‹
eo¤jJ e¢ru î¢áÆ D¢á kâÈy§if 14
ïo¤jJ bt‹w âUgJ njhŸgâ bd©gfny
Ko¤jJ ghuj« åu¥ òÈit¥g _Ç¢br©lhš
mo¤jJ bgh‰»Ç É¡uk nrhH tfs§fnd.
ifí kyuoí§ f©Q§ fÅthíŠ 15
brŒa fÇa âUkhny -ita«
msªjh afs§fh thÈiynk‰ gŸË
ts®ªjhŒ js®ªjhbs‹ kh‹.
rÇí« òidr§Fª j©lË®ngh‹ nkÅ 16
tÇíª jd jlŠNœ t«ò« -âUkhd
Muª jGîª jlªnjh sfs§f‹
nfhuª bjhGj bfho¡F.
É¢rh jundD kªju¤J nkthdhš 17
m¢Rj dhÆDk« khady‹-âr
Ãiwth‹ fiyah‹ mfs§f Üâ
ïiwah ddfbd§ nfh‹.
j©lhkiu jUeh©ky® Ûnjhâk Ûd¤ 18
jus¤âuŸgts¤âu bs‹nwiHa® j§if¡
bfh©lhol K‹id¡»J ã‹id¤jU br«ik¡
Fzeh‹ko ísjh»a FlfhÉÇ ehlh
g©lhÈiy akˤJÆš FHÉ¥gU t¤nj
g›t¤bjhL Kyif¢áW gts¤Jt® thahš
c©lhaf s§fhÃf s§fhŒfÇ bjhGjhŸ
cŒa¤âU îsnkhbtJ brŒa¤âU îsnkh.
19. nk‰go
20. jÅ¥ghlš; bgUªbjhif, g¡f«. 182.
21. jÄœ ehty® rÇij, gh. 129
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 245
ïu©lh« ïuhruhrnrhH‹
m‹W bjhGj tÇit JstÂt 99
bj‹W JÆšbgWt bj¡fhyª -bj‹¿irÆš
Úuâuh t©z beLŠáiyia ehbz¿ªj
åujuh ånuh jah.
bfhiyia¤ jlÉa itnt yu¡f® Fykoa¢ 100
áiyia¤ jlÉa ifna ÆJbrf j©l¤JŸs
kiyia¤ jlÉa ɪj¤ jlÉ kiyªjbth‹dh®
jiyia¤ jlÉ el¡F§bfhš ahid¢ raJ§fns
fu¤JŠ áu¤J§ fË¡F§ fËWil¡ f©l‹tªjh‹ 101
ïu¤J§ fghl ÄŤâw¥ ghŒg© otdz§nf
cu¤JŠ áu¤J§ fghlª âwªâ£l J©oy§fh
òu¤J§ fghl òu¤J§fš ahz òu¤âDnk.
bjhG»‹w k‹d® brhǪâ£l br«bgh‰Wyh¤
âilt© 102
LG»‹w jh®¡f©l nd¿a Ph‹¿ DthkânghŒ
ÉG»‹w bjh¡F bkhUj£L¡ fhiyÆš ntiyÆštª
bjG»‹w PhÆbwh¤ jh‹Fy Ôg bd⮤j£ony
ïiHbah‹ ¿u©L t»®brŒj t‰bwh‹¿izíÄil¡ 103
FiHbah‹ ¿u©L bfh«gidahŒbfh©l nfhgªjÂ
kiHbah‹ ¿u©Lif« khd gu‹f©l‹ thrš tªjhš
ãiHbah‹ ¿u©L bghW¥gj‹ nwhfl‹ ngija®¡nf
f©l‹ gtÅ¡ ftd¥ gÇbeU¡fhš 104
k©Ls¡ fhnj ÆUªjth -bfh©oUªj
gh«òuÉ jhašy ghUuÉ jhašy
th«òuÉ jha tif.
99. ïuhruhr nrhHDyhÉš ïWâÆYŸs bt©gh.
100. j¡fahf¥guÂ, (ïu©lh« ïuhruhrnrhH‹ tuyhW) g¡, 46
101. jÄœ ehty® rÇij, gh. 128
102. jÄœ ehty® rÇij, gh. 127
103. nk‰go, gh 142.
104. nk‰go, gh 125.
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 257
nr®¡if III
». ã. 1070 Kjš ». ã. 1279 tiuÆš murh©l
nrhH k‹d®fË‹
kuòÉs¡f«
ïuhrnfrÇ Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ I (». ã. 1070-1120)
gunfrÇ É¡»uk nrhH‹ (». ã. 1118-1135)
ïuhrnfrÇ Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ II (». ã. 1133-1150)
gunfrÇ ïuhruhr nrhH‹ II (». ã. 1146-1163)
gunfrÇ Fnyh¤J§f nrhH‹ III (». ã. 1178-1218)
ïuhrnfrÇ ïuhruhr nrhH‹ III (». ã. 1216-1256)
gunfrÇ ïuhnrªâu nrhH‹ III (». ã. 1246-1279)
F¿¥ò :
gunfrÇ ïu©lh« ïuhruhr nrhHD¡F¥ ã‹D«
gunfrÇ _‹wh§ Fnyh¤J§fnrhHD¡F K‹D« ».ã.
Ú¡Ff ».ã. 1163 Kjš ».ã.1178 tiuÆš ïuhrnrfÇ
ïu©lh« ïuhrhâuhr nrhH‹ v‹w ntªj‹ xUt‹
M£á òǪJŸsd‹. mt‹ É¡»uk nrhH‹ ngu‹
v‹gJ« be¿íil¥bgUkhŸ òjšt‹ v‹gJ«
gšytuha‹ ng£ilÆYŸs fšbt£blh‹whš
m¿a¥gL»‹wd. MÆD«, mt‹ jªijia¥ g‰¿a
brŒâ e‹F òy¥glÉšiy.
262
nr®¡if IV
».ã. g¤J gândhuh« ü‰wh©LfËš nrhH®f£F« ÑiH¢
rS¡»a®f£F« V‰g£oUªj kz¤ bjhl®ò És¡f«.
nr®¡if V
ïu©lh« ïuhrhâuhr nrhHdJ
gšytuha‹ ng£il¡ fšbt£L
(1)ÞtÞâ $
flšNœªj gh®khjU« ókhjU« fiykhjU«
mlšNœªj ngh®khjU« Ó®khjU« mk®ªJthH
(2) eh‰flšNœ òÉnaG« gh‰flšnghš
òfœgu¥g Mâíf« Mbk‹d¢ nrhâKo òidªjUË
(3) mWrkaK« I«ójK« be¿Æš ËW ghÇ¥g¤
bj‹dtUŠ nruyUŠ á§fsU Kjyha
k‹dt®fŸ âiwRkªJ tªâiwŠá¢ nrÉ¥g
CÊbr§nfhš VGghU« ïÅjË¥g¢ br«bgh‹
(4) åuá«Ahrd¤J cyFilK¡nfh¡ »Hhdo
fnshL« 剿UªjUËa nfhÉuh# nfrÇ g‹kuhd
âÇòtd¢ r¡fut®¤âfŸ $uh#hâ uh# njt®¡F ah©L
v£lhtJ --
(5) #a§bfh©l nrhHk©ly¤J M_®¡
nfh£l¤J¢ áWF‹w eh£L¡ fhÇif¡ Fs¤ö®¡
Fs¤Jsh‹ âU¢á‰w«gyKilah‹ bgUkhd«ãah®
Md gšyt
(6) uha® bgÇa njt® uh#uh# njt® g¤J nfhƉ
bfh¤Jkhid Fâiu mf«go Ãaha KŸË£l
JiwfS¡F« KjÈfSkhŒ KjÈfŸ Xghâ fhÇa¤J
(7) ¡F§fltUkh bašyh tÇirfS« K‹ndtš
cŸË£L KjÈfŸ bgw¡ flt V‰w§fS« bg‰W ËW
264 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
bgÇanjt® JŠáaUË¥ ãŸisfS¡F x‹W«
ïu©L« âUe£r¤âukh
(8) ifahš MÆu¤jË¥ gil åL« É£L¥ nghj
nt©o¥ nghJ»w ïl¤J¤ âUtªj¥ òuK«
gÇthu§fS« cŸË£ld všyh« gÇfǤJ¡
T£o¡bfhL nghªJ uh#
(9) uh#òu¤âny ïUªj ïl¤J¡F Nœªj ïl‹.........
ahW ÄFâ¥......... u¤J cl‹ T£l¤jh ...... uhY« všyh¡
fy¡f ...... nrhHuh{a¤J¡FŸnsna ÆU¥gh® fhuztUl
........
(10) nt©o¥òw¤J všyh milî nfLfS« tuhj
ïl¤J ïªešfS« g®fǤJ ï¥.... bgÇa njt®
vGªjUËa ehËny âU mãnõf¤J¡F cÇa ãŸisfŸ
ï‹¿na......... U¡»w
(11) goia¥ gh®¤J K‹dhËny fhÇa« ïUªjgo
É©z¥gŠ brŒJ f§ifbfh©l nrhH òu¤âny
vGªjUË ÆU¡»w ãŸisfis ãuahz« g©QɤJ
cilah® É¡»uknrhH njt® ngudh®
(12) be¿íil¥ bgUkhŸ âUkfdh® vâÇÈ¥
bgUkhis¥ bgÇa njt® JŠáaUËd ehËny k©il
fÉ¥ã¤J¥ nghªjhuhdthnw ïtiu¤ âU mãnõf«
g©QÉ¡f¡ fltuhf âbrƤJ ehyhª
âUeB¤âu¤âny uh#hâ uh#njt® v
(13) ‹W âU mãnõf« g©QɤJ cl‹
T£lK« ehL bkh‹Wg£L¢ bršY«go
g©QɤjUËdh® Äif brŒahjgoí« gÇfǤJ
ït®fŸ všnyhiuíŠ nru¥ão¤J¥ g mH»jh
(14) f¢ brŒtbjhUgoí« g©Â <H¤jh‹ gh©o
eh£ony gilfS« fhuztuhdhiuí« ÄFâ¥
nghjÉ£L ïª ehL if¡bfhŸs¡ fltdhd¥ g©Âd
ïl¤J¥ gh©oadh® Fynrfu njt®
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 265
bghU£F¿¥ò mfuhâ
m m«ika¥g‹ gh©oehL
mfs§fòu« .............................. 80 bfh©lhdhd f©lªNÇa‹
r«òtuha‹ ....................... 136, 176
mfs§f‹ ................................. 80
m«gy§nfhÆš bfh©lh‹ .... 87
m¢áWgh¡f« .......................... 120
mur ehuhaz‹ ...................... 104
mâfkh‹ ïuhruhrnjt‹ ...... 174
mur ehuhazd‹ VÊir
mâfkh‹ beLkhdŠá ..... 65, 174
nkhfdh»a reehj f¢áuha‹ . 140
mâf‹ ................................ 82, 86
mU§F‹w¥ ãŸisahd
mâfhÇ åuáfhk _ntªj Óaf§f‹ ..................................175
ntsh‹ .................................... 64
mU«gh¡fKilah‹ .............. 163
mâakh‹ ............................... 106
mU«gh¡ »Hh‹ ........................ 59
mâuhnrªâu‹ ............. 11,19,23,95
mU«gh¡ »Hh‹ kzɉ
meªjghiyah .......................... 38 T¤jdhd fhȧfuha‹ 59, 76, 83
m¥g©z j©lehaf‹ ......... 192 mU«ig¤ bjhŸshÆu«........... 60
mga‹ ............................... 50, 102 mUbkhÊ e§if ....................... 52
mãkhdJ§f rhkªj‹ ............ 40 mUshfu‹ ................................ 59
m«k§if njÉ........................... 7 miua® ..................................... 69
m«k§ifahœth® ............... 53,54 miua‹ kJuhªjfdhd
m«ika¥g‹ ïuhnrªâu nrhH Fnyh¤J§f nrhH
r«òtuha‹ ............................... 88 nfus uhr‹ ............................... 59
m«ika¥g‹ f©Qil¥ mtÅKGJilahŸ ......... 52, 118
bgUkhshd É¡»u nrhH mtÅahs¥ ãwªjhŸ ..............179
r«òtuha‹ ............................. 103
mH»a Óa‹ .............................179
m«ika¥g‹ f©Qila
mH»a bgUkhsh»a
bgUkhshd É¡»uk nrhH
nrhHf§f‹ ..............................211
r«òtuha‹ ............................. 176
ms¤â ...................................... 20
m«ika¥g‹ Óa‹
gšyth©lh‹ ................. 120,139 mwÃiy Érhf‹
âiunyh¡akšy‹
m«ika¥g‹ Óa‹
t¤ruhr‹ ................................ 163
gšyth©lhdhd ïuhrh
ehuhaz r«òtuha‹ .............. 120 m¿P® j«ãuh‹ mga‹ ......... 48
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 281
ã‰fhy¢ nrhH® rǤâu« - 2 295
F¿¥òfŸ
296 â.it. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh® MŒîfŸ - 4
F¿¥òfŸ